DP8390 PDF

DP8390D NS32490D NIC Network Interface Controller
July 1995

General Description
The DP8390D NS32490D Network Interface Controller (NIC) is a microCMOS VLSI device designed to ease interfacing with CSMA CD type local area networks including Ethernet Thin Ethernet (Cheapernet) and StarLAN The NIC implements all Media Access Control (MAC) layer functions for transmission and reception of packets in accordance with the IEEE 802 3 Standard Unique dual DMA channels and an internal FIFO provide a simple yet efficient packet management design To minimize system parts count and cost all bus arbitration and memory support logic are integrated into the NIC The NIC is the heart of a three chip set that implements the complete IEEE 802 3 protocol and node electronics as shown below The others include the DP8391 Serial Network Interface (SNI) and the DP8392 Coaxial Transceiver Interface (CTI)
Table of Contents
1 0 SYSTEM DIAGRAM 2 0 BLOCK DIAGRAM 3 0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 4 0 TRANSMIT RECEIVE PACKET ENCAPSULATION DECAPSULATION 5 0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS 6 0 DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS CONTROL (DMA) 7 0 PACKET RECEPTION 8 0 PACKET TRANSMISSION 9 0 REMOTE DMA 10 0 INTERNAL REGISTERS 11 0 INITIALIZATION PROCEDURES 12 0 LOOPBACK DIAGNOSTICS 13 0 BUS ARBITRATION AND TIMING 14 0 PRELIMINARY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 15 0 SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS 16 0 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
Features
Y Y
Y Y Y Y
Y Y
Compatible with IEEE 802 3 Ethernet II Thin Ethernet StarLAN Interfaces with 8- 16- and 32-bit microprocessor systems Implements simple versatile buffer management Requires single 5V supply Utilizes low power microCMOS process Includes Two 16-bit DMA channels 16-byte internal FIFO with programmable threshold Network statistics storage Supports physical multicast and broadcast address filtering Provides 3 levels of loopback Utilizes independent system and network clocks
1 0 System Diagram
IEEE 802 3 Compatible Ethernet Thin Ethernet Local Area Network Chip Set
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TRI-STATE is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
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RRD-B30M105 Printed in U S A
2 0 Block Diagram
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FIGURE 1
3 0 Functional Description
(Refer to Figure 1 ) RECEIVE DESERIALIZER The Receive Deserializer is activated when the input signal Carrier Sense is asserted to allow incoming bits to be shifted into the shift register by the receive clock The serial receive data is also routed to the CRC generator checker The Receive Deserializer includes a synch detector which detects the SFD (Start of Frame Delimiter) to establish where byte boundaries within the serial bit stream are located After every eight receive clocks the byte wide data is transferred to the 16-byte FIFO and the Receive Byte Count is incremented The first six bytes after the SFD are checked for valid comparison by the Address Recognition Logic If the Address Recognition Logic does not recognize the packet the FIFO is cleared CRC GENERATOR CHECKER During transmission the CRC logic generates a local CRC field for the transmitted bit sequence The CRC encodes all fields after the synch byte The CRC is shifted out MSB first following the last transmit byte During reception the CRC logic generates a CRC field from the incoming packet This local CRC is serially compared to the incoming CRC appended to the end of the packet by the transmitting node If the local and received CRC match a specific pattern will be generated and decoded to indicate no data errors Transmission errors result in a different pattern and are detected resulting in rejection of a packet TRANSMIT SERIALIZER The Transmit Serializer reads parallel data from the FIFO and serializes it for transmission The serializer is clocked by the transmit clock generated by the Serial Network Interface (DP8391) The serial data is also shifted into the CRC generator checker At the beginning of each transmission the Preamble and Synch Generator append 62 bits of 1 0 preamble and a 1 1 synch pattern After the last data byte of the packet has been serialized the 32-bit FCS field is shifted directly out of the CRC generator In the event of a collision the Preamble and Synch generator is used to generate a 32-bit JAM pattern of all 1s ADDRESS RECOGNITION LOGIC The address recognition logic compares the Destination Address Field (first 6 bytes of the received packet) to the Physical address registers stored in the Address Register Array If any one of the six bytes does not match the pre-programmed physical address the Protocol Control Logic rejects the packet All multicast destination addresses are filtered using a hashing technique (See register description ) If the multicast address indexes a bit that has been set in the filter bit array of the Multicast Address Register Array the packet is accepted otherwise it is rejected by the Protocol Control Logic Each destination address is also checked for all 1s which is the reserved broadcast address FIFO AND FIFO CONTROL LOGIC The NIC features a 16-byte FIFO During transmission the DMA writes data into the FIFO and the Transmit Serializer reads data from the FIFO and transmits it During reception the Receive Deserializer writes data into the FIFO and the DMA reads data from the FIFO The FIFO control logic is used to count the number of bytes in the FIFO so that after a preset level the DMA can begin a bus access and write read data to from the FIFO before a FIFO underflow overflow occurs
3 0 Functional Description (Continued)

Because the NIC must buffer the Address field of each incoming packet to determine whether the packet matches its Physical Address Registers or maps to one of its Multicast Registers the first local DMA transfer does not occur until 8 bytes have accumulated in the FIFO To assure that there is no overwriting of data in the FIFO the FIFO logic flags a FIFO overrun as the 13th byte is written into the FIFO this effectively shortens the FIFO to 13 bytes In addition the FIFO logic operates differently in Byte Mode than in Word Mode In Byte Mode a threshold is indicated when the n a 1 byte has entered the FIFO thus with an 8-byte threshold the NIC issues Bus Request (BREQ) when the 9th byte has entered the FIFO For Word Mode BREQ is not generated until the n a 2 bytes have entered the FIFO Thus with a 4 word threshold (equivalent to an 8-byte threshold) BREQ is issued when the 10th byte has entered the FIFO PROTOCOL PLA The protocol PLA is responsible for implementing the IEEE 802 3 protocol including collision recovery with random backoff The Protocol PLA also formats packets during transmission and strips preamble and synch during reception DMA AND BUFFER CONTROL LOGIC The DMA and Buffer Control Logic is used to control two 16-bit DMA channels During reception the Local DMA stores packets in a receive buffer ring located in buffer memory During transmission the Local DMA uses programmed pointer and length registers to transfer a packet from local buffer memory to the FIFO A second DMA channel is used as a slave DMA to transfer data between the local buffer memory and the host system The Local DMA and Remote DMA are internally arbitrated with the Local DMA channel having highest priority Both DMA channels use a common external bus clock to generate all required bus timing External arbitration is performed with a standard bus request bus acknowledge handshake protocol two bit pattern This allows any preceding preamble within the SFD to be used for phase locking DESTINATION ADDRESS The destination address indicates the destination of the packet on the network and is used to filter unwanted packets from reaching a node There are three types of address formats supported by the NIC physical multicast and broadcast The physical address is a unique address that corresponds only to a single node All physical addresses have an MSB of 0 These addresses are compared to the internally stored physical address registers Each bit in the destination address must match in order for the NIC to accept the packet Multicast addresses begin with an MSB of 1 The DP8390D filters multicast addresses using a standard hashing algorithm that maps all multicast addresses into a 6-bit value This 6-bit value indexes a 64-bit array that filters the value If the address consists of all 1s it is a broadcast address indicating that the packet is intended for all nodes A promiscuous mode allows reception of all packets the destination address is not required to match any filters Physical broadcast multicast and promiscuous address modes can be selected SOURCE ADDRESS The source address is the physical address of the node that sent the packet Source addresses cannot be multicast or broadcast addresses This field is simply passed to buffer memory LENGTH FIELD The 2-byte length field indicates the number of bytes that are contained in the data field of the packet This field is not interpreted by the NIC DATA FIELD The data field consists of anywhere from 46 to 1500 bytes Messages longer than 1500 bytes need to be broken into multiple packets Messages shorter than 46 bytes will require appending a pad to bring the data field to the minimum length of 46 bytes If the data field is padded the number of valid data bytes is indicated in the length field The NIC does not strip or append pad bytes for short packets or check for oversize packets FCS FIELD The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is a 32-bit CRC field calculated and appended to a packet during transmission to allow detection of errors when a packet is received During reception error free packets result in a specific pattern in the CRC generator Packets with improper CRC will be rejected The AUTODIN II (X32 a X26 a X23 a X22 a X16 a X12 a X11 a X10 a X8 a X7 a X5 a X4 a X2 a X1 a 1) polynomial is used for the CRC calculations
4 0 Transmit Receive Packet Encapsulation Decapsulation

A standard IEEE 802 3 packet consists of the following fields preamble Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) destination address source address length data and Frame Check Sequence (FCS) The typical format is shown in Figure 2 The packets are Manchester encoded and decoded by the DP8391 SNI and transferred serially to the NIC using NRZ data with a clock All fields are of fixed length except for the data field The NIC generates and appends the preamble SFD and FCS field during transmission The Preamble and SFD fields are stripped during reception (The CRC is passed through to buffer memory during reception ) PREAMBLE AND START OF FRAME DELIMITER (SFD) The Manchester encoded alternating 1 0 preamble field is used by the SNI (DP8391) to acquire bit synchronization with an incoming packet When transmitted each packet contains 62 bits of alternating 1 0 preamble Some of this preamble will be lost as the packet travels through the network The preamble field is stripped by the NIC Byte alignment is performed with the Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) pattern which consists of two consecutive 1s The NIC does not treat the SFD pattern as a byte it detects only the
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FIGURE 2
Connection Diagrams
Plastic Chip Carrier Dual-In-Line Package
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Order Number DP8390DN or DP8390DV See NS Package Number N48A or V68A
5 0 Pin Descriptions
BUS INTERFACE PINS Symbol AD0 AD15 DIP Pin No 112 14 17 Function I OZ Description MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS DATA BUS Register Access with DMA inactive CS low and ACK returned from NIC pins AD0AD7 are used to read write register data AD8 AD15 float during I O transfers SRD SWR pins are used to select direction of transfer Bus Master with BACK input asserted During t1 of memory cycle AD0 AD15 contain address During t2 t3 t4 AD0 AD15 contain data (word transfer mode) During t2 t3 t4 AD0 AD7 contain data AD8 AD15 contain address (byte transfer mode) Direction of transfer is indicated by NIC on MWR MRD lines ADDRESS STROBE 0 Input with DMA inactive and CS low latches RA0RA3 inputs on falling edge If high data present on RA0RA3 will flow through latch Output when Bus Master latches address bits (A0A15) to external memory during DMA transfers
ADS0
18
I OZ
5 0 Pin Descriptions (Continued)

BUS INTERFACE PINS (Continued) Symbol CS DIP Pin No 19 Function I Description CHIP SELECT Chip Select places controller in slave mode for mP access to internal registers Must be valid through data portion of bus cycle RA0 RA3 are used to select the internal register SWR and SRD select direction of data transfer MASTER WRITE STROBE Strobe for DMA transfers active low during write cycles (t2 t3 tw) to buffer memory Rising edge coincides with the presence of valid output data TRI-STATE until BACK asserted MASTER READ STROBE Strobe for DMA transfers active during read cycles (t2 t3 tw) to buffer memory Input data must be valid on rising edge of MRD TRI-STATE until BACK asserted SLAVE WRITE STROBE Strobe from CPU to write an internal register selected by RA0 RA3 SLAVE READ STROBE Strobe from CPU to read an internal register selected by RA0 RA3 ACKNOWLEDGE Active low when NIC grants access to CPU Used to insert WAIT states to CPU until NIC is synchronized for a register read or write operation REGISTER ADDRESS These four pins are used to select a register to be read or written The state of these inputs is ignored when the NIC is not in slave mode (CS high) PORT READ Enables data from external latch onto local bus during a memory write cycle to local memory (remote write operation) This allows asynchronous transfer of data from the system memory to local memory WRITE ACKNOWLEDGE Issued from system to NIC to indicate that data has been written to the external latch The NIC will begin a write cycle to place the data in local memory INTERRUPT Indicates that the NIC requires CPU attention after reception transmission or completion of DMA transfers The interrupt is cleared by writing to the ISR All interrupts are maskable RESET Reset is active low and places the NIC in a reset mode immediately no packets are transmitted or received by the NIC until STA bit is set Affects Command Register Interrupt Mask Register Data Configuration Register and Transmit Configuration Register The NIC will execute reset within 10 BUSK cycles BUS REQUEST Bus Request is an active high signal used to request the bus for DMA transfers This signal is automatically generated when the FIFO needs servicing BUS ACKNOWLEDGE Bus Acknowledge is an active high signal indicating that the CPU has granted the bus to the NIC If immediate bus access is desired BREQ should be tied to BACK Tying BACK to VCC will result in a deadlock PORT REQUEST ADDRESS STROBE 1 32-BIT MODE If LAS is set in the Data Configuration Register this line is programmed as ADS1 It is used to strobe addresses A16 A31 into external latches (A16 A31 are the fixed addresses stored in RSAR0 RSAR1 ) ADS1 will remain at TRI-STATE until BACK is received 16-BIT MODE If LAS is not set in the Data Configuration Register this line is programmed as PRQ and is used for Remote DMA Transfers In this mode PRQ will be a standard logic output NOTE This line will power up as TRI-STATE until the Data Configuration Register is programmed READY This pin is set high to insert wait states during a DMA transfer The NIC will sample this signal at t3 during DMA transfers
MWR
20
OZ
MRD
21
OZ
SWR SRD ACK
22 23 24
I I O
RA0 RA3
4548
PRD
44
WACK
43
INT
42
RESET
41
BREQ
31
BACK
30
PRQ ADS1
29
OZ
READY
28
5 0 Pin Descriptions (Continued)

