PPS TRIPOS POL 2 (Part IIa/ POL 15 (Part IIb) Historical Tripos PAPER 20 (Part I)/ PAPER 4 (Part

II)

HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT from c.1700 to c.1890

COURSE GUIDE 2013 2014

CONVENOR (POLIS): Dr Duncan Kelly (djk36)

NOTE: THE SYLLABUS FOR THE PAPER HAS BEEN REVISED From 2013-2014, one author and several topics have been removed, and new topics added. Prescribed texts have also been revised. Please ensure that you use only this revised Course Guide and Bibliography for 2013-2014.

Why study this paper? Beginning with the Enlightenment and extending from the American and French revolutions to the wave of revolutions in 1848 and the challenge of capitalism in the thought of Karl Marx, this paper explains the formation of the fundamental concepts of modern politics. The line between the sacred and the civil, the relation between liberty and commerce, the transformations in the principles of political legitimacy which led to the notion of the modern representative republic, the nineteenth-century rise of the idea of the nation-states and nationalism, the modern concept of empire, the demand for gender equality: all these and more form the content of this paper. Like Paper 19 (Pol 1), this paper offers two kinds of intellectual exploration. In Part A, you will focus on a close reading of major texts within their political and intellectual contexts. This enables you to explore how political argument was articulated in texts by the greatest political philosophers of the period. In Part B, you will focus on groups of texts which are thematically and historically connected, developing your ability to understand the way that a given political language is inflected in different directions according to different demands of national and international debate in the modern period. For those who have done other papers in the history of political thought or are thinking of taking them, this paper provides an essential introduction to the understanding of all aspects of understanding political thought, including the foundations of truly modern politics. How to study this paper Lectures: because the material to be covered is diverse and especially challenging for many students who will not have studied the history of political thought before, a comprehensive array of lectures is offered. This need not cause you alarm since you are not required or expected to attend them all. Note that some lectures from other Faculties may be included in this list because the expertise in the history of political thought in Cambridge is shared among several Faculties. The lecturing, syllabus and reading lists for this paper are organised by the History Faculty, but supervision for POLIS students is arranged through the course co-ordinator in POLIS. Lecturers are encouraged to place their outlines, bibliographies and other material on the papers Camtools site in advance of the lecture. Your id will be added to the list of site users by the Convenor at the start of the academic year, based on information received from the administrative offices of History and POLIS. If you have been omitted, you should contact the convenor. Supervisions: in your supervisions (of which the faculty norm is for 6 paired supervisions per paper) in the Michaelmas and Lent terms, you should cover six of the 23 named authors and topics, in preparation for answering three questions in the examination (on which, see below). What you need to do, therefore, is to construct, in conjunction with your supervisor, your own intellectual pathway through this paper. Before you start, you should make an initial choice of, say, authors and topics; these will preferably have thematic or historical connections between them. You may change your choice as you proceed, but identification of a pathway is the key to making the most of this paper. The following page just indicates some possibilities, and is in no sense meant to be directive, simply illustrative, and lists no more than the normal 6 supervisory slots you should expect, but there is of course considerable overlap between certain authors and themes.

Some Possible Pathways through this Paper (indicative/illustrative only)

III. Commercial Society, Sociability and the Social Contract 1. Luxury and Commercial Society 2. Rousseau 3. Hume 4. Smith 5. Burke 6. Marx

IV. The Background to Marx 1. Rousseau 2. Smith 3. French Revolution 4. Hegel 5. Socialism before 1848 6. Marx

V. Consequences of French Revolution 1. French Revolution 2. Rousseau 3. Constant 4. Nationalism and the State 5. Tocqueville 6. Marx

VI. 19th Century Political Thought 1. Gender and Political Thought (18/19th centuries) 2. Hegel 3. Marx 4. Tocqueville 5. Mill 6. Empire and Civilization

Bibliography (available here, online and on the camtools site for the paper): this is the resource which lists all of the authors and topics with specified primary reading and recommended secondary reading. This guide and the Bibliography should be read together, to help you to select the lectures which will be most relevant to your chosen authors and topics, as well as those which will enhance your understanding of their place within the political thought of the period as a whole.

Further Guidance: Students are advised to start their reading by concentrating on the set texts listed for the authors in Section A that they wish to study over the vacation, where possible to obtain their own copies, and to begin to get well-acquainted with the texts. Equally, because much of the interest in the history of political thought in recent decades has sprung from a concern with the methodology appropriate to its study, you should aim to get a sense of this before beginning. In order to do so, and to consider the relationship between political thought and intellectual history as modes of inquiry, you should consider reading the following before commencing the course, to get a sense of what sorts of questions are deemed to be important, what sort of approaches one might reasonably adopt, and so on and so forth. Richard Tuck, History of political thought, in P. Burke (ed.) New Perspectives on Historical Writing, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991), pp. 193-205. Annabel S. Brett, What is intellectual history now? in What is History Now? ed. David Cannadine (London: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 113-131. Quentin Skinner, Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas, in Visions of Politics, vol. I, Regarding Method (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 57-89. The Examination: candidates can expect that a question will be set on each of the prescribed authors in Section A and topics in Section B. But you should be aware that the guarantee of a question on each author and topic does not mean that examiners will set lowest common denominator, generic questions, open to a pre-prepared answer. They are much more likely to ask specific questions, approaching the author/topic from a particular perspective. Candidates are therefore strongly advised to prepare more than the minimum of required authors and topics, and to avoid obvious overlap between answers.

Examination Rubric The rubric for both Part IIa and IIb will now read: Candidates must answer three questions, at least ONE from Section A and at least ONE from Section B.

Section A (candidates will be required to answer at least one question) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 Hume Montesquieu Rousseau Smith Burke Wollstonecraft Kant Bentham Constant Hegel Tocqueville John Stuart Mill Marx

Section B (candidates will be required to answer at least one question) B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 Natural law and History Luxury and Commercial Society The Political Thought of the American Revolution The Political Thought of the French Revolution Culture and Aesthetic Politics in Germany 1770-1810 Gender and Political Thought in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Socialism before 1848 Nationalism and the State Empire and Civilisation in Nineteenth-Century Political Thought Social Science and Political Thought ..

LECTURES IN 2013-2014 (For finalised listings, please consult the lecture list) Lectures in History Faculty Building unless otherwise indicated: Michaelmas Prof. J. Robertson Prof M. OBrien Miss S. Tomaselli Miss S. Tomaselli Dr C. Meckstroth Natural Law, Sociability and Luxury (B 14-15: 4 lectures, Weeks 1-4) Montesquieu and Hume (4 lectures, Weeks 5-8) Political Thought of the American Revolution (B 16: 4 lectures) Cross List with Paper 22 Wollstonecraft and Burke (4 Lectures) Gender and Political Thought (B 19: 2 Lectures) German Political Thought from Kant to Marx: Kant, Culture and Aesthetic Politics (B 18), Hegel, Marx (8 lectures)

Lent Prof J. Robertson Dr C Meckstroth Dr I. Nakhimovsky Dr I. Nakhimovsky Dr J. Isaac Dr R. Scurr* Easter Prof. J. Robertson Dr C. Meckstroth Class: Discourses of political thought in the 18 Century (4 Classes) Socialism before 1848 (B 20), Hegel, Marx (4 lectures) Rousseau and Smith (4 Lectures, weeks 1-4) Liberty and Utility: Bentham, Constant, Tocqueville, Mill (8 lectures) Political Thought of the French Revolution (B 17: 2 lectures) Nationalism and the state (B 21: 2 Lectures) Empire and Civilization (B 22: 2 lectures) Social Science and Political Thought (B 23: 2 lectures)

THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT FROM c.1700 TO c.1890

Section A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 Hume Montesquieu Rousseau Smith Burke Wollstonecraft Kant Bentham Constant Hegel Tocqueville John Stuart Mill Marx Section B B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 Natural Law and History Luxury and Commercial Society The Political Thought of the American Revolution The Political Thought of the French Revolution Culture and aesthetic politics in Germany 1770-1810 Gender and Political Thought in the 18th and 19th centuries Socialism before 1848 Nationalism and the State Empire and Civilisation in nineteenth-century Political Thought Social Science and Political Thought

A1. HUME

Set texts: A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. P.H. Nidditch (Oxford 1978) or eds. D. F. Norton and M. J. Norton, (Oxford, 2000): Bk. III Essays Moral, Political and Literary, ed. E.F. Miller (Indianapolis, 1985), especially essays Part I 2-8, 12, 14, 21; Part II 1-9, 11-13, 16.

Suggested secondary reading: N. Phillipson, Hume, (London, 1989, repr. Penguin, London, 2011)D. Forbes, Humes Philosophical Politics, (Cambridge, 1975) J.G.A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), chapters 12-14 I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), Introduction, pp. 1-156. J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge, 2005), chapter 6, pp. 256-324. J. P. Wright, Humes Treatise of Human Nature: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2009) A. C. Baier, A Progress of Sentiments: Reflection on Humes Treatise (Cambridge MA, 1991) chapters 7-12. S. Blackburn, How to Read Hume (London, 2008) J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (Cambridge MA, 2007), Lectures on Hume, pp. 159-187. R. Hardin, David Hume: Moral and Political Theorist (Oxford, 2007) J. Moore, Humes Theory of Justice and Property, Political Studies, 24 (1976), 103-19. J. Moore, Hume and Hutcheson, in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright (eds), Hume and Humes Connexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 25-37 J. Moore, The Eclectic Stoic, the Mitigated Sceptic in E. Mazza and E. Ronchetti (eds), New Essays on David Hume (Milan, 2007), pp. 133-170. L. Turco, Hutcheson and Hume in a Recent Polemic in Mazza and Ronchetti (eds), New Essays on David Hume, 171-198. D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, The Foundations of Morality, in K. Haakonssen (ed), Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241986 D. F. Norton, Hume, Human Nature and the Foundations of Morality in Norton (ed), Cambridge Companion to Hume, (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2009), pp. 270-310. D. F. Norton, Hume and Hutcheson: The Question of Influence in D. Garber and S. Nadler (eds), Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy, vol. 2 (Oxford, 2005), pp. 211-256. J. Harris, Answering Bayles Question: Religious Belief in the Moral Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, D. Garber and S. Nadler eds., Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy, vol. 1 (Oxford, 2003), 229-53. J. Harris, The Epicurean in Hume, in N. Leddy and A. Lifchitz eds., Epicurus in the Enlightenment, (Oxford, 2009), 161-81. M. A. Stewart, Humes Intellectual Development, 1711-1752, in M. Frasca-Spada and P. J. E. Kail (eds), Impressions of Hume (Oxford, 2005), 11-58. R. L. Emerson, Humes Intellectual Development: Part II, in Emerson, Essays on David Hume, Medical Men and the Scottish Enlightenment (Farnham, 2009), 103-126. S. Darwall, Motive and Obligation in Humes Ethics Nous 27 (1993), 415-448.

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R. Cohon, Artificial and Natural Virtues, in S. Traiger (ed), The Blackwell Guide to Humes Treatise (Oxford, 2006), 256-275. Dees, Richard H. One of the Finest and Most Subtile Inventions: Hume on Government, in E. Schmidt Radcliffe (ed), A Companion to Hume (Oxford, 2008), pp. 388405. C. Wennerlind, The Link Between David Humes Treatise of Human Nature and His Fiduciary Theory of Money, History of Political Economy 33 (2001), 139-160. I. Hont, The Rich Country-Poor Country Debate in the Scottish Enlightenment, in Jealousy of Trade, pp. 267-322. I. Hont, The Rich Country-Poor Country Debate Revisited: The Irish Origins and French Reception of the Hume Paradox, in M. Schabas and C. Wennerlind (eds), David Humes Political Economy, (London, 2008), pp. 243-323. J.G.A. Pocock, Hume and the American Revolution: The Dying Thoughts of a North Briton, in Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 125-141. I. Hont, The Rhapsody of Public Debt: David Hume and Voluntary Bankruptcy, in Jealousy of Trade, pp. 325-353. I. Hont, The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418. A. S. Cunningham, David Humes Account of Luxury, Journal of the History of Economic Thought 27 (2005), 231-250. J. Robertson, Universal Monarchy and the Liberties of Europe: David Humes Critique of an English Whig Doctrine, in N. Phillipson and Q. Skinner (eds), Political Discourse in Early Modern Britain, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 349-73. D. Wootton, David Hume the Historian, in Cambridge Companion to Hume, 2nd edn, pp. 447-480. M. Barfoot, Hume and the Culture of Science in the Early Eighteenth Century, in M. A. Stewart (ed), Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 15190.

