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    What Is HIPOT Testing Dielectric Strength Test

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    hafizg
    Hipot testing, also known as dielectric strength testing, checks that current will not flow between points where insulation is present. It involves applying a high voltage to test insulation adequacy. Key aspects of hipot testing include applying voltages of 2x operating voltage + 1000V for 1 minute, setting the current limit slightly higher than average product leakage current, and taking safety precautions when using high voltages like erecting barriers and discharging equipment after testing.

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    What Is HIPOT Testing Dielectric Strength Test

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    Hipot testing, also known as dielectric strength testing, checks that current will not flow between points where insulation is present. It involves applying a high voltage to test insulation adequacy. Key aspects of hipot testing include applying voltages of 2x operating voltage + 1000V for 1 minute, setting the current limit slightly higher than average product leakage current, and taking safety precautions when using high voltages like erecting barriers and discharging equipment after testing.

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    Hipot testing, also known as dielectric strength testing, checks that current will not flow between points where insulation is present. It involves applying a high voltage to test insulation adequacy. Key aspects of hipot testing include applying voltages of 2x operating voltage + 1000V for 1 minute, setting the current limit slightly higher than average product leakage current, and taking safety precautions when using high voltages like erecting barriers and discharging equipment after testing.

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    165 views4 pages

    What Is HIPOT Testing Dielectric Strength Test

    Uploaded by

    hafizg
    Hipot testing, also known as dielectric strength testing, checks that current will not flow between points where insulation is present. It involves applying a high voltage to test insulation adequacy. Key aspects of hipot testing include applying voltages of 2x operating voltage + 1000V for 1 minute, setting the current limit slightly higher than average product leakage current, and taking safety precautions when using high voltages like erecting barriers and discharging equipment after testing.

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    What is HIPOT Testing (Dielectric Strength Test)?


    jiguparmar

    Hipot Test is short name of high potential (high voltage) Test and it is also known as Dielectric Withstand Test . A hipot test checks f or good isolation . Hipot test makes surety of no current will f low f rom one point to another point. Hipot test is the opposite of a continuity test. Continuity Test checks surety of current f lows easily f rom one point to another point while Hipot Test checks surety of current would not f low f rom one point to another point (and turn up the voltage really high just to make sure no current will f low).

    Importance of HIPOT Testing

    Hi-Po t te s t is a c o ntrac tio n fo r hig h p o te ntial HV te s ting .

    T he hipot test is a nondestructive test that determines the adequacy of electrical insulation f or the normally occurring over voltage transient. T his is a high-voltage test that is applied to all devices f or a specif ic time in order to ensure that the insulation is not marginal. Advertisement Hipot tests are helpf ul in f inding nicked or crushed insulation, stray wire strands or braided shielding, conductive or corrosive contaminants around the conductors, terminal spacing problems, and tolerance errors in cables. Inadequate creepage and clearance distances introduced during the manuf acturing process. T he production-line hipot test, however, is a test of the manuf acturing process to determine whether the construction of a production unit is about the same as the construction of the unit that was subjected to type testing. Some of the process f ailures that can be detected by a production-line hipot test include, f or example, a transf ormer wound in such a way that creepage and clearance have been reduced. Such a f ailure could result f rom a new operator in the winding department. HIPOT test is applied af ter tests such as f ault condition, humidity, and vibration to determine whether any degradation has taken place. Other examples include identif ying a pinhole def ect in insulation or f inding an enlarged solder f ootprint. As per IEC 60950, T he Basic test Voltage f or Hipot test is the 2X (Operating Voltage) + 1000 V T he reason f or using 1000 V as part of the basic f ormula is that the insulation in any product can be subjected to normal day-to-day transient over voltages. Experiments and research have shown that these over voltages can be as high as 1000 V.

    Video: HIPOT Test Af ter Repair Generator

    Test method f or HIPOT Test


    Hipot testers usually connect one side of the supply to safety ground (Earth ground). T he other side of the supply is connected to the conductor being tested. With the supply connected like this there are two places a given conductor can be connected: high voltage or ground. When you have more than two contacts to be hipot tested you connect one contact to high voltage and connect all other contacts to ground. Testing a contact in this f ashion makes sure it is isolated f rom all other contacts. If the insulation between the two is adequate, then the application of a large voltage dif f erence between the two conductors separated by the insulator would result in the f low of a very small current. Although this small current is acceptable, no breakdown of either the air insulation or the solid insulation should take place. T heref ore, the current of interest is the current that is the result of a partial discharge or breakdown, rather than the current due to capacitive coupling. Top

    Time Durat ion f or HIPOT Test


    T he test duration must be in accordance with the saf ety standard being used. T he test time f or most standards, including products covered under IEC 60950, is 1 minute. A typical rule of thumb is 110 to 120% of 2U + 1000 V f or 12 seconds. Top

    Current Set t ing f or HIPOT Test


    Most modern hipot testers allow the user to set the current limit. However, if the actual leakage current of the product is known, then the hipot test current can be predicted. T he best way to identif y the trip level is to test some product samples and establish an average hipot current. Once this has been achieved, then the leakage current trip level should be set to a slightly higher value than the average f igure. Another method of establishing the current trip level would be to use the f ollowing mathematical f ormula: E(Hipot) / E(Leakage) = I(Hipot) / 2XI(Leakage) T he hipot tester current trip level should be set high enough to avoid nuisance f ailure related to leakage current and, at the same time, low enough not to overlook a true breakdown in insulation. Top

    Test Volt age f or HIPOT Test


    T he majority of saf ety standards allow the use of either ac or dc voltage f or a hipot test. When using ac test voltage, the insulation in question is being stressed most when the voltage is at its peak, i.e., either at the positive or negative peak of the sine wave. T heref ore, if we use dc test voltage, we ensure that the dc test voltage is under root 2 (or 1.414) times the ac test voltage, so the value of the dc voltage is equal to the ac voltage peaks.

