The document discusses various types of surfactants used in latex polymerization including alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, phosphated esters, alcohol ethoxylates, nonionic substituted phenol derivatives, and anionic substituted phenol derivatives.
The different types of surfactants discussed include alkyl sulfates and sulphonates, alkyl ether sulfates, phosphated esters, alcohol ethoxylates, nonionic substituted phenol derivatives, and anionic substituted phenol derivatives.
Some properties of surfactants mentioned include hydrophobe, ethoxylate (EO) moles, ionic character, solid percentage, and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB).
SURFACTANTS
ALKYL SULPHATES AND SULPHONATES
Denomination Hydrophobe EO moles Ionic character Solid % (approx) Salt Remarks and Applications Type of latex Amepon UB/E-28 C12-C16 - A 28 Na Lower solid, lower pour point grade. Geropon ACR/4 Monoalkyl (Fatty Alcohol) 3 A 30 Na Primary emulsifier to be used in combination with non-ionic FA Geropon ACR/9 Monoalkyl (NP) 9 A 29 Na Primary emulsifier to be used in combination with non-ionic FA Geropon CYA/60 Dialkyl (C8) - A 60 Na Highly effective sulfosuccinate wetting agent (solvent: IBA) FA Geropon CYA/75 Dialkyl (C8) - A 75 Na Highly effective sulfosuccinate wetting agent (solvent: EtOH) Geropon DOS Dialkyl (C8) - A 68 Na Highly effective sulfosuccinate wetting agent (solvent: IPA) Geropon T/36 DF Olefin - A 25 Na Dispersant for suspension polymerisation to use in solvent stripping phase (toluene/cyclohexane) when shifting from solvent to aqueous dispersion avoiding agglomerations. SBR Geropon BIS SODICO 2 Dialkyl (C13) - A 60 Na Highly effective in PVC polymerization PVC Rhodacal A/246 L Alpha-olefin - A 40 Na Effective surfactant for pure acrylic latexes. FA Rhodacal DS/10 E Branched Dodecylbenzene - A 98 Na Solid surfactant in powder form. VeoVa/VAc VAc PVA Rhodacal DS/4 E-25 Linear Dodecylbenzene - A 25 Na High performing surfactant for vinyl latexes. Veova/VAc VAc PVA Rhodacal DS/4 E-30 Linear Dodecylbenzene - A 30 Na High performing surfactant for vinyl latexes. VeoVa/VAc VAc PVA ALKYL ETHER SULFATES Denomination Hydrophobe EO moles Ionic character Solid % (approx) Salt Remarks and Applications Type of latex Abex 18 S C12-C16 50 A 35 Na Emulsifier especially effective in polymerisation of vinyl or soft pure acrylic latexes. FA VAc PVA Abex 26 S Proprietary - A 35 Na High surface tension = 40 dynes/cm FA SA VAc Abex EP 110 NP 9 A 30 NH4 Provide good chemical and mechanical stability + good electrolyte compatibility. SA PVA Abex EP 120 NP 30 A 30 NH4 Provide good chemical and mechanical stability + good electrolyte compatibility. SA PVA Abex JKB C12-C16 12 A 30 NH4 Highly versatile surfactant used as sole emulsifier in latexes of particle size 100 - 150 nm. FA SA Abex LIV 30 NP 5 A 30 NH5 Provide good chemical and mechanical stability + good electrolyte compatibility. FA SA PVA Rhodapex AB/20 C12-C15 9 A 29 NH4 Highly versatile surfactant used as sole emulsifier for particle size 100 - 150 nm. Appropriate for PSA formulations. FA SA Rhodapex CO 436 E NP 4 A 28 NH4 Highly versatile surfactant used as sole emulsifier for particle size 100 - 150 nm. Appropriate for PSA formulations. FA SA Rhodapex LA 40 S C12-C16 4 A 31 Na Versatile emulsifier designed for particle size control in the range 100-150 nm. Usually combined with nonionic FA SA Rhodapex TR 2030 S iC13 20 A 30 Na Emulsifier effective as APE SA Rhodapex TR 2030 S iC13 20 A 30 Na Emulsifier effective as APE replacement in latexes of particle size 150 - 200 nm. Provides outstanding latex stability. SA PHOSPHATED ESTERS Denomination Hydrophobe EO moles Ionic character Solid % (approx) Salt Remarks and Applications Type of latex Rhodafac RA-600E C8-C10 4 A 100 Acid Emulsifier for polymerization of most monomer systems. Generally effective in PSA formulations. FA SA VAc Rhodafac RE-610E NP 9 A 100 Acid Aromatic phosphate ester, general purpose emulsifier. FA SA VAc Rhodafac RS-410 iC13 4 A 100 Acid Emulsifier for polymerization of most monomer systems when high calcium stability is required. FA SA VAc Rhodafac RS-610E iC13 6 A 100 Acid Emulsifier for polymerization of most monomer systems when