BUS INTERFACE PINS (Continued) Symbol PWR DIP Pin No 27 Function O Description PORT WRITE Strobe used to latch data from the NIC into external latch for transfer to host memory during Remote Read transfers The rising edge of PWR coincides with the presence of valid data on the local bus READ ACKNOWLEDGE Indicates that the system DMA or host CPU has read the data placed in the external latch by the NIC The NIC will begin a read cycle to update the latch This clock is used to establish the period of the DMA memory cycle Four clock cycles (t1 t2 t3 t4) are used per DMA cycle DMA transfers can be extended by one BSCK increments using the READY input COLLISION DETECT This line becomes active when a collision has been detected on the coaxial cable During transmission this line is monitored after preamble and synch have been transmitted At the end of each transmission this line is monitored for CD heartbeat RECEIVE DATA Serial NRZ data received from the ENDEC clocked into the NIC on the rising edge of RXC CARRIER SENSE This signal is provided by the ENDEC and indicates that carrier is present This signal is active high RECEIVE CLOCK Re-synchronized clock from the ENDEC used to clock data from the ENDEC into the NIC LOOPBACK This output is set high when the NIC is programmed to perform a loopback through the StarLAN ENDEC TRANSMIT DATA Serial NRZ Data output to the ENDEC The data is valid on the rising edge of TXC TRANSMIT CLOCK This clock is used to provide timing for internal operation and to shift bits out of the transmit serializer TXC is nominally a 1 MHz clock provided by the ENDEC TRANSMIT ENABLE This output becomes active when the first bit of the packet is valid on TXD and goes low after the last bit of the packet is clocked out of TXD This signal connects directly to the ENDEC This signal is active high
a 5V DC is required It is suggested that a decoupling capacitor be connected between these pins It is essential to provide a path to ground for the GND pin with the lowest possible impedance
RACK
26
BSCK
25
NETWORK INTERFACE PINS COL 40 I
RXD CRS RXC LBK TXD TXC
39 38 37 35 34 33
I I I O O I
TXE
32
POWER VCC GND 36 13
6 0 Direct Memory Access Control (DMA)

The DMA capabilities of the NIC greatly simplify use of the DP8390D in typical configurations The local DMA channel transfers data between the FIFO and memory On transmission the packet is DMAd from memory to the FIFO in bursts Should a collision occur (up to 15 times) the packet is retransmitted with no processor intervention On reception packets are DMAed from the FIFO to the receive buffer ring (as explained below) A remote DMA channel is also provided on the NIC to accomplish transfers between a buffer memory and system memory The two DMA channels can alternatively be combined to form a single 32-bit address with 8- or 16-bit data DUAL DMA CONFIGURATION An example configuration using both the local and remote DMA channels is shown below Network activity is isolated on a local bus where the NICs local DMA channel performs burst transfers between the buffer memory and the NICs FIFO The Remote DMA transfers data between the buffer memory and the host memory via a bidirectional I O port The Remote DMA provides local addressing capability and is used as a slave DMA by the host Host side addressing must be provided by a host DMA or the CPU The NIC allows Local and Remote DMA operations to be interleaved SINGLE CHANNEL DMA OPERATION If desirable the two DMA channels can be combined to provide a 32-bit DMA address The upper 16 bits of the 32bit address are static and are used to point to a 64k byte (or 32k word) page of memory where packets are to be received and transmitted
6 0 Direct Memory Access Control (DMA) (Continued)

Dual Bus System
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32-Bit DMA Operation
7 0 Packet Reception
The Local DMA receive channel uses a Buffer Ring Structure comprised of a series of contiguous fixed length 256 byte (128 word) buffers for storage of received packets The location of the Receive Buffer Ring is programmed in two registers a Page Start and a Page Stop Register Ethernet packets consist of a distribution of shorter link control packets and longer data packets the 256 byte buffer length provides a good compromise between short packets and longer packets to most efficiently use memory In addition these buffers provide memory resources for storage of back-toback packets in loaded networks The assignment of buffers
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NIC Receive Buffer Ring
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7 0 Packet Reception (Continued)

for storing packets is controlled by Buffer Management Logic in the NIC The Buffer Management Logic provides three basic functions linking receive buffers for long packets recovery of buffers when a packet is rejected and recirculation of buffer pages that have been read by the host At initialization a portion of the 64k byte (or 32k word) address space is reserved for the receive buffer ring Two eight bit registers the Page Start Address Register (PSTART) and the Page Stop Address Register (PSTOP) define the physical boundaries of where the buffers reside The NIC treats the list of buffers as a logical ring whenever the DMA address reaches the Page Stop Address the DMA is reset to the Page Start Address INITIALIZATION OF THE BUFFER RING Two static registers and two working registers control the operation of the Buffer Ring These are the Page Start Register Page Stop Register (both described previously) the Current Page Register and the Boundary Pointer Register The Current Page Register points to the first buffer used to store a packet and is used to restore the DMA for writing status to the Buffer Ring or for restoring the DMA address in the event of a Runt packet a CRC or Frame Alignment error The Boundary Register points to the first packet in the Ring not yet read by the host If the local DMA address ever reaches the Boundary reception is aborted The Boundary Pointer is also used to initialize the Remote DMA for removing a packet and is advanced when a packet is removed A simple analogy to remember the function of these registers is that the Current Page Register acts as a Write Pointer and the Boundary Pointer acts as a Read Pointer
Note 1 At initialization the Page Start Register value should be loaded into both the Current Page Register and the Boundary Pointer Register Note 2 The Page Start Register must not be initialized to 00H
Register An offset of 4 bytes is saved in this first buffer to allow room for storing receive status corresponding to this packet Received Packet Enters Buffer Pages
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Receive Buffer Ring At Initialization
LINKING RECEIVE BUFFER PAGES If the length of the packet exhausts the first 256 byte buffer the DMA performs a forward link to the next buffer to store the remainder of the packet For a maximal length packet the buffer logic will link six buffers to store the entire packet Buffers cannot be skipped when linking a packet will always be stored in contiguous buffers Before the next buffer can be linked the Buffer Management Logic performs two comparisons The first comparison tests for equality between the DMA address of the next buffer and the contents of the Page Stop Register If the buffer address equals the Page Stop Register the buffer management logic will restore the DMA to the first buffer in the Receive Buffer Ring value programmed in the Page Start Address Register The second comparison tests for equality between the DMA address of the next buffer address and the contents of the Boundary Pointer Register If the two values are equal the reception is aborted The Boundary Pointer Register can be used to protect against overwriting any area in the receive buffer ring that has not yet been read When linking buffers buffer management will never cross this pointer effectively avoiding any overwrites If the buffer address does not match either the Boundary Pointer or Page Stop Address the link to the next buffer is performed Linking Buffers Before the DMA can enter the next contiguous 256 byte buffer the address is checked for equality to PSTOP and to the Boundary Pointer If neither are reached the DMA is allowed to use the next buffer
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BEGINNING OF RECEPTION When the first packet begins arriving the NIC begins storing the packet at the location pointed to by the Current Page
Linking Receive Buffer Pages
1) Check for e to PSTOP 2) Check for e to Boundary

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Received Packet Aborted if It Hits Boundary Pointer
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Buffer Ring Overflow If the Buffer Ring has been filled and the DMA reaches the Boundary Pointer Address reception of the incoming packet will be aborted by the NIC Thus the packets previously received and still contained in the Ring will not be destroyed In a heavily loaded network environment the local DMA may be disabled preventing the NIC from buffering packets from the network To guarantee this will not happen a software reset must be issued during all Receive Buffer Ring overflows (indicated by the OVW bit in the Interrupt Status Register) The following procedure is required to recover from a Receiver Buffer Ring Overflow If this routine is not adhered to the NIC may act in an unpredictable manner It should also be noted that it is not permissible to service an overflow interrupt by continuing to empty packets from the receive buffer without implementing the prescribed overflow routine A flow chart of the NICs overflow routine can be found at the right
Note It is necessary to define a variable in the driver which will be called Resend
1 Read and store the value of the TXP bit in the NICs Command Register 2 Issue the STOP command to the NIC This is accomplished be setting the STP bit in the NICs Command Register Writing 21H to the Command Register will stop the NIC
Note If the STP is set when a transmission is in progress the RST bit may not be set In this case the NIC is guaranteed to be reset after the longest packet time (1500 bytes e 1 2 ms) For the DP8390D (but not for the DP8390B) the NIC will be reset within 2 microseconds after the STP bit is set and Loopback mode 1 is programmed
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Overflow Routine Flow Chart 5 Read the stored value of the TXP bit from step 1 above If this value is a 0 set the Resend variable to a 0 and jump to step 6 If this value is a 1 read the NICs Interrupt Status Register If either the Packet Transmitted bit (PTX) or Transmit Error bit (TXE) is set to a 1 set the Resend variable to a 0 and jump to step 6 If neither of these bits is set place a 1 in the Resend variable and jump to step 6 This step determines if there was a transmission in progress when the stop command was issued in step 2 If there was a transmission in progress the NICs ISR is read to determine whether or not the packet was recognized by the NIC If neither the PTX nor TXE bit was set 9
3 Wait for at least 1 6 ms Since the NIC will complete any transmission or reception that is in progress it is necessary to time out for the maximum possible duration of an Ethernet transmission or reception By waiting 1 6 ms this is achieved with some guard band added Previously it was recommended that the RST bit of the Interrupt Status Register be polled to insure that the pending transmission or reception is completed This bit is not a reliable indicator and subsequently should be ignored 4 Clear the NICs Remote Byte Count registers (RBCR0 and RBCR1)

then the packet will essentially be lost and re-transmitted only after a time-out takes place in the upper level software By determining that the packet was lost at the driver level a transmit command can be reissued to the NIC once the overflow routine is completed (as in step 11) Also it is possible for the NIC to defer indefinitely when it is stopped on a busy network Step 5 also alleviates this problem Step 5 is essential and should not be omitted from the overflow routine in order for the NIC to operate correctly Place the NIC in either mode 1 or mode 2 loopback This can be accomplished by setting bits D2 and D1 of the Transmit Configuration Register to 0 1 or 1 0 respectively Issue the START command to the NIC This can be accomplished by writing 22H to the Command Register This is necessary to activate the NICs Remote DMA channel Remove one or more packets from the receive buffer ring Reset the overwrite warning (OVW overflow) bit in the Interrupt Status Register Take the NIC out of loopback This is done by writing the Transmit Configuration Register with the value it contains during normal operation (Bits D2 and D1 should both be programmed to 0 ) If the Resend variable is set to a 1 reset the Resend variable and reissue the transmit command This is done by writing a value of 26H to the Command Register If the Resend variable is 0 nothing needs to be done to by the Current Page Register) The DMA then stores the Receive Status a Pointer to where the next packet will be stored (Buffer 4) and the number of received bytes Note that the remaining bytes in the last buffer are discarded and reception of the next packet begins on the next empty 256byte buffer boundary The Current Page Register is then initialized to the next available buffer in the Buffer Ring (The location of the next buffer had been previously calculated and temporarily stored in an internal scratchpad register ) BUFFER RECOVERY FOR REJECTED PACKETS If the packet is a runt packet or contains CRC or Frame Alignment errors it is rejected The buffer management logic resets the DMA back to the first buffer page used to store the packet (pointed to by CURR) recovering all buffers that had been used to store the rejected packet This operation will not be performed if the NIC is programmed to accept either runt packets or packets with CRC or Frame Alignment errors The received CRC is always stored in buffer memory after the last byte of received data for the packet Termination of Received Packet Packet Rejected
8 9 10
11
Note If Remote DMA is not being used the NIC does not need to be started before packets can be removed from the receive buffer ring Hence step 8 could be done before step 7
END OF PACKET OPERATIONS At the end of the packet the NIC determines whether the received packet is to be accepted or rejected It either branches to a routine to store the Buffer Header or to another routine that recovers the buffers used to store the packet SUCCESSFUL RECEPTION If the packet is successfully received as shown the DMA is restored to the first buffer used to store the packet (pointed Termination of Received Packet Packet Accepted
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Error Recovery If the packet is rejected as shown the DMA is restored by the NIC by reprogramming the DMA starting address pointed to by the Current Page Register REMOVING PACKETS FROM THE RING Packets are removed from the ring using the Remote DMA or an external device When using the Remote DMA the Send Packet command can be used This programs the Remote DMA to automatically remove the received packet pointed to by the Boundary Pointer At the end of the transfer the NIC moves the Boundary Pointer freeing additional buffers for reception The Boundary Pointer can also be moved manually by programming the Boundary Register Care should be taken to keep the Boundary Pointer at least one buffer behind the Current Page Pointer The following is a suggested method for maintaining the Receive Buffer Ring pointers 1 At initialization set up a software variable (next pkt) to indicate where the next packet will be read At the beginning of each Remote Read DMA operation the value of next pkt will be loaded into RSAR0 and RSAR1 2 When initializing the NIC set BNDRY e PSTART CURR e PSTART a 1 next pkt e PSTART a 1
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10

3 After a packet is DMAed from the Receive Buffer Ring the Next Page Pointer (second byte in NIC buffer header) is used to update BNDRY and next pkt next pkt e Next Page Pointer BNDRY e Next Page Pointer b 1 If BNDRY k PSTART then BNDRY e PSTOP b 1 Note the size of the Receive Buffer Ring is reduced by one 256-byte buffer this will not however impede the operation of the NIC In StarLAN applications using bus clock frequencies greater than 4 MHz the NIC does not update the buffer header information properly because of the disparity between the network and bus clock speeds The lower byte count is copied twice into the third and fourth locations of the buffer header and the upper byte count is not written The upper byte count however can be calculated from the current next page pointer (second byte in the buffer header) and the previous next page pointer (stored in memory by the CPU) The following routine calculates the upper byte count and allows StarLAN applications to be insensitive to bus clock speeds Next pkt is defined similarly as above 1st Received Packet Removed By Remote DMA AD15 AD8 AD7 AD0 Next Packet Pointer Receive Byte Count 0 Byte 1 Receive Status Receive Byte Count 1 Byte 2
BOS e 1 WTS e 1 in Data Configuration Register
This format used with 68000 type processors

