PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

ABSTACT:
A clutch is a device used to make and !ake contact "!om the t!ansmission# $hen it en%a%es& then 'o(e! is t!ans"e!!ed "!om en%ine to %ea! o) and (hen it disen%a%e& 'o(e! "lo( is sto'& hence it is called "!ee !unnin% o" en%ine# The!e is an innovation done in automo ile indust!*& called elect!o ma%netic clutch& (hich is !ecentl* used * Renault Ca! Com'an*& (hich uses the asic '!inci'le o" elect!ical ene!%* as (ell as ma%netic "o!ces# This '!o+ect !evels the manu"actu!in% o" elect!o ma%netic clutch# In 'lace o" En%ine& sha"t is di!ectl* attached to va!iance ,va!ia le moto!- and clutch disc as (ell as '!essu!e 'late is used& in et(een them "!iction mate!ial called .As estos/ used to %!i' et(een the '!essu!e 'late and clutch 'late# This '!o+ect sho(s& e)'e!imental anal*sis o" Elect!o ma%netic clutch& and at last at (hich s'eed clutch en%a%e as (ell as disen%a%e is measu!ed and (hen clutch disen%a%e& at that time s'eed o" "l*(heel is also measu!ed#

ORGINAL VIEW OF PROJECT:

(Figure 1-layou o! "ro#e$ %

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

INTRO-.CTION:
-e!i(i io( o! $lu $+: The clutch is an im'o!tant 'a!t in the t!ansmission s*stem o" automo iles# It t!ansmits 'o(e! "!om the en%ine to %ea! o) at va!ious s'eeds# No shock is caused du!in% this t!ansmission o" 'o(e!#

Pur"o,e:
The "unction o" the clutch is to tem'o!a!il* disconnect the en%ine "!om the %ea! o) unit# $hen the %ea! has to e chan%ed "!om the "i!st to the second &it should e done a"te! disconnectin% the en%ine "!om the %ea! o)# I" this is not done &the %ea! teeth mi%ht !eak# The clutch is thus hel'"ul (hen sta!tin%& shi"tin% %ea!s and idlin%#

Pri($i"le o! o"era io(:

The clutch (o!ks on the '!inci'les o" "!iction# $hen t(o "!iction su!"aces a!e !ou%ht in contact (ith each othe! and '!essed the* a!e united due to the "!iction et(een them# I" no( one is !esolved& the othe! (ill also !evolve# The "!iction et(een the t(o su!"aces de'ends u'on the a!ea o" the su!"aces& '!essu!e a''lied u'on them and co1e""icient o" "!iction o" the su!"ace mate!ials# The t(o su!"aces can e se'a!ated and !ou%ht into contact (hen !e2ui!ed# The d!ivin% mem e! is ke't !otatin%# $hen the d!iven mem e! is !ou%ht in contact (ith the d!ivin% mem e!& it also sta!ts !otatin%# $hen the d!iven mem e! is se'a!ated "!om the d!ivin% mem e! it does not !evolve# This is the '!inci'le on (hich a clutch o'e!ates#

Re/uire)e( o! a $lu $+:

1' Tor/ue ra(,)i,,io(: - The clutch should e a le to t!ansmit ma)imum to!2ue o" the en%ine# 0' Gra1ual e(gage)e( :- The clutch should en%a%e %!aduall* to avoid sudden +e!ks# 2' 3ea 1i,,i"a io(: - The clutch should e a le to dissi'ate la!%e amount o" heat (hich is %ene!ated du!in% the clutch o'e!ation due to "!iction# 4' -y(a)i$ 5ala($i(g:- The clutch should e d*namicall* alanced# This is 'a!ticula!l* !e2ui!ed in the case o" hi%h s'eed en%ine clutches# 3 &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

6' Vi5ra i(g 1a)"i(g: - The clutch should have suita le mechanism to dam' vi !ations and to eliminate noise '!oduced du!in% the 'o(e! t!ansmission# 7' Si8e:- The clutch should minimum s'ace# 9' Free "e1al "lay: - The clutch should have "!ee 'edal 'la* in o!de! to !educe e""ective clam'in% load on the ca! on th!ust ea!in% and (ea! on it# :' Ea,y i( o"era io(: - The clutch should e eas* to o'e!ate !e2ui!in% as little e)e!tion as 'ossi le on the 'a!t o" the d!ive!# ;' Lig+ (e,,:- The d!iven mem e! o" the clutch should e made as li%ht as 'ossi le so that it (ill not continue to !otate "o! an* len%th o" time a"te! the clutch has een disen%a%ed# e as small as 'ossi le in si4e so that it (ill occu'*

