4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

9
32
= 2
20 2 5

Pg.8 1

238 2 3 41
=

125
53

73

2 53

49 7 7
= =

28 4 2 2

finito

5
5
=

6 23

finito

27 9 3 2
= =

12 4 4 4

101
101
= 3

120 2 3 5

a)

Pg.8 3

0,343434 34,343434 34,343434 0,343434

=
=
=
1
100
100 1

Pg.8 4

irracional + irracional = racional

finito

c)

peridico

Pg.8 2

b)

finito

finito

17 34

26 52

Pg.9 6

2 3 5
+ =
7 7 7

18 36

26 52

17 26 0,653846

34 35 36
<
<
52 52 52

18 26 0,6923076

2,37011222333344444

Pg.9 7

3,1415926535

e
2,718182

Pg.9 9

2,450123456789

Pg.9 10

1260 =

Pg.9 11

1260 < e5

17
<
26

<

18
26

redondeo

3,14
3,141
3,1415

PorExceso

2,7182

truncamiento

3,14
3,142
3,1416
2,7182

2,45

e 5 5,1
=
0,0196
N
5,1
Es peor tomar 5 en lugar de 5,1 (mayor error relativo)
0,00159

3,1415926535

e = 355 113

5 =

355 113 3,141592920353982

0,0000002668

7
2,67
10

=e

8
8,49
10

Pg.10 12

35
52

0,6677788889999

truncamiento

redondeo

e 1260 1258
=

N
1258

2,36988777666655555

A la centsima
A la milsima
A la diezmilsima
Pg.9 8

34
99

irracional + irracional = irracional

1 12
+
=1
13 13

Pg.8 5

peridico

Marcar segmento (azul) AB = 7

Trazar segmentos (verdes) AM = MN = L
Unir B con N y trazar paralela por M
sta corta a AB en su medio M (azul) AM =
Marcar segmentos consecutivos AM = 3 y MB = 4
Cortar semi-crculo dimetro AB con perpendicular en M
El segmento MN =
es media proporcional de 3 y 4
Marcar segmentos consecutivos AB = 3 y BC = 1
Cortar semi-crculo dimetro AC con perpendicular en B
Prolongar BN = BM con centro B y radio BM MN=
7/2

7/2

12

12

2 3

2 3

1/14

0,00000008493

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.10 13 Marcar segmentos consecutivos AB = 2 y BC = 3

Trazar semi-crculo (inferior) dimetro AC
Perpendicular a ABC en B define BM = 6
Con centro B y radio BM se marca BN 6
Determinar P tal que AP = PB = 1
Trazar semi-crculo dimetro PN = 1 + 6
Perpendicular a ABN en B define BD = 6
Determinar el medio Q de BC BQ =
Resulta
4

3/ 2

6 >3 2

Pg.10 14 Marcar segmentos consecutivos AB = 1 y BC = 7

Trazar semi-crculo (inferior) dimetro AC
Perpendicular a ABC en B define BM = 7
Marcar N tal que BN = BM = 7 AN = 1 + 7
Marcar punto D tal que AD = AB = 1
Trazar semi-crculo (superior) dimetro DN
Perpendicular a DABC en A define AP =
1+ 7

Pg.10 15 Marcar segmentos consecutivos AB = 4 y BC = 2

Trazar semi-crculo (superior) dimetro AC
Perpendicular a ABC en B define BM = 8
Marcar D tal que AD = 3 y DB = 1
Trazar semi-crculo (inferior) dimetro DC
Perpendicular a DBC en B define BN = 2
Resultado MN =
Anlogamente, sobre segmentos 6 y 3 se construye
De otro modo 8 + 2 4 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 3 2
8+ 2

SON IGUALES

18

3 2 9 2 18
2

Pg.11 16 a) Nmeros que distan del 3 menos que 4, o sea, entre 3 4 =

y 3+4 =
(
)
Equivale intervalo abierto
entorno abierto de centro 3 y radio 4
]
b) Entorno cerrado centro 3, radio 7 Intervalo cerrado [ 3 7 3 + 7] [
1

17

4
10

x 3
Pg.11 17 a)
5 x < 7
b)
x<7
x > 8
c)
8>x
d)
7<x
x 9
e)
Incompatibles
x < 3 x 1
f)
[1 )

Pg.11 18

[3 +)
[5 7 )
( 8 7)
( 8)

( 3) +

4 3 1 + 2 5 = 4 2 +3 =

Pg.11 19 Entorno cerrado centro -1, radio 5 Intervalo cerrado [ 1 5 1 + 5]

Pg.11 20 a) [ 4 2 4 + 2]

[2 6]

b) [ 1 3 1 + 3]

2/14

[4 2]

[ 2]

x 2

[6 4]

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.12 21

1,067 10 3 ( 2,1 10 2 10 3 ) 10 3 = (1,067 0,000021) 10 3 =

1,067 10 3 2,1 10 2 =1,067 2,1 10 32 =
(1,067 10 3 ) / ( 2,1 10 2 ) = (1,067 2,1) 10 3+2 = 0,5080952 10 5 =

