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    TCP Socket Programming

    Uploaded by

    Ravikumaar Rayala
    program of tcp

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    TCP Socket Programming

    Uploaded by

    Ravikumaar Rayala
    42 views32 pages
    program of tcp

    Original Title

    Tcp Socket Programming

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    program of tcp

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views32 pages

    TCP Socket Programming

    Uploaded by

    Ravikumaar Rayala
    program of tcp

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    TCP Socket Programming

    User and System Programs

    Kernel Support

    Hardware

    Ports
    Used to address processes on a host 0-1024 is usually reserved for known service

    FTP Web Server Server 21 80 Transport Layer Network Layer DLL/Physical


    3

    A port is a service provided by a machine.

    That service is identified by a number. There are a lot of standardized port

    numbers for popular services. Port 22 is


    for FTP. Port 80 is for HTTP. There are many, many others.

    What is a socket?
    An abstract interface provided to the

    application programmer

    File descriptor, allows apps to read/write to the network

    Allows to processes on remotely

    connected computers to talk to each other

    Socket
    A socket is a communication path to a port.

    When you want your program to communicate


    over the network, you have given it a way of addressing the port and this is done by creating a socket and attaching it to the port.
    Basically,

    socket = IP + ports Sockets

    provide access to the port + ip.


    6

    Sockets

    Socket

    are

    sort

    of

    the

    programming

    interface from the programmer's side and the communications endpoint from the networking

    side.
    In the Internet case, a socket would have an IP

    address and a port number. IP address and a port represent a unique reception point or transmission point in an operating system for it

    to communicate to the outside world


    7

    Two types of sockets


    SOCK_STREAM TCP connection oriented, bidirectional reliable, in-order delivery

    SOCK_DGRAM

    UDP

    no connection
    unreliable delivery, no guarantee on the order can send/receive

    Socket-programming using TCP


    Socket: a door between application process and endend-transport protocol (UDP or TCP) TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one process to another
    controlled by application developer controlled by operating system

    process socket TCP with buffers, variables

    process socket TCP with buffers, variables

    controlled by application developer controlled by operating system

    internet

    host or server

    host or server
    9

    Socket programming with TCP


    Client must contact server server process must first be running server must have created socket (door) that welcomes clients contact
    Client contacts server by: creating client-local TCP socket specifying IP address, port number of server process When client creates socket: client TCP establishes connection to server TCP
    When contacted by client,

    server TCP creates new socket for server process to communicate with client allows server to talk with multiple clients source port numbers used to distinguish clients

    application viewpoint

    TCP provides reliable, in-order transfer of bytes (pipe) between client and server
    10

    Socket Programming in C

    Socket Programming - Flow


    socket()

    socket()
    bind() listen()

    connect()

    Client

    send() recv()

    Server
    wait for connection request from next client

    accept() recv()

    . . .

    send()
    close()

    close()

    12

    socket()
    int s_listen = socket(family, type, protocol);

    family: AF_INET specifies Ipv4 type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM protocol: 0 (pseudo, IP ). See /etc/protocols

    13

    bind()
    bind(s_listen, localAdd, addLength) Server specifies which port and address it will be listening to s_listen: our listening socket descriptor localAdd: socket address structure addLength: length of localAdd

    14

    Address Structure
    struct sockaddr_in { u_char sin_len; // length of address u_char sin_family; // family of address u_short sin_port; // protocol port num struct in_addr sin_addr; // IP Addr char sin_zero[8]; // set to zero, used for padding };

    15

    Address Structure
    Declare address structure

    struct sockaddr_in sockAdd; Set family sockAdd.sin_family = AF_INET; Set IP address (2 ways) //specify address to listen to

    inet_pton(AF_INET,127.0.0.1,&sockAdd.sin_addr.s_addr)

    //listen to any local address sockAdd.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY)


    Set port

    sockAdd.sin_port = htons(9999);

    16

    Difference between Client sockets & Server sockets


    Server sockets are generally bound to well known

    names

    (ports)

    and

    they

    establish

    themselves

    with listen(). You need to perform binding regardless of socket family for server sockets.
    For client sockets it depends. For AF_INET type of

    sockets underlying stack (TCP) performs binding for client sockets.