5 &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

<ai( "ar , o! +e $lu $+: The main 'a!ts o" clutch a!e divided into th!ee %!ou's6 0# 7!ivin% mem e!s8## The d!ivin% mem e!s consist o" a "l*(heel mounted on the en%ine c!anksha"t#

(Figure 0-!ly&+eel $ou"le &i + $lu $+%

3# 7!iven mem e!s8# The d!iven mem e! consists o" the disc o! 'late& called the clutch 'late#

(Figure 2-Pre,,ure "la e a(1 Clu $+ "la e%

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

5# O'e!atin% mem e!s8## The o'e!atin% mem e!s consist o" a "oot 'edal& linka%e& !elease o! th!o( out ea!in%& !elease leve!s and s'!in%s#

(Figure 4:-Pe1al= Beari(g a(1 ,"ri(g%

(Figure 6:- Layou o! &+ole $lu $+ a,,e)5ly%

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

ASSE<BL> OF CL.TC3:

E?PLO-E- VIEW OF CL.TC3 ASSE<BL>:

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

Ty"e, o! !ri$ io( )a erial:The "!iction mate!ials o" the clutch 'late a!e %ene!all* o" th!ee t*'es 6 0# Mill oa!d t*'e# 3# Moulded t*'e# 5# $oven t*'e# Mill oa!d t*'e "!iction mate!ials mainl* include as estos sheets t!eated (ith di""e!ent t*'e o" im'!e%nates# Moulded t*'e "!iction mate!ials a!e made "!om a mat!i) o" as estos "i e! and sta!ch o! an* othe! suita le indin% mate!ials# $oven t*'e "acin% mate!ials a!e made * im'!e%natin% a cloth (ith ce!tain inde!s o! * (ea!in% th!eads o" !ass o! co''e! (i!es cove!ed (ith lon% "i e! as estos and cotton# The (oven t*'e "!iction mate!ials a!e "u!the! classi"ied into t*'es1laminated t*'e and solid (oven t*'e# The most common "!iction mate!ials a!e as "ollo(s 6 1' Lea +er88## Co1e""icient o" "!iction <#3=#

(Figure 7-La +er !ri$ io( )a erial% 0' Cor@' 888Co1e""icient o" "!iction <#53#

(Figure 9-Cor@ !ri$ io( )a erial% = &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

2' Fa5ri$888#Co1e""icient o" "!iction <#9<#

(Figure :-Fa5ri$ !ri$ io( )a erial%

4' A,5e, o,88##Co1e""icient o" "!iction <#3<#

(Figure ;-A,5e, o, !ri$ io( )a erial%

6' Rey5e, o, a(1 Fero1o8## Co1e""icient o" "!iction <#3<

(Figure 1A- Rey5e, o, a(1 Fero1o !ri$ io( )a erial%

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

Pro"er ie, o! goo1 !ri$ io( li(i(g :0# Good (ea!in% '!o'e!ties# 3# Hi%h co1 e""icient o" "!iction# 5# Hi%h !esistance to heat# 9# Good inde! in it# :# Chea' and eas* to manu"actu!e#

Ty"e, o! $lu $+e,:7i""e!ent t*'es o" clutches a!e as "ollo(s6 0# ?!iction clutch 6 ,a- @in%le 'late clutch# , - Multi'late clutch6 ,0- $et clutch# ,3- 7!* clutch# ,c- Cone clutch# ,0- E)te!nal clutch# ,3- Inte!nal clutch# 3# Cent!i"u%al clutch# 5# @emi1cent!i"u%al clutch# 9# 7ia'h!a%m clutch# ,a- Ta'e!ed "in%e! t*'e# , - C!o(n s'!in% t*'e# :# Positive clutch# ,a- 7o% and @'line clutch# ;# H*d!aulic clutch# =# Elect!o1ma%netic clutch# ># Aacuum clutch# B# Ove! !unnin% clutch o! "!ee1(heel unit# B &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

SIGLE PLATE CL.TC3:

(Figure 11-Si(gle Pla e Clu $+%

<.LTIPLATE CL.TC3:

0< &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

(Figure 10-<ul i Pla e Clu $+%

CONE CL.TC3:-

(Figure 12-Co(e Clu $+%

CENTRIF.GAL CL.TC3:
00 &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

(Figure-14-Ce( ri!ugal Clu $+%

SE<I-CENTRIF.GAL CL.TC3:

(Figure-16- Se)i Ce( ri!ugal Clu $+%

-IAP3RAG< CL.TC3:

03 &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

(Figure-17--ia"+rag) Clu $+%

-OG AN- SPLINE CL.TC3:

(Figure-19--og a(1 S"li(e Clu $+%

ELECTRO<AGNETIC CL.TC3:

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

(Figure-1:-Ele$ ro <ag(e i$ Clu $+%

VACC.<E CL.TC3:

(Figure-1;-Va$$u)e Clu $+%

3>-RA.LIC CL.TC3:

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

(Figure-0A-3y1rali$ Clu $+%

CO<PLETE CL.TC3:1

-ELAILS OF

T3E

ELECTRO<AGNETIC

W+y &e u,e1 Ele$ ro)ag(e i$ Clu $+B

?unction o" clutch is to en%a%e o! disen%a%e the en%ine "!om the t!ansmission s*stem# Hence it is inse!ted et(een the "l*(heel as (ell as %ea! o)# It is consists o" main im'o!tant 'a!ts like clutch 'late& '!essu!e 'late& "!iction disc& o'e!atin% leve! etc# In clutch en%a%e as (ell as disen%a%e a!e ve!* im'o!tant& ecause due to (hich clutch is used# Cut (hen clutch is a''lied at that time& some clea!ance is the!e in the clutch 'edal called clutch 'edal 'la* and due to (hich& '!o'e! disen%a%e o" clutch is not achieve and clutch (ill sli' o! d!a%%ed# The!e is a need to use some s*stem inco!'o!ated in clutch s*stem& to '!event a ove situation# Hence& i" (e shi"t %ea! and at that time clutch (ill disen%a%e hence the it is ve!* sim'le "o! d!ive! and "o!ce !e2ui!e to en%a%e as (ell as disen%a%e the clutch is also 0: &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

ne%lected& hence a ne( t*'e o" clutch used in automo ile vehicles called .Renault Ca!/ called elect!oma%netic clutch# In this clutch s*stem& (hen %ea! shi"t leve! is a''lied at that time& due to MM? clutch (ill disen%a%e and (hen !elease leve!& clutch (ill en%a%e#

Ba,i$ o"era io( o! ele$ ro)ag(e i$ $lu $+: The clutch has "ou! main 'a!ts6 "ield& !oto!& a!matu!e& and hu ,out'ut- ,?i%u!e133-# $hen volta%e is a''lied the stationa!* ma%netic "ield %ene!ates the lines o" "lu) that 'ass into the !oto!# ,The !oto! is no!mall* connected to the 'a!t that is al(a*s movin% in the machine#- The "lu) ,ma%netic att!action- 'ulls the a!matu!e in contact (ith the !oto! ,the a!matu!e is connected to the com'onent that !e2ui!es the accele!ation-& as the a!matu!e and the out'ut sta!t to accele!ate# @li''in% et(een the !oto! "ace and the a!matu!e "ace continues until the in'ut and out'ut s'eed is the same ,0<<D locku'-# The actual time "o! this is 2uite sho!t& et(een 0E3<<th o" a second and 0 second# 7isen%a%ement is ve!* sim'le# Once the "ield sta!ts to de%!ade& "lu) "alls !a'idl* and the a!matu!e se'a!ates# One o! mo!e s'!in%s hold the a!matu!e a(a* "!om the !oto! at a '!edete!mined ai! %a'# Aolta%eEcu!!ent 1 and the ma%netic "ield

(Figure-01%

(Figure-00%

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PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

I" a 'iece o" co''e! (i!e (as (ound& a!ound the nail and then connected to a atte!*& it (ould c!eate an elect!o ma%net# The ma%netic "ield that is %ene!ated in the (i!e& "!om the cu!!ent& is kno(n as the .!i%ht hand thum !ule/# ,?IGURE130- The st!en%th o" the ma%netic "ield can e chan%ed * chan%in% oth (i!e si4e and the amount o" (i!e ,tu!ns-# EM clutches a!e simila!F the* use a co''e! (i!e coil ,sometimes aluminum- to c!eate a ma%netic "ield#

The "ields o" EM clutch can e made to o'e!ate at almost an* 7C volta%e& and the to!2ue '!oduced * the clutch o! !ake (ill e the same& as lon% as the co!!ect o'e!atin% volta%e and cu!!ent is used (ith the co!!ect clutch# I" a B< A clutch& a 9> A clutch and a 39 A clutch& all ein% 'o(e!ed (ith thei! !es'ective volta%es and cu!!ent& all (ould '!oduce the same amount o" to!2ue# Ho(eve!& i" a B< A clutch had 9> A a''lied to it& this (ould %et a out hal" o" the co!!ect to!2ue out'ut o" that clutch# This is ecause volta%eEcu!!ent is almost linea! to to!2ue in 7C elect!oma%netic clutches#