1,066979 10 3

a +b
a b

2, 2407 10

a b

Pg.12 22 a) ( 4 12) 10 6+2( 3) = (1 3) 10 1 =

b) ( 2 2 3 2 1 5 1 2 8 5 4 ) / ( 2 5 2 2 4( 2 )( 3) ) = 2 16 3 5 =
c) ( 5 2 2 2( 5 ) 5 2( 5 ) 112 ) / (11 3 5 2 2 9 5 9 ) = 2 1 3 1 5 1 11 =
d) ( 2 2( 2 ) 3 22( 2 ) 3 4 ) / ( 2 3 33 2 2 33 2 3( 4 ) 3 4 ) = 2 3 / 36 =

5,080952 10 4

1 30

15 655536

11 30

8 729

Pg.12 23 a) (10 4( 2 ) 3 10 22 ) / (10 1 10 4 10 5 ) = 10 24+4 +14+5 = 10

b) (10 42( 2 ) 10 6 ) / (10 3( 1)( 5 ) 10 3 ) = 1016+615+3 = 10

30

10

Pg.12 24

Decimal
25000000
0,0000043
0,029
0,00438
1300000

Pg.12 25

LibrosVivos.Net

Pg.13 26

n10p
25106
4310-7
2910-3
43810-5
13105

mcm( 2 6 4 ) = 12
5 12 512 / 2 = 12 15625

Pg.13 27

a) 55 1 =
d) No existe
g) 5 32 = 5 2 5

100 12 10012 / 6 = 12 10000

10000 < 10648 < 15625

b)
e)
h)

Pg.13 28 a)

mcm( 4 8 6 ) = 24
8

b)

mcm( 5 2 10 ) = 10

32 > 25 > 20

mcm( 2 3) = 6

Pg.14 31 a)
c)
e)

125 = 5 3 =
10

81 = 4 3 4 =

1000 = 10 =

10 4 =10 1 =1 10 =

c) 6
f))

3
0,1

64 = 6 2 6 =

36 = 6

i) No existe

6 24 6 24 / 6 = 24 6 4 = 24 1296

4 >6 6 >8 8

2 10 210 / 2 = 10 2 5 = 19 32

2 >5 5 >10 20

3 3 5 = 6 36 / 2 6 5 6 / 3 = 6 33 5 2 =

729 = 3 36 = 36 3 = 3 2 =

5 10 510 / 5 = 10 5 2 10 25

Error no existe

Pg.13 29

22 12 2212 / 4 = 12 10648

4 24 4 24 / 4 = 24 4 6 = 24 4096

100 <4 22 < 5

8 24 8 24 / 8 = 24 8 3 = 24 512

4096 > 1296 > 512

Pg.14 30

Cientfica
2,5107
4,310-6
2,910-2
4,3810-3
1,3106

5 5

81 = 10 3 4 = 3 4 10 = 3 2 5 = 5 3 2 =

675

b) 4 1024 = 4 210 = 210 4 = 2 5 2 = 2 5

d) 6 8 = 6 2 3 = 2 3 6 = 21 2 =
f) 12 16525 = 12 5 6 = 5 6 12 = 51 2 =
2

3/14

4 2

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.14 32 A =

B = 10 5 / 5 =

2 5

C =

2 5

D=

10

4 5 =

E=

2 5

A =B =D

Tringulo rectngulo, con hipotenusa

Pg.14 33

AB = 2 5

(3 2 )x = (5 2 )x + 7

Pg.14 34
Pg.14 35

AC = 65

Pg.14 36 a) x 2 3 =
b) 3 2a 2 =
Pg.14 37

21 3 a 2

61+ 3

x1 3

= 26 x 2 3 =

x =

( 20 ) + BC ( 45) AC ( 65)
2

nm

3 + a1 2 =
2

+b

2 1 2

( 3 + a )1 3

3+ a

a + b = (a

=
1 2

3+a

+b 1 2

1 3

am

5 2 2 + 3 2 2 4 2 + 2 4 .2 = 5 2 + 3 2 4 2 + 2 2 2 =

Pg.15 39 a) 3 2 3 4 = 3 2 3 3 = 2 3
b) 6 4 6 3 2 6 2 8 = 6 2 22 2 3 2 3 = 6 210
c) 12 312 4 : 212 3 = 12 33 : 2 4 =
d) (5 2 ) 3 6 = (5 2 )1 2 = 5 21 2 = 51 =

x =

7 2

Cuadrado > Rectngulo

a 2 + b 2 = (a

x1 6

AC

6 2+ 3

64 3 x 2

= a 1 n = a ( 1m ) ( nm ) = a m ( nm ) =

= 9 + 3 + 6 3 = 12 + 6 3 =

(2

x2

AB

3x = 5 x + 7 2 x = 7

S restngulo = 2 6 2 + 3 6 = 6 + 6 3 =
S cuadrado = 3 + 3

Pg.15 38

BC = 3 5

8 2

12

= 6 26 24 = 2 6 2 4 = 2

62

24 2 =

23 4

27 16
5

111

e) ( 41 2 )1 3 1 4 = 4 2 3 4 = 4 24 = ( 2 2 ) 24 = 2 24 = 2 12 =
f) 3 +12 2 3 12 =15 2 36 =15 12 =
1