Note The Receive Byte Count ordering remains the same for BOS e 0 or 1
AD7 Receive Status Next Packet Pointer Receive Byte Count 0 Receive Byte Count 1 Byte 0 Byte 1
AD0
This format used with general 8-bit CPUs
8 0 Packet Transmission
The Local DMA is also used during transmission of a packet Three registers control the DMA transfer during transmission a Transmit Page Start Address Register (TPSR) and the Transmit Byte Count Registers (TBCR0 1) When the NIC receives a command to transmit the packet pointed to by these registers buffer memory data will be moved into the FIFO as required during transmission The NIC will generate and append the preamble synch and CRC fields TRANSMIT PACKET ASSEMBLY The NIC requires a contiguous assembled packet with the format shown The transmit byte count includes the Destination Address Source Address Length Field and Data It does not include preamble and CRC When transmitting data smaller than 46 bytes the packet must be padded to a minimum size of 64 bytes The programmer is responsible for adding and stripping pad bytes General Transmit Packet Format
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upper byte count e next page pointer b next pkt b 1 if (upper byte count) k 0 then upper byte count e (PSTOP b next pkt) a (next page pointer b PSTART) b 1 if (lower byte count) l 0 fch then upper byte count e upper byte count a 1 STORAGE FORMAT FOR RECEIVED PACKETS The following diagrams describe the format for how received packets are placed into memory by the local DMA channel These modes are selected in the Data Configuration Register Storage Format AD15 AD8 AD7 AD0
Next Packet Pointer Receive Byte Count 1 Byte 2
Receive Status Receive Byte Count 0

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Byte 1
This format used with Series 32000 808X type processors
11
8 0 Packet Transmission (Continued)

TRANSMISSION Prior to transmission the TPSR (Transmit Page Start Register) and TBCR0 TBCR1 (Transmit Byte Count Registers) must be initialized To initiate transmission of the packet the TXP bit in the Command Register is set The Transmit Status Register (TSR) is cleared and the NIC begins to prefetch transmit data from memory (unless the NIC is currently receiving) If the interframe gap has timed out the NIC will begin transmission CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO BEGIN TRANSMISSION In order to transmit a packet the following three conditions must be met 1 The Interframe Gap Timer has timed out the first 6 4 ms of the Interframe Gap (See appendix for Interframe Gap Flowchart) 2 At least one byte has entered the FIFO (This indicates that the burst transfer has been started) 3 If the NIC had collided the backoff timer has expired In typical systems the NIC has already prefetched the first burst of bytes before the 6 4 ms timer expires The time during which NIC transmits preamble can also be used to load the FIFO
Note If carrier sense is asserted before a byte has been loaded into the FIFO the NIC will become a receiver
D15 DA0 DA2 DA4 SA0 SA2 SA4 T L0 DATA 0
D8 D7 DA1 DA3 DA5 SA1 SA3 SA5 T L1 DATA 1
D0
This format is used with 68000 type processors D7 DA0 DA1 DA2 DA3 DA4 D0
COLLISION RECOVERY During transmission the Buffer Management logic monitors the transmit circuitry to determine if a collision has occurred If a collision is detected the Buffer Management logic will reset the FIFO and restore the Transmit DMA pointers for retransmission of the packet The COL bit will be set in the TSR and the NCR (Number of Collisions Register) will be incremented If 15 retransmissions each result in a collision the transmission will be aborted and the ABT bit in the TSR will be set
Note NCR reads as zeroes if excessive collisions are encountered
DA5 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3

This format is used with general 8-bit CPUs

Note All examples above will result in a transmission of a packet in order of DA0 DA1 DA2 DA3 bits within each byte will be transmitted least significant bit first DA e Destination Address SA e Source Address T L e Type Length Field
TRANSMIT PACKET ASSEMBLY FORMAT The following diagrams describe the format for how packets must be assembled prior to transmission for different byte ordering schemes The various formats are selected in the Data Configuration Register D15 D8 D7 D0 DA1 DA3 DA5 SA1 SA3 SA5 T L1 DATA 1 DA0 DA2 DA4 DA0 DA2 DA4 T L0 DATA 0
9 0 Remote DMA
The Remote DMA channel is used to both assemble packets for transmission and to remove received packets from the Receive Buffer Ring It may also be used as a general purpose slave DMA channel for moving blocks of data or commands between host memory and local buffer memory There are three modes of operation Remote Write Remote Read or Send Packet Two register pairs are used to control the Remote DMA a Remote Start Address (RSAR0 RSAR1) and a Remote Byte Count (RBCR0 RBCR1) register pair The Start Address Register pair points to the beginning of the block to be moved while the Byte Count Register pair is used to indicate the number of bytes to be transferred Full handshake logic is provided to move data between local buffer memory and a bidirectional I O port
This format is used with Series 32000 808X type processors
12
9 0 Remote DMA (Continued)

REMOTE WRITE A Remote Write transfer is used to move a block of data from the host into local buffer memory The Remote DMA will read data from the I O port and sequentially write it to local buffer memory beginning at the Remote Start Address The DMA Address will be incremented and the Byte Counter will be decremented after each transfer The DMA is terminated when the Remote Byte Count Register reaches a count of zero REMOTE READ A Remote Read transfer is used to move a block of data from local buffer memory to the host The Remote DMA will sequentially read data from the local buffer memory beginning at the Remote Start Address and write data to the I O port The DMA Address will be incremented and the Byte Counter will be decremented after each transfer The DMA is terminated when the Remote Byte Count Register reaches zero REMOTE DMA WRITE Setting PRQ Using the Remote Read Under certain conditions the NICs bus state machine may issue MWR and PRD before PRQ for the first DMA transfer of a Remote Write Command If this occurs this could cause data corruption or cause the remote DMA count to be different from the main CPU count causing the system to lock up To prevent this condition when implementing a Remote DMA Write the Remote DMA Write command should first be preceded by a Remote DMA Read command to insure that the PRQ signal is asserted before the NIC starts its port read cycle The reason for this is that the state machine that asserts PRQ runs independently of the state machine that controls the DMA signals The DMA machine assumes that PRQ is asserted but actually may not be To remedy this situation a single Remote Read cycle should be inserted before the actual DMA Write Command is given This will ensure that PRQ is asserted when the Remote DMA Write is subsequently executed This single Remote Read cycle is called a dummy Remote Read In order for the dummy Remote Read cycle to operate correctly the Start Address should be programmed to a known safe location in the buffer memory space and the Remote Byte Count should be progammed to a value greater than 1 This will ensure that the master read cycle is performed safely eliminating the possiblity of data corruption Remote Write with High Speed Buses When implementing the Remote DMA Write solution in previous section with high speed buses and CPUs timing problems may cause the system to hang Therefore additional considerations are required The problem occurs when the system can execute the dummy Remote Read and then start the Remote Write before the NIC has had a chance to execute the Remote Read If this happens the PRQ signal will not get set and the Remote Byte Count and Remote Start Address for the Remote Write operation could be corrupted This is shown by the hatched waveforms in the timing diagram below The execution of the Remote Read can be delayed by the local DMA operations (particularly during end-of-packet processing) To ensure the dummy Remote Read does execute a delay must be inserted between writing the Remote Read Command and starting to write the Remote Write Start Address (This time is designated in figure below by the delay arrows ) The recommended method to avoid this problem is after the Remote Read command is given to poll both bytes of the Current Remote DMA Address Registers When the address has incremented PRQ has been set Software should recognize this and then start the Remote Write An additional caution for high speed systems is that the polling must follow guidelines specified at the end of Section 13 That is there must be at least 4 bus clocks between chip selects (For example when BSCK e 20 MHz then this time should be 200 ns ) The general flow for executing a Remote Write is 1 Set Remote Byte Count to a value l1 and Remote Start Address to unused RAM (one location before the transmit start address is usually a safe location)
TL F 8582 96
Timing Diagram for Dummy Remote Read

Note The dashed lines indicate incorrect timing
13

2 Issue the dummy Remote Read command 3 Read the Current Remote DMA Address (CRDA) (both bytes) 4 Compare to previous CRDA value if different go to 6 5 Delay and jump to 3 6 Set up for the Remote Write command by setting the Remote Byte Count and the Remote Start Address (note that if the Remote Byte count in step 1 can be set to the tramsmit byte count plus one and the Remote Start Address to one less these will now be incremented to the correct values ) 7 Issue the Remote Write command FIFO AND BUS OPERATIONS Overview To accommodate the different rates at which data comes from (or goes to) the network and goes to (or comes from) the system memory the NIC contains a 16-byte FIFO for buffering data between the bus and the media The FIFO threshold is programmable allowing filling (or emptying) the FIFO at different rates When the FIFO has filled to its programmed threshold the local DMA channel transfers these bytes (or words) into local memory It is crucial that the local DMA is given access to the bus within a minimum bus latency time otherwise a FIFO underrun (or overrun) occurs To understand FIFO underruns or overruns there are two causes which produce this condition 1) the bus latency is so long that the FIFO has filled (or emptied) from the network before the local DMA has serviced the FIFO 2) the bus latency or bus data rate has slowed the throughput of the local DMA to point where it is slower than the network data rate (10 Mb s) This second condition is also dependent upon DMA clock and word width (byte wide or word wide) The worst case condition ultimately limits the overall bus latency which the NIC can tolerate FIFO Underrun and Transmit Enable During transmission if a FIFO underrun occurs the Transmit enable (TXE) output may remain high (active) Generally this will cause a very large packet to be transmitted onto the network The jabber feature of the transceiver will terminate the transmission and reset TXE To prevent this problem a properly designed system will not allow FIFO underruns by giving the NIC a bus acknowledge within time shown in the maximum bus latency curves shown and described later FIFO at the Beginning of Receive At the beginning of reception the NIC stores entire Address field of each incoming packet in the FIFO to determine whether the packet matches its Physical Address Registers or maps to one of its Multicast Registers This causes the FIFO to accumulate 8 bytes Furthermore there are some synchronization delays in the DMA PLA Thus the actual time that BREQ is asserted from the time the Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) is detected is 7 8 ms This operation affects the bus latencies at 2 and 4 byte thresholds during the first receive BREQ since the FIFO must be filled to 8 bytes (4 words) before issuing a BREQ FIFO Operation at the End of Receive When Carrier Sense goes low the NIC enters its end of packet processing sequence emptying its FIFO and writing the status information at the beginning of the packet figure below This NIC holds onto the bus for the entire sequence The longest time BREQ may be extended occurs when a packet ends just as the NIC performs its last FIFO burst The NIC in this case performs a programmed burst transfer followed by flushing the remaining bytes in the FIFO and completes by writing the header information to memory The following steps occur during this sequence 1) NIC issues BREQ because the FIFO threshold has been reached 2) During the burst packet ends resulting in BREQ extended 3) NIC flushes remaining bytes from FIFO 4) NIC performs internal processing to prepare for writing the header 5) NIC writes 4-byte (2-word) header 6) NIC deasserts BREQ
TL F 8582 97
End of Packet Processing End of Packet Processing (EOPP) times for 10 MHz and 20 MHz have been tabulated in the table below End of Packet Processing Times for Various FIFO Thresholds Bus Clocks and Transfer Modes Mode Byte Threshold 2 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes Bus Clock 10 MHz EOPP 7 0 ms 8 6 ms 11 0 ms 3 6 ms 4 2 ms 5 0 ms 5 4 ms 6 2 ms 7 4 ms 3 0 ms 3 2 ms 3 6 ms
Byte
20 MHz
Word
10 MHz
Word
20 MHz
Threshold Detection (Bus Latency) To assure that no overwriting of data in the FIFO the FIFO logic flags a FIFO overrun as the 13th byte is written into the FIFO effectively shortening the FIFO to 13 bytes The FIFO logic also operates differently in Byte Mode and in Word Mode In Byte Mode a threshold is indicated when the n a 1
14

Maximum Bus Latency for Byte Mode Maximum Bus Latency for Word Mode
TL F 8582 98
TL F 8582 99
byte has entered the FIFO thus with an 8 byte threshold the NIC issues Bus Request (BREQ) when the 9th byte has entered the FIFO For Word Mode BREQ is not generated until the n a 2 bytes have entered the FIFO Thus with a 4 word threshold (equivalent to 8 byte threshold) BREQ is issued when the 10th byte has entered the FIFO The two graphs the figures above indicate the maximum allowable bus latency for Word and Byte transfer modes The FIFO at the Beginning of Transmit Before transmitting the NIC performs a prefetch from memory to load the FIFO The number of bytes prefetched is the programmed FIFO threshold The next BREQ is not issued until after the NIC actually begins trasmitting data i e after SFD The Transmit Prefetch diagram illustrates this process SEND PACKET COMMAND The Remote DMA channel can be automatically initialized to transfer a single packet from the Receive Buffer Ring
The CPU begins this transfer by issuing a Send Packet Command The DMA will be initialized to the value of the Boundary Pointer Register and the Remote Byte Count Register pair (RBCR0 RBCR1) will be initialized to the value of the Receive Byte Count fields found in the Buffer Header of each packet After the data is transferred the Boundary Pointer is advanced to allow the buffers to be used for new receive packets The Remote Read will terminate when the Byte Count equals zero The Remote DMA is then prepared to read the next packet from the Receive Buffer Ring If the DMA pointer crosses the Page Stop Register it is reset to the Page Start Address This allows the Remote DMA to remove packets that have wrapped around to the top of the Receive Buffer Ring
Note 1 In order for the NIC to correctly execute the Send Packet Command the upper Remote Byte Count Register (RBCR1) must first be loaded with 0FH Note 2 The Send Packet command cannot be used with 68000 type processors
Transmit Prefetch Timing
TL F 8582 A0
15

