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Gauss Jordan Practice

The document discusses the Gauss-Jordan method for solving systems of linear equations. It explains how to write a system of equations as an augmented matrix and then use row operations to isolate the variables. Some key steps are to create the augmented matrix, use row operations to transform it so the first row is [1 0 0 | a1], then the second row is [0 1 0 | a2], and continue this process to solve for all variables. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving systems by finding the values of variables that satisfy the equations.

Uploaded by

dibyodibakar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
157 views

Gauss Jordan Practice

The document discusses the Gauss-Jordan method for solving systems of linear equations. It explains how to write a system of equations as an augmented matrix and then use row operations to isolate the variables. Some key steps are to create the augmented matrix, use row operations to transform it so the first row is [1 0 0 | a1], then the second row is [0 1 0 | a2], and continue this process to solve for all variables. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving systems by finding the values of variables that satisfy the equations.

Uploaded by

dibyodibakar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions of Linear Systems by the Gauss-Jordan Method

The Gauss Jordan method allows us to isolate the coecients of a system of


linear equations making it simpler to solve for.
Creating the Augmented Matrix
To isolate the coecients of a system of linear equations we create an augmented
matrix as follows:
_
_
_
a
1
x + b
1
y + c
1
z = d
1
a
2
x + b
2
y + c
2
z = d
2
a
3
x + b
2
y + c
3
z = d
3
becomes
_
_
a
1
b
1
c
1
d
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
d
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
d
3
_
_
.
Exercise Represent the following systems of linear equations by an augmented
matrix:
(1)
_
_
_
x + z = 6
x + 2z + 6y = 9
x 4y z = 5
(2)
_
_
_
2x + 3z = y
5x + z = 3 + 2y
x + 6y + z = 9
Exercise Construct the system of linear equations from the augmented ma-
tricies
(1)
_
_
2 0 1
3 9 2
2 4 0
_
_
.
(2)
_
1 1 0 7
4 3 2 1
_
.
Row Operations
We can manipulate an augmented matrix using the following rules:
(1) Switch any two rows.
(2) Multiply a row by a nonzero real number.
(3) Adding a nonzero multiple of one row to any other row.
Exercise Rewrite the given augmented matrix according to the row operations
specied.
_
_
2 3 1 1
3 2 1 3
1 0 1 2
_
_
.
1
(1) R
1
+ 2R
2
R
1
(2) Switch rst and second row, and R
1
2R
3
R
3
.
Gauss Jordan Method
(1) Write system of equations so that variables are on the right side of the
equals sign.
(2) Write the augmented matrix for the system of equations
(3) Use the row operations to rewrite the augmented matrix so that the rst
row looks like:
[1 0 0 0 | a
1
]
(3) Use the row operations to rewrite the augmented matrix so that the second
row looks like:
[0 1 0 0 | a
1
]
(4) Continue this process for as long as you can.
2
Example Solve the following system of linear equations using the Gauss Jordan
method.
_
_
_
3x + 5y = z
4x z = 1 2y
7x + 4y + z = 1
3
Check Your Answers !!!
Insert the values that you calculated for x, y and z to check that the system of
linear euqations hold.
Solving a system of equations with an innite number of solutions
Example Solve the following system of linear equations using the Gauss Jordan
method.
_
_
_
4x 3y + z = 21 w
2x y + 2z + 7w = 2
10x = 15 + 5z + 20w
4
Solution:
What does this mean?
5
Addition and Subtraction of Matricies
Denition We say that the following matrix is an n m matrix
_

_
a
11
a
12
a
1m
a
21
a
22
a
2m
. .
. .
. .
a
n1
a
n2
a
nm
_

_
.
Describe the following matrices.
(1)
_
_
2 5 6
0 4 0
9 1 4
_
_
(2)
_

_
3
0
1
0
_

_
(3)
_
_
5 4
0 0
4 1
_
_
(2)
_
1 1 0 8 5

Deniton Two matricies are equal if they are of the same size and have similar
coresponding elements.
Example Do there exist values that make the following matricies equal? If so,
what are the values? If not, why not?
(1)
_
_
3 7 0 1
4 3 1 0
5 6 1 1
_
_
and
_
_
x 7 0 1
4 y 1 z
5 6 1 1
_
_
(2)
_
2 1 0
3 1 1
_
and
_
_
2 1 x
3 y 1
3 1 1
_
_
Adding Matrices
To add two matricies which have the same size you do the following operation
_

_
a
11
a
12
a
1m
a
21
a
22
a
2m
. .
. .
. .
a
n1
a
n2
a
nm
_

_
+
_

_
b
11
b
12
b
1m
b
21
b
22
b
2m
. .
. .
. .
b
n1
b
n2
b
nm
_

_
=
_

_
a
11
+ b
11
a
12
+ b
12
a
1m
+ b
1m
a
21
+ b
21
a
22
+ b
22
a
2m
+ b
2m
. .
. .
. .
a
n1
+ b
n1
a
n2
+ b
n2
a
nm
+ b
nm
_

_
.
YOU CAN ONLY ADD MATRICES OF THE SAME SIZE!
6
Notation:
If
A =
_

_
a
11
a
12
a
1m
a
21
a
22
a
2m
. .
. .
. .
a
n1
a
n2
a
nm
_

_
and B =
_

_
b
11
b
12
b
1m
b
21
b
22
b
2m
. .
. .
. .
b
n1
b
n2
b
nm
_

_
then
A + B =
_

_
a
11
+ b
11
a
12
+ b
12
a
1m
+ b
1m
a
21
+ b
21
a
22
+ b
22
a
2m
+ b
2m
. .
. .
. .
a
n1
+ b
n1
a
n2
+ b
n2
a
nm
+ b
nm
_

_
.
Multiplying a matrix by a constant: If A is the matrix above and k is a
constant then
kA =
_

_
ka
11
ka
12
ka
1m
ka
21
ka
22
ka
2m
. .
. .
. .
ka
n1
ka
n2
ka
nm
_

_
Subtracting Matrices
Let A and B be the matrices describes above, then
AB = A + (B).
Examples Preform the Following operations if they are possible. If it is not
possible, please explain why.
(1)
_
2 1 0
3 1 1
_
+
_
3 1 0
1 2 1
_
=
(2)
_

_
1
3
4
1
0
_

_
+
_
4 1 0 2 2

=
7
(4) 2
_
_
3 0 1
0 4 1
5 2 1
_
_
=
(3)
_
_
3 0 1
0 4 1
5 2 1
_
_

_
_
2 1 0
1 2 1
8 10 1
_
_
=
(4)
_
_
2 1 1
10 4 1
8 2 3
_
_

_
2 5 7
1 12 0
_
=
Denition The zero matrix is any matrix with all its entries equal to 0.
0 =
_

_
0 0 0
0 0 0
. . .
. . .
. . .
0 0 0
_

_
Denition The additive inverse of a matrix A, is the matrix B, such that
A + B = 0.
NOTE: This implies that the additive inverse of A is A.
Exercise Find the additive inverses of the following matricies.
(1)
_
3 2
1 0
_
(2) 2
_
1 0 3
3 5 1
_
(3)
_

_
2 5
0 3
1 1
1 3
_

_
8

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