12

Pg.15 40 a)
b)
c)

2 2 3 4 3 2 3 + 3 5 2 3 = 2 3 12 3 +15 3 =
3 2 2 5 2 4 2 5 32 5 = 6 5 8 5 3 5 =

5 3
5

3 2
4 2 + 5 3 2 2 2 6 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 = 6 2 + 15 2 8 2 12 2 2 =
2

Pg.15 41 a) 2 3 3 53 = 2 5 2 3 5 =
b) 3 600 = 3 2 3 32 5 2 = 2 3 15 2
c) 4 2 3 4 5 = 3 4 2 5 = 3 10

10

30

2 3 225

Pg.15 42 a)

a2 =

[ 3 (1 + 6 )]
(

b2 = 3 6

) (

= 31+ 6 + 2 6 = 3 7 + 2 6 =
= 9 +6 6 6 =

15
6

hipotenusa = a 2 + b 2 = 36 =

a 2 + b 2 = 21 + 6 6 + 15 6 6 =

b)

21 +6

36

Pg.15 43 a) ( 2 2 3 35 2 ) : (39 4 2 3 4 ) = 2 2 33 4 35 29 4 = 2 1 12 31 4 = 2 1 12 33 12
b) ( x ) : ( x ) = ( x ) : ( x ) = x : x =12 x 87 = x
3

12

12

2 12 3

12

12

4/14

12

= 12 33 2 1 =

12

27 2

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.15 44

Pg.16 45

LibrosVivos.Net

60
4

200
3

Pg.16 46 a)
b)
c)
d)
Pg.16 47 a)
b)

10

Pg.16 49 a)

10

5 5
3

5 10
4

10 10
3

7+ 5

)(

)(

23 5 + 23

)(
3) (

3 2

6+ 3

6+

4 2

23

31

5 10
4

10

(3 + 2 )(3 2 )
6+ 3
63

25

2 3

51+ 2

b) (1

)(

25

2 1+ 2

2 3 33
2 3
3

7 3 2
9 2

5 3 2

5 + 23

7 7 3 2

) (1 + 2 )(1 2 )

3 3 22 =

c) x 6 = 64 2 6

x =2

d)

( )

log 2 2 5

Pg.17 52

13

NoExiste

= log 2 2 5 3 =

5 3

x + x2 y2
y

8 +2

1
1
1
=
=3
23
3 2
5
25
5

0,15

0,342

1
x
2
=42 =2
2

log 2 2 =

9
+3 2
2

5 +5 2 +3 3 2 8 + 2 2
=
=
12
1

b) 5 2 3 = x x =

21
7

1,44 1,59

3 3 4

x =4

log 2 ( 4) =

6 + 3+ 2 63 9 + 6 2
=
=
2
2

12
2

7 + 5

23 5

10
2

Pg.17 50 a) 3 x = 81 3 4

Pg.17 51

6 4 50

2 2 3 3+ 4 3 6 2 2 3
=
=
23
23

) = x + y +x y +2 x y
( x + y) ( x y)
x y)

31 2

7+ 5
=
2

7 3 2

23

2 5 + 23
2 5 + 23
=
=
25 23
2

x+y +

5 10
=
10

x+y

2 3
3

7+ 5
4
=
7 5

x+y + xy

60 4 50
=
25

2 3 25

)(
x y )(

33 32 212 3 22

x+y + xy

2 5
4

10 3 25
=
5

)=(
3)

6+ 3

60 4 2 25

2 6

331

43

7+ 5

2 5 + 23

4 3

3+ 2 3 2

3 2

7 3 2

(
(

2 3 2
2

7 5

(5

31

3 2
3

10 3 25

=
3

3 6
=
6

43

2 5 2
3

10 3 5 31

2 3
3

6 6

(
a)
(
b)

60 4 2 43 5 4 2

3 6

c)
Pg.16 48

2 5
3

6
3

60

( )
2 ) = log ( 2 ) =

log 2 2 3 =

log 2 2 3 2 4

x =
2

12

( )

log 2 210 =

12

100 < 450 < 1000 log 100 < log 450 < log 1000 2 < log 450 < 3 log 450 2,
10 < 37 < 100 log 10 < log 37 < log 100 1 < log 37 < 2 log 37 1,

3 2 < 10 < 33 2 < log 3 10 < 3

log 3 10 =2,

5/14

10

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

5 2 < 75 < 53 2 < log 5 75 < 3 log 75 2,

1 1 1
1
1
< < 2 2 < < 2 1 2 < log 2 < 1
4 3 2
3
3
5

Pg.17 53 a)
c)
e)

( )

log 10 6 = 10 x

b)

x =6

1
7 x = 7 2
49

log A = ( log B + log C ) ( x D )

