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    Frog Organs

    Uploaded by

    Ken Rubio
    The document discusses the organ systems of the toad, including the digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and nervous systems. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, waste, and more throughout the body via blood vessels. The excretory system removes waste through structures like kidneys, nephridia, and Malpighian tubules. Respiration occurs via lungs, gills, or tracheal systems. The nervous system senses and coordinates the organ systems using networks, ladders, or central nervous systems.

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    Frog Organs

    Uploaded by

    Ken Rubio
    173 views25 pages
    The document discusses the organ systems of the toad, including the digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and nervous systems. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, waste, and more throughout the body via blood vessels. The excretory system removes waste through structures like kidneys, nephridia, and Malpighian tubules. Respiration occurs via lungs, gills, or tracheal systems. The nervous system senses and coordinates the organ systems using networks, ladders, or central nervous systems.

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    Biology

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    The document discusses the organ systems of the toad, including the digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and nervous systems. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, waste, and more throughout the body via blood vessels. The excretory system removes waste through structures like kidneys, nephridia, and Malpighian tubules. Respiration occurs via lungs, gills, or tracheal systems. The nervous system senses and coordinates the organ systems using networks, ladders, or central nervous systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    173 views25 pages

    Frog Organs

    Uploaded by

    Ken Rubio
    The document discusses the organ systems of the toad, including the digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and nervous systems. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, waste, and more throughout the body via blood vessels. The excretory system removes waste through structures like kidneys, nephridia, and Malpighian tubules. Respiration occurs via lungs, gills, or tracheal systems. The nervous system senses and coordinates the organ systems using networks, ladders, or central nervous systems.

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    Organ Systems of the Toad

    Digestive System
    Function of nutrition (ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion) Both physical and mechanical breakdown of food Amoeba and Paramecium formation of a food vacuole

    Incomplete Digestive System


    Mouth serves as entrance of food and exit of waste materials Chlonorchis and Fasciola trematodes; with 2 suckers for attachment to host

    Cockroach Digestive System


    Esophagus Crop Gizzard Intestinal caeca Midgut Mapighian tubules Hindgut

    Complete Digestive System


    Coelom -> pericardial cavity and pleuro-peritoneal cavity Pleuro-peritoneal cavity
    Body wall lining: parietal peritoneum
    Viscera lining: visceral peritoneum

    Mesenteries suspend the viscera from the body wall


    o Mesogaster suspends stomach o Mesorecturm suspends large intestine (rectum) o Mesenterium suspends small intestine (ileum)

    Omentum connect viscera


    o Gastro-hepato-duodenal omentum connects the stomach, liver, duodenum

    Buccal Cavity
    Maxillary teeth Tongue Esophageal opening Glottis Opening to vocal sacs (males only) Choanae/internal nares Vomerine teeth Opening to Eustachian tube

    Digestive Tube
    Esophagus Stomach Pyloric sphincter Small intestine
    Duodenum Ileum

    Large intestine Cloaca

    Digestive Glands
    Liver
    Largest gland in the body Secretes bile Gall bladder

    Stores bile Drained by cystic duct

    Pancreas
    Within gastro-hepato-duodenal omentum Secretes pancreatic juice Common bile duct union of cystic duct, hepatic ducts, pancreatic ducts

    Respiratory System
    Facilitates the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment Derived from the integument of the lining of the digestive tube Permeable, highly vascularized, in contact with medium rich in oxygen

    Aquatic Respiratory Systems


    Gills

    Gill arches

    Pharyngeal clefts

    Terrestrial Respiratory Systems


    Tracheal system provide oxygen directly to tissues Tracheal trunk Spiracles - openings

    Excretory System
    Excretion of waste substances Protonephridia lower metazoans Metanephridia annelids Nephridia mollusks Green glands crustaceans Malpighian tubules insects, arachnids (uric acid crystals) Kidneys - vertebrates

    Kidneys
    Retroperitoneal Lie in cisterna magna Drained by mesonephric/Wolffian duct (toads) or ureter (mammals) Drains into urinary bladder which stores urine before releasing it into the cloaca

    Mammalian Kidney
    Cortex
    Renal corpuscles tubules

    Medulla
    Collecting tubules

    Renal pelvis
    Expanded beginning of ureter

    Hilus
    Concavity containing the blood vessels (renal artery and vein)
    *renal pyramid made up of collecting tubules and renal papilla

    Circulatory System
    Transport of gases, nutrients, metabolic wastes, hormones and other substances to the different parts of the body Assists in homeostasis Not present in lower metazoans

    Open Circulatory System


    Aorta Heart
    With lateral ostia guarded by valves to prevent backflow Located in the pericardial sinus Ventral wall is called the dorsal diaphragm

    Trachea (respiratory system)

    Closed Circulatory System

    CONUS ARTERIOSUS

    Arterial System

    PULMOCUTANEOUS ARTERY

    COELIACOMESENTERIC ARTERY

    COELIAC ARTERY

    Venous System
    ANTERIOR VENA CAVA

    POSTERIOR VENA CAVA

    Mammalian Heart

    Nervous System
    Perceive and transmit stimuli, coordinate and integrate the functions of the different organ systems 1. Nerve Net coelenterates Impulses transmitted in all directions from the point of stimulations 2. Ladder flatworms Cephalization present 3. Ganglionic arthropods & mollusks Ventral nerve cord and cerebral ganglia 4. Tubular vertebrates Hollow nerve tube

    Types of Nervous Systems

    Frog Brain

    Cerebellum

    Diencephalon

    Frog Brain Vesicles


    1st and 2nd lateral vesicles 3rd ventricle

    Opticoels
    Aqueduct of Sylvius

    4th Ventricle

    Huling hirit
    Importante ang blood tracing, sabihin ang lahat ng vessels na dinadaanan ng dugo pag pinatrace kayo. Alam niyo na dapat kung ano yung nagsusupply o nagdedrain ng mga parte ng katawan ng toad. Kung napansin niyo, ito lang rin yung nasa manual, kaya magbasa kayo ng manual ok? Andun naman halos lahat ng sagot, maliban sa answers to questions na dapat sinagutan niyo na. Hindi ko sinama yung sa nervous system masyado, ipapasa niyo pa kasi sa akin yun sa exam date. Sa exam mismo, basahin niyo ng mabuti yung questions. Good luck sa inyong lahat! See you in Bio 12.

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