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A2. MONTESQUIEU

Set Text: The Spirit of the Laws, eds. A. Cohler, B. Miller and H. Stone (Cambridge, 1989) Suggested secondary reading: R. Shackleton, Montesquieu: A Critical Biography, (London, 1961) M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution (Princeton, 2007), chapters 2-3. N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), Chapters 10-14 Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 2 P. A. Rahe, Montesquieu and the Logic of Liberty (New Haven CT, 2009) D.W. Carrithers, M.A. Mosher and P.A. Rahe (eds), Montesquieus Science of Politics: Essays on the Spirit of the Laws, (Lanham MD, 2001) R. Kingston (ed), Montesquieu and His Legacy (Albany NY, 2008) I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge MA, 2005) Introduction, pp. 1-156. A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph (Princeton NJ, 1977) J.N. Shklar, Montesquieu, (Oxford, 1987) S. Krause, Liberalism with Honor (Cambridge MA, 2002) S. Tomaselli, The Spirit of Nations, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 9-39 P. A. Rahe, The Book That Never Was: Montesquieu's Considerations on the Romans in Historical Context, History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 43-89. S. Mason, Montesquieus Vision of Europe and its European Context, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 341 (1996), 61-87. R. Shackleton, Montesquieu, Bolingbroke and the separation of powers, in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and the Enlightenment, D. Gilson and M. Smith (eds), (Oxford, 1988), pp. 3-16. E. Dziembowski, The English Political Model in 18th-Century France, Historical Research, 74 (2001), 151-71. S. Mason, Montesquieu on English Constitutionalism Revisited: A Government of Potentiality and Paradoxes, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 278 (1990), 105-46. D. Desserud, Commerce and Political Participation in Montesquieus Letter to Domville History of European Ideas, 25 (1999), 135-151. S. Krause, The Uncertain Inevitability of Decline in Montesquieu, Political Theory 30 (2002), 702-27. I. Hont, The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), 379418. H.E. Ellis, Montesquieus Modern Politics: The Spirit of the Laws and the problem of modern monarchy in Old Regime France, History of Political Thought, 10 (1989), 665-700. M. Richter, Despotism, in P. Wiener (ed), Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas, (New York, 1973), Volume II, pp. 1-18.

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C.P. Courtney, Montesquieu and the Problem of la diversit, in G. Barber and C. P. Courtney (eds), Enlightenment Essays in Memory of Robert Shackleton, (Oxford, 1988), pp. 61-81. P. Cheney, Montesquieus Science of Commerce, in Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce: Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapter 2, pp. 52-86. K. M. Baker, Public Opinion as Political Invention, in Baker, Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 167-99.

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A3. ROUSSEAU Set Texts: Discourse on Inequality, including Rousseau's notes, in The Discourses and Other Early Political Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 111-246 Of the Social Contract, with the Geneva Manuscript, The State of War and Letter to Mirabeau, in The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 3-176, pp. 268-71 Suggested secondary reading: R. Wokler, Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2001) R. Wokler, Rousseau, the Age of Enlightenment and their Legacies (Princeton, 2012) collected articles, including: pp. 1-28: Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseaus Anthropology Revisited, also in Daedalus, 107 (1978), 107-34; pp. 88-112: Rousseaus Pufendorf: natural Law and the foundations of commercial society, also in History of Political Thought, 15 (1994), 373-402 N. J. H. Dent, Rousseau: an Introduction to his Psychological, Social and Political Theory (Oxford, 1988) N. J. H. Dent, A Rousseau Dictionary (Oxford, 1992) T. OHagan, Rousseau (London, 2003) J. Hope Mason, The Indispensable Rousseau, (London, 1979) J. Hope Mason, Individuals in Society: Rousseaus Republican Vision, History of Political Thought, 10 (1989), 89-112. J. Hope Mason, Forced to be Free, in R. Wokler (ed), Rousseau and Liberty (Manchester, 1995), 121-38. M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution (Princeton NJ, 2008) chapters 3, 6. M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution (Princeton NJ, 2007), chapter 3. J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman ed., (Cambridge MA, 2007), Lectures on Rousseau, pp. 191-248. F. Neuhouser, Freedom, Dependence and the General Will, Philosophical Review, 102 (1993), 363-395. F. Neuhouser, Rousseaus Theodicy of Self-Love: Evil Rationality, and the Drive for Recognition (Oxford, 2008) C. Brooke, Rousseaus Second Discourse between Epicureanism and Stoicism", in S. Hoffmann and C. MacDonald, (eds), Rousseau and Freedom, (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 44-57. C. Brooke, Philosophic Pride. Stoicism and Political Thought from Lipsius to Rousseau (Princeton, 2012): Ch. 8: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. D. Gauthier, Rousseau: The Sentiment of Existence (Cambridge, 2006) A. M. Melzer, The Natural Goodness of Man: on the System of Rousseaus Thought, (Chicago IL, 1990) C. Bertram, Rousseau and the Social Contract (London, 2004) L. Damrosch, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius (Boston MA, 2005) C. Kelly and E. Grace eds., Rousseau on Women, Love and Family (Hanover NH, 2009)

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J. Cohen, Rousseau: A Free Community of Equals (Oxford, 2010) R. D. Masters, The Political Philosophy of Rousseau, (Princeton NJ, 1968) H. Rosenblatt, Rousseau and Geneva: From the First Discourse to the Social Contract, 1749 1762 (Cambridge, 1997) H. Rosenblatt, Rousseau, the Anticosmopolitan? Daedalus 137 (2008), 59-67. H. Rosenblatt, On the Misogyny of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Letter to d'Alembert in Historical Context, French Historical Studies 25 (2002), 91-114. V. Gourevitch, Rousseau on Providence, Review of Metaphysics 53 (2000), 565-611. J. Starobinski, Rousseau: Transparency and Obstruction, trans. A. Goldhammer (Chicago IL, 1988) N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and the Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), chapter 15. R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace (Oxford, 1999), chapter 7. B. Kapossy, Iselin contra Rousseau (Basle, 2006), chapter 3, pp. 173-245. J. N. Shklar, Rousseaus Images of Authority, in M. Cranston and R.S. Peters (eds), Hobbes and Rousseau (New York, 1972), pp. 333-365. P. Riley, Rousseaus General Will, in Riley (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, (Cambridge, 2001), 124-53. S. Affeldt, The Force of Freedom: Rousseau on Forcing to be Free, Political Theory 27 (1999), 299-333. C. Kelly and R.D. Masters, Human Nature, Liberty and Progress: Rousseaus Dialogue with the Critics of the Discours sur l'ingalit, in R. Wokler, Rousseau and Liberty, pp. 53-69. S. H. Campbell and J.T. Scott, Rousseaus Politic Argument in the Discouse on the Sciences and Arts, American Journal of Political Science 49 (2005), 818-828. S. T. Engel, Rousseau and Imagined Communities, Review of Politics 67 (2005), 515-537. C. Kelly, To Persuade without Convincing: The Language of Rousseaus Legislator, American Journal of Political Science 31 (1987), 321-335. A. Abizadeh, Banishing the Particular: Rousseau on Rhetoric, Patrie, and the Passions, Political Theory 29 (), 556-582. J. P. McCormick, Rousseaus Rome and the Repudiation of Populist Republicanism, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 10 (2007), 3-27. M. Schwartzberg, Rousseau on Fundamental Law, Political Studies 51 (2003), 387-403. J. T. Scott, Rousseau and the Melodious Language of Freedom Journal of Politics 59 (1997), 803-829. L. Kirk, Genevan Republicanism, in D. Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776, (Stanford, CA, 1994), pp. 270-309. R. Whatmore, Rousseau and the Representants: The Politics of the Lettres Ecrites de la Montagne, Modern Intellectual History, 3 (2006), 385-413. B. Kapossy, Neo-Roman Republicanism and Commercial Society: The Example of Eighteenth-Century Berne, in M. van Gelderen and Q. Skinner (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage 2 vols, (Cambridge, 2002), vol. 2, pp. 226-247.

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A4. SMITH Set Texts: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, eds. D.D. Raphael and A.L.Macfie, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976, reprinted Indianapolis, 1982) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, eds. T. Campbell, A. S. Skinner and W. Todd, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976, reprinted Indianapolis, 1981): Introduction and Plan of the Work, Books I; II, Ch 1; III; IV Chs 1, 8, 9; V, Ch. 1 Parts i and ii Suggested secondary reading: D. Stewart, An Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith L.L.D, in Smith, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, ed. W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce, (Indianapolis IN, 1982) N. Phillipson, Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life (London, 2010) D. Winch, Adam Smiths Politics, (Cambridge, 1978) D. Winch, Science and the Legislator: Adam Smith and After, Economic Journal, 93 (1983), 501-29. I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, MA., 2005), Introduction, pp. 1-156; Needs and Justice in the Wealth of Nations, pp. 389-443; Adam Smith and the Political Economy of the Unnatural and Retrograde Order, pp. 354-388. I. Hont, Adam Smiths History of Law and Government as Political Theory, in R, Bourke and R. Geuss (eds), Political Judgement: Essays for John Dunn (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 131171. D. Forbes, Sceptical Whiggism, Commerce and Liberty, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson (eds), Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 179-201 A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph (Princeton NJ, 1977) Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 3 C. Griswold, Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1999) D. D. Raphael, The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smiths Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 2007) E. Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment, (Cambridge, Mass, 2001), Chs. 4, 8 P. Force, Self-Interest before Adam Smith: A Genealogy of Economic Science (Cambridge, 2003) S. Fleischacker, On Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations: A Philosophical Companion (Princeton NJ, 2004) R. Hanley, Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue (Cambridge, 2009) F. Forman-Barzilai, Adam Smith and the Circles of Sympathy: Cosmopolitanism and Moral Theory (Cambridge, 2010) J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge, 2003), chapter 16. A. Sen, Introduction, in Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. R. P. Hanley (London, 2010), pp. vii-xxvi. J. Robertson, The Legacy of Adam Smith: Government and Economic Development in The Wealth of Nations, in R. Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought and Practice, (London, 1990), 15-41 D. Lieberman, Adam Smith on Justice, Right and Law, in K. Haakonnsen (ed), Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 214-245

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S. J. Pack and E. Schliesser, Smiths Humean Criticism of Humes Account of the Origin of Justice, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 44 (2006), 47-63. G.J. Stigler, Smiths Travels on the Ship of State, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson (eds), Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 237-46. J. Viner, Adam Smith and Laissez Faire, in D. A. Irwin (ed), Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics, (Princeton NJ, 1991), 85-113. K. Tribe, Natural Liberty and Laissez Faire: How Adam Smith became a Free Trade Ideologue, in S. Copley and K. Sutherland (eds), Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations: New Interdisciplinary Essays, (Manchester, 1995), 23-44. K. Tribe, Das Adam Smith Problem and the Origins of Modern Smith Scholarship, History of European Ideas 344 (2008), 514-525. P. Bowles, Adam Smith and the Natural Progress of Opulence, Economica, n.s. 53 (1986), 109.118. S. Muthu, Adam Smiths Critique of International Trading Companies, Political Theory 36 (2008), 185-212. A. Oncken, The Consistency of Adam Smith, Economic Journal 7 (1897), 443-450. J.-L. Peaucelle, Adam Smiths Use of Multiple References for His Pin Making Example, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 13 (2006), 489-512.