Pg.19 55

log( m ) = log 10 b log( n ) log( m ) = log

x =D +

log ( 8 10 ) = log 8 + log 10 = 0,903 + 1 =

x =
0,001

log A
log B +log C

10 b
n

( )

m=

10 b
n

1,903

log( 8 10 ) = log 8 log 10 = 0,903 1 =

0,097

( )

log 8
0,903
log( 2 ) =
log(2) =0,301
3
3
5
10
d) log 4 = log 8 = log(10 ) log( 8) = 1 0.903 =


2
e) log 8 = 2 log 80 = 2 0,903 =
1
0,903 + 2 2,903
13
=
=
f) log ( 8 100 ) = 3 [ log( 8) + log(100 ) ] =
3
3

c)

x =2

x =32

f) 10 3 = x

x =
2

Pg.19 54

Pg.19 56 a)
b)

1
= 0,5
x

x 1 = 0,5

d) 2 5 = x

NoExiste

7x =

1
log 2 1,
3

log( 2) = log 3 8 =

0,097

Pg.19 57

( )

1,806

23 2 4
log A = log 2 3 log 3 2 + log 2 4 = log
2
3

( )

( )

Pg.19 58

( )

128
= log

x log 3 = log 7

Pg.19 60

5 x = 10 6

Pg.19 61 x 2 log

Pg.19 62 x b m

Pg.19 63 a)

x=

A=

128
9

log x = log a 3 b log 100 3 c =

1
1
= 3 log a + log b log 100 log c =
2
3

Pg.19 59

0,968

1
1
log b 2 log c
2
3

log 7 0,8451
=
log 3 0,4771

x log 5 = 6 log 10

x=

x =
1.7712

log 5

x =
8,584

log 2 ( x ) [ log 2 ( 7 ) ] log 2 2 log 2 ( x ) log 2 ( 7 )

y =bn

x bm
= n = b m n
y b

q p q q q q q (p veces)
1
log B log A 1
2

log b ( x y )
log (q p )

b)

6/14

m n =

x =7

log b ( x ) log b ( y )

= log q + log q + + log q =

3 log B

1
log A 2 log A
2

p log q

3 log B

5
log A
2

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.19 64

a)

Pg.19 65

log A log B
log(1 + C )

x=

b)

x=

log B

log A

x=

log B
2 log A

log 2 A = C 2 C = A

Y =C 3
Z 2 log 2 A log 2 Z = ( log 2 A) log 2 2 Z = A
T log 2 (1 A) T = log 2 1 log 2 A = 0 C log

Y log 8 A 8Y = A 33Y = A 2 C

Pg.19 66

log 8 A =C 3

2 log 2 A = 2 C
2

(1

A) =
C

log a log b + log b log c + log c log d + log a + log y log d log x =

Pg.19 67

LibrosVivos.Net

Pg.20 68

2C = C (1 + 0,03)

Pg.20 69

10000 = C (1 + 0,05)

n=

log 2
0,3010

log1,03 0,0128

C=

10000

1,05

a2 y
log 2
d x

23, 45

9523,81

Pg.20 70

1,06 6 1,06
0,3585
1000 1,06 + 1,06 + 1,06 + 1,06 + 1,06 = 1000
1000

1,06 1
0,06

Pg.20 71

2C = C (1 + r )

R = 100 r

Pg.20 72

15

log 2 = 15 log(1 + r )

R = 100 0,02 = 2

1,25C = C (1 + 0,05)

log(1 + r ) =

log 1,25 = n log 1,05

30

Pg.22 74

a) Exacta

Pg.22 75

3 5

b) Peridica pura

n=

log 1,25 0,097

log1,05 0,021

c) Peridica mixta

d) Peridica mixta

Real, Racional, Fraccionario, Decimal exacto, Positivo

Real, Irracional, Radical, Exponencial fraccionario, Negativo
Real, Racional, Fraccionario, Peridica pura, Positivo
Real, Irracional, No finito, No peridico, Positivo
Real, Racional, Entero, Negativo
Real Racional, Fraccionario, Peridico mixto, Positivo

2,010010001

0,26

Pg.22 76 a) Racional
b) Irracional
c) Irracional
d) Racional

Fraccin decimal peridica mixta (perodo = 72)

Decimal no finito, ni peridico
Decimal no finito, ni peridico
Fraccin decimal peridica mixta (perodo = 1267)
7/14

4,57

201,2 10 6

1, 2525

0,02

2%

20 10 6 ( 1 + 0,08) 20 10 6 10,06

Pg.20 73

log 2 0,301

15
15

5975

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.22 77 a) Falsa. La raz de ndice impar, de un negativo, es real y negativa

b) Falsa. Hay nmeros decimales irracionales, ni finitos ni peridicos
c) Falsa. Por ejemplo, la fraccin 1 63 0,01587301873 es peridica pura
d) Verdadera
e) Falsa. El intervalo ( 5 2) no contiene el 1
f) Falsa. El decimal, ni finito ni peridico, es irracional y no puede ser una fraccin
Pg.22 78

Cadena

entero natural racional real

Q
R

N
Z
Q
R

1 7

Pg.22 79 No. Porque todos son nmeros irracionales

Pg.22 80

E = 4,1592 4,167 =

= 0.0008 4,1592 =

0,0008

Pg.22 81 Sin otra condicin, hay infinitos

Pg.22 82

a) 1 6 < 0, ,166667
c) 1,333334 > 4 3

Pg.22 83

4,86( m )

Pg.22 84
Pg.22 85
Pg.22 86

a1 = 1 +1 1! =

a6 = a5 + 1 6!

