Rotary Heat Exchanger
Rotary Heat Exchanger
Rotary Heat Exchanger
Rotary heat exchanger for latent and sensible heat recovery Technical Handbook
3099 US 01.09
ABB
CONTENTS
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,4 Design Description Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5,6 The process in the psychrometric chart . . . . . . . . . . . . .7,8,9 Rotor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Selection of heat exchanger type and size . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Design chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Project design advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14,15,16,17 Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,18,19 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20,21 Dimensions and weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22,23 Ordering key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24,25 Sample specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26,27
ABB
Reduced cooling power demand (hygroscopic rotors) which reduces the size and thus also the investment cost for the refrigeration system (compressor, cooling tower, etc.), air coolers, pumps and pipes. Reduced energy consumption for refrigeration (hygroscopic rotors). General reduction in environmental pollutants.
ECONOVENT is a complete product range of rotary heat exchangers for air handling systems in various types of environments and plants. ECONOVENT is available with six different materials for the rotor, and the right material can therefore always be specified to suit most environments.
Reduced heat energy demand, which reduces the operating costs, i.e. the oil consumption or the conumption charge for electrical energy or heat from the district heating system. Reduced energy consumption for humidification (hygroscopic rotors) of the air, since moisture is also recovered.
Air flow, m3/h 2000 3000 1 4000 5000 2 10 000 3 4 20 000 5 30 000 10 50 000 20 100 000 30 150 000 40 50
0.2
Size
095 110 120 135 150 170 190 200 215
500
1000
2000
3000
4000 5000
10 000
20 000
30 000
50 000
100 000
ABB
Fig. 3. Inspection panel standard Delivery form in split version. Inspection panel, optional
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Inspection panel
Size bbb 060 080 095 110 120 135 150 170 190 200 215 240 265 290 320 350 380 420 460 500
standard
q q q q q q q q
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
ABB
Rotor material ALUMINUM ROTORS (A, C and E rotors) are nonhygroscopic, i.e. they recover only sensible heat, as long as condensation does not occur. ALUMINUM ROTORS (B and D rotors) are hygroscopic and recover both sensible heat and latent heat (on changing moisture content). COMPOSITE ROTORS (F) rotors are hygroscopic, i.e. they recover both sensible heat and latent heat. The composite material is incombustible and contains no metals, which means that the material cannot corrode. The material is treated with silica gel-based substances.
SURVEY OF ROTORS
Aluminum
Material
Property Non-hygroscopic
Application
Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - without moisture transfer. Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - with moisture transfer. Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - without moisture transfer in a corrosive environment. Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - with moisture transfer in a corrosive environment. Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - without moisture transfer in corrosive environment. Heating and cooling energy recovery in air handling systems - with moisture transfer in corrosive, city, marine and coastal environments.
B C D E
Aluminum
Edge-reinforced aluminum Edge-reinforced aluminum Epoxy-coated aluminum
Composite
Hygroscopic
1) Available for a max. temp. of 275F. Get in touch with Munters International Inc.
ABB
ABB
175
140
105
70
35
40%
60%
80%
20%
50
45
40
35
30
25
Chart 1 Non-hygroscopic rotors - type A, C and E In type A, C and E NON-HYGROSCOPIC rotors, only sensible heat exchange takes place as long as there is no condensation in the rotor. As soon as condensation occurs, the condensate will evaporate in the supply air. The graphic presentation of the process in the psychrometric chart when condensation takes place varies with the operating conditions and can therefore not be specified generally.