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A5. BURKE Set Text: Pre-Revolutionary Writings, ed. I. Harris, (Cambridge, 1993) Reflections on the Revolution in France, A Critical Edition, ed. J. C. D. Clark (Stanford CA, 2001); other editions available. Suggested secondary reading: C.C. OBrien, The Great Melody: A Thematic Biography and Commented Anthology of Edmund Burke, (London, 1992) F. OGorman, Edmund Burke: His Political Philosophy, (London, 1973) F. P. Lock, Edmund Burke, Volume I: 1730-1784, Volume II: 1784-1797 (Oxford, 1999-2006) I. Hampsher-Monk, Edmund Burke, in Hampsher-Monk, A History of Modern Political Thought (Oxford, 1992), pp. 261-304. I. Hampshire-Monk, Burke and the Religious Sources of Skeptical Conservatism, in J. van der Zande and R. H. Popkin, (eds), The Skeptical Tradition Around 1800 (Dordrecht, 1988), pp. 23559. I. Hampsher-Monk, Edmund Burkes Changing Justification for Intervention, Historical Journal (2005), 65-100. R. Bourke, Edmund Burke and the Politics of Conquest, Modern Intellectual History 4 (2007), 403-432. R. Bourke, Liberty, Authority and Trust in Burkes Idea of Empire, Journal of the History of Ideas 61 (2000), 45371. J.G.A. Pocock, Burke and the Ancient Constitution: A Problem in the History of Ideas, in Pocock, Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History, (London, 1972), pp. 202-32. J.G.A. Pocock, The Political Economy of Burkes Analysis of the Revolution, in Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 192-212. J.G.A. Pocock, Introduction, to Pocock (ed), [Burke], Reflections on the Revolution in France, (Indianapolis IN, 1987), pp. vii-lvi. J.G.A. Pocock, Edmund Burke and the Redefinition of Enthusiasm: The Context as Counter-Revolution, in F. Furet and M.Ozouf, (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture: The Transformation of Political Culture, 17891848 (Oxford, 1989), pp. 1943 B. W. Young, Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century England: Theological Debate from Locke to Burke (Oxford, 1998) M. Freeman, Edmund Burke and his Critique of Political Radicalism, (Oxford, 1980) J. Conniff, Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Coming Revolution in Ireland, Journal of the History of Ideas, 47 (1986), 37-59. J. R. Dinwiddy, Utility and Natural Law in Burkes Thought: A Reconsideration, Studies in Burke and his Time, 16 (1974), 105-28 P. Lucas, On Edmund Burkes Doctrine of Prescription: or, an Appeal from the New to the Old Lawyers, Historical Journal, 11 (1968), 35-63. H. Mitchell, Edmund Burkes Language of Politics and his Audience, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 287 (1991), 335-60 H. Pitkin, Representing Unattached Interests: Edmund Burke, in Pitkin, The Concept of Representation, (Berkeley, CA, 1967), pp. 168-89

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G. Claeys, The Reflections Refracted: the Critical Reception of Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France During the Early 1790s, in J. Whale ed., Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France. New Interdisciplinary Essays (Manchester, 2000), pp. 40-59. T. Schofield, Conservative Political Thought in Britain in Response to the French Revolution, Historical Journal, 29 (1986), 601-22 D. S. Kluge, Edmund Burke, Economical Reform, and the Board of Trade, 1777-1780, Journal of Modern History, 51 (1979), 185-200. D. Armitage, Edmund Burke and Reason of State Journal of the History of Ideas, 61 (2000), 617-634

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A6. WOLLSTONECRAFT Set Text: A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed. S. Tomaselli, (Cambridge, 1995) Suggested secondary reading: B. Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) B. Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination (Cambridge, 2003) J. Todd, Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life, (London, 2000) K. OBrien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009) V. Sapiro, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary Wollstonecraft, (Chicago, 1992) S. Tomaselli, The Enlightenment Debate on Women, History Workshop, 20 (1985), 101-24. S. Tomaselli, The Most Public Sphere of all: the Family, in E. Eger, C. Grant, C. Gallchoir and P. Warburton (eds), Women, Writing and the Public Sphere 1700-1830, (Cambridge, 2001), pp. 239-56. L. Halldenius, The political conditions of free agency: the case of Mary Wollstonecraft, in Wuentin Skinner and Martin Van Gelderen (eds), Freedom and the Construction of Europe II Free Persons and Free States (Cambridge, 2013), 227-43. H.N. Brailsford, Shelley, Godwin and their Circle, (2nd edn., London, 1951) M. J. Falco ed., Feminist Interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft, (Pennsylvania, 1996) A. Browne, The Eighteenth Century Feminist Mind, (Brighton, 1987) H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago, 2000), Introduction and Part IV J.B. Landes, Women in the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution, (Ithaca, NY, 1988) D. Engster, Mary Wollstonecrafts Nurturing Liberalism: Between an Ethic of Justice and Care, American Political Science Review 95 (2001), 577-588. G J. Barker-Benfield, Mary Wollstonecraft: Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthswoman, Journal of the History of Ideas, 50 (1989), 95-115. M. Brody, Mary Wollstonecraft: Sexuality and Womens Rights, in D. Spender (ed), Feminist Theorists: Three Centuries of Womens Intellectual Traditions, (London, 1983), 40-59 D. Bromwich, Wollstonecraft as a Critic of Burke, Political Theory, 23 (1995), 617- 632. J. Conniff, Edmund Burke and His Critics: The Case of Mary Wollstonecraft, Journal of the History of Ideas, 60 (1999), 299-318. D. Guralnick, Radical Politics in Wollstonecrafts Vindication of the Rights of Women, Studies in Burke and his Time, 18 (1977), 155-66. R. M. Janes, On the Reception of Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Journal of the History of Ideas, 39 (1978), 293-302. T. OHagan, Rousseau and Wollstonecraft on Sexual Equality, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross (eds), A Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), pp. 123-54. M. Philp, Mary Wollstonecraft and Political Justice, in Philp, Godwins Political Justice, (London, 1986), pp. 175-92.

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K. OBrien, Catharine Macaulays Histories of England: A Female Perspective on the History of Liberty in B. Taylor and S. Knott (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment, (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 523-37.

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A7. KANT Set Texts: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. M. Gregor (Cambridge, 1998) Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1991)

Suggested secondary reading: M. Kuehn, Kant: A Biography (Cambridge, 2001) P. Guyer, Kant (London, 2006) A. Wood, Kant (Oxford, 2005) A. Wood, Kants Ethical Thought (Cambridge 1999) R. J. Sullivan, An Introduction to Kants Ethics, (Cambridge, 1994) J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman (ed), (Cambridge MA, 2000),Kant, pp. 143-325. S. Sedgwick, Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2008) H. E. Allison, Kants Theory of Freedom, (Cambridge, 1990). A. Ripstein, Force and Freedom: Kants Legal and Political Philosophy (Cambridge MA, 2009) P. Riley, Kants Political Philosophy, (Totowa NJ, 1983) E. Ellis, Kants Politics (New Haven, 2005), chs. 1-3 O. Hffe, Kants Cosmopolitan Theory of Law and Peace (Cambridge, 2006) D. Henrich, The Moral Image of the World, in Heinrich (ed), Aesthetic Judgement and the Moral Image of the World, (Stanford CA, 1992), 3-28 D. Henrich, The Deduction of the Moral Law: The Reasons for the Obscurity of the Final Sections of Kants Groundwork on the Metaphysics of Morals, in P. Guyer (ed), Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: Critical Essays, (New York, 1998), 303-41 R. Galvin, The Universal Law Formulas in T. E. Hill Jr. (ed), The Blackwell Guide to Kants Ethics (Oxford, 2009), pp. 52-82. O. Hffe, Kants Principle of Justice as Categorical Imperative of the Law, in Y. Yovel (ed), Kants Practical Philosophy Re-evaluated, (Dordrecht, 1989), 149-67. A. Wood, Kants Practical Philosophy, in K. Ameriks (ed), The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), 57-75 A. Wood, Kant and the Problem of Human Nature, in B. Jacobs and P. Kain (eds), Essays on Kants Anthropology (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 38-59. P. Frierson, Kantian Moral Pessimism in S. Anderson-Cold and P. Muchnik (eds), Kants Anatomy of Evil (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 33-56. P. Guyer, The Crooked Timber of Mankind in A Oksenberg Rorty and J. Schmidt (eds), Kants Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim: A Critical Guide (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 129-149. R. B. Louden, Applying Kants Ethics: The Role of Anthropology in G. Bird (ed), A Companion to Kant: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy (Oxford, 2010), pp. 350-363. C. Taylor, Kants Theory of Freedom, in Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1985), vol. 2, pp. 318-37

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W. Kersting, Politics, Freedom and Order: Kants Political Philosophy, in P. Guyer (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Kant, (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 342-66. D. Henrich, On the Meaning of Rational Action in the State, in R. Beiner and W. J. Booth (eds), Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy, (New Haven CT, 1993), pp. 97-116 R. B. Pippin, Mine and Thine: The Kantian State in P. Guyer (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 416-446. M. Gregor, Kants Theory of Property in S. Byrd and J. Hruschka (eds), Kant and Law (Aldershot, 2006), pp. 109-139. L. W. Beck, Kant and the Right to Revolution, Journal of the History of Ideas, 32 (1971), 411-22 T. E. Hill Jr, Questions about Kants Opposition to Revolution, Journal of Value Inquiry 36 (202), 283-298. K. B. Westphal, Kant on the State, Law, and Obedience to Authority in the Alleged Anti-Revolutionary Writings, Journal of Philosophical Research 17 (1992), 383-426. C. M. Korsgaard, Taking the Law into Our Own Hands: Kant on the Right of Revolution, in, A. Reath, B. Herman and C. Korsgaard, (eds), Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for John Rawls (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 297-328. K. Flikschuh, Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 36 (2008), 375-404. P. P. Nicholson, Kant, Revolutions and History, in H. Williams (ed), Essays on Kants Political Philosophy, (Cardiff, 1992), pp. 249-68. W. Kersting, The Civil Constitution in Every State Shall Be a Republican One in K. Ameriks and O. Hffe, Kants Moral and Legal Philosophy (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 246-264. J. C. Laursen, The Subversive Kant: The Vocabulary of Public and Publicity, Political Theory, 14 (1986), 584-603 J. Habermas, Kants Idea of Perpetual Peace, with the Benefit of Two Hundred Years Hindsight in J. Bohman and M. Lutz-Bachmann, Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kants Cosmopolitan Ideal (Cambridge, MA, 1997), pp. 113-154. P. Kleingeld, Kantian Patriotism, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 29 (2000), 313341.

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A8. BENTHAM Set Texts: A Fragment of Government (1776), ed. R. Harrison (Cambridge, 1988) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), eds. J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart, (Oxford, 1996), Preface, Chs 1-5, 14-15, 17, Concluding Note Nonsense upon Stilts or Pandoras Box Opened (c. 1795, published 1816), in P. Schofield et al (eds), Rights, Representation and Reform. The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Political Writings (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002), pp. 317-401.