[1, 4
1,5]

[1,41
1, 42 ]

[1, 414
1, 415]

3,141592

b)

1,61

a3 = a 2 + 1 3!

2,5

a5 = a 4 + 1 5!

2,708333

2,718055

Con el trmino

5.1872469

5,1872465

49(dm )

a 2 = a1 + 1 2! =

0,0192%

1,92 10

Nmero ureo = (1 + 5 ) / 2 1,61805599

a) No. Porque contiene una raz cuadrada irreducible

a 4 = a3 + 1 4!

Pg.22 87

5,1872461

z= 5

b) 1,732051 > 3
d) 3 5 > 1,709976
5( m )

2 +1 1,4142

y = 2 r

x =2 2

2,666666

2,716666

e = 2,71828 2,718055 0,00023 < 0,001

a6 =
1+
1 1! +
1 2! +
1 3! +
1 4! +
1 5! +
1 6!

2 5

4,472136

2 3

0,666666

223 50

= 4,46

3,15

0,666666

Ordenacin

3,15

<

3,141592

<

0,666666

0,666666

<

4,46

4,472136

Ordenacin creciente

3,15

<

<

Representacin grfica
Pg.22 88 a) A izquierda y derecha del cero (0)
1) Marcar segmentos OA=4 y OB=5
2) Trazar semicrculo dimetro AB
3) Corte M con perpendicular en O a AB
4,47
4) Marcar OD =
b) Anlogamente, a la izquierda del cero (0)
Marcar OC=1 y semicrculo sobre CD
Perpendicular en O y corte punto N
2,11
Marcar OE =
OM = 20

ON =

20

8/14

2 3

0, 6

<

223 50

<

2 5

<

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.22 89

a) 5

b) 5 8

[1 +)
( 2 0]
( 3)
[4 8]

Pg.22 90

a)
b)
c)
d)

Pg.22 91

(3 6]

c) 9 +10

d) 18 2 =

19

16

1 x < +
2< x 0
< x <3
4 x 8
3 <x 6

[ 12]
( 0 4)
( 2 +)

1 x 2
0 <x <4

2 < x < +

E [ 1 2] [ 1 2 1 + 2] [ ]
b) Verdadera, porque E [ 0 1] [ 0 1 0 + 1] [ ]
c) No verdadera, porque E[ 2 3] [ 2 3 2 + 3] [5 1] [ 5 0]
d) No verdadera, porque E [ 4 2] [ 4 2 4 + 2] [ 2 6] [3 5]

Pg.22 92 a) Verdadera, porque

1 3

1
1

radio =
Pg.22 93 a) E ( 2 4 ) centro =
( 2 4 2 + 4) ( )
radio =
b) E [ 1 3] centro =
[ 1 3 1 + 3] [ ]
c) E ( 3 1) centro = 3 radio = 1 ( 3 1 3 + 1) ( )
2

2 6

2 <x <6

4 2

2 4

( 2]

Pg.23 94

4 x 2

2 < x <4

<x
2

[6 +)
Nmeros enteros, a la vez en ambas semi-rectas
6 x <+

Pg.23 95 El del

centro =

E [3 2]

radio =

[ 3 2 3 + 2]

[1 5]

1 x 5

Pg.23 96 Intervalo = [ 2 5] 2 x 5
Semi-recta = [3 +) 3 x < +
Pg.23 97 a)
b)
Pg.23 98

8=

125 =

23

1 625 =

243 =

53

1 243 =

5 4

1024 =

35

1 256 =

7 3

a)
b)
c)
El c) tiene un orden de magnitud superior
10
3,69 10

5,18 1012

Pg.23 99 a) 4 3+ 2( 1) = 4 0 =
Pg.23 100 a) k = (1 2) 3

18

b) k = ( 2) 5

Pg.23 101 a) 3 12 312 = 12 531441

2 20 2 20 2 = 20 1024

3125 > 1024 > 625

32

5 >

2 > 5 12

9/14

74

1 32 =

3 4

( 7) = ( 7)
3

k =3

26 12 2612 3 = 12 456976

10 >3 >3 26
5

2 5

12
3,51 10

c) 5 3+4 = 51 =

c) 343 = ( 7 ) k

5 20 5 20 4 = 20 3125
4

d)

8,35 1014

10 12 1012 2 = 12 1000000

1000000 > 531441 > 456976

b)

1 81 =

2 8

b) 3 3+4 2 66 = 2 0 31 =

2401 =

210

12 20 5 20 5 = 20 625

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

a) (5 2 ) = 53 =
0 , 25
c) ( 2 4 ) = 21 =

Pg.23 102
Pg.23 103

32

b)
d)

