1st week

Micro/Nano Optical Engineering

Prof. Seok-min Kim smkim@cau.ac.kr

School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University

Administrative Details
Instructor : Prof. Seok-min Kim Office : Bobst hall #429 E-mail : smkim@cau.ac.kr Tel. : 02-820-5877 Class Meeting Time and Place Thursday 7, 8, 9 ( Room # 234, Bldg. #207) Text book Main : Lecture note (http://nmtl.cau.ac.kr) Sub : 1. Micro/Nano Replications (http://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.nhn?bid=6891416) 2. Optics , Eugene Hecht, Addison Wesley Midterm exam : 45%, Final exam : 45 %, Others : 10% English Spoken Class
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Class schedule
Day 03/04 03/11 03/18 03/25 04/01 04/08 04/15 04/22 Contents
Introduction of Class Introduction of Optics Image Formation Lens maker's formular Lens maker's formular Polarization/Retardation Plate Reflection & Refraction Fresnel Equations No. Class (Interference) Anti-Reflection Coatings HighReflection Coatings Mid Term Vacation

Week Contents 04/29 05/06 05/13 05/20 05/27 06/03 06/10 06/17
Mid Term Exam. Patterning technology for micro/nano optical components (2) Surface treatment technologies for micro/nano molding Micro/nano injection molding Thermal imprinting UV imprinting process Roll imprinting Final Exam.
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Introduction of Micro/Nano Optical Engineering

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Introduction of Optics

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Fermat Principles
Ray - Path along which light travels - Does the light go straight ? The light only goes straight in 1) homogeneous, 2) isotropic 3) uniform medium. Fermat Principles - The path taken between two points ( A, B) by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time (General definition)

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/light/reflect/reflect.html

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What is Reflection ?
Change in direction of a ray at an interface between two different media

Specular reflection Total path

Fermat Principles

Diffuse reflection

Law of reflection

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Mirrors
Planar Mirrors The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual () (meaning that the light rays do not actually come from the image), upright (), and of the same shape and size as the object it is reflecting

mirror

Normal vector Virtual image

a c

b d

a = b, c = d
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Spherical Mirror(1)
(focal point : light rays originating from the focal point becomes a collimating (parallel) ray after reflection)

Spherical Mirrors Focal point is located at the half point of its radius.

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Spherical Mirror(2)
Focal point of spherical mirror

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/geometric/mirror/mirror.html

Spherical Aberration

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/geometric/aberration/aberration.html School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University

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Paraboloidal Mirrors
Paraboloidal Mirrors A circular off-axis portion of a paraboloidal reflector mounted on a base. These mounted reflectors are convenient for a variety of applications in which diffraction-limited performance is not essential. The optical or symmetry axis of the reflector segment does not pass through the reflector segment itself, as shown in the diagram below, but passes by instead in nearby space. The user has unrestricted access to the focal point and a sizable region surrounding it, without shadowing.

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Elliptical Mirrrors
Elliptical Mirrors A front-surface mirror cut in an elliptical shape with an aspect ratio of 1.44:1. It is designed to be mounted at 45 and to deflect a beam by 90. At 45, the mirror appears circular from the direction of the beam.

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Micro Mirrors(1)
Optical Switches

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Micro Mirrors(2)
DMD (Digital Micromirror Devices)

Texas Instrument

Projection TV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlDG3PKTc7s&list=PLEFBB7D7FAE0D61AE

LCD Projector
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Snells Law (1)

Snells Law

n sin n ' sin '

critical angle (n>n)

n' sinC (sinC ' 90o ) n

total internal reflection Note : Law vs. principle - Law : Verified by physical or mathematical methods
- Principle : Can not verified perfectly.

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/light/refract/refract.html School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University

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What is Total Reflection ?

If the light travels from a medium with a higher to one with a lower refractive index and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected.
Air Water

n n

:
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Optical Fibers
n
2

Cladding

n 1
0

a
a

core

2 1/ 2 Acceptance angle : a sin 1 ( n12 n 2 ) c cos 1 ( n 2 / n 1 ) Critical angle :

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Refractive Index & Optical Path

Refractive Index

C V

C : Velocity of light in vacuum, V : velocity of light in medium Optical Path

B A

n ds

optical path for the light going straight (length L) in a medium (RI = n)= nL

http://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2014/nwdesk/articl e/3423514_13490.html 18

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What is Refraction ?
The change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed.

Total time of light traveling from A to C

Fermats principle

Law of refraction (Snells law)

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Young's experiment
1st experiment to show the wave characteristic of light

http://blog.naver.com/ogs6403?Redirect= Log&logNo=40066136302&jumpingVid= D828F0C6AE1ADF901A3098A0F2C124DDF BBE

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Huygenss Principle
Point Source - Elementary infinitesimal region of space which emit light - It has only position, not size. - The wavefronts of light from point source are concentric circle. Wave front () : - A surface passing through all points in the light that have the same travel time. - Usually perpendicular to the direction of ray

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/light/ray/ray.html

Principle of Wave propagation (Huygens' principle) - Every point to which a luminous disturbance reaches becomes a source of a spherical wave, and the sum of these secondary waves determines the form of the wave at any subsequent time ( .)
http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/light/huygens/huygens.html

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HuygensFresnel-Kirchhoff principle
Modified Huygens principle (HuygensFresnel-Kirchhoff principle) - The intensity of light from each point of previous wavefront is a function of - The point at wavefornt generate spherical wave but the intensity is maximized at the normal direction to the wavefront (propagation direction) and opposite direction is 0. - Relative intensity of wave

http://physica.gnu.ac.kr/phtml/optics/light/huygens/huygens.html
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Snells Law (2)

A light wave traveling in a medium with a greater refractive index ( n1> n2) suffers reflection and refraction at the boundary.

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What is Dispersion ?
The refractive index is affected by wavelength of light

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Vacuum Wavelength Range for the Various Colors

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Refractive Index
- The light is slowed in the material due to the interaction between molecules - The refractive index is related to the how much the light is slowed.

Dense is higher then n is higher Wavelength is higher then n is lower

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Definition of optical properties

iv. Abbe constant or Abbe number

v-value (or #) or V-value (or #) Dispersive indices Cauchys equation

simply 27
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Design of Optical Glass

Glass Type (specified by nd, vd) abc( : ) def nd = 1.abc vd = de.f

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Principle of Rainbow

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Prism (chapter 5.5)

Prism . Dispersive device (ex. Spectrum analyze) ( Refractive index is a function of wavelength) . Reorientation or deviation of image . Polarizers or interferometer

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Penta Prism
Prism
Adventage: Effectively increase optical path in small space Disadvantage : After image due to the reflection of surface chromatic aberration

Role of Mirror in optical system

Deviation Folding an optical path Changing Parity

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90deviation Prism

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