high calcium stability is required. FA SA VAc Rhodafac RS-710E iC13 10 A 100 Acid Emulsifier for polymerization of most monomer systems when high calcium stability is required. FA SA VAc Rhodafac RS-710E-30 iC13 10 A 30 Acid Diluted version of Rhodafac RS-710E. FA SA VAc ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED Denomination Hydrophobe HLB Ionic character Solid % (approx) Remarks and Applications Type of latex Abex 2545 Proprietary 18.3 N 50 Proprietary emulsifier with high HLB to achieve high chemical stability. Commonly post added. Gen Alkamuls S/20 Sorbitan Monolaurate 8.6 N 100 Non ethoxylated emulsifier for inverse emulsion systems Alkamuls S/80 Sorbitan Monoleate 4.3 N 100 Non ethoxylated emulsifier for inverse emulsion systems Alkamuls T/20 Sorbitan Monolaurate 16.7 N 100 Ethoxylated version of S/20 Alkamuls T/80 Sorbitan Monoleato 15.0 N 100 Ethoxylated version of S/80 Antarox FM/33 Fatty Alcohol EO/PO - N 100 Block copolymer used as wetting agent due to its fast migration to interfaces Antarox MPL/46A Fatty Alcohol EO/PO - N 46 Block copolymer absorbed on Silica; in powder form. Wetting agent Rhodasurf 3065 Proprietary 16.5 N 65 Versatile emulsifier with best performances when used in combination with low EO sulfated surfactants. FA SA Rhodasurf 870/H-20 iC13 14.0 N 80 Cost-effective surfactant used as a nonionic co-emulsifier in polymerization or post added to increase stability Gen Rhodasurf CET 20 C16-C18 16.2 N 100 Linear, eco-friendly and multipurpose surfactant for emulsion polymerisation. In flakes form Gen Rhodasurf LA 30 C12-C16 8.0 N 100 Oil soluble co-emulsifier, visco- depressant for PVC paste with low impact on thermal stability PVC Rhodasurf LA 40 C12-C16 9.7 N 100 Oil soluble co-emulsifier, visco- depressant for PVC paste with low impact on thermal stability PVC Rhodasurf ON/870-E C16-C18 15.4 N 100 Linear, eco-friendly and multipurpose surfactant for emulsion polymerisation. Gen Rhodasurf ROX iC13 12.7 N 85 Cost-effective surfactant used as a nonionic co-emulsifier in polymerization or post added to increase stability Gen Rhodasurf S 30 Proprietary 16.5 N 65 Versatile emulsifier with best performances when used in combination with low EO sulfated surfactants. FA SA Rhodasurf TR 3,2 iC13 9.5 N 100 Cost-effective surfactant used as a nonionic co-emulsifier in polymerization or post added to increase stability Gen Rhodasurf TR 35/70 iC13 17.7 N 70 Multipurpose surfactant for emulsion Gen Rhodasurf TR 35/70 iC13 17.7 N 70 Multipurpose surfactant for emulsion polymerisation. Commonly post added to get high chemical stability. Gen Rhodasurf TR 6 iC13 11.4 N 100 Cost-effective surfactant used as a nonionic co-emulsifier in polymerization or post added to increase stability Gen Rhodasurf UN 721 Proprietary 16.8 N 70 Multipurpose surfactant commonly post added to get high stability. Gen NONIONIC SUBSTITUTED PHENOL DERIVATIVES Denomination Character HLB Ionic character Solid % (approx) Remarks and Applications Type of latex Soprophor 796 P EO/PO block copolymer - N 100 Emulsifier and dispersant for increased stability and compatibility with pigments FA SA Soprophor BSU Ethoxylate 12.6 N 100 Emulsifier and dispersant co- surfactant for increased compatibility with pigments FA SA Soprophor S/25 Ethoxylate 14.5 N 100 Emulsifier and dispersant co- surfactant for increased compatibility with pigments FA SA ANIONIC SUBSTITUTED PHENOL DERIVATIVES Denomination Character EO Moles Ionic character Solid % (approx) Salt Remarks and Applications Type of latex Soprophor 3D33 Phosphated 16 A 100 Acid Unusual hydrophobe. Excellent compatibility with pigments. Acid form. FA SA Soprophor 4D384 Sulfated 16 A 100 NH4 Sulfate derivative, high anionic active level. Partially neutralised. FA SA Soprophor FL Phosphated 16 A 100 TEA Neutralized version of Soprophor 3D33 FA SA LEGENDA IONIC CHARACTER A : A nionic N: Nonionic TYPE OF LATEX FA : Full A crylic(A A , MA A , BA , MMA , EEA , HMA ) V eoV a/V A c: V inil / V eova / A A V A c: V inil / A crylic PV A : V inil A cetate PV C: Poly V inyl Chloride SBR: Styrene Butadiene Rubber SA : Styrene A crylic Gen: General/Multipurpose use Information herein is believed to be reliable, we do not guarantee its accurancy.