Remote DMA Autoinitialization from Buffer Ring
TL F 8582 59
10 0 Internal Registers
All registers are 8-bit wide and mapped into two pages which are selected in the Command Register (PS0 PS1) Pins RA0 RA3 are used to address registers within each page Page 0 registers are those registers which are commonly accessed during NIC operation while page 1 registers are used primarily for initialization The registers are partitioned to avoid having to perform two write read cycles to access commonly used registers
10 1 REGISTER ADDRESS MAPPING
TL F 8582 60
16
10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

10 2 REGISTER ADDRESS ASSIGNMENTS Page 0 Address Assignments (PS1 e 0 PS0 e 0) RA0 RA3 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH 0DH RD Command (CR) Current Local DMA Address 0 (CLDA0) Current Local DMA Address 1 (CLDA1) Boundary Pointer (BNRY) Transmit Status Register (TSR) Number of Collisions Register (NCR) FIFO (FIFO) Interrupt Status Register (ISR) WR Command (CR) Page Start Register (PSTART) Page Stop Register (PSTOP) Boundary Pointer (BNRY) Transmit Page Start Address (TPSR) Transmit Byte Count Register 0 (TBCR0) Transmit Byte Count Register 1 (TBCR1) Interrupt Status Register (ISR) Page 1 Address Assignments (PS1 e 0 PS0 e 1) RA0 RA3 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH 0DH RD Command (CR) Physical Address Register 0 (PAR0) Physical Address Register 1 (PAR1) Physical Address Register 2 (PAR2) Physical Address Register 3 (PAR3) Physical Address Register 4 (PAR4) Physical Address Register 5 (PAR5) Current Page Register (CURR) Multicast Address Register 0 (MAR0) Multicast Address Register 1 (MAR1) Multicast Address Register 2 (MAR2) Multicast Address Register 3 (MAR3) Multicast Address Register 4 (MAR4) Multicast Address Register 5 (MAR5) Multicast Address Register 6 (MAR6) Multicast Address Register 7 (MAR7) WR Command (CR) Physical Address Register 0 (PAR0) Physical Address Register 1 (PAR1) Physical Address Register 2 (PAR2) Physical Address Register 3 (PAR3) Physical Address Register 4 (PAR4) Physical Address Register 5 (PAR5) Current Page Register (CURR) Multicast Address Register 0 (MAR0) Multicast Address Register 1 (MAR1) Multicast Address Register 2 (MAR2) Multicast Address Register 3 (MAR3) Multicast Address Register 4 (MAR4) Multicast Address Register 5 (MAR5) Multicast Address Register 6 (MAR6) Multicast Address Register 7 (MAR7)
Current Remote DMA Remote Start Address Address 0 (CRDA0) Register 0 (RSAR0) Current Remote DMA Remote Start Address Address 1 (CRDA1) Register 1 (RSAR1) Reserved Reserved Receive Status Register (RSR) Tally Counter 0 (Frame Alignment Errors) (CNTR0) Tally Counter 1 (CRC Errors) (CNTR1) Tally Counter 2 (Missed Packet Errors) (CNTR2) Remote Byte Count Register 0 (RBCR0) Remote Byte Count Register 1 (RBCR1) Receive Configuration Register (RCR) Transmit Configuration Register (TCR) Data Configuration Register (DCR) Interrupt Mask Register (IMR)
0EH
0EH
0FH
0FH
17

Page 2 Address Assignments (PS1 e 1 PS0 e 0) RA0 RA3 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H RD Command (CR) Page Start Register (PSTART) Page Stop Register (PSTOP) Remote Next Packet Pointer Transmit Page Start Address (TPSR) Local Next Packet Pointer Address Counter (Upper) Address Counter (Lower) WR Command (CR) Current Local DMA Address 0 (CLDA0) Current Local DMA Address 1 (CLDA1) Remote Next Packet Pointer Reserved Local Next Packet Pointer Address Counter (Upper) Address Counter (Lower) RA0 RA3 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH 0DH 0EH 0FH Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Receive Configuration Register (RCR) Transmit Configuration Register (TCR) Data Configuration Register (DCR) Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) RD WR Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
Note Page 2 registers should only be accessed for diagnostic purposes They should not be modified during normal operation Page 3 should never be modified
18

10 3 Register Descriptions COMMAND REGISTER (CR) 00H (READ WRITE) The Command Register is used to initiate transmissions enable or disable Remote DMA operations and to select register pages To issue a command the microprocessor sets the corresponding bit(s) (RD2 RD1 RD0 TXP) Further commands may be overlapped but with the following rules (1) If a transmit command overlaps with a remote DMA operation bits RD0 RD1 and RD2 must be maintained for the remote DMA command when setting the TXP bit Note if a remote DMA command is re-issued when giving the transmit command the DMA will complete immediately if the remote byte count register have not been reinitialized (2) If a remote DMA operation overlaps a transmission RD0 RD1 and RD2 may be written with the desired values and a 0 written to the TXP bit Writing a 0 to this bit has no effect (3) A remote write DMA may not overlap remote read operation or visa versa Either of these operations must either complete or be aborted before the other operation may start Bits PS1 PS0 RD2 and STP may be set any time 7 PS1 6 PS0 5 RD2 4 RD1 3 RD0 2 TXP 1 STA 0 STP
Bit D0
Symbol STP
Description STOP Software reset command takes the controller offline no packets will be received or transmitted Any reception or transmission in progress will continue to completion before entering the reset state To exit this state the STP bit must be reset and the STA bit must be set high To perform a software reset this bit should be set high The software reset has executed only when indicated by the RST bit in the ISR being set to a 1 STP powers up high
Note If the NIC has previously been in start mode and the STP is set both the STP and STA bits will remain set
D1 D2
STA TXP
START This bit is used to activate the NIC after either power up or when the NIC has been placed in a reset mode by software command or error STA powers up low TRANSMIT PACKET This bit must be set to initiate transmission of a packet TXP is internally reset either after the transmission is completed or aborted This bit should be set only after the Transmit Byte Count and Transmit Page Start registers have been programmed
Note Before the transmit command is given the STA bit must be set and the STP bit reset
D3 D4 D5
RD0 RD1 RD2
REMOTE DMA COMMAND These three encoded bits control operation of the Remote DMA channel RD2 can be set to abort any Remote DMA command in progress The Remote Byte Count Registers should be cleared when a Remote DMA has been aborted The Remote Start Addresses are not restored to the starting address if the Remote DMA is aborted RD2 RD1 RD0 0 0 0 Not Allowed 0 0 1 Remote Read 0 1 0 Remote Write (Note 2) 0 1 1 Send Packet 1 X X Abort Complete Remote DMA (Note 1)
Note 1 If a remote DMA operation is aborted and the remote byte count has not decremented to zero PRQ (pin 29 DIP) will remain high A read acknowledge (RACK) on a write acknowledge (WACK) will reset PRQ low Note 2 For proper operation of the Remote Write DMA there are two steps which must be performed before using the Remote Write DMA The steps are as follows i) Write a non-zero value into RBCR0 ii) Set bits RD2 RD1 RD0 to 0 0 1 iii) Set RBCR0 1 and RSAR0 1 iv) Issue the Remote Write DMA Command (RD2 RD1 RD0 e 0 1 0)
D6 D7
PS0 PS1
PAGE SELECT These two encoded bits select which register page is to be accessed with addresses RA0 3 PS1 PS0 0 0 Register Page 0 0 1 Register Page 1 1 0 Register Page 2 1 1 Reserved
19

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (ISR) 07H (READ WRITE) This register is accessed by the host processor to determine the cause of an interrupt Any interrupt can be masked in the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) Individual interrupt bits are cleared by writing a 1 into the corresponding bit of the ISR The INT signal is active as long as any unmasked signal is set and will not go low until all unmasked bits in this register have been cleared The ISR must be cleared after power up by writing it with all 1s 7 RST 6 RDC 5 CNT 4 OVW 3 TXE 2 RXE 1 PTX 0 PRX
Bit D0 D1 D2
Symbol PRX PTX RXE
Description PACKET RECEIVED Indicates packet received with no errors PACKET TRANSMITTED Indicates packet transmitted with no errors RECEIVE ERROR Indicates that a packet was received with one or more of the following errors CRC Error Frame Alignment Error FIFO Overrun Missed Packet TRANSMIT ERROR Set when packet transmitted with one or more of the following errors Excessive Collisions FIFO Underrun OVERWRITE WARNING Set when receive buffer ring storage resources have been exhausted (Local DMA has reached Boundary Pointer) COUNTER OVERFLOW Set when MSB of one or more of the Network Tally Counters has been set REMOTE DMA COMPLETE Set when Remote DMA operation has been completed RESET STATUS Set when NIC enters reset state and cleared when a Start Command is issued to the CR This bit is also set when a Receive Buffer Ring overflow occurs and is cleared when one or more packets have been removed from the ring Writing to this bit has no effect NOTE This bit does not generate an interrupt it is merely a status indicator
D3
TXE
D4 D5 D6 D7
OVW CNT RDC RST
20

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER (IMR) 0FH (WRITE) The Interrupt Mask Register is used to mask interrupts Each interrupt mask bit corresponds to a bit in the Interrupt Status Register (ISR) If an interrupt mask bit is set an interrupt will be issued whenever the corresponding bit in the ISR is set If any bit in the IMR is set low an interrupt will not occur when the bit in the ISR is set The IMR powers up all zeroes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RDCE CNTE OVWE TXEE RXEE PTXE PRXE
Bit D0
Symbol PRXE
Description PACKET RECEIVED INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when packet received PACKET TRANSMITTED INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when packet is transmitted RECEIVE ERROR INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when packet received with error TRANSMIT ERROR INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when packet transmission results in error OVERWRITE WARNING INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when Buffer Management Logic lacks sufficient buffers to store incoming packet COUNTER OVERFLOW INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when MSB of one or more of the Network Statistics counters has been set DMA COMPLETE INTERRUPT ENABLE 0 Interrupt Disabled 1 Enables Interrupt when Remote DMA transfer has been completed reserved
D1
PTXE
D2
RXEE
D3
TXEE
D4
OVWE
D5
CNTE
D6
RDCE
D7
reserved
21

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) DATA CONFIGURATION REGISTER (DCR) 0EH (WRITE) This Register is used to program the NIC for 8- or 16-bit memory interface select byte ordering in 16-bit applications and establish FIFO threshholds The DCR must be initialized prior to loading the Remote Byte Count Registers LAS is set on power up 7 6 FT1 5 FT0 4 ARM 3 LS 2 LAS 1 BOS 0 WTS
Bit D0
Symbol WTS WORD TRANSFER SELECT 0 Selects byte-wide DMA transfers 1 Selects word-wide DMA transfers
Description
WTS establishes byte or word transfers for both Remote and Local DMA transfers
Note When word-wide mode is selected up to 32k words are addressable A0 remains low
D1
BOS
BYTE ORDER SELECT 0 MS byte placed on AD15AD8 and LS byte on AD7 AD0 (32000 8086) 1 MS byte placed on AD7AD0 and LS byte on AD15 AD8 (68000) Ignored when WTS is low
D2
LAS
LONG ADDRESS SELECT 0 Dual 16-bit DMA mode 1 Single 32-bit DMA mode When LAS is high the contents of the Remote DMA registers RSAR0 1 are issued as A16 A31 Power up high
D3
LS
LOOPBACK SELECT 0 Loopback mode selected Bits D1 D2 of the TCR must also be programmed for Loopback operation 1 Normal Operation AUTO-INITIALIZE REMOTE 0 Send Command not executed all packets removed from Buffer Ring under program control 1 Send Command executed Remote DMA auto-initialized to remove packets from Buffer Ring
Note Send Command cannot be used with 68000 type processors
D4
AR
D5 D6
FT0 FT1
FIFO THRESHHOLD SELECT Encoded FIFO threshhold Establishes point at which bus is requested when filling or emptying the FIFO During reception the FIFO threshold indicates the number of bytes (or words) the FIFO has filled serially from the network before bus request (BREQ) is asserted
Note FIFO threshold setting determines the DMA burst length
RECEIVE THRESHOLDS FT1 FT0 Word Wide Byte Wide 0 0 1 Word 2 Bytes 0 1 2 Words 4 Bytes 1 0 4 Words 8 Bytes 1 1 6 Words 12 Bytes During transmission the FIFO threshold indicates the numer of bytes (or words) the FIFO has filled from the Local DMA before BREQ is asserted Thus the transmission threshold is 16 bytes less the receive threshold
22

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) TRANSMIT CONFIGURATION REGISTER (TCR) 0DH (WRITE) The transmit configuration establishes the actions of the transmitter section of the NIC during transmission of a packet on the network LB1 and LB0 which select loopback mode power up as 0 7 6 5 4 OFST 3 ATD 2 LB1 1 LB0 0 CRC
Bit D0
Symbol CRC
Description INHIBIT CRC 0 CRC appended by transmitter 1 CRC inhibited by transmitter In loopback mode CRC can be enabled or disabled to test the CRC logic ENCODED LOOPBACK CONTROL These encoded configuration bits set the type of loopback that is to be performed Note that loopback in mode 2 sets the LPBK pin high this places the SNI in loopback mode and that D3 of the DCR must be set to zero for loopback operation LB1 LB0 Mode 0 0 0 Normal Operation (LPBK e 0) Mode 1 0 1 Internal Loopback (LPBK e 0) Mode 2 1 0 External Loopback (LPBK e 1) Mode 3 1 1 External Loopback (LPBK e 0) AUTO TRANSMIT DISABLE This bit allows another station to disable the NICs transmitter by transmission of a particular multicast packet The transmitter can be re-enabled by resetting this bit or by reception of a second particular multicast packet 0 Normal Operation 1 Reception of multicast address hashing to bit 62 disables transmitter reception of multicast address hashing to bit 63 enables transmitter COLLISION OFFSET ENABLE This bit modifies the backoff algorithm to allow prioritization of nodes 0 Backoff Logic implements normal algorithm 1 Forces Backoff algorithm modification to 0 to 2min(3 a n 10) slot times for first three collisions then follows standard backoff (For first three collisions station has higher average backoff delay making a low priority mode ) reserved reserved reserved
D1 D2
LB0 LB1
D3
ATD
D4
OFST
D5 D6 D7
reserved reserved reserved
23