125

( )
(3 )

23

= 72 =

3 13

= 31 =

73

49
3

14,70
a) 2 3 33 = 6 3 = 6 2 6 =
b) 15 ( 2 2 )15 3 ( 2 3 3 2 )15 5 = 15 219 36 = 15 215 2 4 36 = 2 11664 3,373
c) 3 2 9 : ( 2 3 5 2 ) = 3 2 93 5 2 = 3 2 6 5 2 = 2 2 3 5 2 = 4 (5 ) 1,37
d) 4 (37 ) : (33 2 2 ) 4 2 = 4 2 4 313 = 4 2 4 312 3 = 2 33 4 3 = 54 3 71,07
1,07
e) 6 ( 2 2 3) 6 2 : ( 2 5 ) 6 3 : 2 = 6 2 610+1 33 = 6 2 3 33 =
6 6

15

2 3

f)

12

(2 ) (2 ) : (2 )
1 12 2

3 12 4

2 12 3

g) 12 2 3 = 2 3 12 = 31 4 =
h) 24 2 6 = 2 6 24 = 21 4 =
2
i) 6 2 6 = ( 2) 2 =

[ ]

= 12 2 6+ 9 8 = 12 2 5 =

1,32

1,19

12

3 2

0,75

1 32

20,12
Pg.23 104 a) 2( 2 2 5)1 2 + 3(32 5)1 2 ( 2 4 5)1 2 = 51 2 ( 4 + 9 4) =
1
3
1
3
1
3
b) 4( 2 4 ) + 5( 2 33 ) 2( 2 5 3 ) = 21 3 ( 8 + 15 10) = 13 5 29,07
c) 3(3 4 )1 3 + ( 2 3 3)1 3 5(3 53 )1 3 = 31 3 ( 9 + 2 25) = 13 3 18,75
d) (33 )1 2 2( 2 5 )1 2 + ( 2 2 3 2 5)1 2 = 3 3 8 2 +6 5 7,30
9 5

Pg.23 105
Pg.23 106 a)
b)
c)
d)
Pg.23 107

= 21 2 =

2 0,5

) (

31 2 31 4 : 31 3
12

12

( )

( 2 5) ( 2 7 ) 3 4
3

a =5

a)

b)

1
4

+ 2 23 32

12

4
4

1125

( )

4 23

12

23 52

2
4

6 2

= 6 3 43 2 6 =

= 21 2 (15 + 12 8 10 ) =

12

d =3

2
2

(1 + 2 )(1 + 2 ) = 3 + 2 2 =
(1 2 )(1 + 2 ) 1 2
2( 2 + 3)
2+ 6
d) ( 2 3 )( 2 + 3 ) = 2 3 =
c)

: ( 2 2 3)

= 2 3 6 = 21 2 =

1,80

2 7 3
2 7 3
=
=
7 3

3+ 7
7

63

3 16

0,60

3 / 64

c =2

2 2
3

(2 )

2 2+ 3 3 24 5 2 7 3 = 2 a 3b 5 c 7 d

b =24

12

81 6

= 33 42 3 = 31 12 = 6 (3 2 )

= 6 3 2 6 =
1,10

3 2 52

12 512 4 312 6 = 12 5 3 3 2 =

Pg.23 108

10/14

7 3
2

2 + 6

3 +2

9 2

12,73

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.23 109 a) log 2 ( 2 5 )

5
d) log1 2 (1 2)
13
g) log 3 (35 )
j) log10 (10 3 )

b) log 2 ( 2 4 )
c) log 2 ( 2 3 )
e) log 3 ( 36 )
f) log 3 ( 3 4 )
3
h) log1 3 (1 3)
i) log10 (10 6 )
15
5 3
k) log10 (10 2 )
l) log1 10 (1 10)
4

Pg.23 112

2 5

b) x 3 = 2

x =5

x 8 =

a) log 2 8 =

Pg.23 111

( 2)

x =

d) 27 1 3 = x

b)

a) x 4 = 16 2 4 (1 2) 4
c) 11x = 1331 = 113

log 3

a)
b)

c)

5 3

x =3 1 2

x = 3 1 27

=4

81

log 8 10 2 = log 8 + 2 0.9031 + 2

( )

x3 =1 2

log

b) (1 7 ) 3 = x x = 7 3
d) x = 5 ( 5 )

x =
1 2

x =3

Pg.23 113

5 3

Pg.23 110 a) x 3 = 53
c) x 8 = 2 4

x =
1 3

125 = 3

x =343

x = 5

2,9031

log 3 8 = ( 1 3) log 8 ( 1 3) 0,9031

0,3010

c) log( 0,8) 2 = 2 log(8 10) = 2 [log 8 log 10] = 2[0,9031 1] =

d) log( 80 2) = log 80 log 2 = log 8 + log10 log 2 = 0,9031 +1 0,3010 =
e) log(10 2) = log10 log 2 = 1 0,3010 =
f) (1 5) log 8 (1 5) 0,9031 =