    Client sockets establish themselves with connect().

    17

    listen()
    Calling listen() on a socket causes the kernel's tcp/ip

    implementation to begin accepting connections sent to the socket's bound name (port).
    This will happen whether or not you ever call accept().

    int status = listen(s_listen, queuelength);

    status: -1 if error, 0 otherwise


    s_listen: socket descriptor queuelength: Number of clients that can wait for a connection listen is non-blocking: returns immediately
    18

    accept()
    accept() simply gives your server a way to access and

    interact with the client sockets that have connected


    to your listening socket.
    int s_new = accept(s_listen, &clientAddress, &addLength);

    s_new: new socket for communication with client s_listen: the listening socket clientAddress: struct sockaddr, address of client addLength: size of client address structure accept is blocking: waits for connection before returning

    19

    Talking
    int send(int s_new, const void *buf, int len, int flags);

    s_new socket descriptor buf pointer to buffer len size of buffer flags can be safely set to 0 int recv(int s_new, void *buf, int len, unsigned int flags); similar to send buf holds the data to be transferred

    20

    Concurrent Server
    The key in understanding how the listening

    socket continues to listen while the accepted connection is doing its thing is in understanding

    that tcp connections depend on a 4-tuple of (1)


    local address (2) local port (3) foreign address (4) foreign port.
    These define a unique connection.

    21

    Before accept() passed back the new socket the

    kernel used these values to create various structures so that in collaboration with the tcp/ip stack all traffic with this tuple will go to the connected socket.
    Even though your server may have a thousand

    connections with local address 192.168.1.100 port 80, the client combination of address and port will always be different and thus the tuple is always unique.
    22

    System calls - fork()


    fork() is a C system call used to spawn child

    processes

    Execution for both child and parent process continues at the next instruction fork() returns
    0 if this is the child process PID (>0) of the child process if this is the parent <0 if fork() fails

    Used to keep listening on socket and talking

    on another socket

    23

    24

    Socket Programming in Java

    Stream jargon
    keyboard monitor

    A stream is a sequence of

    characters that flow into or out of a process. An input stream is attached to some input source for the process, e.g., keyboard or socket. An output stream is attached to an output source, e.g., monitor or socket.

    Client Process process

    input stream

    inFromUser

    output stream

    inFromServer

    outToServer

    input stream

    client TCP clientSocket socket


    to network

    TCP socket

    from network

    26

    Example: Java client (TCP)


    import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPClient { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String sentence; String modifiedSentence; Create input stream Create client socket, connect to server Create output stream attached to socket

    BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));


    Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789); DataOutputStream outToServer = new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
    27

    Example: Java client (TCP), cont.


    Create input stream attached to socket

    BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));


    sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

    Send line to server Read line from server

    outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');
    modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine(); System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } }
    28

    Example: Java server (TCP)


    import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPServer { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String clientSentence; String capitalizedSentence;

    Create welcoming socket at port 6789 Wait, on welcoming socket for contact by client Create input stream, attached to socket

    ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);


    while(true) { Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept(); BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));

    29

    Example: Java server (TCP), cont


    Create output stream, attached to socket
    Read in line from socket Write out line to socket } } DataOutputStream outToClient = new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream()); clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

    capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';


    outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence); }

    End of while loop, loop back and wait for another client connection

    30

    Demo

    A simple client server example: Echo Server

    References
    Socket Programming, Dan Rubinstein, http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~danr/courses/6761/Fall00/intro/6761-1bsockets.ppt 15-441 Socket Programming, www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15441f01/www/lectures/lecture03.ppt Network Programming, Geoff Kuenning, www.cs.hmc.edu/~geoff/classes/hmc.cs105.200701/slides/class21_net2.ppt Socket Programming, Abhinav Jain, www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/jain8/cs422/pso3.ppt

    32

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