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) TRANSMIT STATUS REGISTER (TSR) 04H (READ) This register records events that occur on the media during transmission of a packet It is cleared when the next transmission is initiated by the host All bits remain low unless the event that corresponds to a particular bit occurs during transmission Each transmission should be followed by a read of this register The contents of this register are not specified until after the first transmission 7 OWC 6 CDH 5 FU 4 CRS 3 ABT 2 COL 1 0 PTX
Bit D0 D1 D2
Symbol PTX reserved COL
Description PACKET TRANSMITTED Indicates transmission without error (No excessive collisions or FIFO underrun) (ABT e 0 FU e 0) reserved TRANSMIT COLLIDED Indicates that the transmission collided at least once with another station on the network The number of collisions is recorded in the Number of Collisions Registers (NCR) TRANSMIT ABORTED Indicates the NIC aborted transmission because of excessive collisions (Total number of transmissions including original transmission attempt equals 16) CARRIER SENSE LOST This bit is set when carrier is lost during transmission of the packet Carrier Sense is monitored from the end of Preamble Synch until TXEN is dropped Transmission is not aborted on loss of carrier FIFO UNDERRUN If the NIC cannot gain access of the bus before the FIFO empties this bit is set Transmission of the packet will be aborted CD HEARTBEAT Failure of the transceiver to transmit a collision signal after transmission of a packet will set this bit The Collision Detect (CD) heartbeat signal must commence during the first 6 4 ms of the Interframe Gap following a transmission In certain collisions the CD Heartbeat bit will be set even though the transceiver is not performing the CD heartbeat test OUT OF WINDOW COLLISION Indicates that a collision occurred after a slot time (51 2 ms) Transmissions rescheduled as in normal collisions
D3
ABT
D4
CRS
D5 D6
FU CDH
D7
OWC
24

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) RECEIVE CONFIGURATION REGISTER (RCR) 0CH (WRITE) This register determines operation of the NIC during reception of a packet and is used to program what types of packets to accept 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MON PRO AM AB AR SEP
Bit D0
Symbol SEP
Description SAVE ERRORED PACKETS 0 Packets with receive errors are rejected 1 Packets with receive errors are accepted Receive errors are CRC and Frame Alignment errors ACCEPT RUNT PACKETS This bit allows the receiver to accept packets that are smaller than 64 bytes The packet must be at least 8 bytes long to be accepted as a runt 0 Packets with fewer than 64 bytes rejected 1 Packets with fewer than 64 bytes accepted ACCEPT BROADCAST Enables the receiver to accept a packet with an all 1s destination address 0 Packets with broadcast destination address rejected 1 Packets with broadcast destination address accepted ACCEPT MULTICAST Enables the receiver to accept a packet with a multicast address all multicast addresses must pass the hashing array 0 Packets with multicast destination address not checked 1 Packets with multicast destination address checked PROMISCUOUS PHYSICAL Enables the receiver to accept all packets with a physical address 0 Physical address of node must match the station address programmed in PAR0PAR5 1 All packets with physical addresses accepted MONITOR MODE Enables the receiver to check addresses and CRC on incoming packets without buffering to memory The Missed Packet Tally counter will be incremented for each recognized packet 0 Packets buffered to memory 1 Packets checked for address match good CRC and Frame Alignment but not buffered to memory reserved reserved
D1
AR
D2
AB
D3
AM
D4
PRO
D5
MON
D6 D7
reserved reserved
Note D2 and D3 are ORd together i e if D2 and D3 are set the NIC will accept broadcast and multicast addresses as well as its own physical address To establish full promiscuous mode bits D2 D3 and D4 should be set In addition the multicast hashing array must be set to all 1s in order to accept all multicast addresses
25

10 3 Register Descriptions (Continued) RECEIVE STATUS REGISTER (RSR) 0CH (READ) This register records status of the received packet including information on errors and the type of address match either physical or multicast The contents of this register are written to buffer memory by the DMA after reception of a good packet If packets with errors are to be saved the receive status is written to memory at the head of the erroneous packet if an erroneous packet is received If packets with errors are to be rejected the RSR will not be written to memory The contents will be cleared when the next packet arrives CRC errors Frame Alignment errors and missed packets are counted internally by the NIC which relinquishes the Host from reading the RSR in real time to record errors for Network Management Functions The contents of this register are not specified until after the first reception 7 DFR 6 DIS 5 PHY 4 MPA 3 FO 2 FAE 1 CRC 0 PRX
Bit D0 D1 D2
Symbol PRX CRC FAE
Description PACKET RECEIVED INTACT Indicates packet received without error (Bits CRC FAE FO and MPA are zero for the received packet ) CRC ERROR Indicates packet received with CRC error Increments Tally Counter (CNTR1) This bit will also be set for Frame Alignment errors FRAME ALIGNMENT ERROR Indicates that the incoming packet did not end on a byte boundary and the CRC did not match at last byte boundary Increments Tally Counter (CNTR0) FIFO OVERRUN This bit is set when the FIFO is not serviced causing overflow during reception Reception of the packet will be aborted MISSED PACKET Set when packet intended for node cannot be accepted by NIC because of a lack of receive buffers or if the controller is in monitor mode and did not buffer the packet to memory Increments Tally Counter (CNTR2) PHYSICAL MULTICAST ADDRESS Indicates whether received packet had a physical or multicast address type 0 Physical Address Match 1 Multicast Broadcast Address Match RECEIVER DISABLED Set when receiver disabled by entering Monitor mode Reset when receiver is re-enabled when exiting Monitor mode DEFERRING Set when CRS or COL inputs are active If the transceiver has asserted the CD line as a result of the jabber this bit will stay set indicating the jabber condition
D3 D4
FO MPA
D5
PHY
D6 D7
DIS DFR
Note Following coding applies to CRC and FAE bits FAE CRC Type of Error 0 0 No Error (Good CRC and k 6 Dribble Bits) 0 1 CRC Error 1 0 Illegal will not occur 1 1 Frame Alignment Error and CRC Error
26

10 4 DMA REGISTERS DMA Registers
TL F 8582 61
The DMA Registers are partitioned into three groups Transmit Receive and Remote DMA Registers The Transmit registers are used to initialize the Local DMA Channel for transmission of packets while the Receive Registers are used to initialize the Local DMA Channel for packet Reception The Page Stop Page Start Current and Boundary Registers are used by the Buffer Management Logic to supervise the Receive Buffer Ring The Remote DMA Registers are used to initialize the Remote DMA
Note In the figure above registers are shown as 8 or 16 bits wide Although some registers are 16-bit internal registers all registers are accessed as 8-bit registers Thus the 16-bit Transmit Byte Count Register is broken into two 8-bit registers TBCR0 and TBCR1 Also TPSR PSTART PSTOP CURR and BNRY only check or control the upper 8 bits of address information on the bus Thus they are shifted to positions 15-8 in the diagram above
bytes in the source destination length and data fields The maximum number of transmit bytes allowed is 64k bytes The NIC will not truncate transmissions longer than 1500 bytes The bit assignment is shown below 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TBCR1 L15 7 TBCR0 L7 L14 6 L6 L13 5 L5 L12 4 L4 L11 3 L3 L10 2 L2 L9 1 L1 L8 0 L0
10 5 TRANSMIT DMA REGISTERS TRANSMIT PAGE START REGISTER (TPSR) This register points to the assembled packet to be transmitted Only the eight higher order addresses are specified since all transmit packets are assembled on 256-byte page boundaries The bit assignment is shown below The values placed in bits D7D0 will be used to initialize the higher order address (A8A15) of the Local DMA for transmission The lower order bits (A7A0) are initialized to zero Bit Assignment 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TPSR A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8
(A7 A0 Initialized to zero) TRANSMIT BYTE COUNT REGISTER 0 1 (TBCR0 TBCR1) These two registers indicate the length of the packet to be transmitted in bytes The count must include the number of 27
10 6 LOCAL DMA RECEIVE REGISTERS PAGE START STOP REGISTERS (PSTART PSTOP) The Page Start and Page Stop Registers program the starting and stopping address of the Receive Buffer Ring Since the NIC uses fixed 256-byte buffers aligned on page boundaries only the upper eight bits of the start and stop address are specified PSTART PSTOP bit assignment 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PSTART A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 PSTOP BOUNDARY (BNRY) REGISTER This register is used to prevent overflow of the Receive Buffer Ring Buffer management compares the contents of this register to the next buffer address when linking buffers together If the contents of this register match the next buffer address the Local DMA operation is aborted 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BNRY A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8

CURRENT PAGE REGISTER (CURR) This register is used internally by the Buffer Management Logic as a backup register for reception CURR contains the address of the first buffer to be used for a packet reception and is used to restore DMA pointers in the event of receive errors This register is initialized to the same value as PSTART and should not be written to again unless the controller is Reset 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CURR A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 10 8 PHYSICAL ADDRESS REGISTERS (PAR0 PAR5) The physical address registers are used to compare the destination address of incoming packets for rejecting or accepting packets Comparisons are performed on a bytewide basis The bit assignment shown below relates the sequence in PAR0 PAR5 to the bit sequence of the received packet D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PAR0 DA7 DA6 DA5 DA4 DA3 DA2 DA1 DA0 DA8
PAR1 DA15 DA14 DA13 DA12 DA11 DA10 DA9 CURRENT LOCAL DMA REGISTER 0 1 (CLDA0 1) These two registers can be accessed to determine the current Local DMA Address 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CLDA1 A15 7 CLDA0 A7 A14 6 A6 A13 5 A5 A12 4 A4 A11 3 A3 A10 2 A2 A9 1 A1 A8 0 A0
PAR2 DA23 DA22 DA21 DA20 DA19 DA18 DA17 DA16 PAR3 DA31 DA30 DA29 DA28 DA27 DA26 DA25 DA24 PAR4 DA39 DA38 DA37 DA36 DA35 DA34 DA33 DA32 PAR5 DA47 DA46 DA45 DA44 DA43 DA42 DA41 DA40 Destination Address P S DA0 DA1 DA2 DA3
Note P S e Preamble Synch DA0 e Physical Multicast Bit
Source
DA46 DA47 SA0
10 7 REMOTE DMA REGISTERS REMOTE START ADDRESS REGISTERS (RSAR0 1) Remote DMA operations are programmed via the Remote Start Address (RSAR0 1) and Remote Byte Count (RBCR0 1) registers The Remote Start Address is used to point to the start of the block of data to be transferred and the Remote Byte Count is used to indicate the length of the block (in bytes) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSAR1 A15 7 RSAR0 A7 A14 6 A6 A13 5 A5 A12 4 A4 A11 3 A3 A10 2 A2 A9 1 A1 A8 0 A0
6 4 3 2 REMOTE BYTE COUNT REGISTERS (RBCR0 1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RBCR1 BC15 BC14 BC13 BC12 BC11 BC10 BC9 BC8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
10 9 MULTICAST ADDRESS REGISTERS (MAR0 MAR7) The multicast address registers provide filtering of multicast addresses hashed by the CRC logic All destination addresses are fed through the CRC logic and as the last bit of the destination address enters the CRC the 6 most significant bits of the CRC generator are latched These 6 bits are then decoded by a 1 of 64 decode to index a unique filter bit (FB0 63) in the multicast address registers If the filter bit selected is set the multicast packet is accepted The system designer would use a program to determine which filter bits to set in the multicast registers All multicast filter bits that correspond to multicast address accepted by the node are then set to one To accept all multicast packets all of the registers are set to all ones
Note Although the hashing algorithm does not guarantee perfect filtering of multicast address it will perfectly filter up to 64 multicast addresses if these addresses are chosen to map into unique locations in the multicast filter
RBCR0 BC7 BC6 BC5 BC4 BC3 BC2 BC1 BC0

Note RSAR0 programs the start address bits A0A7 RSAR1 programs the start address bits A8A15 Address incremented by two for word transfers and by one for byte transfers Byte Count decremented by two for word transfers and by one for byte transfers RBCR0 programs LSB byte count RBCR1 programs MSB byte count
CURRENT REMOTE DMA ADDRESS (CRDA0 CRDA1) The Current Remote DMA Registers contain the current address of the Remote DMA The bit assignment is shown below 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TL F 8582 62
CRDA1 A15 7 CRDA0 A7
A14 6 A6
A13 5 A5
A12 4 A4
A11 3 A3
A10 2 A2
A9 1 A1
A8 0 A0
28