Suggested secondary reading: R. Harrison, Bentham, (London, 1983) J. Dinwiddy, Bentham, (Oxford, 1989) J. Waldron, Nonsense upon Stilts: Bentham, Burke and Marx on the Rights of Man, (London, 1987) E. Halvy, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism, M. Morris ed., (London, 1928) P. Schofield, Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, (Oxford 2006) F. Rosen, Jeremy Bentham and Representative Democracy: A Study of the Constitutional Code, (Oxford, 1983) L. J. Hume, Bentham and Bureaucracy, (Cambridge, 1981) D. Lyons, In the Interest of the Governed: A Study in Benthams Philosophy of Law, (Oxford, 1973) P. J. Kelly, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law, (Oxford, 1990) J.H. Burns, Bentham and Blackstone: A Lifetimes Dialectic, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 22-40 J. H. Burns, Benthams Critique of Political Fallacies, in B. Parekh (ed), Jeremy Bentham: Ten Critical Essays, (London, 1974) S. Darwall, Hume and the Invention of Utilitarianism in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright (eds), Hume and Humes Connexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 58-82. F. Rosen, The Origins of Liberal Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham and Liberty, in R. Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought and Practice, (London, 1990), pp. 58-70. P. J. Kelly, Classical Utilitarianism and the Concept of Freedom: A Response to the Republican Critique, Journal of Political Ideologies 6 (2001), 13-31. J. A. W. Gunn, Jeremy Bentham and the Public Interest, in J. Lively and A. Reeve (eds), Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates, (London, 1989), pp. 199-219. H. L. A. Hart, Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill, in Hart, Essays on Bentham: Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104. R. Shackleton, The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number: The History of Benthams Phrase, in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and on the Enlightenment, (eds) D. Gilson and M. Smith, (Oxford, 1988), pp. 375-90. W. Thomas, Bentham and His Circle, in Thomas, The Philosophic Radicals: Nine Studies in Theory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), 15-45. R. Whatmore, Etienne Dumont, the British Constitution, and the French Revolution, Historical Journal, 50 (2007), 23-47.

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D. Lieberman, Economy and Polity in Benthams Science of Legislation, in S. Collini, R. Whatmore and B. Young (eds), Economy, Polity and Society: British Intellectual History 1750-1950, (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 107-134. D. Wootton, Introduction. The Republican Tradition: From Commonwealth to Common Sense, in Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776, (Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 1-41.

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A9. CONSTANT Set Text: Political Writings, ed. B. Fontana, (Cambridge, 1988) Suggested secondary reading: G. de Stal, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, ed. A. Craiutu (Indianapolis IN, 2008) A. Jainchill, Reimagining Politics After the Terror: The Republican Origins of French Liberalism (Ithaca NY, 2008) S. Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism, (New Haven CT, 1984) G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism, (Cambridge, 1992) G. Dodge, Benjamin Constants Philosophy of Liberalism: A Study in Politics and Religion, (Chapel Hill NC, 1980) C. B. Welch, Liberty and Utility: The French Ideologues and the Transformation of Liberalism, (New York, 1984) B Fontana, Benjamin Constant and the Post-Revolutionary Mind (New Haven CT, 1991) H. Rosenblatt, Liberal Values: Benjamin Constant and the Politics of Religion (Cambridge, 2008) F. Furet, French Historians and the Reconstruction of the Republican Tradition, 18001848, in B. Fontana (ed), The Invention of the Modern Republic, (Cambridge, 1994), 173-91 S. Holmes, The Liberty to Denounce: Ancient and Modern, in H. Rosenblatt (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Constant, (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 47-68. B. Garsten, Constant on the Religious Spirit of Liberalism, in Rosenblatt (ed), Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Constant, 286-312. J. Pitts, Constants Thought on Slavery and Empire, in Rosenblatt (ed), Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Constant, pp. 115-145. Jeremy Jennings, Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexis de Tocqueville, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011) L. Siedentop, Two Liberal Traditions, in A. Ryan ed., The Idea of Freedom, (Oxford, 1979), 153-74. G. Cubitt, Revolution, Reaction, Restoration: The Meanings and Uses of SeventeenthCentury English History in the Political Thinking of Benjamin Constant, c.1797-1830, European Review of History; 14 (2007), 21-47. B. Garsten, Religion and the Case against Ancient Liberty: Benjamin Constants Other Lectures Political Theory 38 (2010), 4-33. A. Pitt, The Religion of the Moderns: Freedom and Authenticity in Constants De la Religion, History of Political Thought, 21 (2000), 67-87 K. S. Vincent, Benjamin Constant, the French Revolution, and the Origins of French Romantic Liberalism French Historical Studies 23 (2000), 607-637 R. Whatmore, The Politics of Political Economy from Rousseau to Constant, in M. Bevir and F. Trentman (eds), Markets in Historical Contexts. Ideas and Politics in the Modern World (Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 46-69.

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A10. HEGEL Set Texts: Elements of the Philosophy of Right, ed. A. Wood (Cambridge, 1991) Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction, Reason in History, ed. D. Forbes (Cambridge, 1975) Hegel: Political Writings, ed. L. Dickey (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 6-101: The German Constitution, and 234-270: On the English Reform Bill. Suggested secondary reading: T. Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, (Cambridge, 2000) C. Beiser, Hegel (London, 2005) R. Plant, Hegel: An Introduction, (2nd edn., Oxford, 1983) L. Dickey, Hegel: Religion, Economics and the Politics of Spirit 1770-1807, (Cambridge, 1987) A.W. Wood, Hegels Ethical Thought, (Cambridge, 1990) R. R. Williams, Hegels Ethics of Recognition (Berkeley CA, 1997), Part 2: Recognition in the Philosophy of Right, (Cambridge, MA, 2000) F. Neuhouser, Foundations of Hegels Social Theory: Actualizing Freedom (Cambridge MA, 2000) J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman ed., (Cambridge MA, 2000), Hegel, pp. 329-371. D. Knowles, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the Philosophy of Right (London, 2002) C .Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society, (Cambridge, 1979) S. Avineri, Hegels Theory of the Modern State, (Cambridge, 1972) E. Weil, Hegel and the State, trans. M.A. Cohen (Baltimore MD, 1998) J. McCarney, Hegel on History, (London, 2000), Part 2: The Course of History. M. Riedel, Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy (Cambridge, 1984) R. Geuss, Art and Theodicy, in Geuss, Morality, Culture and History: Essays on German Philosophy (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 78-115. R. Geuss, Outside Ethics, in Geuss, Outside Ethics (Princeton NJ, 2005), pp. 40-66. R. Pippin, Hegels Practical Philosophy: The Realization of Freedom, in K. Ameriks (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 180-99 J. Shklar, Hegels Phenomenology: An Elegy for Hellas, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed), Hegels Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 7389 K.-H. Ilting, The Structure of Hegels Philosophy of Right, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed), Hegels Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 90-110 K. Westphal, The Basic Context and Structure of Hegels Philosophy of Right, in F. C. Beiser (ed),The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 234-69. J. Waldron, Hegels Discussion of Property, in Waldron, The Right to Private Property, (Oxford, 1988), pp. 343-89

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G. Stedman Jones, Hegel and the Economics of Civil Society in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani (eds), Civil Society: History and Possibilities, (Cambridge, 2001) J. Habermas, Hegels Critique of the French Revolution and On Hegels Political Writings, in Habermas, Theory and Practice, J. Viertel trans., (London, 1974) pp. 121-41 and 170-94 L. Siep, The Aufhebung of Morality in Ethical Life, in L. S. Stepelevich and D. Lamb (eds), Hegels Philosophy of Action, (Atlantic Highlands NJ, 1983), pp. 137-56 M. J. Inwood, Hegel, Plato and Greek Sittlichkeit, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 40-54 C.J. Nederman, Hegel on the Medieval Foundations of the Modern State, in Nederman, Lineages of European Political Thought: Explorations along the Medieval/Modern Divide from John of Salisbury to Hegel (Washington D.C., 2009), pp. 323-342. Z.A. Pelczynski, Political Community and Individual Freedom in Hegels Philosophy of State, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 55-76 D. Henrich, Logical Form and Real Totality: The Authentic Conceptual Form of Hegels Concept of the State, in R. Pippin and O. Hffe (eds), Hegel on Ethics and Politics (Cambridge, 2004), pp. 241-267. L. Dickey, Hegel on Religion and Philosophy, in F. C. Beiser (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Hegel, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 301-47

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A11. TOCQUEVILLE Set Text: Democracy in America, eds H.C. Mansfield and D. Winthrop (Chicago, 2000) The Ancien Regime and the Revolution, ed. J. Elster (Cambridge 2011)

Suggested secondary reading: Tocqueville on America after 1840: Letters and Other Writings, eds. A. Craiutu and J. Jennings (Cambridge, 2009) The Tocqueville Reader: A Life in Letters and Politics, eds. O. Zunz and A. S. Kahan (Oxford, 2002) L. Siedentop, Tocqueville, (Oxford, 1994) C. Welch (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Tocqueville (Cambridge, 2006) H. Brogan, Alexis de Tocqueville: Prophet of Democracy in the Age of Revolution, A Biography (London, 2006) L. Damrosch, Tocquevilles Discovery of America (New York, 2010). C. B. Welch, De Tocqueville (Oxford, 2001) P. Manent, Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (Lanham MD, 1996). R. Swedberg, Tocquevilles Political Economy (Princeton NJ, 2009) J. Elster, Alexis de Tocqueville: The First Social Scientist (Cambridge, 2009) J. Elster, Consequences of Constitutional Choice: Reflections on Tocqueville, in J. Elster and R. Slagstad (eds), Constitutionalism and Democracy, (Cambridge, 1988), 81-102. S. Wolin, Tocqueville Between Two Worlds (Princeton NJ, 2001) P. A. Rahe, Soft Despotism, Democracys Drift: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville and the Modern Prospect (New Haven CT, 2009), Book 3 The Democratic Republic Reconsidered. G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism, (Cambridge, 1992) Jeremy Jennings, Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexis de Tocqueville, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011) J. Greenaway, Burke and Tocqueville on Conservatism, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross (eds), A Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), 179- 204 H. Mitchell, The Changing Conditions of Freedom: Tocqueville in the Light of Rousseau, History of Political Thought 9 (1988), 431-453. H. Mitchell, Alexis de Tocqueville and the Legacy of the French Revolution, in F. Fehr (ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (Berkeley CA, 1990), 240-63. A. Craiutu, Tocqueville and the Political Thought of the Doctrinaires, History of Political Thought 20 (1999). M. Richter, Tocqueville and Guizot on Democracy: from a Type of Society to a Political Regime History of European Ideas, 30 (2004), 61-82. R. Boesche, The Strange Liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville, (Ithaca NY, 1987) R. Boesche, Why did Tocqueville think a successful revolution was impossible? in Liberty, Equality, Democracy, ed. E. Nolla. (New York, 1992), pp. 1-20. R. Boesche, Why Did Tocqueville Fear Abundance? Or the Tension Between Commerce and Citizenship, History of European Ideas, 9 (1988), 25-45.

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S. Kessler, Tocqueville's Puritans: Christianity and the American Founding, 54(1992) Journal of Politics, pp. 776-792 M. Drolet, Democracy and Political Economy: Tocqueville's Thoughts on J.-B. Say and T.R. Malthus, History of European Ideas, 29 (2003), 159-181. J. Pitts, Tocqueville and the Algeria Question, in Jennifer Pitts, A Turn to Empire (Princeton NJ, 2005), ch. 7. M. J. Mancini, Too Many Tocquevilles: The Fable of Tocqueville's American Reception Journal of the History of Ideas, 69 (2008), 245-268.