    For example, f or a 1500-V-ac voltage, the equivalent dc voltage to produce the same amount of stress on the insulation would be 1500 x 1.414 or 2121 V dc. Top

    Advant ages and Disadvant ages of use DC Volt age f or Hipot Test
    One of the advantages of using a dc test voltage is that the leakage current trip can be set to a much lower value than that of an ac test voltage. T his would allow a manuf acturer to f ilter those products that have marginal insulation, which would have been passed by an ac tester. When using a dc hipot tester, the capacitors in the circuit could be highly charged and, theref ore, a saf edischarge device or setup is needed. However, it is a good practice to always ensure that a product is discharged, regardless of the test voltage or its nature, bef ore it is handled. It applies the voltage gradually. By monitoring the current f low as voltages increase, an operator can detect a potential insulation breakdown bef ore it occurs. A minor disadvantage of the dc hipot tester is that because dc test voltages are more dif f icult to generate, the cost of a dc tester may be slightly higher than that of an ac tester. T he main advantage of the dc test is DC Voltage does not produce harmf ul discharge as readily occur in AC. It can be applied at higher levels without risk or injuring good insulation. T his higher potential can literally sweep-out f ar more local def ects. T he simple series circuit path of a local def ect is more easily carbonized or reduced in resistance by the dc leakage current than by ac, and the lower the f ault path resistance becomes, the more the leakage current increased, thus producing a snow balling ef f ect which leads to the small visible dielectric puncture usually observed. Since the dc is f ree of capacitive division, it is more ef f ective in picking out mechanical damage as well as inclusions or areas in the dielectric which have lower resistance. Top

    Advant ages and Disadvant ages of use AC Volt age f or Hipot Test
    One of the advantages of an ac hipot test is that it can check both voltage polarities, whereas a dc test charges the insulation in only one polarity. T his may become a concern f or products that actually use ac voltage f or their normal operation. T he test setup and procedures are identical f or both ac and dc hipot tests. A minor disadvantage of the ac hipot tester is that if the circuit under test has large values of Y capacitors, then, depending on the current trip setting of the hipot tester, the ac tester could indicate a f ailure. Most saf ety standards allow the user to disconnect the Y capacitors prior to testing or, alternatively, to use a dc hipot tester. T he dc hipot tester would not indicate the f ailure of a unit even with high Y capacitors because the Y capacitors see the voltage but dont pass any current. Top

    St ep f or HIPOT Test ing


    Only electrically qualif ied workers may perf orm this testing. Open circuit breakers or switches to isolate the circuit or Cable that will be hi-pot tested. Conf irm that all equipment or Cable that is not to be tested is isolated f rom the circuit under test.

    T he limited approach boundary f or this hi-pot procedure at 1000 volts is 5 ft. (1.53m) so place barriers around the terminations of cables and equipment under test to prevent unqualif ied persons f rom crossing this boundary. Connect the ground lead of the HIPOT Tester to a suitable building ground or grounding electrode conductor. Attach the high voltage lead to one of the isolated circuit phase conductors. Switch on the HIPOT Tester. Set the meter to 1000 Volts or pre decide DC Voltage. Push the Test button on the meter and af ter one minute observe the resistance reading. Record the reading f or ref erence. At the end of the one minute test, switch the HIPOT Tester f rom the high potential test mode to the voltage measuring mode to conf irm that the circuit phase conductor and voltage of HIPOT Tester are now reading zero volts. Repeat this test procedure f or all circuit phase conductors testing each phase to ground and each phase to each phase. When testing is completed disconnect the HIPOT Tester f rom the circuits under test and conf irm that the circuits are clear to be re-connected and re-energized. To PASS the unit or Cable under Test must be exposed to a minimum Stress of pre decide Voltage f or 1 minute without any Indication of Breakdown. For Equipments with total area less than 0.1 m2, the insulation resistance shall not be less than 400 M. For Equipment with total area larger than 0.1 m2 the measured insulation resistance times the area of the module shall not be less than 40 M m2. Top

    Saf et y precaut ions during HIPOT Test


    During a HIPOT Test, T here may be at some risk so to minimize risk of injury f rom electrical shock make sure HIPOT equipment f ollows these guidelines: 1. T he total charge you can receive in a shock should not exceed 45 uC. 2. T he total hipot energy should not exceed 350 mJ. 3. T he total current should not exceed 5 mA peak (3.5 mA rms) 4. T he f ault current should not stay on longer than 10 mS. 5. If the tester doesnt meet these requirements then make sure it has a saf ety interlock system that guarantees you cannot contact the cable while it is being hipot tested. For Cable: 1. Verify the correct operation of the safety circuits in the equipment every time you calibrate it. 2. Dont touch the cable during hipot testing. 3. Allow the hipot testing to complete bef ore removing the cable. 4. Wear insulating gloves. 5. Dont allow children to use the equipment. 6. If you have any electronic implants then dont use the equipment.

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