D7 MAR0 FB7 D6 FB6 D5 FB5 D4 FB4 D3 FB3 D2 FB2 D1 FB1 D0 FB0 FB8 NUMBER OF COLLISIONS (NCR) This register contains the number of collisions a node experiences when attempting to transmit a packet If no collisions are experienced during a transmission attempt the COL bit of the TSR will not be set and the contents of NCR will be zero If there are excessive collisions the ABT bit in the TSR will be set and the contents of NCR will be zero The NCR is cleared after the TXP bit in the CR is set 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NCR NC3 NC2 NC1 NC0
MAR1 FB15 FB14 FB13 FB12 FB11 FB10 FB9
MAR2 FB23 FB22 FB21 FB20 FB19 FB18 FB17 FB16 MAR3 FB31 FB30 FB29 FB28 FB27 FB26 FB25 FB24 MAR4 FB39 FB38 FB37 FB36 FB35 FB34 FB33 FB32 MAR5 FB47 FB46 FB45 FB44 FB43 FB42 FB41 FB40 MAR6 FB55 FB54 FB53 FB52 FB51 FB50 FB49 FB48 MAR7 FB63 FB62 FB61 FB60 FB59 FB58 FB57 FB56 If address Y is found to hash to the value 32 (20H) then FB32 in MAR4 should be initialized to 1 This will cause the NIC to accept any multicast packet with the address Y NETWORK TALLY COUNTERS Three 8-bit counters are provided for monitoring the number of CRC errors Frame Alignment Errors and Missed Packets The maximum count reached by any counter is 192 (C0H) These registers will be cleared when read by the CPU The count is recorded in binary in CT0CT7 of each Tally Register Frame Alignment Error Tally (CNTR0) This counter is incremented every time a packet is received with a Frame Alignment Error The packet must have been recognized by the address recognition logic The counter is cleared after it is read by the processor 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CNTR0 CT7 CT6 CT5 CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1 CT0
11 0 Initialization Procedures
The NIC must be initialized prior to transmission or reception of packets from the network Power on reset is applied to the NICs reset pin This clears sets the following bits Register Command Register (CR) Interrupt Status (ISR) Interrupt Mask (IMR) Data Control (DCR) Transmit Config (TCR) LB1 LB0 All Bits LAS Reset Bits TXP STA Set Bits RD2 STP RST
The NIC remains in its reset state until a Start Command is issued This guarantees that no packets are transmitted or received and that the NIC remains a bus slave until all appropriate internal registers have been programmed After initialization the STP bit of the command register is reset and packets may be received and transmitted Initialization Sequence The following initialization procedure is mandatory 1) Program Command Register for Page 0 (Command Register e 21H) 2) Initialize Data Configuration Register (DCR) 3) Clear Remote Byte Count Registers (RBCR0 RBCR1) 4) Initialize Receive Configuration Register (RCR) 5) Place the NIC in LOOPBACK mode 1 or 2 (Transmit Configuration Register e 02H or 04H) 6) Initialize Receive Buffer Ring Boundary Pointer (BNDRY) Page Start (PSTART) and Page Stop (PSTOP) 7) Clear Interrupt Status Register (ISR) by writing 0FFh to it 8) Initialize Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) 9) Program Command Register for page 1 (Command Register e 61H) i)Initialize Physical Address Registers (PAR0-PAR5) ii)Initialize Multicast Address Registers (MAR0-MAR7) iii)Initialize CURRent pointer 10) Put NIC in START mode (Command Register e 22H) The local receive DMA is still not active since the NIC is in LOOPBACK 11) Initialize the Transmit Configuration for the intended value The NIC is now ready for transmission and reception
CRC Error Tally (CNTR1) This counter is incremented every time a packet is received with a CRC error The packet must first be recognized by the address recognition logic The counter is cleared after it is read by the processor 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CNTR1 CT7 CT6 CT5 CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1 CT0
Frames Lost Tally Register (CNTR2) This counter is incremented if a packet cannot be received due to lack of buffer resources In monitor mode this counter will count the number of packets that pass the address recognition logic 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CNTR2 CT7 CT6 CT5 CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1 CT0
FIFO This is an eight bit register that allows the CPU to examine the contents of the FIFO after loopback The FIFO will contain the last 8 data bytes transmitted in the loopback packet Sequential reads from the FIFO will advance a pointer in the FIFO and allow reading of all 8 bytes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIFO DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
Note The FIFO should only be read when the NIC has been programmed in loopback mode
29
11 0 Initialization Procedures
(Continued) Before receiving packets the user must specify the location of the Receive Buffer Ring This is programmed in the Page Start and Page Stop Registers In addition the Boundary and Current Page Registers must be initialized to the value of the Page Start Register These registers will be modified during reception of packets When in word-wide mode with Byte Order Select low the following format must be used for the loopback packet
12 0 Loopback Diagnostics
Three forms of local loopback are provided on the NIC The user has the ability to loopback through the deserializer on the DP8390D NIC through the DP8391 SNI and to the coax to check the link through the transceiver circuitry Because of the half duplex architecture of the NIC loopback testing is a special mode of operation with the following restrictions Restrictions During Loopback The FIFO is split into two halves one used for transmission the other for reception Only 8-bit fields can be fetched from memory so two tests are required for 16-bit systems to verify integrity of the entire data path During loopback the maximum latency from the assertion of BREQ to BACK is 2 0 ms Systems that wish to use the loopback test yet do not meet this latency can limit the loopback packet to 7 bytes without experiencing underflow Only the last 8 bytes of the loopback packet are retained in the FIFO The last 8 bytes can be read through the FIFO register which will advance through the FIFO to allow reading the receive packet sequentially
DESTINATION ADDRESS SOURCE ADDRESS LENGTH DATA CRC
e (6 bytes) Station Physical Address
TL F 8582 16
Note When using loopback in word mode 2n bytes must be programmed in TBCR0 1 Where n e actual number of bytes assembled in even or odd location
To initiate a loopback the user first assembles the loopback packet then selects the type of loopback using the Transmit Configuration register bits LB0 LB1 The transmit configuration register must also be set to enable or disable CRC generation during transmission The user then issues a normal transmit command to send the packet During loopback the receiver checks for an address match and if CRC bit in the TCR is set the receiver will also check the CRC The last 8 bytes of the loopback packet are buffered and can be read out of the FIFO using the FIFO read port Loopback Modes MODE 1 Loopback Through the Controller (LB1 e 0 LB0 e 1) If the loopback is through the NIC then the serializer is simply linked to the deserializer and the receive clock is derived from the transmit clock MODE 2 Loopback Through the SNI (LB1 e 1 LB0 e 0) If the loopback is to be performed through the SNI the NIC provides a control (LPBK) that forces the SNI to loopback all signals MODE 3 Loopback to Coax (LB1 e 1 LB0 e 1) Packets can be transmitted to the coax in loopback mode to check all of the transmit and receive paths and the coax itself
Note In MODE 1 CRS and COL lines are not indicated in any status register but the NIC will still defer if these lines are active In MODE 2 COL is masked and in MODE 3 CRS and COL are not masked It is not possible to go directly between the loopback modes it is necessary to return to normal operation (00H) when changing modes
l
2 bytes
e 46 to 1500 bytes
Appended by NIC if CRC e 0 in TCR
When in word-wide mode with Byte Order Select set the loopback packet must be assembled in the even byte locations as shown below (The loopback only operates with byte wide transfers )
TL F 858215
Reading the Loopback Packet The last eight bytes of a received packet can be examined by 8 consecutive reads of the FIFO register The FIFO pointer is incremented after the rising edge of the CPUs read strobe by internally synchronizing and advancing the pointer This may take up to four bus clock cycles if the pointer has not been incremented by the time the CPU reads the FIFO register again the NIC will insert wait states
Note The FIFO may only be read during Loopback Reading the FIFO at any other time will cause the NIC to malfunction
30
12 0 Loopback Diagnostics (Continued)

Alignment of the Received Packet in the FIFO Reception of the packet in the FIFO begins at location zero after the FIFO pointer reaches the last location in the FIFO the pointer wraps to the top of the FIFO overwriting the previously received data This process continues until the last byte is received The NIC then appends the received byte count in the next two locations of the FIFO The contents of the Upper Byte Count are also copied to the next FIFO location The number of bytes used in the loopback packet determines the alignment of the packet in the FIFO The alignment for a 64-byte packet is shown below
FIFO LOCATION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FIFO CONTENTS LOWER BYTE COUNT UPPER BYTE COUNT UPPER BYTE COUNT LAST BYTE CRC1 CRC2 CRC3 CRC4
LOOPBACK OPERATION IN THE NIC Loopback is a modified form of transmission using only half of the FIFO This places certain restrictions on the use of loopback testing When loopback mode is selected in the TCR the FIFO is split A packet should be assembled in memory with programming of TPSR and TBCR0 TBCR1 registers When the transmit command is issued the following operations occur Transmitter Actions 1) Data is transferred from memory by the DMA until the FIFO is filled For each transfer TBCR0 and TBCR1 are decremented (Subsequent burst transfers are initiated when the number of bytes in the FIFO drops below the programmed threshold ) 2) The NIC generates 56 bits of preamble followed by an 8-bit synch pattern 3) Data transferred from FIFO to serializer 4) If CRC e 1 in TCR no CRC calculated by NIC the last byte transmitted is the last byte from the FIFO (Allows software CRC to be appended) If CRC e 0 NIC calculates and appends four bytes of CRC 5) At end of Transmission PTX bit set in ISR Receiver Actions 1) Wait for synch all preamble stripped 2) Store packet in FIFO increment receive byte count for each incoming byte 3) If CRC e 0 in TCR receiver checks incoming packet for CRC errors If CRC e 1 in TCR receiver does not check CRC errors CRC error bit always set in RSR (for address matching packets) 4) At end of receive receive byte count written into FIFO receive status register is updated The PRX bit is typically set in the RSR even if the address does not match If CRC errors are forced the packet must match the address filters in order for the CRC error bit in the RS to be set EXAMPLES The following examples show what results can be expected from a properly operating NIC during loopback The restrictions and results of each type of loopback are listed for reference The loopback tests are divided into two sets of tests One to verify the data path CRC generation and byte count through all three paths The second set of tests uses internal loopback to verify the receivers CRC checking and address recognition For all of the tests the DCR was programmed to 40h PATH NIC Internal TCR 02 RCR 00 TSR 53(1) RSR 02(2) ISR 02(3)
x x
First Byte Read Second Byte Read

Last Byte Read
For the following alignment in the FIFO the packet length should be (N c 8) a 5 Bytes Note that if the CRC bit in the TCR is set CRC will not be appended by the transmitter If the CRC is appended by the transmitter the last four bytes bytes N-3 to N correspond to the CRC
FIFO LOCATION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FIFO CONTENTS BYTE N-4 BYTE N-3 (CRC1) BYTE N-2 (CRC2) BYTE N-1 (CRC3) BYTE N (CRC4) LOWER BYTE COUNT UPPER BYTE COUNT UPPER BYTE COUNT
x
AR
First Byte Read Second Byte Read

Last Byte Read
LOOPBACK TESTS Loopback capabilities are provided to allow certain tests to be performed to validate operation of the DP8390D NIC prior to transmitting and receiving packets on a live network Typically these tests may be performed during power up of a node The diagnostic provides support to verify the following 1) Verify integrity of data path Received data is checked against transmitted data 2) Verify CRC logics capability to generate good CRC on transmit verify CRC on receive (good or bad CRC) 3) Verify that the Address Recognition Logic can a) Recognize address match packets b) Reject packets that fail to match an address
Note 1 Since carrier sense and collision detect inputs are blocked during internal loopback carrier and CD heartbeat are not seen and the CRS and CDH bits are set Note 2 CRC errors are always indicated by receiver if CRC is appended by the transmitter Note 3 Only the PTX bit in the ISR is set the PRX bit is only set if status is written to memory In loopback this action does not occur and the PRX bit remains 0 for all loopback modes Note 4 All values are hex
31
12 0 Loopback Diagnostics (Continued)

NETWORK MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS PATH NIC External TCR 04 RCR 00 TSR 43(1) RSR 02 ISR 02 Network management capabilities are required for maintenance and planning of a local area network The NIC supports the minimum requirement for network management in hardware the remaining requirements can be met with software counts There are three events that software alone can not track during reception of packets CRC errors Frame Alignment errors and missed packets Since errored packets can be rejected the status associated with these packets is lost unless the CPU can access the Receive Status Register before the next packet arrives In situations where another packet arrives very quickly the CPU may have no opportunity to do this The NIC counts the number of packets with CRC errors and Frame Alignment errors 8-bit counters have been selected to reduce overhead The counters will generate interrupts whenever their MSBs are set so that a software routine can accumulate the network statistics and reset the counters before overflow occurs The counters are sticky so that when they reach a count of 192 (C0H) counting is halted An additional counter is provided to count the number of packets NIC misses due to buffer overflow or being offline The structure of the counters is shown below
Note 1 CDH is set CRS is not set since it is generated by the external encoder decoder
PATH NIC External
TCR 06
RCR 00
TSR 03(1)
RSR 02
ISR 02(2)
Note 1 CDH and CRS should not be set The TSR however could also contain 01H 03H 07H and a variety of other values depending on whether collisions were encountered or the packet was deferred Note 2 Will contain 08H if packet is not transmittable Note 3 During external loopback the NIC is now exposed to network traffic it is therefore possible for the contents of both the Receive portion of the FIFO and the RSR to be corrupted by any other packet on the network Thus in a live network the contents of the FIFO and RSR should not be depended on The NIC will still abide by the standard CSMA CD protocol in external loopback mode (i e The network will not be disturbed by the loopback packet) Note 4 All values are hex
CRC AND ADDRESS RECOGNITION The next three tests exercise the address recognition logic and CRC These tests should be performed using internal loopback only so that the NIC is isolated from interference from the network These tests also require the capability to generate CRC in software The address recognition logic cannot be directly tested The CRC and FAE bits in the RSR are only set if the address of the packet matches the address filters If errors are expected to be set and they are not set the packet has been rejected on the basis of an address mismatch The following sequence of packets will test the address recognition logic The DCR should be set to 40H the TCR should be set to 03H with a software generated CRC Packet Contents Test Test A Test B Test C Address Matching Matching Non-Matching CRC Good Bad Bad Results RSR 01(1) 02(2) 01
TL F 8582 63
Additional information required for network management is available in the Receive and Transmit Status Registers Transmit status is available after each transmission for information regarding events during transmission Typically the following statistics might be gathered in software Traffic Frames Sent OK Frames Received OK Multicast Frames Received Packets Lost Due to Lack of Resources Retries Packet CRC Errors Alignment Errors Excessive Collisions Packet with Length Errors Heartbeat Failure
Errors
Note 1 Status will read 21H if multicast address used Note 2 Status will read 22H if multicast address used Note 3 In test A the RSR is set up In test B the address is found to match since the CRC is flagged as bad Test C proves that the address recognition logic can distinguish a bad address and does not notify the RSR of the bad CRC The receiving CRC is proven to work in test A and test B Note 4 All values are hex
32
13 0 Bus Arbitration and Timing