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A12. J. S. MILL Set Texts: On Liberty, and On the Subjection of Women, in On Liberty and Other Writings, ed. S. Collini (Cambridge, 1989) Considerations on Representative Government, in Mill, Utilitarianism; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government &c., ed. G. Williams., (London, 1993) Principles of Political Economy, Books IV Influence of the progress of society on production and distribution, and V On the influence of government, in Collected Works of J.S. Mill (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2006), Vols 2, 3; editions also available online at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlP.html Suggested secondary reading: R. Reeves, John Stuart Mill: Victorian Firebrand (London, 2007) J. Skorupski, John Stuart Mill, (London, 1991) J. J. M. Robson, The Improvement of Mankind: The Social and Political Thought of John Stuart Mill, (London, 1968) F. Rosen, Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (London, 2003) F. Rosen, From Jeremy Bentham's radical philosophy to J. S. Mill's philosophic radicalism, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2011) R. Harrison, John Stuart Mill, Mid-Victorian, in Stedman Jones & Claeys (eds), Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought. Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch. 4 J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (Cambridge MA, 2007), Lectures on Mill, pp. 251-316. R. Crisp, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism, (London, 1997) J. Riley, Mill on Liberty, (London, 1998) J. Gray and G. W. Smith, J. S. Mill on Liberty: In Focus, (London, 1991) A. Pyle ed., Liberty: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill, (Bristol, 1994) D.F. Thompson, John Stuart Mill and Representative Government, (Princeton NJ, 1976) N. Urbinati, Mill on Democracy: From the Athenian Polis to Representative Government (Chicago, 2002) N. Urbinati & A. Zakaras (eds.), J. S. Mills Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment (Cambridge, 2007) D. Winch, Wealth and Life: Essays on the Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 2009), Part 1 Mills Principles, pp. 27-88. F. Hayek, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor: Their Correspondence and Subsequent Marriage, (London, 1951) A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson, Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994) J.H. Burns, J. S. Mill and Democracy, 1829-61, in J. B. Schneewind (ed), Mill: A Collection of Critical Essays, (Notre Dame IN, 1968), pp. 280-328. J.H. Burns, The Light of Reason: Philosophical History in the Two Mills, in J. M. Robson and M. Laine (eds), James and John Stuart Mill: Papers of the Centenary Conference, (Toronto, 1976), pp. 3-20.

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S. Collini, The Tendencies of Things: John Stuart Mill and the Philosophic Method, in S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983), 127-60. S. Collini, Introduction, to John Stuart Mill, Essays on Equality, Law and Education, J. M. Robson ed., (Toronto, 1984) H. L. A. Hart, Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill, in Hart, Essays on Bentham: Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104. G.W. Smith, Freedom and Virtue in Politics: Some Aspects of Character, Circumstances and Utility from Helvetius to J. S. Mill, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 112-34. M. Mandelbaum, On Interpreting Mills Utilitariansm, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 6 (1968), 35-46 D. Edwards, Toleration and Mills Liberty of Thought and Discussion, in S. Mendus (ed), Justifying Toleration: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1988), 87114. S. Holmes, The Positive Constitutionalism of John Stuart Mill, in Holmes, Passion and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy, (Chicago, 1995), pp. 178-201. A. Millar, Mill on Religion, in J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 176-202. J.M. Robson, Civilisation and Culture as Moral Concepts, in Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, pp. 338-71. J. Riley, Mills Political Economy: Ricardian Science and Liberal Utilitarian Art, in Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, pp. 293-337. M.L. Shanley, The Subjection of Women, in Skorupski (ed), Cambridge Companion to Mill, pp. 396-422. A. Ryan, Two Concepts of Politics and Democracy: James and John Stuart Mill, in J. Lively and A. Reeve (eds), Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates, (London, 1989), pp. 220-37. L. Siedentop, Two Liberal Traditions, in A. Ryan (ed), The Idea of Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin, (Oxford, 1979), pp. 153-74. W. Thomas, John Stuart Mill and the Crisis of Benthamism, in Thomas, The Philosophic Radicals: Nine Studies in Theory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), pp. 147-205. R. Wollheim, Mill: The Ends of Life and the Preliminaries of Mortality, in T. Honderich ed., Philosophy Through its Past, (Harmondsworth, 1984), pp. 335-355 A. Valls, Self-Development and the Liberal State: The Cases of John Stuart Mill and Wilhelm von Humboldt, Review of Politics 61 (1999), 251-274. J. Riley, J. S. Mills Liberal Utilitarian Assessment of Capitalism versus Socialism, Utilitas, 8 (1996), 39-71. O. Kurer, J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232. D. E. Miller, Mills Socialism, Politics, Philosophy & Economics 2 (2003), 213-238. J. Medearis, Labor, Democracy, Utility and Mills Critique of Private Property, American Journal of Political Science 49 (2005), 135-149. J. Annas, Mill and the Subjection of Women, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94. D. Bell, John Stuart Mill on Colonies, Political Theory, 38 (2010), 34-64.

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A13. MARX Set Texts: The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London, 2002) Marx: Early Political Writings, J. OMalley and R. A. Davis eds (Cambridge, 1994) Marx: Later Political Writings, ed. T. Carver (Cambridge, 1996) Capital; A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. I, ed. B. Fowkes (Harmondsworth, 1976) Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation Marx-Zasulich correspondence in T. Shanin ed., Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the Peripheries of Capitalism (London, 1983) also available in Karl Marx: Selected Writings, e. D. McClellan, 2nd edition (Oxford, 2000).

Suggested secondary reading: F. Wheen, Karl Marx: A Life (London, 1999) T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London, 2009) G. Stedman Jones, Introduction to The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London, 2002) L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978) J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (Cambridge MA, 2007), Lectures on Marx, pp. 319-372. S. S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought, expanded edn., (Princeton NJ, 2004), chapter 12 Marx: Theorist of the Political Economy of the Proletariat or of Uncollapsed Capitalism?, pp. 406-453. D. Leopold, The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing (Cambridge, 2007) J. Elster, An Introduction to Karl Marx, (Cambridge, 1986) J. Elster, Further Thoughts on Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory, in Roemer (ed), Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 202-220. J. Elster, Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory: The Case for Methodological Individualism, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989), pp. 48-87 G.A. Cohen, Karl Marxs Theory of History: A Defence, (London, 1979) G.A. Cohen, Forces and Relations of Production and Marxism and Functional Explanation in J. Roemer (ed), Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 11-22 and 221234. G.A. Cohen, A Reply to Elster, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989), pp. 88-104. A. Heller, The Theory of Need in Marx, (London, 1976) P. J. Kain, Marx and Ethics, (Oxford, 1988) J. Maguire, Marxs Theory of Politics, (Cambridge, 1978) R. Miller, Analyzing Marx: Morality, Power and History, (Princeton NJ, 1984) M. Musto ed, Karl Marx's Grundrisse : Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy 150 Years Later (London; 2008) R. Bellofiore and R. Fineschi eds, Re-reading Marx: New Perspectives After the Critical Edition (Basingstoke, 2009) D.R. Kelley, The Metaphysics of Law: An Essay on the Very Young Marx, American Historical Review, 83 (1978), 350-67.

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D.R. Kelley, The Science of Anthropology: An Essay on the Very Old Marx, Journal of the History of Ideas, 45 (1984), 245-62. S. Lukes, Marxism and Morality, (Oxford, 1987) W. J. Booth, Gone Fishing: Making Sense of Marxs Concept of Communism, Political Theory, 17 (1989), 205-222. T. Carver, Communism for Critical Critics? The German Ideology and the Problem of Technology, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 129-136. D. Gregory, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3, Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-193. N. Levine, The German Historical School of Law and the Origins of Historical Materialism, Journal of the History of Ideas, 48 (1987), 431-451. J. Fracchia, Marx's Aufhebung of Philosophy and the Foundations of a Materialist Science of History History and Theory, 30 (1991), 153-179. Z. A. Pelczynski, Nation, Civil Society, State: Hegelian Sources of the Marxian Non-Theory of Nationality, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), 262-278. G. Wada, Marx and Revolutionary Russia, in T. Shanin (ed), Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the Peripheries of Capitalism, (London, 1983), 40-75. G. Stedman Jones, Radicalism and the Extra-European World: the Case of Marx in D. Bell ed., Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in Nineteenth Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2008), pp. 186-214 G. Reuten, Karl Marx: His Work and the Major Changes of Interpretation, inW. J. Samuels, J. E. Biddle and J.B. Davis (eds), A Companion to the History of Economic Thought (Oxford, 2007), pp. 148-166. A. Roncaglia, Karl Marx, in Roncaglia, The Wealth of Ideas: A History of Economic Thought (Cambridge, 2005), pp. 244-277.

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B14. NATURAL LAW AND HISTORY

Suggested primary reading: Christian Thomasius, On the History of Natural Law until Grotius (1707), in Essays on Church, State and Politics, ed. I. Hunter, T. Ahnert and F. Grunert (Indianapolis, 2007), pp. 1-48 Francis Hutcheson, On the Natural Sociability of Mankind, Inaugural Oration (1730), in Francis Hutcheson, Logic, Metaphysics and the Natural Sociability of Mankind, ed. James Moore (Indianapolis, 2006), pp. 189-216 Giambattista Vico, The New Science (1744), transl. and ed. T.H. Bergin and M.H. Fisch (Cornell, 1984), Idea of the Work, Books I, IV-V, Conclusion

Suggested secondary reading: Richard Tuck, The modern theory of Natural Law, in A. Pagden (ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1987), 99-122 Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), Part III: Natural Jurisprudence and the Science of Legislation, including: 9. Knud Haakonssen, German Natural Law 10. James Moore, Natural Rights and the Scottish Enlightenment 12. Patrick Riley, Social Contract Theory and its Critics More particularly, on Natural Law in Germany: T.J. Hochstrasser, Natural Law Theories in the Early Enlightenment (Cambridge, 2000) Ian Hunter, Rival Enlightenments. Civil and Metaphysical Philosophy in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge, 2001) Ian Hunter, The Secularisation of the Confessional State. The Political Thought of Christian Thomasius (Cambridge, 2011) On Natural Law in Scotland: Knud Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy. From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge, 1996), esp. Chs 1: Natural Law in the seventeenth century, 2: Natural Law and moral realism: Francis Hutcheson and George Turnbull Knud Haakonssen, Natural Jurisprudence and the identity of the Scottish Enlightenment, in R. Savage (ed), Philosophy and Religion in Enlightenment Britain. New Case Studies (Oxford, 2012), 258-278 James Moore, The two systems of Francis Hutcheson: on the origins of the Scottish Enlightenment, in M.A. Stewart (ed), Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment (Oxford, 1990), 37-60. James Moore, Hume and Hutcheson, in M.A. Stewart and J.P. Wright (eds), Hume and Humes Connexions (Edinburgh, 1994), 23-57 Pauline C. Westerman, Hume and the natural Lawyers: a change of landscape, also in Stewart and Wright (eds), Hume and Humes Connexions, 83-104 James Harris, Hume on the moral obligation to justice, Hume Studies, 36 (2010), 25-50.

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On Vicos response to Natural Law: J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge, 2005), chapter 5, Vico after Bayle, pp. 201-255. D. R. Kelley, Vicos Road: From Philology to Jurisprudence and Back, in G. Tagliacozzo and D. O. Verene eds., Giambattista Vicos Science of Humanity, Baltimore, 1976), 15-29 D. Faucci, Vico and Grotius: Jurisconsults of Mankind, in G. Tagliacozzo and H. V. White eds., Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium, (Baltimore MD, 1969), pp. 61-76 C. t Hart, Hugo de Groot and Giambattista Vico, Netherlands International Law Review, 30 (1983), 5-41 J. C. Morrison, Vicos Doctrine of the Natural Law of the Gentes, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 16 (1978), 47-60 J. C. Morrison, How to Interpret the Idea of Divine Providence in Vicos New Science, Philosophy and Rhetoric 12 (1979), 256-261 Also: Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace. Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford, 1999) Christopher Brooke, Philosophic Pride. Stoicism and Political Thought from Lipsius to Rousseau (Princeton, 2012), esp, chs 6-8.

