This document discusses scaling sets of data by adding or multiplying constants. It provides examples of how scaling affects the mean and standard deviation. Specifically, it states that adding a constant increases the mean by that constant while leaving the standard deviation unchanged, and multiplying by a constant increases the mean and standard deviation by that constant.
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This document discusses scaling sets of data by adding or multiplying constants. It provides examples of how scaling affects the mean and standard deviation. Specifically, it states that adding a constant increases the mean by that constant while leaving the standard deviation unchanged, and multiplying by a constant increases the mean and standard deviation by that constant.
This document discusses scaling sets of data by adding or multiplying constants. It provides examples of how scaling affects the mean and standard deviation. Specifically, it states that adding a constant increases the mean by that constant while leaving the standard deviation unchanged, and multiplying by a constant increases the mean and standard deviation by that constant.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses scaling sets of data by adding or multiplying constants. It provides examples of how scaling affects the mean and standard deviation. Specifically, it states that adding a constant increases the mean by that constant while leaving the standard deviation unchanged, and multiplying by a constant increases the mean and standard deviation by that constant.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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SCALING SETS OF DATA In general, if each number is increased by a constant c The mean is increased by c The standard deviation remain
in unaltered
if y = x + c, then y = x + c, s y = s x That is, In general, if each number is multiplied by a constant k The mean is multiplied by k The standard deviation is multiplied by k
if y = kx, then y = k x, s y = k s x That is, Combining these two results,
if y = ax + b, then y = a x + b, s y = a s x Example 1 !weets are packed into bags with a nominal mass of "#g$ Ten bags are picked at random from the production line and weighed$ Their masses, in grams, are "%, "&$', "#$1, "($", "', "&$(, "#$&, "&, "($1, "'$) a* find mean mass and standard deviation$ It was later discovered that the scales were reading ($'g below the correct weight b* what was the correct mean mass of the ten bags and the correct weight+ c* compare your answer to ,a* and ,b* and comment$ Solution: a* mean - "&$.%, standard deviation - 1$1%%$$$ - 1$1" ,' d$p$* b* /ean - ""$'%, standard deviation - 1$1" , '$d$p$* c* Correct mean 0 original mean - ($' !o, correct mean - original mean 1 ($'2 correct s$d - original s$d If each reading is increased by ($', then the mean is increased by ($', however, the standard deviation remains unchanged$ Example ' 3or the mean of & numbers is &$1'#, standard deviation - 1$#1#$$$ If each number is multiplying by (, find the new mean and standard deviation
Solution: 4ew mean - &$1'# , (* - 1'$("# 4ew standard deviation - ( ,1$#1#$$$* - &$#&%$$$ Example ( 5oe6s mean mark for the physics tests for the term was &#$ 7is teacher decided to scale all the marks according to the formula y - 'x 0 %, where y is the new mark and x the original marl$ 3ind 5oe6s new mean mark$ Solution 5oe6s new mean mark - ',&#*0% - )& Example & The standard deviation of three numbers a, b, c is ($'$ a* !tate the standard deviation of the three numbers (a, (b, (c b* !tate the standard deviation of the three number a1', b1', c1' c* !tate the standard deviation of the three numbers 'a1#, 'b1#, 'c1# Solution: a* (,($'*-8$% b* ($' c* ',($'* -%$& Example # 3or students on an Electronics course the assessment consists of two components a written examination paper and a pro9ect, the marks for the examination paper are distributed with a mean of %' and a standard deviation of 1%$ Those for the pro9ect have a mean of (" and a standard deviation of %, :nna, a student on the course, scored ). marks on the examination paper and &% marks for her pro9ect$ a* Transform each of :nna6s marks into a standardised score, such that for each component, the mean and standard deviation for all students on the course are #. and '., respectively$ b* 7ence, compare :nna6s relative performance in the two assessment components$ Solution: a* 3or Examination ;aper
y = #., s y = '.
!tandardised values
x = %', s x = 1% y = a x + b2 #. = %'a + b
y = ax + b <et , then 4ow, 7ence,
Examination values
s y = as x 2 '. = 1%a a = 1$'#, b = '"$#
y = 1$'# x '"$# The transformation for the examination paper is Therefore, :nna6s standardised mark for the examination is "'$# 3or ;ro9ect
y = #., s y = '. !tandardised values
x = (", s x = % y = a x + b2 #. = (" a + b <et , then
y = ax + b
pro9ect values
s y = as x 2 '. = %a 4ow,
1 1 a = ( , b = "( ( ( 7ence,
1 1 y = ( x "( ( ( The transformation for the examination paper is Therefore, :nna6s standardised mark for the pro9ect is ).$ b* =elatively, :nna performed better on the pro9ect than in the examination Assessment (Scaling sets of data) 1$ : set of number has a mean of '' and a standard deviation of %$ If ( is added to each number of the set, and each resulting number is then doubled, find the mean and standard deviation of the new set$
'$ : set of values of a variable > has a mean ? and a standard deviation @$ !tate the new value of the mean and of the standard deviation when each of the variables is a* increased by k b* /ultiplied by p$ c* Aalues of a new variable B are obtained by using the formula B - (> 1#$ 3ind the mean and the standard deviation of the set of values of B ($ It is proposed to convert a set of marks whose mean is #' and standard deviation is & to a set of marks with mean %1 and standard deviation ($ The eCuation for the transformation necessary to convert the marks is y - ax 1b, 3ind :* The values of a and b D* The values of the scaled mark which corresponds to a mark of %& in the original data C* The value in the original data if the scaled mark is "8 &$ The marks of five students in a mathematics test were '", (1, (#, &", #.$ :* Calculate the mean marks and the standard deviation D* The marks are scaled so that the mean and standard deviation become #. and '. respectively$ Calculate, to the nearest whole number, the new marks corresponding to the original marks of (1 and #. #$ The mean of the marks scored by candidates in an examination is &#$ These marks are scaled linearly to give a mean of #. and a standard deviation of 1#$ Eiven that the scaled mark of ). corresponds to an original mark of "., calculate a* The standard deviation of the original marks b* The mark which is unchanged by the scaling$ c* Eiven that the greatest and least scaled marks are 8' and ' respectively, calculate the corresponding original marks$ %$ In order to compare the performance of candidates in two schools a test was given$ The mean mark at school : was &#, and the mean mark at school D was (1 with a standard deviation of #$ The marks of school : are scaled so that the mean and standard deviation are the same as school D and a mark of )# at school : becomes %($ 3ind the values of a and b if the transformation used is y - ax 1 b$ 3ind also the original standard deviation of the marks from school :$