The NIC operates in three possible modes
TL F 8582 64
Upon power-up the NIC is in an indeterminant state After receiving a Hardware Reset the NIC comes up as a slave in the Reset State The receiver and transmitter are both disabled in this state The reset state can be reentered under three conditions soft reset (Stop Command) hard reset (RESET input) or an error that shuts down the receiver or transmitter (FIFO underflow or overflow) After initialization of registers the NIC is issued a Start command and the NIC enters Idle state Until the DMA is required the NIC remains in an idle state The idle state is exited by a request from the FIFO in the case of receive or transmit or from the Remote DMA in the case of Remote DMA operation After acquiring the bus in a BREQ BACK handshake the Remote or Local DMA transfer is completed and the NIC reenters the idle state
DMA TRANSFERS TIMING The DMA can be programmed for the following types of transfers 16-Bit Address 8-bit Data Transfer 16-Bit Address 16-bit Data Transfer 32-Bit Address 8-bit Data Transfer 32-Bit Address 16-bit Data Transfer All DMA transfers use BSCK for timing 16-Bit Address modes require 4 BSCK cycles as shown below
16-Bit Address 8-Bit Data
TL F 8582 65
33
13 0 Bus Arbitration and Timing (Continued)

TL F 8582 66
TL F 8582 67
TL F 8582 68
Note In 32-bit address mode ADS1 is at TRI-STATE after the first T1T4 states thus a 4 7k pull-down resistor is required for 32-bit address mode
34

When in 32-bit mode four additional BSCK cycles are required per burst The first bus cycle (T1 T4 ) of each burst is used to output the upper 16-bit addresses This 16-bit address is programmed in RSAR0 and RSAR1 and points to a 64k page of system memory All transmitted or received packets are constrained to reside within this 64k page FIFO BURST CONTROL All Local DMA transfers are burst transfers once the DMA requests the bus and the bus is acknowledged the DMA will transfer an exact burst of bytes programmed in the Data Configuration Register (DCR) then relinquish the bus If there are remaining bytes in the FIFO the next burst will not be initiated until the FIFO threshold is exceeded If BACK is removed during the transfer the burst transfer will be aborted (DROPPING BACK DURING A DMA CYCLE IS NOT RECOMMENDED )
TL F 8582 69
where N e 1 2 4 or 6 Words or N e 2 4 8 or 12 Bytes when in byte mode
INTERLEAVED LOCAL OPERATION If a remote DMA transfer is initiated or in progress when a packet is being received or transmitted the Remote DMA transfer will be interrupted for higher priority Local DMA
transfers When the Local DMA transfer is completed the Remote DMA will rearbitrate for the bus and continue its transfers This is illustrated below
TL F 8582 70
Note that if the FIFO requires service while a remote DMA is in progress BREQ is not dropped and the Local DMA burst is appended to the Remote Transfer When switching from a local transfer to a remote transfer however BREQ is dropped and raised again This allows the CPU or other devices to fairly contend for the bus REMOTE DMA-BIDIRECTIONAL PORT CONTROL The Remote DMA transfers data between the local buffer memory and a bidirectional port (memory to I O transfer)
This transfer is arbited on a byte by byte basis versus the burst transfer used for Local DMA transfers This bidirectional port is also read written by the host All transfers through this port are asynchronous At any one time transfers are limited to one direction either from the port to local buffer memory (Remote Write) or from local buffer memory to the port (Remote Read)
Bus Handshake Signals for Remote DMA Transfers
TL F 8582 71
35

REMOTE READ TIMING 1) The DMA reads byte word from local buffer memory and writes byte word into latch increments the DMA address and decrements the byte count (RBCR0 1) 2) A Request Line (PRQ) is asserted to inform the system that a byte is available 3) The system reads the port the read strobe (RACK) is used as an acknowledge by the Remote DMA and it goes back to step 1 Steps 1 3 are repeated until the remote DMA is complete Note that in order for the Remote DMA to transfer a byte from memory to the latch it must arbitrate access to the local bus via a BREQ BACK handshake After each byte or word is transferred to the latch BREQ is dropped If a Local DMA is in progress the Remote DMA is held off until the local DMA is complete
TL F 8582 72
REMOTE WRITE TIMING A Remote Write operation transfers data from the I O port to the local buffer RAM The NIC initiates a transfer by requesting a byte word via the PRQ The system transfers a byte word to the latch via IOW this write strobe is detected by the NIC and PRQ is removed By removing the PRQ the Remote DMA holds off further transfers into the latch until the current byte word has been transferred from the latch PRQ is reasserted and the next transfer can begin
1) NIC asserts PRQ System writes byte word into latch NIC removes PRQ 2) Remote DMA reads contents of port and writes byte word to local buffer memory increments address and decrements byte count (RBCR0 1) 3) Go back to step 1 Steps 1 3 are repeated until the remote DMA is complete
TL F 8582 73
36

SLAVE MODE TIMING When CS is low the NIC becomes a bus slave The CPU can then read or write any internal registers All register access is byte wide The timing for register access is shown below The host CPU accesses internal registers with four address lines RA0RA3 SRD and SWR strobes ADS0 is used to latch the address when interfacing to a multiplexed address data bus Since the NIC may be a local bus master when the host CPU attempts to read or write to the controller an ACK line is used to hold off the CPU until the NIC leaves master mode Some number of BSCK cycles is also required to allow the NIC to synchronize to the read or write cycle
Write to Register
TL F 8582 74
Read from Register
TL F 8582 75
TIME BETWEEN CHIP SELECTS The NIC requires that successive chip selects be no closer than 4 bus clocks (BSCK) together below If the condition is violated the NIC may glitch ACK CPUs that operate from pipelined instructions (i e 386) or have a cache (i e
486) can execute consecutive I O cycles very quickly The solution is to delay the execution of consecutive I O cycles by either breaking the pipeline or forcing the CPU to access outisde its cache
Time between Chip Selects
TL F 8582 A1
37
14 0 Preliminary Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings

If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications b 0 5V to a 7 0V Supply Voltage (VCC)
b 0 5V to VCC a 0 5V DC Input Voltage (VIN) b 0 5V to VCC a 0 5V DC Output Voltage (VOUT) b 65 C to a 150 C Storage Temperature Range (TSTG) Power Dissipation (PD) 500 mW Lead Temp (TL) (Soldering 10 sec ) 260 C 1600V ESD rating (RZAP e 1 5k CZAP e 120 pF)
Preliminary DC Specifications TA e 0 C to 70 C
Symbol VOH VOL VIH VIH2 VIL VIL2 IIN IOZ ICC Parameter Minimum High Level Output Voltage (Notes 1 4) Minimum Low Level Output Voltage (Notes 1 4) Minimum High Level Input Voltage (Note 2) Minimum High Level Input Voltage for RACK WACK (Note 2) Minimum Low Level Input Voltage (Note 2) Minimum Low Level Input Voltage For RACK WACK (Note 2) Input Current Maximum TRI-STATE Output Leakage Current Average Supply Current (Note 3)
VCC e 5V g 5% unless otherwise specified Min VCC b 0 1 35 01 04 20 27 08 06 Max Units V V V V V V V V mA mA
Conditions IOH e b20 mA IOH e b2 0 mA IOL e 20 mA IOL e 2 0 mA
VI e VCC or GND VOUT e VCC or GND TXCK e 10 MHz RXCK e 10 MHz BSCK e 20 MHz IOUT e 0 mA VIN e VCC or GND
b1 0 b 10
a1 0 a 10
40
mA
Note 1 These levels are tested dynamically using a limited amount of functional test patterns please refer to AC Test Load Note 2 Limited functional test patterns are performed at these input levels The majority of functional tests are performed at levels of 0V and 3V Note 3 This is measured with a 0 1 mF bypass capacitor between VCC and GND Note 4 The low drive CMOS compatible VOH and VOL limits are not tested directly Detailed device characterization validates that this specification can be guaranteed by testing the high drive TTL compatible VOL and VOH specification
38
15 0 Switching Characteristics AC Specs DP8390D Note
All Timing is Preliminary
Register Read (Latched Using ADS0)
TL F 8582 76
Symbol rss rsh aswi ackdv rdz rackl rackh rsrsl
Parameter Register Select Setup to ADS0 Low Register Select Hold from ADS0 Low Address Strobe Width In Acknowledge Low to Data Valid Read Strobe to Data TRI-STATE Read Strobe to ACK Low (Notes 1 3) Read Strobe to ACK High Register Select to Slave Read Low Latched RS03 (Note 2)
Min 10 13 15
Max
Units ns ns ns
55 15 70 n bcyc a 30 30 10
ns ns ns ns ns
Note 1 ACK is not generated until CS and SRD are low and the NIC has synchronized to the register access The NIC will insert an integral number of Bus Clock cycles until it is synchronized In Dual Bus systems additional cycles will be used for a local or remote DMA to complete Wait states must be issued to the CPU until ACK is asserted low Note 2 CS may be asserted before or after SRD If CS is asserted after SRD rackl is referenced from falling edge of CS CS can be de-asserted concurrently with SRD or after SRD is de-asserted Note 3 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention
39
15 0 Switching Characteristics (Continued)

Register Read (Non Latched ADS0 e 1)
TL F 8582 77
Symbol rsrs rsrh ackdv rdz rackl rackh
Parameter Register Select to Read Setup (Notes 1 3) Register Select Hold from Read ACK Low to Valid Data Read Strobe to Data TRI-STATE (Note 2) Read Strobe to ACK Low (Note 3) Read Strobe to ACK High
Min 10 0
Max
Units ns ns
55 15 70 n bcyc a 30 30
ns ns ns ns
Note 1 rsrs includes flow-through time of latch Note 2 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention Note 3 CS may be asserted before or after RA03 and SRD since address decode begins when ACK is asserted If CS is asserted after RA0-3 and SRD rack1 is referenced from falling edge of CS
40

Register Write (Latched Using ADS0)
TL F 8582 78
Symbol rss rsh aswi rwds rwdh ww wackh wackl rswsl
Parameter Register Select Setup to ADS0 Low Register Select Hold from ADS0 Low Address Strobe Width In Register Write Data Setup Register Write Data Hold Write Strobe Width from ACK Write Strobe High to ACK High Write Low to ACK Low (Notes 1 2) Register Select to Write Strobe Low
Min 10 17 15 20 21 50
Max
Units ns ns ns ns ns ns
30 n bcyc a 30 10
ns ns ns
Note 1 ACK is not generated until CS and SWR are low and the NIC has synchronized to the register access In Dual Bus Systems additional cycles will be used for a local DMA or Remote DMA to complete Note 2 CS may be asserted before or after SWR If CS is asserted after SWR wackl is referenced from falling edge of CS
41

Register Write (Non Latched ADS0 e 1)
TL F 8582 79
Symbol rsws rswh rwds rwdh wackl wackh ww
Parameter Register Select to Write Setup (Note 1) Register Select Hold from Write Register Write Data Setup Register Write Data Hold Write Low to ACK Low (Note 2) Write High to ACK High Write Width from ACK
Min 15 0 20 21
Max
Units ns ns ns ns
n bcyc a 30 30 50
ns ns ns
Note 1 Assumes ADS0 is high when RA03 changing Note 2 ACK is not generated until CS and SWR are low and the NIC has synchronized to the register access In Dual Bus systems additional cycles will be used for a local DMA or remote DMA to complete
42

DMA Control Bus Arbitration
TL F 8582 80
Symbol brqhl brqhr brql backs bccte bcctr
Parameter Bus Clock to Bus Request High for Local DMA Bus Clock to Bus Request High for Remote DMA Bus Request Low from Bus Clock Acknowledge Setup to Bus Clock (Note 1) Bus Clock to Control Enable Bus Clock to Control Release (Notes 2 3)
Min
Max 43 38 55
Units ns ns ns ns
2 60 70
ns ns
Note 1 BACK must be setup before T1 after BREQ is asserted Missed setup will slip the beginning of the DMA by four bus clocks The Bus Latency will influence the allowable FIFO threshold and transfer mode (empty fill vs exact burst transfer) Note 2 During remote DMA transfers only a single bus transfer is performed During local DMA operations burst mode transfers are performed Note 3 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention
43

DMA Address Generation
TL F 8582 81
Symbol bcyc bch bcl bcash bcasl aswo bcadv bcadz ads adh
Parameter Bus Clock Cycle Time (Note 2) Bus Clock High Time Bus Clock Low Time Bus Clock to Address Strobe High Bus Clock to Address Strobe Low Address Strobe Width Out Bus Clock to Address Valid Bus Clock to Address TRI-STATE (Note 3) Address Setup to ADS0 1 Low Address Hold from ADS0 1 Low
Min 50 22 5 22 5
Max 1000
Units ns ns ns
34 44 bch 45 15 bch b 15 bcl b 5 55
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
Note 1 Cycles T1 T2 T3 T4 are only issued for the first transfer in a burst when 32-bit mode has been selected Note 2 The rate of bus clock must be high enough to support transfers to from the FIFO at a rate greater than the serial network transfers from to the FIFO Note 3 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention
44