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B15. LUXURY AND COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

Suggested primary reading: Fnelon, Telemachus (1699), ed. P. Riley,(Cambridge, 1994) Bks I-III, VII, X, XIV, XVIIXVIII Bernard Mandeville, Fable of the Bees (1723), ed. F.B. Kaye, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924; repr. Indianapolis, 1988), Volume I Jean-Franois Melon, A Political Essay upon Commerce, transl. David Bindon (Dublin, 1738, repr. 1739), Chs 1-9, 15-18 (available on Eighteenth-Century Collections Online) Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767), ed. F. Oz-Salzberger (Cambridge, 1995), or ed. Duncan Forbes (Edinburgh, 1966) Suggested secondary reading: The Luxury Debate and political economy: I. Hont, The Early Enlightenment Debate on Commerce and Luxury, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418. I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), Introduction pp. 1-156, and chapters 1, 2, 5 and 6. A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph, (Princeton NJ, 1977) A. O. Hirschman, Rival Views of Market Society, in Hirschman, Rival Views of Market Society and other Recent Essays, (New York, 1986), 105-41 Paul Slack, Material progress and the challenge of affluence in seventeenth-century England, Economic History Review, 62 (2009), pp. 576-603 J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapters 12-14 J. G. A. Pocock, Virtues, Rights and Manners: A Model for Historians of Political Thought, in Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), 37-50 J. G. A. Pocock, Perceptions of Modernity in Early Modern Historical Thinking, Intellectual History Review 17 (2007), 79-92. J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge, 2003), chapter 16, pp. 372-416. D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain 1750-1834, (Cambridge, 1996), Part I, 57-89 On Mandeville: T. A. Horne, The Social Thought of Bernard Mandeville: Virtue and Commerce in Early Eighteenth Century England, (London, 1978), Chapter 3. E. J. Hundert, The Enlightenment's Fable (Cambridge, 1994) E. J. Hundert, Bernard Mandeville and the Enlightenments Maxims of Modernity, Journal of the History of Ideas, 56 (1994), 57793 John Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment. Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge, 2005), pp. 261-280.

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The French debate: D. van Kley, Pierre Nicole, Jansenism, and the Morality of Enlightened Self Interest in A. C. Kors and P. J. Korshin, (eds), Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France, and Germany, (Philadelphia PA, 1987), pp. 69-85. N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), Parts III and IV L. Rothkrug, Opposition to Louis XIV. The Political and Social Origins of the French Enlightenment (Princeton, 1965) M. Sonenscher, Property, Community and Citizenship, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 465496. H. C. Clark, Compass of Society: Commerce and Absolutism in Old Regime France (Lanham MD, 2007), chapters 2-8. J. Shovlin, The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of the French Revolution (Ithaca NY, 2006) The Italian debate: J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge, 2005), chapter 7, The Advent of Enlightenment: Political Economy in Naples and Scotland 1730-1760, pp. 325-376. Till Wahnbaeck, Luxury and Public Happiness. Political Economy in the Italian Enlightenment (Oxford, 2004) On Ferguson: Iain McDaniel, Adam Ferguson in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Roman Past and Europes Future (Harvard, MA, 2013) I. McDaniel, Ferguson, Roman History and the Threat of Military Government in Modern Europe, in E. Heath and V. Merolle (eds), Adam Ferguson: History, Progress and Human Nature (London, 2007), pp. 115-130. I. McDaniel, Philosophical History and the Science of Man in Scotland: Adam Fergusons Critique of Rousseaus Second Discourse, Modern Intellectual History (forthcoming: November 2013) D. Kettler, History and Theory in Fergusons Essay on the History of Civil Society, Political Theory, 5 (1977), 437-60 R. B. Sher, From Troglodytes to Americans: Montesquieu and the Scottish Enlightenment on Liberty, Virtue, and Commerce, in David Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776, (Stanford CA, 1994), 368-402. R. B. Sher, Adam Ferguson, Adam Smith, and the Problem of National Defense Journal of Modern History 61 (1989), 240-68. E. Heath, Ferguson on the Unintended Emergence of Social Order, in E. Heath and V. Merolle (eds), Adam Ferguson: Philosophy, Politics and Society (London, 2009), pp. 155168. C. Finlay, Rhetoric and Citizenship in Adam Fergusons Essay on the History of Civil Society, History of Political Thought, 27:1 (2006), 27-49 G .L. McDowell, Commerce, Virtue and Politics: Adam Fergusons Constitutionalism, Review of Politics, 45 (1983), 36-52.

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R. Hamowy, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and the Division of Labour, Economica, n.s. 35 (1968), 244-259. R. Hamowy, Scottish Thought and the American Revolution: Adam Fergusons Response to Richard Price, in D. Womersley (ed), Liberty and the American Experience in the Eighteenth Century (Indianapolis IN, 2006), pp. 348-387. J. Viner, The Intellectual History of Laissez Faire, in Viner, Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics, D. A. Irwin ed., (Princeton NJ, 1991), pp. 200-25 F.A Hayek, The Results of Human Actions But Not of Human Design, in Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, (London, 1967).

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B16. POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Suggested primary reading: John Adams, A Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law (1765), Thoughts on Government (1776), in John P. Diggins, ed., The Portable John Adams (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2004), 20941 Thomas Jefferson, A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774), in Jefferson: Political Writings, ed. Joyce Appleby and Terence Ball (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 63-80, or in Merrill D. Peterson, ed., Thomas Jefferson: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1984), 10322 Thomas Paine, Common Sense, ed. Isaac Kramnick (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976) Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 Reported by James Madison, introd. by Adrienne Koch (1966: New York: W. W. Norton, 1969) J. R. Pole, ed., The American Constitution - For and Against: The Federalist and AntiFederalist Papers (New York: Hill and Wang, 1987) Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions (1765), Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress (1774), Mecklenberg County Resolutions (1775), Declaration of Independence (1776), Virginia Bill of Rights (1776), Articles of Confederation (177781), Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty (1786), Virginia Plan (1787), New Jersey Plan (1787), Hamiltons Plan of Union (1787), Constitution of the United States (1787), in Henry Steele Commager, ed., Documents of American History, seventh ed. (New York: Appleton CenturyCrofts, 1963), 1: 5556, 8284, 98104, 11116, 12526, 13449 Supplementary primary reading: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers, ed. Isaac Kramnick (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987) [and in many other editions] John Adams, Defence of the Constitutions of the United States of America (1787), Discourses on Davila (1790), in John P. Diggins, ed., The Portable John Adams (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2004), 289394 B. Bailyn (ed), The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle over Ratification, 2 vols. (New York: Library of America, 1992) Charles S. Hyneman and Donald S. Lutz, eds., American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 17601805, 2 vols. (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Press, 1983) Jack Rakove (ed), James Madison: Writings (New York: Library of American, 1999) Suggested secondary reading: Douglass Adair, That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science: David Hume, James Madison, and the Tenth Federalist, in H. Trevor Colbourn, ed., Fame and the Founding Fathers: Essays of Douglass Adair (Indiananapolis, IN: Liberty Press, 1998), 13251 Joyce Appleby, What is Still American in the Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson?, William and Mary Quarterly 39 (April 1982): 287309 David Armitage, The Declaration of Independence: A Global History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007)

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Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1967) Terence Ball and J. G. A. Pocock, eds., Conceptual Change and the Constitution Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988) Lance Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Founding of the Federal Republic (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) Herman Belz, Ronald Hoffman and Peter Albert, eds., To Form a More Perfect Union: The Critical Ideas of the Constitution (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992) T. H. Breen, Ideology and Nationalism on the Eve of the American Revolution: Revisions Once More in Need of Revising, Journal of American History 84 (June 1997): 1339 Saul Cornell, Aristocracy Assailed: The Ideology of Backcountry AntiFederalism, Journal of American History 76:4 (1990): 114872 , The Other Federalists: AntiFederalism and the Dissenting Tradition in America, 17881828 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999) Steven Dworetz, The Unvarnished Doctrine: Locke, Liberalism, and the American Revolution (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990) John Dunn, The Politics of John Locke in England and America in the 18th century, in John Locke: Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 4580 Jack P. Greene, Negotiated Authorities: The Problem of Governance in the Extended Polities of the Early Modern Atlantic World in Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994), 124 Michael Grossberg and Christopher Tomlins, eds., The Cambridge History of Law in America: Volume 1: Early America (15801815) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 447554 Alfred H. Kelly et al, The American Constitution, Its Origins and Development (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991) Charles R. Kesler, ed., Saving the Revolution: The Federalist Papers and the American Founding (New York: Free Press, 1987) Isaac Kramnick, The Great National Discussion: The Discourse of Politics in 1787, William and Mary Quarterly 45 (January 1988): 332 Michael J. Lacey and K. Haakonssen, eds., Culture of Rights: The Bill of Rights in Philosophy, Politics, and Law, 17911991 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) Alison L. LaCroix, The Ideological Origins of American Federalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010) Frank Lambert, The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003) Bernard Manin, Checks, Balances and Boundaries: the Separation of Powers in the Constitutional Debate of 1787, in Biancamaria Fontana, ed., The Invention of the Modern Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 2762 Richard K. Matthews, If Men were Angels: James Madison and the Heartless Empire of Reason (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995) Edmund S. Morgan, Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (New York: W. W. Norton, 1988) Eric Nelson, The Greek Tradition in Republican Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 195233 Peter S. Onuf, Reflections on the Founding: Constitutional Historiography in Bicentennial Perspective, William and Mary Quarterly 46 (April 1989): 34175

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J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975), chap. 15 , 1776: The Revolution against Parliament, in J. G. A. Pocock, ed., Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688 and 1776 (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980), 26588 , Empire, State and Confederation: the War of American Independence as a Crisis in Multiple Monarchy, in John Robertson, ed., A Union for Empire: Political Thought and the Union of 1707 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 31848 , Political Thought in the EnglishSpeaking Atlantic 17601790, in J. G. A. Pocock, Gordon J. Schochet and Lois Schwoerer, eds., The Varieties of British Political Thought 15001800, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 246317 Jack Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the American Constitution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996) Eric Slauter, The State as a Work of Art: The Cultural Origins of the Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009) Darren Staloff, Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson: The Politics of Enlightenment and the American Founding (New York: Hill & Wang, 2005) David Waldstreicher, Slavery's Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification (New York: Hill & Wang, 2009) David Womersley, ed., Liberty and the American Experience in the Eighteenth Century (Indianapolis IN: Liberty Fund, , 2006) Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic 17761787 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969) , Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founders Different (New York: Penguin, 2006) , The American Revolution, in Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler, eds., The Cambridge History of EighteenthCentury Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), chap. 21 Craig Yirush, Settlers, Liberty, and Empire: The Roots of Early American Political Theory, 16751775 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011) Forum: The Madisonian Moment, William and Mary Quarterly 59 (October 2002): 865 956

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B17. POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Suggested primary reading: Sieys, Political Writings, ed M. Sonenscher (Indianapolis, 2003) Condorcet, Political Writings, ed. S. Lukes and N. Urbinati (Cambridge, 2012) Saint-Just, Robespierre, Speeches, in K.M. Baker (ed.), The Old Regime and the French Revolution: Readings in Western Civilisation (Chicago, 1987), pp. 304-7 (Saint-Just), 368-84 (Robespierre); also in M. Walzer (ed), Regicide and Revolution: Speeches at the Trial of Louis XVI (New York, 1992) (Saint-Just); R.T. Bienvenu (ed) The Ninth of Thermidor: the fall of Robespierre (New York, 1968), pp. 32-49 (Robespierre) Paine, The Rights of Man, ed. G. Claeys (Indianapolis, 1992) Suggested secondary reading: G. de Stal, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, ed. A. Craiutu (Indianapolis IN, 2008) I. Hont, The Permanent Crisis of a Divided Mankind: Nation-State and Nationalism in Historical Perspective, in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), pp. 447-528 M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution (Princeton, 2007), chapters 3-4. M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution (Princeton NJ, 2008) chapters 4-6. M. Sonenscher, The Nations Debt and the Birth of the Modern Republic: The French Fiscal Deficit and the Politics of the Revolution of 1789, History of Political Thought, 18 (1997), 64-103 M. Sonenscher, Republicanism, State Finances and the Emergence of Commercial Society in Eighteenth-Century Franceor from Royal to Ancient Republicanism, and Back in M. van Gelderen and Q. Skinner, (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, (2 vols., Cambridge, 2002); vol. 2, pp. 275-291 F. Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution, (Cambridge, 1981) F. Furet, The French Revolution 1770-1814, (Oxford, 1996), chs 1-3. F. Furet, The French Revolution or Pure Democracy, in C. Lucas (ed), Rewriting the French Revolution, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 33-45. F. Furet, Rousseau and the French Revolution, in C. Orwin and N. Tarcov (eds), The Legacy of Rousseau, (Chicago, 1997), pp. 168-82. K. M. Baker, Fixing the French Constitution, in K. M. Baker, Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 252-305 K. M. Baker, The Idea of a Declaration of Rights, in D. van Kley (ed), The French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789, (Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 154-96 K. M. Baker, Political Languages of the French Revolution in Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch.22 J. Shovlin, The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of the French Revolution (Ithaca NY, 2006), chapters 5-6.