20
15
10
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
175
140
105
70
35
40%
60%
20%
80%
50
45
40
35
30
Chart 2 Hygroscopic rotors - type B, D and F In type B, D and F HYGROSCOPIC ROTORS, the moisture and temperature efficiencies at full speed are equal. As a result, the process in the psychrometric chart runs along the interconnecting line between the inlet conditions for the supply and exhaust air
20
15
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
ABB
Chart 3
11 50 80% 60% 175 45 40% 40 140 35 105 30 25 20% 70 20 15 10 5 0 12.0 0 10 20 30 12.5 40 50 13.0 60 70 13.5 80 90 14.0 100 14.5 35
3099 US 01.09
-20
-10
ABB
Chart 4
12 50 80% 60% 175 45 40% 40 140 35 105 30 25 20% 70 20 15 10 5 0 12.0 0 10 20 30 12.5 40 50 13.0 60 70 13.5 80 90 14.0 100 14.5 35
3099 US 01.09
-20
-10
ABB
Key to y markings Right choice = Rtt val = Satisfactory Godknd = recommended = Not Ej rekommenda
Rotor material Rotormaterial Rotor version Rotorutfrande Anvndningsomrde Application Non-hygroscopic Icke hygroskopisk (recovery of heat) (tervinning av vrme) Hygroscopic Hygroskopisk (recovery of heat moisture) (tervinning av + vrme + fukt)
PUMB PUMC
PUMD
PUME
Inland Inland
The procedure for calculating the temperature efficiency at different air flow rates is given in the design chart on page 16. If the rotor size and the supply and exhaust air flows are given, the temperature efficiency is independent of the conditions of the supply and exhaust air. A non-hygroscopic rotor recovers only heat as long as condensation does not occur in the rotor. There is no generally applicable formula for calculating the moisture content of the supply air downstream of the rotor when condensation takes place. If the rotor speed is reduced, the supply and exhaust air temperature efficiencies will decrease. This phenomenon is used for controlling the supply air temperature downstream of the heat exchanger. The temperature efficiency is the same for all rotor types at a given face velocity.
ABB
14
t4, x4, h4 q4
Temperature and moisture recovery The temperature efficiency t and the moisture efficiency x at different rotor speeds are shown in Chart 3. The chart is valid for normal changes in condition in climate systems and at an air velocity v = 3 m/s through the rotor.
Definitions: Efficiency Supply air temperature efficiency Supply air moisture efficiency Supply air enthalpy efficiency t -t tt = t2-t1 3 1 x2-x1 xt = x -x 3 1 h2-h1 ht = h3-h1 t -t tf = t3-t4 3 1 x3-x4 xf = x -x 3 1 h3-h4 hf = h3-h1
15
10 20 30 40 % % av of max. max.varvtal speed 50 60 70 80 90 100
Exhaust air temperature efficiency Exhaust air moisture efficiency Exhaust air enthalpy efficiency t = temperature (F) x = water content per lb of dry air (gr) h = enthalpy (Btu/lb)
A common feature of all hygroscopic aluminium rotors is that when the rotor speed is reduced, the moisture efficiency also drops below the temperature efficiency. However, with the ECONOVENT F rotor of composite material, the difference between the two efficiencies on a drop in speed is appreciably smaller.
15
ABB
50 40 30
100 000
50 000 20 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 5 000 Supply air flow, m3/h 1 Supply air flow, CFM Supply air flow, m3/s 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 000 800 10 40 000 30 000 20 000
Size
5 4 3
10 000
Selected size
The area marked blue/grey is the normal yellow is the normal operatingrane range operating of of the heat the heat exchanger
exchanger
095
080
1 000
060
500 300 0.25 400 500 Air velocity, FTM FPM 600 700 0.5 0.35 0.6 800 0.6 0.7 1 000 0.8 1 200
Non-hygroscopic rotor with standard foil spacing Non-hygroscopic rotor with wider foil spacing Hygroscopic rotor with standard foil spacing Hygroscopic rotor with wider foil spacing Composite rotor t = Supply air temperature efficiency, % at maximum rotor speed
0.2 0.25 0.3 Pressure drop, IN. in. WG. 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Pressure drop, IN. in. WG. 0.2 0.25 0.3 in. WG. Pressure drop, IN. 0.35 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Pressure drop, IN. in. WG. 0.5
100 80 90 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 50 40 300 2.0
60 50 40
80 70 60
600
700
800
1 000
1 200
ABB
16
p4
p1
p2
Exhaust Frnluft air Angle, degrees 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 4,8 2,0 1,3 0,9 0,7 0,6 2,8 1,0 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,3
0
0 5 11 0 12 0 13 5 15 0 17 0 19 0 20 0 21 5
06
0 46
08
09
32
42
24
26
29
35
1.2
0.8
106
Siz S iz ee
371 300
636
848
1272 1 000
1696
38
17
50
ABB
Location of the fan Question: Is air recirculation permissible? If air is recirculated, the fans can be located in any position. If air recirculation is not permissible, the fans should be installed as shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 8 if particularly high purging pressure is required. Note that the installation shown in Fig. 7 may cause negativ pressure in the building during the winter.
