LESSON-1 GUJARAT IN THE MEDIEVAL AGE A-1.

Siddhhem Shabdanushasan was the first grammar book in literature written by Hemchandracharya during the time of Siddhraj Jaysinh.So , it was given a lot of respect by keeping it on the back of an elephant and carrying out a procession in the city. A-2.It is believed that Vanrajs best friend Anhil helped him to regain his fathers lost kingdom.So, he named the new city as Anhilwad Patan. A-3.Queen Minaldevi, mother of Siddhraj Jaysinh always remained ready for the the welfare of the people.So she waived off the pilgrim tax. A-4.The last emperor of the Vaghela dynasty, Karandev Vaghela, was defeated by Alauddin Khilji and it brought an end to the Rajput rule over Anhilwad Patan. Anhilwad Patan remained the capital of Gujarat for namesake for a period of time.The capital was shifted to Ahmedabad when Ahmedshah of Sultanate Age established and Patan became the headquarters of Subagiri(district). EX 2 GIVE AN INTRODUCTION ABOUT 1)ANHILWAD BHARWAD:-He was a shepherd boy and a very good friend of Vanraj Chavda.Patan was renamed as Anhilwad Patan as Anhil helped Vanraj to regain his fathers lost kingdom. 2)MINAL DEVI:-She was the mother of Siddhraj Jaisinh. She always remained ready for the welfare of the people, she waived off the pilgrim tax. 3) HEMCHANDRACHARYA :- The famous scholar Hemchandracharya was well known during the rule of Siddhraj Jaysinh. He prepared and wrote the Grammar book Siddhem Shabdanusashan'. This book was kept on the back of an elephant and a procession was carried out in the city. In this procession, the king and the composer of the book walked along with the entire kingdom.

4) NAIKIDEVI:- After the demise of Ajaypal, his son, was very young for the throne. So his rule was taken over by his wife Naikidevi. AT that time Shahbuddin Ghori crossed the desert and attacked Gujarat. She tied her son on her back and led

the army of Gujarat. She bravely faced the army of Shahbuddin Ghori and defeated him.

5)QUEEN UDAYMATI:- She constructed a step well for the welfare of the people. It is known as Raniki Vav. This step well of seven storeys is unparalleled example of art and architecture. The artistic idols engraved in the well gives the idea of glory of Solanki period.

6) KUMARPAL: Gujarats prosperity was as its peak during the rule of Kumarpal. During his time confluence, non-violence, prosperity and education was seen in Anhilwad Patan. He was the ruler of Solanki dynasty who later renounced the crown and became hermit.

L-2 INDIA : CLIMATE AND NATURAL RESOURCES. EX 1 Write a Shortnote On :1 CLIMATE OF INDIA INTRODUCTION :- India is a vast country in terms of area. Thus the climatic condition is different in different places. 1) India experiences three seasons. They are :a) Summer. b) Winter. c) Monsoon. Summer :- India experiences Summer season between March and may. The temperature is high in regions which are near the Tropic of Cancer. Winter :- India experiences cold between December, January and February. As the suns rays fall slant, there is fall of temperature. Northern and north-eastern part of India experiences mainly Winter season. Many a times snow falls in this region.

a)

b)

c)

2)

Monsoon :- India experiences monsoon from June to September. There is maximum 80 % of rainfall in this season. The winds flowing from the Arabian Sea brings rainfall in Kerala. The winds blowing from Bay Of Bengal brings rain to Assam, Meghalaya and West Bengal. The region of South India is a peninsula. Due to it there is moderate climate in that region. As India is situated between 8 degree north to 37 degree north hemisphere the climate of north India remains cold and middle region experiences heat. NATURAL RESOURCES :1) The things or materials which are stored by human beings and categorized based on its characteristics, power and capacity to work are known as resources. 2) The materials available on Earth naturally, which are easily available and useful to human beings are known as natural resources. 3) There are mainly three types of resources. They are :a) Water Resources. b) Mineral Resources. c) Land Resources. 4) The water resources include rivers, lakes, sea, etc. 5) Biological and Abiological materials which are trapped under the Earth transforms into a particular chemical constitution due to pressure and heat. They are called minerals. 6) Mineral resources are the backbone of the economy of the country. 7) Land resources include forests. 8) The forest provides variety of products. Some are main and the other are secondary products. The forest are beneficial in many ways and so we should stop the deforestation. III Write a short note on Importance of forest and how to conserve it 1)Forest provides us with many primary and secondary products. *IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS

1)Trees of Sundari found in the Sundarban forest are used for making boats and steamers. 2)Artistic things like baskets, mats, toys and furniture are made from cane wood. 3)Brooms are made from the leaves of palm and date trees. 4)Paper and medicines are made from deodar and chid trees. Moreover tea boxes, matchsticks, sports boots, artificial fibres are also made from these trees. 5)Trees also provide lac for making varnish, ink for Printing, paper of making speakers of electronic goods and gramophones, etc. *MEASURES TO CONSERVE FOREST 6)Illegal cutting of trees should be prohibited. 7)Trees should be grown on wasteland and people should be motivated for afforestation. 8)Use of renewable resources such as solar energy, biogas, wind energy, etc. should be increased. 9)An atmosphere which encourages every citizen to be responsible for protecting forests should be created. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING Q-1.Why are the rivers of South India not useful as waterways? A-1.The rivers of South India like the Godavari, the Kaveri and the Tungabhadra flow towards the east and then into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers flow from uneven plains and therefore form waterfalls. That is why these rivers are not used as waterways. Q-2.How does climate affect the human life? A-2.Effects of climate on human life : 1 Climate effects diet , life style and behaviour of people. 2 For example people living in dry regions like Rajasthan have flat terraces on their houses for storing water during rains 3 People of north India wear woolen clothes to protect themselves from chilling cold.

4 People of south India prefer cotton clothes to protect themselves from heat and to blow off the dust . 5 Due to favourable condition in north India farming is seen more in this region 6 Due to different climatic condition Gujarat grows wheat where as Tamil Nadu , Kerala and West Bengal grow rice 7 Marine industry has developed in regions having coast line Q.3 What are resources ? Explain. A.3 Things or materials such as land , wildlife , minerals , sea etc that exists in a region and can be utilized for fullfilling requirements of humans are called resources 1 Man categories these resources on the basis of their characteristics and utility 2 In ancient times people could not make use of these resources in large proportion where as the modern man learnt to make maximum use of them to satisfy his needs and for his welfare. Q.4 What you mean by climate and climatic condition?Which factors affect the climate? A-4.1)Climate is a weather condition that exists in an area in a particular time every year. 2)Conditions related to climate or weather are called as climatic conditions. 3)Several factors such as location of the country, height of its landmass, mountains, plateaus, distance from the sea, flow of the sea, forest, etc. affects the climate. Q-5.Show details of the following in the political map of India. a)Two places of excessive rainfall *Meghalaya and Malabar coast b)Two places of scanty rainfall *Rajasthan and Gujarat c)Two places of moderate rainfall *Maharashtra and Gujarat Q-6.Show the following details in the political map of India.

a)Rajasthan b)River Narmada c)Chilka Lake d)Bear Sanctuary e)A place where mineral oil is found f)Tropic of Cancer LESSON-3 WHY ARE COURTS NECESSARY EX 1 SHORT NOTE 1)HIGH COURT 1.Every state has a high court. 2.High court is above all the courts of the state. 3.The High Court of Gujarat is in Ahmedabad. 4.The jurisdiction of each high court is within its state. 5.All the High Courts of every state are at the same level. 6.High Courts are also called as Court of Records. 7.Over and above the main judge there are additional judges to help the main judge in taking a decision. 8.Anyone can file a case in the High Court. However if the court feels that a wrong appeal is being made by a person filing a case, then it can also punish the one who has made a wrong appeal. 9.The High Court Judge takes his oath before the Governor. EX 2 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING Q-1.Why are courts necessary? A-1.*Courts listen to the cases brought to them. *Based on the arguments, evidences and witness the court provides justice to the victims. *Thus the courts are necessary to maintain faith, peace and security in the society.