0,1938

1,6021

0,6990

0,1806

x = ( log14) / ( log 2) 1,1461 0,3010

b) y = log 32 3 = 32 y = ( log 32) / ( log 3) 1,5051 0,4771
c) z = log 12 (1 2) =12 z = ( log 12 ) ( log 1 2 ) 1,0792 0,3010
d) t = log 10 5 = 10 t = ( log10) / ( log 5) 1 0,6990

Pg.23 114 a)

x = log 2 14 2 x = 14

3,81

3,15

12

1, 43

2 log x + log y ( 2 0,70) + 1,18 1,14 + 1,18

b) 3 log x 2 log y ( 3 0,70) ( 2 1,18) 2,10 2,36

Pg.23 115 a)
c)
Pg.24 116 a)
b)
c)

3,58

2,32

0, 26

[ ( 1 2) log x] + [ ( 2 3) log y ] ( 1 2) 0,70 + ( 2 3)1,18 0,35 + 0,7867

log A =

2 log x +
3 log y +
5 log z
4 log t

log B =

(1

log C =

log 1100 +
3 log x +
log y
2 log t

1,1337

2 )log x +
log y +
2 log z
1
3 log t

Pg.24 117 a) log(16 12 : 3) log 64 log(2

b) log[18 : ( 27 2) ] log(1 3)
c) log( 25 4 9 : 8) log( 900 / 8)

6 log 2

log 3

Pg.24 118 a)
b)

log A =

log ( x 3 y 2 : z 5 )

log B =

log x 3 2 y : z 2 3 100

Pg.24 119 (1 3) log10 =

( )

2 x = 2 2

1 3

log (225 / 2 )

A =x 3 y 2 / z 5

)]

B =

x=

x3 y

) (100

(1 2 ) ln e =

1 2

log 2 (1 / 4 )

>

ln 1 / e

log

4
3

11/14

>

log 3 10

z2

1 2

( 3) x 2

= ( 3)

14

x =

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.24 120

MayoraEdad = 18aos C = 20000(1 + 0,10 ) 18 20000 5,56 =

Pg.24 121

50000(1 + r )15 = 182124

Pg.24 122

3 = 1 (1 + 0,04 )

r=

log 182124
1 = 0,075
15 log 50000

111200

i = 7,5%

n = ( log 3) ( log 1,04 ) 0,4771 0,0170 28,01

n =28(aos )

Pg.24 123 Este debe ser un problema para Mafalda

Pg.24 124

N = reaSuelo / reaBaldosa = ( 6 2 ) / ( 0,20 0,30 ) = 600 1884,96

= L / 2r 43,988 / 14 =

Pg.24 125
Pg.24 126

Pg.24 127

= 3,1415926535

3,142

defecto

exceso

3,141

e = 3,141 3,14159265 =

3,142

e = 3,142 3,14159265 = 0,00040735

= e /
= e /

0,00059265

Un 20% ms cerca

5,38516480

e1 = 5,385 5,3851648

redondeo

3,142

3,141

h = 2 2 + 5 2 = 29

1885

5,385

3,142

1,89 10

4
1,30 10

. En efecto

e2 = 5,386 5,3851648

0,0001648

0,0008352

1 =

0,0001648

5,38851648

e1 / e2 19,73%

2 =

3,06 10

4
1,55 10

20%

0,7 0,17
1,06
2 1012 = 2 1012 =
100
10

Pg.24 128

0,0008352

5,3851648

1,06 1010

(10.600.000.000)

Pg.24 129 Los 2 cuadrados (rojo y verde) son iguales y recprocamente igual dispuestos
El lado superior del verde est sobre la diagonal (no completa) del rojo
Esta diagonal del rojo y la trazada en el verde se superponen por rotacin de 45
Los pequeos tringulos blancos, formados por ellas, son iguales entre s
Los lados secantes, del cuadrado, se cortan en su punto medio
El tringulo blanco es semejante, con razn 1 2 , al de las semi-diagonales
rea tringulo semi-diagonales y lado = (1 4) 12 =
rea tringulo blanco = (1 4) [1 2] 2 =
rea sombreada = 2 (1 4) (1 16 ) =1 2 1 16 =
1 4

1 16

7 16

Pg.24 130

V=

4
4
r 3 14,139 = 3,142 r 3
3
3

r =3

3 14,139
=
4 3,142

1,5

Pg.24 131 a) Slo hay dos puntos 2 3 =

y 2 +3 =
b) Intervalo abierto ( 2 1 2 +1) = ( 3 1)
c) Intervalos abiertos x < 2 2 x > 2 + 2
d) Intervalo cerrado [ 2 3 2 + 3] = [5 1]
e) Intervalos semi-cerrados x 2 2 x 2 + 2
f) Intervalos abiertos > 2 x < 2 2 x < 4 x > 2 + 2 x > 0
<5 x > 2 5 x > 7 x < 2 + 5 x < 3
5

