Quality Tools - by - Dr. Doaa Hussein - 4-3-2014
Quality Tools - by - Dr. Doaa Hussein - 4-3-2014
Quality Tools - by - Dr. Doaa Hussein - 4-3-2014
Outline
Using Quality Improvement tools throughout
Effective Outcome
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Effective outcome
Unique Well-crafted Items Solve Problem Situations.
Effective outcome
provide care to individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.
Effective outcome
Solve problems Improve quality
Implement plans.
Monitor results.
Flow Charts
A pictorial representation displaying the actual sequence of steps and their inter-relationships in a specific process
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Flowchart
Identify : Hand-off (Appropriate And Inappropriate), Inefficiencies, Redundancies, Waiting Steps;
Flowchart
Decide whether to : Correct Steps Within The Current Process, Design A New Process Do corrections first, then redesign in the future.
Flowchart
Questioning whether actual process meets
current policy/procedure Analyzing problems to determine causes Redesigning the process as part of the action Designing a new process
No
Connector
A
Type smooth
Sign POD
Make copies
OK ?
Yes
End
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Levels of Flowcharts
MACRO
Start Start
MINI
Turn on computer
MICRO
Draft POD
Type POD
No
Get approval
No
Yes
Edit POD
Distribute POD
End End
Yes
Make corrections
Interpreting a Flowchart
Step 1 - Examine each process step Bottlenecks? Poorly defined steps? Ineffective sequence? Delays? Weak links? Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol Can this step be eliminated? Step 3 - Examine each rework loop Can it be shortened or eliminated? Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol Does the step add value for the end-user?
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Draw Flowchart ?
Getting to Work From: Waking Up to Entering Building.
Level ? Steps? Decisions? Interpretation?
Brainstorming
Create as many ideas as possible in as short a time as possible
Brainstorming
Structured Brainstorming:
Everyone in the group
Unstructured Brainstorming:
Everyone in the group
Establish a time limit for the entire session; Define the subject and direction of the session; Allow time for initial, individual thought; Request ideas according to the predetermined structure; keep circling the issue until all ideas are recorded Clarify all ideas generated to assure accuracy and understanding.
Affinity Diagram
Organize large volumes
Affinity Diagram
"
connection, or similarity of structure; When developing an Affinity Diagram, it is most important to determine the primary issue and major related subgroups in order to grasp the appropriate relationships, links, or connections.
Affinity Diagram
Steps:
Define the primary issue, using neutral, broad language; Brainstorm - use cards or adhesive notes which can be moved and sorted; Display in random fashion all ideas for the team (on a wall or table);
Cont..
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Need to be creative Behavior modifications may take longer than time available
Dont know what customer wants Too busy to learn Want to solve problem before clearly defined
(Header Cards)
Breaking through old way Dinosaur thinking Old management culture Lack of TQL knowledge
Lack of planning
Organizational issues
Lack of planning
Organizational issues
Need to be creative Dont know what customer wants Want to solve problem before clearly defined
Lack of Too many management projects at once understanding of need for it Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Affinity Diagram
Each team member participates in sorting the ideas into major groupings -- in silence and quickly, without discussion and without time for contemplation -- until team consensus is reached; Discuss the major groupings and create a concise title for each grouping; Draw the affinity diagram, based on major groupings, linking all ideas related to each grouping.
Prioritization Matrix
Select one option from a
group of alternatives
It promotes objective
decision making.
Prioritization Matrix
Steps:
Limit the list of options (of problems or
will be rated, stated in either positive or negative terms, but not both;
value) of each criterion; perhaps some are more important Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant to meet than others;
Cont..
Prioritization Matrix
Select a scoring
Point system:
From 5 = Very important
method, e.g.:
to 0 = Unimportant
Yes/No
system: Criteria Met? Y=Yes; N=No Check mark: Box checked if criteria met + or - system:
+
Prioritization Matrix
Determine the desired score, what number of
Environment
Cause-and-effect Diagram
Determine and define the major categories
5ps:
People
Provisions Policies Procedures Place
Manpower
Materials Machines Methods Measurements
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Cause-and-effect Diagram
Brainstorm to identify possible main causes of
Cause-and-effect Diagram
Identify any possible sub causes of main
causes by using the "Five-Why" technique, linking these to the main cause lines;
Evaluate the draft diagram as a team to
Cause-and-effect Diagram
It is very important to study the relative
Start
Agree on the problem statement Process Classification
Dispersion Analysis
No
Yes
Ttiming
Machine (PCIS)
System incorrect Not entered Functions not useful Not used Need more training No trust Not used pending discharge
Discharged patient did not leave Wait for ride Wait for lunch Wait for results Call housekeeping too late Call housekeeping too early Think it will take more time
MD procedures
Hospital procedures
Communication
Information provided courtesy of Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes Medical Center
Pareto
Identify the vital few
Pareto Chart
Bar chart arranged in
Budget Allocation
100 80 60 40 20 0
Code 20 Code 10 Code 50
80
Thousands
important than those on right from the "useful many" (Pareto Principle)
38 27 14 11
Code 30 Code 40
5
Code 60
Start
Select problem to study Is data Yes available? No Barnstorm possible categories Choose categories Select unit of measure
No
Gather new data Create Check Sheet
Interpret results
100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Number of Complaints
Type of Complaint
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant LEGEND: COMPLAINTS RECORDED IN BEQ / BOQ, 1 FEB - 30 APR 95.
Find Solution
Ensure support from formal and
Find Solution
Implement on a Pilot basis Collect Data to check Effectiveness and
Find Solution
Get ready for a wider scale of Implementation. Educate Staff and prepare them for the
upcoming change
Get ready to replicate your experience in other
Gantt Chart
Goal:.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1-
2-
GANTT CHART
Is a graphic displaya type of bar
chartof the individual parts of a quality improvement process as bars on a horizontal time scale.
Is a project-planning tool for developing
schedules;
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant
Action Planning
Action Planning
Once the team selects a solution, an
monitoring the implementation process using a mean of verification that a certain task
has been done (target , KPI).
STORYBOARD
body approval;
Provide visual description of QI/PI activity for training.
Dr.Doaa Hussein QM consultant