DMA Memory Read
TL F 8582 82
Symbol bcrl bcrh ds dh drw raz asds dsada avrh
Parameter Bus Clock to Read Strobe Low Bus Clock to Read Strobe High Data Setup to Read Strobe High Data Hold from Read Strobe High DMA Read Strobe Width Out Memory Read High to Address TRI-STATE (Notes 1 2) Address Strobe to Data Strobe Data Strobe to Address Active Address Valid to Read Strobe High
Min
Max 43 40
Units ns ns ns ns ns
25 0 2 bcyc b 15 bch a 40 bcl a 10 bcyc b 10 3 bcyc b 15
ns ns ns ns
Note 1 During a burst A8A15 are not TRI-STATE if byte wide transfers are selected On the last transfer A8A15 are TRI-STATE as shown above Note 2 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within bch a 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention
45

DMA Memory Write
TL F 8582 83
Symbol bcwl bcwh wds wdh waz asds aswd
Parameter Bus Clock to Write Strobe Low Bus Clock to Write Strobe High Data Setup to WR High Data Hold from WR Low Write Strobe to Address TRI-STATE (Notes 1 2) Address Strobe to Data Strobe Address Strobe to Write Data Valid
Min
Max 40 40
Units ns ns ns ns
2 bcyc b 30 bch a 7 bch a 40 bcl a 10 bcl a 30
ns ns ns
Note 1 When using byte mode transfers A8A15 are only TRI-STATE on the last transfer waz timing is only valid for last transfer in a burst Note 2 These limits include the RC delay inherent in our test method These signals typically turn off within bch a 15 ns enabling other devices to drive these lines with no contention
46

Wait State Insertion
TL F 8582 45
Symbol ews ewr
Parameter External Wait Setup to T3v Clock (Note 1) External Wait Release Time (Note 1)
Min 10 15
Max
Units ns ns
Note 1 The addition of wait states affects the count of deserialized bytes and is limited to a number of bus clock cycles depending on the bus clock and network rates The allowable wait states are found in the table below (Assumes 10 Mbit sec data rate ) The number of allowable wait states in byte mode can be calculated using W(byte mode) e W tnw tbsck
BSCK (MHz) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0 1 1 1 2 2
of Wait States Byte Transfer Word Transfer 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
e Number of Wait States e Network Clock Period e BSCK Period
4 5 tbsck 1 J
8 tnw
b
The number of allowable wait states in word mode can be calculated using W(word mode) e
2 tbsck 1 J
5 tnw
b
Table assumes 10 MHz network clock
47

Remote DMA (Read Send Command)
TL F 8582 84
Symbol bpwrl bpwrh prqh prql rakw
Parameter Bus Clock to Port Write Low Bus Clock to Port Write High Port Write High to Port Request High (Note 1) Port Request Low from Read Acknowledge High Remote Acknowledge Read Strobe Pulse Width
Min
Max 43 40 30 45
20
Note 1 Start of next transfer is dependent on where RACK is generated relative to BSCK and whether a local DMA is pending
48

Remote DMA (Read Send Command) Recovery Time
TL F 8582 85
Symbol bpwrl bpwrh prqh prql rakw rhpwh
Parameter Bus Clock to Port Write Low Bus Clock to Port Write High Port Write High to Port Request High (Note 1) Port Request Low from Read Acknowledge High Remote Acknowledge Read Strobe Pulse Width Read Acknowledge High to Next Port Write Cycle (Notes 2 3 4)
Min
Max 43 40 30 45
20
11
BUSCK
Note 1 Start of next transfer is dependent on where RACK is generated relative to BSCK and whether a local DMA is pending Note 2 This is not a measured value but guaranteed by design Note 3 RACK must be high for a minimum of 7 BUSCK Note 4 Assumes no local DMA interleave no CS and immediate BACK
49

Remote DMA (Write Cycle)
TL F 8582 86
Symbol bprqh wprql wackw bprdl bprdh
Parameter Bus Clock to Port Request High (Note 1) WACK to Port Request Low WACK Pulse Width Bus Clock to Port Read Low (Note 2) Bus Clock to Port Read High
Min
Max 42 45
Units ns ns ns
20 40 40
ns ns
Note 1 The first port request is issued in response to the remote write command It is subsequently issued on T1 clock cycles following completion of remote DMA cycles Note 2 The start of the remote DMA write following WACK is dependent on where WACK is issued relative to BUSCK and whether a local DMA is pending
50

Remote DMA (Write Cycle) Recovery Time
TL F 8582 87
Symbol bprqh wprql wackw bprdl bprdh wprq
Parameter Bus Clock to Port Request High (Note 1) WACK to Port Request Low WACK Pulse Width Bus Clock to Port Read Low (Note 2) Bus Clock to Port Read High Remote Write Port Request to Port Request Time (Notes 3 4 5)
Min
Max 40 45
Units ns ns ns
20 40 40 12
ns ns BUSCK
Note 1 The first port request is issued in response to the remote write command It is subsequently issued on T1 clock cycles following completion of remote DMA cycles Note 2 The start of the remote DMA write following WACK is dependent on where WACK is issued relative to BUSCK and whether a local DMA is pending Note 3 Assuming wackw k 1 BUSCK and no local DMA interleave no CS immediate BACK and WACK goes high before T4 Note 4 WACK must be high for a minimum of 7 BUSCK Note 5 This is not a measured value but guaranteed by design
51

Serial Timing Receive (Beginning of Frame)
TL F 8582 88
Symbol rch rcl rcyc rds rdh pts
Parameter Receive Clock High Time Receive Clock Low Time Receive Clock Cycle Time Receive Data Setup Time to Receive Clock High (Note 1) Receive Data Hold Time from Receive Clock High First Preamble Bit to Synch (Note 2)
Min 40 40 80 20 17 8
Max
Units ns ns
120
ns ns ns rcyc cycles
Note 1 All bits entering NIC must be properly decoded if the PLL is still locking the clock to the NIC should be disabled or CRS delayed Any two sequential 1 data bits will be interpreted as Synch Note 2 This is a minimum requirement which allows reception of a packet
Serial Timing
Receive (End of Frame)
TL F 8582 89
Symbol rxrck tdrb tifg tcrsl
Parameter Minimum Number of Receive Clocks after CRS Low (Note 1) Maximum of Allowed Dribble Bits Clocks (Note 2) Receive Recovery Time (Notes 4 5) Receive Clock to Carrier Sense Low (Note 3)
Min 5
Max
Units rcyc cycles
3 40 0 1
rcyc cycles rcyc cycles rcyc cycles
Note 1 The NIC requires a minimum number of receive clocks following the de-assertion of carrier sense (CRS) These additional clocks are provided by the DP8391 SNI If other decoder PLLs are being used additional clocks should be provided Short clocks or glitches are not allowed Note 2 Up to 5 bits of dribble bits can be tolerated without resulting in a receive error Note 3 Guarantees to only load bit N additional bits up to tdrb can be tolerated Note 4 This is the time required for the receive state machine to complete end of receive processing This parameter is not measured but is guaranteed by design This is not a measured parameter but is a design requirement Note 5 CRS must remain de-asserted for a minimum of 2 RXC cycles to be recognized as end of carrier
52

Serial Timing Transmit (Beginning of Frame)
TL F 8582 90
Symbol txch txcl txcyc txcenh txcsdv txcsdh
Parameter Transmit Clock High Time Transmit Clock Low Time Transmit Clock Cycle Time Transmit Clock to Transmit Enable High (Note 1) Transmit Clock to Serial Data Valid Serial Data Hold Time from Transmit Clock High
Min 36 36 80
Max
Units ns ns
120 48 67
ns ns ns ns
10
Note 1 The NIC issues TXEN coincident with the first bit of preamble The first bit of preamble is always a 1
Serial Timing
Transmit (End of Frame CD Heartbeat)
TL F 8582 91
Symbol tcdl tcenl tdcdh cdhw
Parameter Transmit Clock to Data Low Transmit Clock to TXEN Low TXEN Low to Start of Collision Detect Heartbeat (Note 1) Collision Detect Width
Min
Max 55 55
Units ns ns txcyc cycles txcyc cycles
0 2
64
Note 1 If COL is not seen during the first 64 TX clock cycles following de-assertion of TXEN the CDH bit in the TSR is set
53

Serial Timing Transmit (Collision)
TL F 8582 92
Symbol tcolw tcdj tjam
Parameter Collision Detect Width Delay from Collision to First Bit of Jam (Note 1) Jam Period (Note 2)
Min 2
Max
Units txcyc cycles
8 32
txcyc cycles txcyc cycles
Note 1 The NIC must synchronize to collision detect If the NIC is in the middle of serializing a byte of data the remainder of the byte will be serialized Thus the jam pattern will start anywhere from 1 to 8 TXC cycles after COL is asserted Note 2 The NIC always issues 32 bits of jam The jam is all 1s data
Reset Timing
TL F 8582 93
Symbol rstw
Parameter Reset Pulse Width (Note 1)
Min 8
Max
Units BSCK Cycles or TXC Cycles (Note 2)
Note 1 The RESET pulse requires that BSCK and TXC be stable On power up RESET should not be raised until BSCK and TXC have become stable Several registers are affected by RESET Consult the register descriptions for details Note 2 The slower of BSCK or TXC clocks will determine the minimum time for the RESET signal to be low If BSCK k TXC then RESET e 8 c BSCK If TXC k BSCK then RESET e 8 c TXC
54
AC Timing Test Conditions

Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input and Output Reference Levels TRI-STATE Reference Levels Output Load (See Figure below) GND to 3 0V 5 ns 1 3V Float (DV) g 0 5V
Pin Capacitance TA e 25 C
Parameter CIN COUT Description Input Capacitance Output Capacitance Typ 7 7
f e 1 MHz Max 15 15 Unit pF pF
Note This parameter is sampled and not 100% tested
DERATING FACTOR Output timings are measured with a purely capacitave load for 50 pF The following correction factor can be used for other loads CL t 50 pf a 0 3 ns pF (for all outputs except TXE TXD and LBK)
TL F 8582 94
Note 1 CL e 50 pF includes scope and jig capacitance Note 2 S1 e Open for timing tests for push pull outputs S1 e VCC for VOL test S1 e GND for VOH test S1 e VCC for High Impedance to active low and active low to High Impedance measurements S1 e GND for High Impedance to active high and active high to High Impedance measurements
55
16 0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
Lit
103052
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number DP8390DN NS Package Number N48A
Plastic Chip Carrier (V) Order Number DP8390DV NS Package Number V68A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONALS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein 1 Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user
National Semiconductor Corporation 1111 West Bardin Road Arlington TX 76017 Tel 1(800) 272-9959 Fax 1(800) 737-7018
2 A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness
National Semiconductor Europe Fax (a49) 0-180-530 85 86 Email cnjwge tevm2 nsc com Deutsch Tel (a49) 0-180-530 85 85 English Tel (a49) 0-180-532 78 32 Fran ais Tel (a49) 0-180-532 93 58 Italiano Tel (a49) 0-180-534 16 80
National Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd 13th Floor Straight Block Ocean Centre 5 Canton Rd Tsimshatsui Kowloon Hong Kong Tel (852) 2737-1600 Fax (852) 2736-9960
National Semiconductor Japan Ltd Tel 81-043-299-2309 Fax 81-043-299-2408
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications
This datasheet has been downloaded from: www.DatasheetCatalog.com Datasheets for electronic components.

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DP8390D NS32490D NIC Network Interface Controller

DP8390D NS32490D NIC Network Interface Controller

3 0 Functional Description (Continued)

4 0 Transmit Receive Packet Encapsulation Decapsulation

Order Number DP8390DN or DP8390DV See NS Package Number N48A or V68A

5 0 Pin Descriptions (Continued)

SWR SRD ACK

5 0 Pin Descriptions (Continued)

NETWORK INTERFACE PINS COL 40 I

RXD CRS RXC LBK TXD TXC

POWER VCC GND 36 13

6 0 Direct Memory Access Control (DMA)

6 0 Direct Memory Access Control (DMA) (Continued)

32-Bit DMA Operation

NIC Receive Buffer Ring

7 0 Packet Reception (Continued)

Receive Buffer Ring At Initialization

Linking Receive Buffer Pages

1) Check for e to PSTOP 2) Check for e to Boundary

7 0 Packet Reception (Continued)

7 0 Packet Reception (Continued)

7 0 Packet Reception (Continued)

BOS e 1 WTS e 1 in Data Configuration Register

This format used with 68000 type processors

BOS e 0 WTS e 0 in Data Configuration Register

This format used with general 8-bit CPUs

Next Packet Pointer Receive Byte Count 1 Byte 2

Receive Status Receive Byte Count 0

BOS e 0 WTS e 1 in Data Configuration Register

This format used with Series 32000 808X type processors

8 0 Packet Transmission (Continued)

D15 DA0 DA2 DA4 SA0 SA2 SA4 T L0 DATA 0

D8 D7 DA1 DA3 DA5 SA1 SA3 SA5 T L1 DATA 1

BOS e 1 WTS e 1 in Data Configuration Register

DA5 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3

This format is used with general 8-bit CPUs

BOS e 0 WTS e 1 in Data Configuration Register

This format is used with Series 32000 808X type processors

9 0 Remote DMA (Continued)

Timing Diagram for Dummy Remote Read

9 0 Remote DMA (Continued)

9 0 Remote DMA (Continued)

Transmit Prefetch Timing

9 0 Remote DMA (Continued)

10 1 REGISTER ADDRESS MAPPING

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

RD0 RD1 RD2

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

Symbol PRX PTX RXE

OVW CNT RDC RST

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

RDCE CNTE OVWE TXEE RXEE PTXE PRXE

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

reserved reserved reserved

10 0 Internal Registers (Continued)

Symbol PTX reserved COL