3 <x <
1

<x <
4

0 <x <+

5 x
1

<x
2

7 <x <
4

12/14

0 x <+

0 < x <3

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

1
1
812
812
8 2 30 2 6
30
30
30

=
=
=
=
=
410 30 215
410 215
810 2 5
25
25

Pg.24 132 30 812 30

2
5

8 .4

1
3

1
2

6
5

= 2 2

2
3

1
2

=2

36 20 15
30

Pg.24 133 a) S, es cierta b) No es cierta

1,10(1 + 0,04 )

Pg.24 134

Pg.25 135 a) 1.2.-

30

2 30

c) No es cierta d) S, es cierta e) No es cierta

1,3383

1,1 1,04 5

1,1 1,04 n

M = log15 + 3 log( 8 8) 2,92 =

3,7

3,67

log A = 4 + 2,92 3 log( 8 15) = 0,6825

t
8
15
71

1
2
3

5
(
)
3
log
8
t
=
7
+
2
,
92
l 0 g 45 = 8,2668
3. 8t = 56963
71
A =4,8

1,34

A
15
5
45

M
3,7
4
7

t =
71, 2

b)

log A6 = 6 + 2,92 3 log(8t )

log A9 = 9 + 2,92 3 log(8t )

log( A9 A6 ) = 3

C (1 + 0,1) = 2C (1 + 0,06 )

Pg.25 138

a k

D = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = k 2 + ( k + 1) + k 2 ( k + 1)

Pg.25 139

Pg.25 141

=1012

n=

I=

30

W / m2

log 2
18,71
log 1,1 log 1,06

n =
19(aos )

(
)

Nunca es entero. La raz de un cuadrado perfecto ms 1 nunca es exacta

Nunca es entero impar
Nunca es entero, par o impar
Siempre es irracional

x + 2 = 2( 2 x )
2 3 +6 =

Pg.25 140

9 = 10 log(10 9 10 12 ) = 10 3 =

60

c = a b k ( k + 1)

b = a + a k +1
2

a)
b)
c)
d)

log A9 log A6 = 3

A6 =1000

A9

Pg.25 136 a) 6 = 10 log(10 6 10 12 ) = 10 6 =

b) 120 = 10 log( I 10 12 ) I 10 12
Pg.25 137

1
<2
x

x>

D =k 1 + k +
1

x + 2 = 2( x 2 )

x=2 3

Opcin d)

20 3

1
> 3
x

1
2

x<

log 2 ( a b ) 6 a b 2 6

1
3

x =6

Opcin a)

a b 64

A producto constante, de dos nmeros, su suma es mnima cuando son iguales

a =b a = b = 8 a +b =
Opcin d)
16

Pg.25 142

3 2 2

3 +2 2 2 + 1

Pg.25 143

A 2 = 6 + 2 / 16

3 2 2 = x + y 2

3 2 2
<1

A2 < 1 A B

2 1

xy

x + y = 3 xy = 2

3 + 2 2 3 2 2 =

x = 2 y =1
Opcin a)
2

B 2 = 2 + 3 / 4 = 8 + 4 3 / 16 B 2 A 2 = 2 + 4 3 2

A2 < B 2

A<B

13/14

Opcin c)

>0

4 ESO - MATEMTICAS - UNIDAD 1 (Nmeros reales)

Pg.25 1
Pg.25 2

5 3

13

Pg.25 3

A + B = 4,1743

A B = 0,6015

4,174

0,602

Por origen se traza semi-recta cualquiera

Marcar 3 segmentos sucesivos iguales
Unir extremo exterior con 5
Paralela a sta define en recta el 5 3
Trazar semi-crculo dimetro ( 113)
Corte M con perpendicular en cero (0)
El tramo OM = 13

EntornoAbierto(centro = 2 radio = 3
IntervaloAbierto = ( 2 3 2 + 3)

E ( 2 3)

(15)

Desigualdades

1 <x <5

Pg.25 4

18,91734 1018 4 + 0,72 1014 = 19,637834 1014 =

Pg.25 5

a)
c)

Pg.25 6

4 32 4 2 =

11
4
2 3

2
3

2 =2 =

Pg.25 8

a)

4
2 2

1,59

d)

15 2 5 : 15 33 =

15

32 27

35 3 2 2 3 + 33 3 =

1,01
20

34,64

a) 3 41, 25 = 35 =
c) 321,5 = 33 =

Pg.25 7

b)

2,06

18

1,96 1015

b) 2 3 3 = 2 2 =
4
d) 53 3 = 5 4 =

243

27

4 2
=
22

b)

3
3

12 2

12 12
3

2 4 32
=
12

625

18
6

c)

a) 5 =10 2 log 5 = log 10 log 2 = 1 0,301

b) 20 = 2 10 log 20 = log 2 + log10 = 0,301 +1 =
c) 16 = 2 4 log 16 = 4 log 2 = 4 0,301 =
d) log 5 2 = x 5 x = 2 x = ( log 2) ( log 5) = 0,301 0,699 =
0,699

1,301

1, 206

Pg.25 9

log A = 3 log x +

Pg.25 10

a = x1 5 y 2 9 : z 8 =

2 log y
3
+ log z 2 log t
7
4

x 9 y2
z8

14/14

0, 431

7 3
=
7 3

7 3
4