Poster For Thorium Based Nuclear Power
Poster For Thorium Based Nuclear Power
Poster For Thorium Based Nuclear Power
INTRODUCTION
The availability of a clean and reliable source of electric energy is critical to the progress and survival of the modern world. While promising work has been done in the harnessing of solar, wind and tidal energy sources, these are not enough to meet todays energy needs. Nuclear power supplemented with renewable sources has the greatest potential to meet energy demands without the crippling drawbacks of fossil fuels. Unfortunately nuclear power in its current form has its own issues which hamper its implementation and make the general public rightfully concerned. Power generation needs fall into two categories, the base-load and the transient-load. The transient-load is best handled by sources such as solar, wind and hydroelectric since these are
capable of rapid changes in output, while fossil fuels and nuclear are better suited to meeting the base-load since they have large generating capacities, and they are not capable of the rapid, unplanned changes in their capacity to meet the demands of the transient load. Utilizing fossil fuels to meet the baseload will not be an option in the future so a revamp of nuclear power needs to occur to meet this need. We p r o p o s e i m p l e m e n t i n g n e x t generation molten salt reactors (MSRs) powered by thorium fuel as the new standard to meet the worlds base-load demands. These safe and efcient nuclear reactors represent a signicant improvement over todays nuclear technology. MSRs not only generate minimal waste byproducts, but can actually use old uranium-generated waste as fuel.
STATEMENT OF WORK
The transition to a thorium fuel cycle will occur in several stages. The initial stage consists of research and development for the materials and components needed in commercial systems. The molten salt fuel mixture is highly corrosive, and the pipes and housing of this mixture will need to be made out of a material which can withstand these conditions. Several test loops will test these materials and components under the conditions that will be experienced in an actual reactor setup. This R&D will continue in parallel with the other implementation stages. This research and development culminates with the construction and testing of a pilot-plant called the miniFUJI, which will occur over a several year period. The miniFUJI will
mainly be built to verify that the reaction within the reaction chamber is valid and the expected result can be observed. This will be an opportunity to learn from any design faults and improve the materials and components used. The next stage of the transition will take the results of the pilot-plant and use them to design a small scale power station called the FUJI. With this prototype, we will be able to generate power at a small scale. It will be able to generate about 150 to 200 MWe. Once we conrm that all the tests have been run successfully, we will gather all the data about the plant at the current state and try to further improve or x any aws that were found. At this point everything would be prepared to pass off information to utility companies for implementation of full scale thorium power plants.
URANIUM
SAFETY
High operating pressures steam explosions during meltdown Current reactor safety features are active - require constant power
THORIUM
Atmospheric pressure and far below the boiling temperature of the salt Passive safety such as the freeze plug - instant stop during overheating Much more difcult and dangerous to produce weapons Far less waste - most waste is consumed in nuclear fuel cycle This waste contains far fewer transuranics and is only hazardous for 300 years Short storage time greatly simplies the problem of storing waste Current waste and weapon material can be consumed in molten salt reactors Thorium is estimated to be four times as abundant as uranium Near 100% utilization of fuel no enrichment or depleted waste fuel $200M General R&D
Industrial
200
Residential
Commercial
Power (MW)
150 100 50 0
Base-Load
PROLIFERATION
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Enrichment and waste products can be used to construct a ssion weapon Once through fuel cycle in produces large amounts of dangerous waste Waste contains many transuranics - hazardous for at least 10,000 years There is currently no long term solution for storing nuclear waste
WASTE
$400M miniFUJI
Reactor Design - $100M Reactor Mockup - $50M Reactor Remote Maintenace - $75M Reactor Construction and Oepration - $400M
!233U
Fission n
233U
233U
ABUNDANCE
Uranium could be used to generate power for the next 5B years at current demand Only about 5% of the available energy in uranium fuel is utilized
Energy
EFFICIENCY
Years