p4 p3
Room Rum
Fig. 7
p1
p2
Calculation example: Given: PUMB-240 installed as shown in Fig. 5 q 2 = q 3 = 18 000 CFM p = 0.66 in.WG p1 - p3 = 1.6 in.WG From Chart 5, ql = 540 CFM From the previous page, the carry-over air flow would amount to approximately 2% of the supply air flow, q2 (3% at 0.4 inches WG; 1.5% at 0.8 inches WG. The exhaust air fan thus operates at a flow which is around 5% higher than the exhaust air flow rate from the room (q3). = 18000 + 540 + 0.02*18000 = 1.05 18000 q = 1.05 * 18000 = 18900 CFM 4
Rum Room
Fig. 8
p1
p2
the fan-generated heat are both transferred to the exhaust air. This location is also suitable for premises in which high air cleanliness is demanded.
ABB
18
Rum Room
Fig. 9
The fan locations shown in Fig. 9 may give rise to problems, since it may be difficult to achieve correct pressure balance. Question: Is maximum heat recovery desirable? If the fans are installed as shown in Fig. 10, all of the power supplied to the exhaust air fan motor and almost all of the power supplied to the exhaust air fan motor will be utilized. The location provides constant pressure conditions in the building throughout the year. Maximum heat recovery will be obtained if the fans are installed so that the heat from the exhaust air fan is utilized (Fig. 10). This fan location can be used only in systems in which air recirculation is permissible.
Rum Room
air
Fig. 10 Fig. 11
Uteluft Outdoor air 2) Tilluft air Supply
In cases where the exhaust air is polluted and return air cannot be used, a correct pressure balance must be obtained on both sides of the rotor. Pressure conditions: p1 > p4, p2 > p3. INSERTION LOSS Lw, dB
Rotor version 63 Non-hygroscopic rotor, aluminium Hygroscopic rotor, aluminium Composite rotor 19 3 3 3 Insertion loss Lw, dB Octave band, mid-frequency, Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 4 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 10 9 9 14
1) A basic filter should preferably be installed, particularly if the dust consists of large particles, or of oily, tacky or adhering particles. If a filter is not installed, space should be left for installing a filter at a later date. 2) The filter class should be selected to suit the requirements of the premises.
Inspection facilities An inspection section or a duct with inspection cover should be connected to the heat recovery unit to enable the rotor to be inspected and serviced. However, if unit sections with good access facilities are connected directly to the heat recovery unit, these may be used for inspection.
SEFLE 3099 US 01.09 ABB
Control Systems
Control of rotary heat exchangers Either on/off or continuously variable control can be employed for controlling the rotor speed. If on/off control is employed, the temperature efficiency will be either zero or a maximum. In continuously variable control, the rotor speed is varied from rest to maximum speed in a continuous manner. The temperature and moisture efficiencies as a function of the rotor speed are shown in Chart 6. During periods when no heat recovery is required, the rotor speed will be so low that the efficiency will be close to zero, although the rotor will still be purged. For particulars of selecting the drive equipment for on/off or continuously variable speed, refer to separate instructions from Munters International Inc. Chart 6
100 Verkningsgrad Efficiency , % % 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 av max. max. speed varvtal % of 50 60 70 80 90 100 x
Composite rotor Kompositrotor
Fig. 12.
Example. Heat recovery - Variable speed The heat exchanger rotor speed is controlled steplessly by temperature sensors for constant supply air temperature, constant room temperature or constant exhaust air temperature.
Ing r in i PUM Included PUM
Rum Room
DM RC RPM RC-T
Fig. 13
RC RPM RC T DM SV
ABB
20
Example 4. Speed detector Variable speed: The speed detector monitors the rotor speed. An alarm will be initiated if the rotor speed is lower than that demanded by the speed controller. The magnet, magnetic sensor and mounting bracket are included in the supply.