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H. C. Clark, Compass of Society: Commerce and Absolutism in Old Regime France (Lanham MD, 2007), chapters 8-10. P. Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce: Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapters 6-7. K.M. Baker, Condorcet: from natural philosophy to social mathematics (Chicago, 1975) R. Whatmore, Against War & Empire. Geneva, Britain and France in the Eighteenth Century (New Haven and London, 2012), chs. 1, 3, 6, 7 Dale van Kley, The Religious Origins of the French Revolution (New Haven and London, 1999) B. Manin, The Principles of Representative Government, (Cambridge, 1997) A. Jainchill, Reimagining Politics after the Terror: The Republican Origins of French Liberalism (Ithaca NY, 2008) T. C. M. Blanning, The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars, (London, 1986) L. Jaume, Citizen and State under the French Revolution, in Q. Skinner and B. Strath (eds), States and Citizens (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 13144 M. Forsyth, Emmanuel Siyes: What is the Third Estate?, in M. Forsyth, M. KeensSoper and J. Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill, (Oxford, 1993), 44-75 C. Jones, The Framework of Government, in Jones, The Longman Companion to the French Revolution, (London, 1988), pp. 60-74 T. Skocpol and M. Kestenbaum, Mars Unshackled: The French Revolution in WorldHistorical Perspective, in F. Fehr (ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (Berkeley CA, 1990), pp. 13-29.

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B18. CULTURE AND AESTHETIC POLITICS IN GERMANY 1770-1800

Suggested primary reading: J.G. Herder, Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings, ed. I. D. Evrigenis and D. Pellerin (Indianapolis, 2004) W. von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action, ed. J. W. Burrow (Indianapolis, 1993) J.G. Fichte, Some Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation, in Early Philosophical Writings, ed. D. Breazeale (Ithaca, 1993), 144-84 F. Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man: in a Series of Letters, ed. E. M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby (Oxford, 1967) The Early Political Writings of the German Romantics, ed. F.C. Beiser (Cambridge 1996), esp. 1-7, 59-81, 123-41. Suggested secondary reading: K. Ameriks ed., The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism, (Cambridge, 2000) F. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern German Political Thought 1790-1800 (Cambridge MA, 1992) F. C. Beiser, The Romantic Imperative: The Concept of Early German Romanticism (Cambridge, MA, 2003) I. Berlin, The Counter-Enlightenment, in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, (London, 1981), 1-24 R. E. Norton, The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment, Journal of the History of Ideas 68 (2007), 635-58 G. Iggers, The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of Historical Thought from Herder to the Present, (2nd edn., Middletown CT, 1983) G. N. Izenberg, Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution and the Origins of Modern Selfhood, 1787-1802, (Princeton NJ, 1992), parts I-II G. A. Kelly, Idealism, Politics and History: Sources of Hegelian Thought (London, 1969) L. Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom: History of a Political Tradition (Boston MA, 1957) F. Meinecke, The Age of German Liberation, 1795-1815, ed. P. Paret (Berkeley CA, 1977) D. Moggach, Freedom and Perfection: German Debates on the State in the Eighteenth Century, Canadian Journal of Political Science 42 (2009): 1003-23. H. C. Reiss (ed), The Political Thought of the German Romantics, 1793-1815, (Oxford, 1955) D. Van Engelhardt, Romanticism in Germany, in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), Romanticism in National Context, (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 109-33. R. Velkley, The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilisation in Rousseau and German Philosophy, in C. Orwin and N. Tarcov eds., The Legacy of Rousseau, (Chicago, 1997), 65-86 B. Yack, The Longing for Total Revolution: Philosophic Sources of Social Discontent from Rousseau to Marx and Nietzche (Princeton NJ, 1986), chap. 3 and 4 On Herder: F.M. Barnard, Herder's Social and Political Thought. From Enlightenment to Nationalism (Oxford: 1965). F.C. Beiser, The German Historicist Tradition (Oxford, 2011), chap. 3 and 4

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F. Meinecke, Herder, in Meinecke, Historism: The Rise of a New Historical Outlook, J.E. Anderson ed., (London, 1972), pp. 295372 Anthony J. La Vopa, Herders Publikum: Language, Print and Sociability in EighteenthCentury Germany, Eighteenth-Century Studies 29 (1995), 5-24 S. Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, 2003), chap. 6 On Humboldt: D. Sorkin, Wilhelm von Humboldt: The Theory and Practice of Self-Formation (Bildung), 1791-1810, Journal of the History of Ideas 44 (1983): 55-73 U. Vogel, Liberty is Beautiful: von Humboldts Gift to Liberalism, History of Political Thought, 3 (1982), 77-101. On Fichte: A. J. La Vopa, The Revelatory Moment: Fichte and the French Revolution, Central European History 22 (1989): 130-59. A. J. La Vopa, Fichte, The Self and the Calling of Philosophy, 1762-1799, (Cambridge, 2001). I. Nakhimovsky, The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and Commercial Society from Rousseau to Fichte (Princeton, 2011) C. Pich, The Place of Aesthetics in Fichtes Early System, in New Essays on Fichte's Later Jena Wissenschaftslehre ed. D. Breazeale and T. Rockmore (Evanston, 2002), 299-316 On Schiller: F. C. Beiser, Schiller as Philosopher: A Re-Examination (Oxford, 2005) G. A. Craig, Friedrich Schiller and the Problems of Power, in L. Krieger and F. Stern (eds), The Responsibility of Power, (London, 1968), pp. 125-44 J. Reed, Schiller, (Oxford, 1991) H. Reiss, The Concept of the Aesthetic State in the Work of Schiller and Novalis Publications of the English Goethe Society 26 (1956), 26-51 A. Schmidt, The Liberty of the Ancients? Friedrich Schiller and Aesthetic Republicanism, History of Political Thought, 30 (2009), 286-314

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B19. GENDER AND POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES

Suggested primary reading: Astell, Political Writings, ed. P. Springborg (Cambridge 1996) O. de Gouges, The Declaration of the Rights of Women, in D. G. Levy, H. B. Applewhite, M. D. Johnson eds., Women in Revolutionary Paris: Selected Documents, (Urbana, 1979) pp. 87-96 W. Thompson and A. Wheeler, Appeal of One-Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men &c., ed. M. Foot and M. M. Roberts (Bristol, 1994) J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women in Mill, On Liberty and other Writings, ed. S. Collini (Cambridge, 1989) A. Pyle ed., The Subjection of Women: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill (Bristol, 1995) J. J. Bachofen, Myth, Religion and Mother Right: Selected Writings of J. J. Bachofen, ed. R. Manheim (Princeton, 1967) F. Engels, The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State, ed. M. Barrett (Harmondsworth, 1972)

Suggested secondary reading: W. Kolbrener and M.Michelson (eds) Mary Astell: Gender, Reason, Faith (Aldershot, 2006), chapters. 1, 3, 5, 13. H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago IL, 2000) H. L. Smith ed., Women Writers and the Early Modern British Political Tradition, (Cambridge, 1998) J. Rendall, The Origins of Modern Feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States, 1780-1860, (London, 1985) S. R. Letwin, On the History of the Idea of Law, ed. Noel B. Reynolds, (Cambridge, 2005), ch.13. S. Stuurman, Francois Poulain de la Barre and the Invention of Modern Equality (Cambridge, MA, 2004) S. Knott and B. Taylor (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment (Basingstoke, 2005), Part 2, Sections 6, 8, 9 and 10. S. Tomaselli, The Enlightenment Debate on Women, History Workshop, 20 (1985), 101-24 K. OBrien, The Feminist Critique of Enlightenment, in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C. Knellwolf and I. McCalman eds., The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 621-634 K. OBrien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009) B. Applewhite and D. Gay Levy, Women and Politics in the Age of Democratic Revolution, (Ann Arbor MI, 1990) R. Keller, Patriotism and the Female Sex: Abigail Adams and the American Revolution, (Brooklyn NY, 1994) N. J. Hirschmann, Gender, Class & Freedom in Modern Political Theory (Princeton, 2008).

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B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, (London, 1983) L. Delap, The Woman Question and the origins of feminism, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011) C. G. Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, (Albany NY, 1984) C. G. Moses and L. W. Rabine eds., Feminism, Socialism and French Romanticism, (Bloomington IN, 1993) A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson (eds), Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994) M. Pugh, The March of the Women: A Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Womens Suffrage, 1866-1914, (Oxford, 2000) P. Davies, Myth, Matriarchy and Modernity: Johann Jakob Bachofen in German Culture, 18601945 (Berlin, 2010) T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London, 2009) J. Sayers, M. Evans and N. Redclift eds., Engels Revisited: New Feminist Essays, (London, 1987) L. Jordanova, Sex and Gender, in C. Fox, R. Porter and R. Wokler eds., Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth-Century Domains, (Berkeley CA, 1995), pp. 52-83 E. Chalus, That Epidemical Madness, in H. Barker and E. Chalus eds., Gender in Eighteenth-Century England: Roles, Representations, Responsibilities, (Harlow, 1997), pp. 151-78 E. Chalus, My Minerva at My Elbow: The Political Roles of Women in Eighteenth-Century England, in S. Taylor, R. Connors and C. Jones eds., Hanoverian Britain and Empire: Essays in Memory of Philip Lawson, (Woodbridge, 1998), pp. 210-28 A. Vickery, Golden Age to Separate Spheres? A Review of the Categories and Chronology of English Womens History, Historical Journal, 36 (1993), 383-414 M. Trouille, Eighteenth-Century Amazons of the Pen: Stphanie de Genlis and Olympe de Gouges, in R. Bonnel and C. Rubinger eds., Femmes Savantes et Femmes dEsprit: Women Intellectuals of the French Eighteenth Century, (New York, 1994), pp. 341-70 O. Hufton, Counter-Revolutionary Women, in P. Jones ed., The French Revolution in Social and Political Perspective, (London, 1996), pp. 285-307 J. Annas, Mill and The Subjection of Women, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94 M.L. Shanley, The Subjection of Women, in J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 396-422 M. L. Shanley, Marital Slavery and Friendship: John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women, Political Theory, 9 (1981), 229-47 T. Ball, Utilitarianism, Feminism and the Franchise, in Ball, Reappraising Political Theory: Revisionist Studies in the History of Political Thought, (Oxford, 1995), 178- 211 L. Gossmann, Basle, Bachofen and the Critique of Modernity in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes; 47 (1984), 136185 P. Davies, Myth and Materialism in the Work of Johann Jakob Bachofen, German Studies Review, 28 (2005), 501-518 A. T. Allen, Feminism, Social Science, and the Meanings of Modernity: the Debate on the Origin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860-1914, American Historical Review 104 (1999), 1085-1113.

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B20. SOCIALISM BEFORE 1848 Suggested primary reading: H. de Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976) C. Fourier, The Theory of the Four Movements, G. Stedman Jones and I. Patterson eds., (Cambridge, 1996) P.-J. Proudhon, What is Property?, D. R. Kelley and B. G. Smith eds., (Cambridge, 1994) R. Owen, A New View of Society and other Writings, G. Claeys ed., (Harmondsworth, 1991) F. Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific , in K. Marx and F. Engels, Collected Works, vol. 24, (London, 1988), pp. 281-325.

