04 The Surface Area of Solids

By studying this lesson you will acquire knowledge on the surface area of, a right pyramid with a square base a cone a sphere Look at the solids given below. They may be very familiar to you. These solids are bounded by plane figures. Let us recall the way of finding the surface areas of these solids. The surfaces of each solid are drawn separately. (i) a (ii) There are six such a surfaces a a
There are two such surfaces

c a
There are two such surfaces

There are two such surfaces b

c a

a (iii) (iv)

r a a a
There are two such surfaces

a a

l a

There are three such surfaces

two such surfaces

h
r

one such surface

2 r

a The surface area of a solid can be obtained by finding the surface area of each surface separately

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4.1 Surface area of a right pyramid with a square base

a a

Base

only one such surface

4 such surfaces

a a

Figure I

Figure II

h a a

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A right pyramid of square base is shown in the diagram. The length of a bottom edge is 12 cm. the other edges are 10 cm each. Find the surface area of the right pyramid. To find the surface area of a triangle, let us first find the height h. Applying Pythagoras theorem to the triangle EBC
E E

10cm

h C

10cm

12cm A B

6 cm F 12cm

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The perpendicular height of a square based pyramid is 9 cm. The length of a side of the base is 24 cm. Find the surface area of the pyramid.
E E 9cm D A O 24 cm B F 24 cm E

x
C

9cm

x
F 12cm B

x
C 24 cm

The surface area of the triangular faces of a square based pyramid is 240 cm2. If the length of a side of the base is 12 cm. find the height of a triangular face. A

12 cm

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Exercise 4.1
(1) The net of a right pyramid is shown in the diagram. Find the surface area of the pyramid. Use 3 = 1.732

2 cm

(2) The diagram of a square based right pyramid is shown below. Find the surface area of the pyramid, if its perpendicular height is 8 cm.

8 cm

12 cm 12 cm

(3) A side of the base of a square based right pyramid is 6 cm and the length of a slant edge is 5 cm. Find the surface area without the area of the base. (4) Ajith is planning to build a tent in the shape of a pyramid. For the construction, he has 4 sticks each of length 6 m for the base and 4 sticks each of length 5m for the slant edges. Find the area of the cloth needed to cover the pyramid completely. (5) The surface area of a square based right pyramid is 340 cm2. A side of the base is 10 cm. (i) Find the perpendicular height of a triangular face. (ii) Find the length of a slant edge of a triangular face.

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4.2 Surface Area of a Cone

whose A solid object having a circular base and vertex situated above the centre of the base, is called a right circular cone

l l

r
r

Figure I

Figure II

Figure IV

When a cone made of paper as shown in figure 1 is cut with care along the slant edge, and straightened out, then a sector is obtained as shown in figure II. The arc length of the sector is 2 r (where r is the radius of the circular base ) and the slant length is l. Suppose, it is now cut into very small sectors and pasted as shown in figure III. The geometric shape obtained appears to be a rectangle.

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Example 4

20 cm

14 cm

11 cm

l
11 cm

7 cm

7 cm

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Find the surface area of a solid cone of slant height 16cm and circumference 66 cm.
r

16 cm

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Example 7 The area of the curved surface of a cone is 440 cm 2. Its slant height is 20 cm. Find the perimeter of the base. Area of the curved surface rl 22 7 r 20 r r the radius = rl = 440 cm = 440 cm = 440 cm = 440 7 22 20 = 7 = 7cm

Perimeter of the base

= 2 r 22 = 2 7 7 = 44 cm

20 cm r = 7 cm

r = 7 cm

An object formed by joining two identical solid cones is shown in the diagram. Find the surface area of the object. The radius of the base of each cone is 7 cm.

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Exercise 4.2 (1) Find the surface area of a solid cone of radius 7 cm and slant height 12 cm. (2) Nimal wants to find the radius of the circular base of a heap of sand in the shape of a cone. Suggest a method of finding the radius. (3) The diagram shows a conical butterfly hand net. The radius of the circular frame is 7 cm and the perpendicular height is 24 cm. Find the area of the cloth used to make the hand net. (Ignore the cloth used for joining) (4) The circumference of the base of a right conical shaped heap of sand is 528cm. The slant height of the heap of sand is 140 cm Find an approximate value for the area on which the heap of sand is spread. Find the area of the curved surface. (5) Kamal wishes to make a conical tent. He decides that the height of the tent should be 200 cm, and the radius l.5 m. Find the area of the canvas required. to make the tent. (Ignore canvas used for joining)

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4.3 Surface Area of a Sphere

A globe

A soccer ball

A ball

The solids similar to those illustrated in the above diagrams are spheres. Archimedes stated that the surface area of a sphere is equal to the area of the curved surface of a cylinder which has the same radius as the sphere and has height equal to the diameter of the sphere.

Area of the curved surface of the cylinder = 2 r 2r 2r = 4 r2 square units

Surface area of a sphere of radius r

= 4 r2 square units

If the surface area of a sphere is equal to the area of the curved surface of a
cylinder, that cylinder is called the circumscribed cylinder of the particular sphere.

Do you know : When the sphere is circumscribed by the cylinder, the area of the portion separated by AC and BD which are parallel to the circular cross section of the cylinder is equal to the area of the cut portion of the sphere.

A B

C D

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The surface area of a hemisphere The surface area of any portion of a sphere can be obtained by means of its circumscribed cylinder. Area of the curved surface of a hemisphere =2 r r r = 2 r square units Total surface area of a hemisphere = r +2 r
2 2 2 = 3 r square units 2

Find
Are the surface areas of the un - shaded parts in the two figures qual ?

2r r

r l l

Example 8 Find the surface area of a sphere of radius 14 cm. ( Take Radius of the sphere = 14 cm Surface area of the sphere = 4 r2 = 4 22 2 14 14 cm 7 = 22 ) 7

2 = 2464 cm

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Example 9 The surface area of a sphere is 154 cm2. Find the radius of the sphere. The surface area of the sphere 4 r2 r2 r2 r2 r

= 4 r2 = 154cm2 = 154 154 = 4 154 = 22 4 7 1547 7 7 = = 4 22 4 7 = 2

The radius = 3.5 cm

Example 10 A hemisphere is shown in the figure. The surface area is 462 cm2. Find the radius.

The surface area of the curved part of the hemisphere The surface area of the circular part of the hemisphere Total surface area of the hemisphere 3 r2 22 3 r 2 7

2 = 2 r 2 = r 2 = 3 r = 462 cm2

= 462 cm2 462 7 cm2 3 x 22 = 49 cm2

r2 = r2 r

= 7

The radius = 7 cm
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Example 11 A thin copper plate is of length 280 cm and width 220 cm. How many hollow spheres of radius 7 cm can be made using the whole sheet? ( Consider that there was no wastage when melting) Surface area of a sphere of radius r =4 r 22 = 4 7 7 cm2 7 = 616 cm2 = 280 220 cm2 = 280 220 616 = 100
2

Area of the sheet No. of spheres

Exercise 4.3 (1) Find the surface area of a sphere of radius 14 cm. (2) Find the surface area of a solid sphere of radius 7 cm. (3) The radius of a sphere is 10 cm. Find the surface area of the circumscribed cylinder of the particular sphere. (4) Find the area of the surface of a hemispherical solid object of radius7 cm. (5) The surface area of a sphere is 616 cm2. Find its radius.

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