RC RPM
Rum Room
+
2
Fig. 16a
SV
DM DT
6
ST
SV RC T
RC RPM
1
~ Fig. 14 1 2 3 4 5 6
Speed controller Temperature sensor are included in 6 Temperature sensor Control unit of a make available on the market Temperature sensor PUMZ - 21 or equivalent differential thermostat
Constant speed: The speed detector consists of a magnet, a magnetic sensor and an alarm relay. The alarm relay is preset for an alarm delay time of 120 seconds. This time corresponds to the lowest rotor speed of approximately 0.25 rpm. In order to avoid an alarm when the rotor is intended to be stationary, the alarm relay should be wired so that an alarm can be initiated only when the system requires heating or cooling energy recovery (see the instructions).
Magnet Impulsgivare Magnetic sensor Larm, lampa e.dyl.or the like Alarm, alarm lamp
Example 3. Cooling energy recovery - maximum speed If the temperature sensors 2 and 3 of the differential thermostat sense that the supply air temperature is higher than the exhaust air temperature, the motor will run at maximum speed for cooling energy recovery.
2
Rum Room
DM
1
DT
RC RPM
Fig. 15
21
ABB
Example 7. Purging operation Purging operation should be employed when the heat exchanger rotor is stationary for an extended period of time in an environment in which the supply or exhaust air contains dust that may cause clogging. For the ECONOVENT with variable speed, no timeswitch need be employed. Purging operation is integrated into the speed controller. The function is switched on automatically when the rotor is stationary. A timeswitch (SU) with 24-hour dial is used for the ECONOVENT with constant speed, and this starts the rotor and runs it at maximum speed for 0.51 hour per 24 hours. Any dust that may have settled in the rotor passages will then be blown away by the air flow which is continually reversed through the rotor. A filter should always be installed in systems in which the dust is likely to cause deposits (see page 16). Variable speed Constant speed
DM
Fig. 17
3
RC RPM 1
M RC RPM
SU K
Example 6. Parallel operation If several rotary heat exchangers are included in a given air handling system and are thus to be controlled simultaneously, each heat exchanger must have its own speed controller and sensor for the speed detector. On the other hand, the control signals from the control unit (RC) and summer case sensors can be connected to only one speed controller, from which the others are supplied.
Tilluft
Fig. 19
Reglersignal
Supply air
Temperature limit for the drive motor To ensure effective cooling of the drive motor located inside the casing, the temperature in the motor compartment should always be lower than +100 F. In systems in which the supply or exhaust air is at a higher temperature than +100 F, the heat exchanger should be installed so that the leakage flow is from the cooler air stream to the warmer air stream. This is achieved by p1 > p2 and p2 > p4 as shown in Fig. 20 below. If the supply and exhaust air are both at temperatures above +100 F, the motor compartment should be cooled by means of a separate fan. As an alternative, the heat exchanger can be supplied with the drive motor located outside the casing.
p4 p3 Varmt luftfl de
RC RPM
RC RPM
RC RPM
RC
p1
p2
Fig. 20
Motor 22
Motor
The heat exchanger should rest on a flat supporting surface. If other components, such as a duct or unit section, are connected to the top of the heat exchanger, they must not rest on the exchanger. A supporting center beam must be provided for size 200 and larger units. The maximum permissible deflection of the load-bearing centre beam when supporting the weight of the heat exchanger and any other components is 0.04 inches.
=
M M
= A 100
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Placering varvtalsregulator Location ofav the speed controller vidsmaller mindreheat vxlare on exchangers
M M
Eventuell placering varvtalsLocation of the speedav controller regulator vid st rre vxlare on larger heat exchangers
M M
Fig. 23
23
ABB
Fig. 25
Connection to other unit sections A rotary heat exchanger with casing is best connected to the air handling unit or the ducting by means of slip clamps. The slip-clamp system should be fitted by the unit manufacturer or installation contractor to suit the connection openings on the unit or ducts.
Fig. 27
Fig. 26
Installation in a modular unit The rotary heat exchanger with casing is mounted inside a unit casing or is connected by means of connection frames.
Installation in compact units The rotary heat exchanger with casing is pushed into the unit which is provided with seals designed to avoid air leakage.
Fig. 28
Installation in a plant room The rotary heat exchangers can be installed directly on the floor or in a wall. This is a common installation alternative in systems with larger heat exchangers.