Suggested secondary reading: L. von Stein, The History of the Social Movement in France 1789-1850, ed. K. Mengelberg, (Totowa NJ, 1964) E. Durkheim, Socialism and Saint-Simon, A. W. Gouldner (ed), (London, 1959) L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978), chapter 10. G. Glaeys, Non-Marxian Socialism 1815-1914, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011) G. Claeys, Citizens and Saints: Politics and Anti-Politics in Early British Socialism, (Cambridge, 1989) J. C. Harrison, Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: The Quest for the New Moral World, (London, 1969) A. Taylor, Visions of Harmony: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Millenarianism (Oxford, 1987) B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, (London, 1983) N. Thompson, The Market and Its Critics: Socialist Political Economy in NineteenthCentury Britain (London, 1988) N. Thompson, The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850 (London, 1998) N. Thompson, The Peoples Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation and Crisis 1816-34 (Cambridge, 1984) W. H. Oliver, Owen in 1817: the Millenialist Moment, in S. Pollard and J. Salt (eds), Robert Owen: Prophet of the Poor, (London, 1971), pp. 166-88. G. Stedman Jones, Rethinking Chartism, in Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History 1832-1982, (Cambridge, 1983), 90-178 J. E. King, Utopian or scientific? A reconsideration of the Ricardian socialists History of Political Economy 15 (1983), 345-373. O. Kurer, J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232. P. Groenewegen, Thomas Carlyle, the Dismal Science and the Contemporary Political Economy of Slavery, History of Economics Review, 34 (2001), 74-94. F. E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956) F. E. Manuel, The Prophets of Paris, (Cambridge MA, 1962) D. R. Kelley, Historians and the Law in Postrevolutionary France, (Princeton NJ, 1984) J. Beecher, Victor Considerant and the Rise and Fall of French Romantic Socialism, (Berkeley CA, 2001)

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J. Beecher, Charles Fourier: The Visionary and his World, (London, 1986) R. L. Hoffman, Revolutionary Justice: The Social and Political Theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (Urbana IL, 1972) S. Vincent, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Rise of French Republicanism, (Oxford, 1984) E. Berenson, A New Religion of the Left: Christianity and Social Radicalism in France 1815-1848, in F. Furet and M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, (3 vols.,Oxford, 1989), pp. 543-60. K. M. Baker, Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte, in F. Furet and M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture Volume III: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, pp. 323-39. R. Wokler, Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science, in A. Pagden (ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38. L. Dickey, Saint-Simonian Industrialism as the End of History: August Czieskowski on the Teleology of Universal History, M. Bull (ed), Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of the World (Oxford, 1995) G. Stedman Jones, Saint Simon and the Liberal Origins of the Socialist Critique of Political Economy in La France et lAngleterre au XIXe sicle. changes, reprsentations, comparaisons, S. Aprile and F. Bensimon (eds), (Grne, 2006), pp. 2147. L. F. Goldstein, Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The SaintSimonians and Fourier, Journal of the History of Ideas, 43 (1982), 91-108. D. Gregory, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3, Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-93 D. Leopold, The Structure of Marx and Engels Considered Account of Utopian Socialism, History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 443-466. D. Leopold, Socialism and Utopia, Journal of Political Ideologies, 12 (2007), 219-237. M. Rubel, Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth Century, in M. Rubel and J. Crump (eds), Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, (Basingstoke, 1987), pp. 10-34. M. Malia, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism 1812-1855, (London, 1961)

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B21. NATIONALISM AND THE STATE

Suggested primary reading: J.G. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, ed. B. Kapossy, I. Nakhimovsky, and K. Tribe (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2013) G. Mazzini, A Cosmopolitanism of Nations: Giuseppe Mazzini's Writings on Democracy, Nation Building, and International Relations, S. Recchia & N. Urbinati eds. (Princeton, 2009) J.S. Mill. Of Nationality, Ch 16 of Considerations on Representative Government, ed. G. Williams (London, 1993) Lord Acton, Nationality, in The History of Freedom and other Essays, J. Figgis and R. Laurence eds., (London, 1922) J. C. Bluntschli, Nationality as a Principle in the Formation of States, in Bluntschi, The Theory of the State, (3rd edn., Oxford, 1901), pp. 97-108 E. Renan, What is a Nation?, in S. Woolf ed., Nationalism in Europe: 1815 to the Present: A Reader, (London, 1996)

Suggested secondary reading: I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), 'Introduction', pp. 1-156; and The Permanent Crisis of a Divide Mankind: Nation-State and Nationalism in Historical Perspective, pp. 447-528. H. Kohn, The Idea of Nationalism, (New York, 1944), Chapters 4-8. E. Kedourie, Nationalism, (New York, 1960), chapters 5-7 J. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, (2nd edn., Chicago, 1994), chapters 1-5. E. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1992) B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, (2nd edn., London, 1991) L. Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, (Cambridge MA, 1992) F. Meinecke, Cosmopolitanism and the National State, R. R. Kimber ed., (Princeton NJ, 1970), Book I. J. Hutchinson and A.D. Smith eds, Nationalism (Oxford, 1994) M. Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism, (Oxford, 1995) I. Nakhimovsky, The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and Commercial Society from Rousseau to Fichte (Princeton, 2011) C. A. Bayly and E. F. Biagini (eds.), Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic Nationalism, 1830-1920 (Oxford, 2008) S. Recchia & N. Urbinati, Giuseppe Mazzini's International Political Thought in Recchia and Urbinati (eds), A Cosmopolitanism of Nations, pp. 1-30 M. Teich and R. Porter eds., The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, (Cambridge, 1993)

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B22. EMPIRE AND CIVILISATION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL THOUGHT

Suggested primary reading: Benjamin Constant, The Spirit of Conquest, in Political Writings, ed B. Fontana (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 51-81 John Stuart Mill, Civilisation (1836), in Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed. John Robson, Vols XVIII (1977), pp. 117-147; On Liberty, Introduction, in On Liberty and Other Writings, ed S. Collini (Cambridge, 1989); Of the Government of Dependencies by a Free State, Ch 18 of Considerations of Representative Government (1861), ed. G. Williams (1993) Karl Marx, The British Rule in India, New York Daily Tribune (25th of June 1853), Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 12, p. 125: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/06/25.htm Karl Marx, The Future Results of the British Rule in India, New York Daily Tribune (8th August 1853), Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 12, p. 217 http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/07/22.htm Karl Marx, The Modern Theory of Colonization, ch. 33 of Capital, Vol. I, ed. B. Fowkes, (Harmondsworth, 1976): http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch33.htm J. R. Seeley, The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (1883), ed. John Gross (Chicago, 1971) Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, in Rereading Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History and Other Essays, ed. J. M. Faragher (New Haven, 1998) J.H. Muirhead, What Imperialism means (1900), in The British Idealists, ed. D. Boucher (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 237-52 J. A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (1902)

Suggested secondary reading: A. Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c. 1500-c.1800, (New Haven CT, 1995). D. Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge, 2000) D. Armitage, Empire and Liberty: A Republican Dilemma in M. van Gelderen and Q. Skinner (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage (2 vols., Cambridge, 2002), Vol. 1, pp. 29-46. S. Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire, (Princeton 2003) S. Muthu (ed.), Empire and Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 2012), esp. chs. 8-13 J. Pitts, A Turn to Empire: the Rise of Liberal Imperialism in Britain and France, (Princeton, 2005) J. Pitts, Liberalism and Empire in a Nineteenth-Century Algerian Mirror, Modern Intellectual History 6 (2009), 287-313. J. Pitts, Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism, Annual Review of Political Science, 13 (2010), 211-235; reprinted in Muthu, ed, Empire and Modern Political Thought. D. Kelly (ed), Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought (Oxford, 2009), esp. chs 1 and 5.

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D. Bell, Empire and Imperialism, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011) D. Bell, The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 1860-1900 (Princeton, 2007) D. Bell (ed.), Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in Nineteenth Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2008), esp. chs 6, 8, 9 and 10. D. Bell, John Stuart Mill on Colonies, Political Theory, 38 (2010), 34-64. G. Claeys, Imperial Sceptics: British Critics of Empire, 18501920 (Cambridge, 2010) K. Mantena, Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton, 2010) U. S. Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago, 1999) P. Kramer, Empires, Exceptions, and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and United States Empires, 1880-1910, Journal of American History 88/2 (2002), pp. 1315-53 A. Stephanson, Manifest Destiny: American Expansion and the Empire of Right (New York, 1996) J. Levy and I. M. Young (eds), Colonialism and its Legacies (Lanham, 2011), esp. chs. 2, 7, 8, 10, 12 M. Koskenniemi, The Gentle Civiliser of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law, 1870-1960 (Cambridge, 2004), esp. chs. 1 & 2 A. Fitzmaurice, Liberalism and Empire in Nineteenth Century International Law, American Historical Review, 117/1 (2012), pp 122-40 A. Anghie, Finding the Peripheries: Sovereignty and Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century International Law, Harvard International Law Journal, 40/1 (1999), pp. 1-80. A. Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism, 2nd ed. (London, 1990) P. J. Cain, Empire and the Languages of Character and Virtue in Later Victorian and Edwardian Britain, Modern Intellectual History, 4/2 (2007), pp. 249-73 J. Morefield, Covenants without Swords: Idealist Liberalism and the Spirit of Empire (Princeton, 2004) B. Bowden, The Ideal of Civilisation: Its Origins and Socio-Political Character, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 7/1 (2004), pp. 25-50 W. Cronon, Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner, Western Historical Quarterly 18/2 (1987), pp. 157-76.

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B23. SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL THOUGHT Suggested primary reading: H. Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976) A. Comte, The Crisis of Industrial Civilization: The Early Essays of Auguste Comte, R. Fletcher ed., (London, 1974) A. Comte, Introduction to Positive Philosophy, F. Ferr ed., (Indianapolis, 1988); also available in Comtes Early Political Writings, ed. H S Jones, (Cambridge 1998) J. S. Mill, Auguste Comte and Positivism, (Ann Arbor, 1968) E. Durkheim, The Division of Labour in Society, L. A. Coser ed., (New York, 1997)

Suggested secondary reading: J. Burrow, The Crisis of Reason: European Thought, 1848-1914, (New Haven CT, 2000) J. Burrow, Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory, (London, 1966) S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983) C.B. Welch, Social Science from the Revolution to Positivism, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2011) F.A. Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason, (London, c.1955), Part I R. Aron, Main Currents of Sociological Thought, 2 vols., (Harmondsworth, 1968-70) J. Heilbron, The Rise of Social Theory, (Cambridge, 1995), Parts 2 and 3. H. S. Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought, 1890-1930, (London, 1959) M. Mandelbaum, History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought, (Baltimore, 1971) F.E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956) A. Wernick, Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity: the Post-Theistic Programme of French Social Theory, (Cambridge 2005) M. Pickering, Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography. Vols. 1-3, (Cambridge, 19932010), especially Volume 2, chapters 6, 7, 9 and 10 E. Caird, The Social Philosophy and Religion of Comte, (Bristol, 1999) D. G. Charleton, Positivist Thought in France during the Second Empire, 1852-70, (Oxford, 1959) W.N. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century: An Essay in Intellectual History, (Ithaca NY, 1963) E. Evans-Pritchard, The Sociology of Comte: An Appreciation, (Manchester, 1970) L. Goldman, Science, Reform and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association 1857-1885, (Cambridge, 2002) K.M. Baker, Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte, in F. Furet and M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture Volume III: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, (Oxford, 1989), 323-39 G. Claeys, The Survival of the Fittest and the Origins of Social Darwinism, Journal of the History of Ideas, 61 (2000), 223-40

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S. Gordon, French Positivism and the Beginnings of Sociology, in Gordon, The History and Philosophy of Social Science, (London, 1991), 271-304 M. Drolet, Tocquevilles Interest in the Social: or How Statistics Informed his "New Science of Politics", History of European Ideas, 31 (2005), 451-471. R.Wokler, Ideology and the Origins of Social Science in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch. 24 R. Wokler, Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science, in A. Pagden (ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38 L.Raeder, John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002). R. Scharff, Comte after Positivism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). R. Vernon, Auguste Comte and the Withering-away of the State, Journal of the History of Ideas, 45, 1984, 54966. T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).

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