A constant 'o(e! su''l* is ideal i" accu!ate o! ma)imum to!2ue is !e2ui!ed "!om a clutch# I" a non !e%ulated 'o(e! su''l* is used& the ma%netic "lu) (ill de%!ade& as the !esistance o" the coil %oes u'# Casicall*& the hotte! the coil %ets the lo(e! the to!2ue (ill e& * a out an ave!a%e o" >D "o! eve!* 3<GC# I" the tem'e!atu!e is "ai!l* constant& ut the!e ma* not e enou%h se!vice "acto! in *ou! desi%n "o! mino! tem'e!atu!e "luctuation# Ove!1si4in%& the clutch (ould com'ensate "o! mino! "lu)# This (ill allo( the use a !ecti"ied
'o(e! su''l* (hich is "a! less e)'ensive than a constant cu!!ent su''l*#

Cased on A H I I R& as !esistance inc!eases availa le cu!!ent "alls# An inc!ease in !esistance& o"ten !esults "!om !isin% tem'e!atu!e as the coil heats u'& acco!din% to6 R" H Ri I J0 K LCu I ,T" 1 Ti-M $he!e R" H "inal !esistance& Ri H initial !esistance& LCu H co''e! (i!eNs tem'e!atu!e coe""icient o" !esistance& <#<<5B GC10& T" H "inal tem'e!atu!e& and Ti H initial tem'e!atu!e#

E(gage)e( Ti)e:
The!e a!e actuall* t(o en%a%ement times to conside! in an elect!oma%netic clutch# The "i!st one is the time it takes "o! a coil to develo' a ma%netic "ield& st!on% enou%h to 'ull in 0= &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

an a!matu!e# $ithin this& the!e a!e t(o "acto!s to conside!# The "i!st one is the amount o" am'e!e tu!ns in a coil& (hich (ill dete!mine the st!en%th o" a ma%netic "ield# The second one is ai! %a'& (hich is the s'ace et(een the a!matu!e and the !oto!# Ma%netic lines o" "lu) diminish 2uickl* in the ai!# The "u!the! a(a* the att!active 'iece is "!om the coil& the lon%e! it (ill take "o! that 'iece to actuall* develo' enou%h ma%netic "o!ce to e att!acted and 'ull in to ove!come the ai! %a'# ?o! ve!* hi%h c*cle a''lications& "loatin% a!matu!es can e used that !est li%htl* a%ainst the !oto!# In this case& the ai! %a' is 4e!oF ut& mo!e im'o!tantl* the !es'onse time is ve!* consistent since the!e is no ai! %a' to ove!come# Ai! %a' is an im'o!tant conside!ation es'eciall* (ith a "i)ed a!matu!e desi%n ecause as the unit (ea!s ove! man* c*cles o" en%a%ement the a!matu!e and the !oto! (ill c!eate a la!%e! ai! %a' (hich (ill chan%e the en%a%ement time o" the clutch# In hi%h c*cle a''lications& (he!e !e%ist!ation is im'o!tant& even the di""e!ence o" 0<10: milliseconds can make a di""e!ence& in !e%ist!ation o" a machine# Even in a no!mal c*cle a''lication& this is im'o!tant ecause a ne( machine that has accu!ate timin% can eventuall* see a .d!i"t/ in its accu!ac* as the machine %ets olde!# The second "acto! in "i%u!in% out !es'onse time o" a clutch is actuall* much mo!e im'o!tant than the ma%net (i!e o! the ai! %a'# It involves calculatin% the amount o" ine!tia that the clutch needs to accele!ate# This is !e"e!!ed to as .time to s'eed/# In !ealit*& this is (hat the end1use! is most conce!ned (ith# Once it is kno(n ho( much ine!tia is '!esent "o! the clutch to sta!t then the to!2ue can e calculated and the a''!o'!iate si4e o" clutch can e chosen# Most CA7 s*stems can automaticall* calculate com'onent ine!tia& ut the ke* to si4in% a clutch is calculatin% ho( much ine!tial is !e"lected ack to the clutch o! !ake# To do this& en%inee!s use the "o!mula6 T H ,$O3 I PN- E ,5<> I t- $he!e T H !e2ui!ed to!2ue in l 1 "t& $O3 H total ine!tia in l 1"t3& PN H chan%e in the !otational s'eed in !'m& and t H time du!in% (hich the accele!ation o! decele!ation must take 'lace# The!e a!e also online sites that can hel' con"i!m ho( much to!2ue is !e2ui!ed to accele!ate a %iven amount o" ine!tia ove! a s'eci"ic time# Remem e! to make su!e that the to!2ue chosen& "o! the clutch& should e a"te! the clutch has een u!nished#

0> &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)

PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRO MAGNETIC CLUCH

-ETAILS OF PROJECT <A-E B> .S:-

0B &&&'!i(al-year"ro#e$ '$o) * &&&'!i(alyear +e,i,'$o)