24
ABB
D dia. D
E A H 2)
M
Weight, Lbs Standard Wider Standard foil spacing foil foil Industrial version spacing spacing composite rotor 1920 2141 2649 2870 3311 3974 6400 7726 1700 1920 2318 2474 2980 3532 5960 7064 2141 2428 2980 3200 3753 4415 7726 8389
D dia.
E A H 2)
1) Removable lifting lugs for sizes 265 to 500 inclusive. 2) Height H is the dimension for a split heat exchanger.
Rectangular casing and baffle plates A rectangular heat exchanger casing can be produced, and the heat exchanger can be provided with baffle plates as shown in the figure below. In such cases, always specify the required dimensions A, B and F.
A A
D dia. D B
D dia. D
25
ABB
2.0 50
2.0 50
Magnet Magnet
Size -bbb060 080 095 110 120 135 150 170 190 200 215 240 265 290 320 350 380
PG / joint A 23.6 31.5 39.4 47.2 47.2 55.1 55.1 63.0 70.9 78.7 86.6 94.5 10.4 1173 129.1 139.4 152.8 B 11.8 15.7 19.7 19.7 23.6 23.6 27.6 31.5 35.4 39.4 89.4 47.2 52.8 56.7 62.6 67.7 74.4
Differential thermostat PUMZ-21 Danfoss type RT 270 2 m length of capillary tube LT bulb = For the lower air temperature
LT
LT
Pg 13,5 DIN 46 255
HT
HT
Speed detector An alarm relay and speed detector are needed for a constant speed heat exchanger, and only a speed detector for a variable speed heat exchanger (EMS).
Size 265 420 always double drain pipes
60 2.4
ABB
26
Rotor material A = Non-hygroscopic aluminium B = Hygroscopic aluminium C = Edge-reinforced, non-hygroscopic aluminium D = Edge-reinforced, hygroscopic aluminium E = Epoxy-coated aluminium (for a = 1, 2, 5 och 6) F = Composite (for a = 2 and bbb 420) Rotor (a) 1 = wound, with standard foil spacing 2 = sectorized, with standard foil spacing 3 = wound, with standard foil spacing, industrial grade, aluminium 4 = sectorized, with standard foil spacing, industrial grade, aluminium 5 = wound, with wider foil spacing 6 = sectorized, with wider foil spacing 7 = wound, with wider foil spacing, industrial grade, aluminium 8 = sectorized, with wider foil spacing, industrial grade, aluminium Size (bbb) 060 1), 080 1), 095, 110, 120, 135, 150, 170, 190, 200, 215, 240, 265, 290, 320, 350, 380, 420, 460, 500 1) Only wound rotor Drive equipment (cc) 00 = without drive equipment 01 = with constant speed drive equipment (ABM) 04 = with variable speed size 350 - 500, (EMS MASTER) 07 = with variable speed drive size 060-320, (EMS Standard) 08 = with variable speed drive size 060-320, (EMS Extra) Installation alternative (d) 18 as shown in figure Delivery form (e) 1 = factory-assembled unit with purging sector, sizes 060240 2 = dismantled casing, two units, with purging sector, sizes 150500 3 = factory-assembled unit, split casing with purging sector, sizes 150290 4 = factory-assembled unit without purging sector, sizes 060240 5 = dismantled casing, two units, without purging sector, sizes 150500 6 = factory-assembled unit, split casing, without purging sector, sizes 150290 Design figure
27 27
Code d =
1 2
Drive motor
ABB
28
29
ABB
Expected efficiency Size limitations Environmental conditions (corrosion concerns) Fixed or variable speed drive system Maximum pressure drop through the heat exchanger
inches WG
ABB
30
31
3099 US 01.09
ABB
ABB Ventilation Products AB Division Flkt S-551 84 Jnkping, Sweden Tel. +46 36 19 30 00 Fax +46 36 19 31 88 www.abb.com
MUNTERS INTERNATIONAL Inc. 1064 Town and River Dr. Ft. Myers, FL 33919 USA Telephone: 941-540-0006 Fax: 941-481-3566 info@muntersinternational.com www.muntersinternational.com
SEFLE/US 3099