QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT CODE / Name: CE 2252 / STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

UNIT I - ENERGY PRINCIPLES
PART A (2 Marks)
1. A beam of span 4 m is cantilever and subjected to a concentrated load 10 kN at free
end. Find the total strain energy stored. Take the Flexural rigidity is EI.
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. Write down Maxwells reciprocal theorem. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. Write down the expression for strain energy stored in a bar of cross sectional area A
and length l and subjected to a tensile load W. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. State Maxwells reciprocal theorem. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010, Apr/May 2011 & 2012)
5. State the principle of virtual work. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. Calculate the strain energy stored in the beam shown in fig. EI constant.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
7. State Castiglianos first theorem. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
8. Find the deflection at free end of the cantilever of 1m span carrying a point load of 10kN
at free end. EI=25000kNm
2
using principle of virtual work. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
9. Define strain energy density.
10. Define proof resilience.
11. Define the terms: Proof resilience and Modulus of resilience.
12. Derive relation for strain energy due to shear.
13. Define the term Poissons ratio and Bulk modulus.
14. Explain the effect of change of temperature in a composite bar.
15. What is meant by Strain energy?
16. Write down the equilibrium equations?
17. Define modulus of resilience.
18. Define unit load method.
19. Write down the different typed of loads due to different stresses?
20. Compare the unit load method and Castiglianos first theorem
w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL http://www.xams9.com/ SEMESTER: IV
PART B (16 Marks)
1. For the beam shown in Fig, find the deflection at C and slope at D (AUC Apr/May 2010)
I = 40 x 10
7
mm
4

E = 200 GPa.

2. For the truss shown in Fig, find the horizontal movement of the roller at D AB, BC, CD
area = 8 cm
2
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
AD and AC = 16 cm
2
E = 2 x 10
5
N / mm
2
.

3. Derive the expression for strain energy in Torsion of a circular shaft of length I and
radius R subjected to a Torque T producing a twist in the length of the shaft for the
following cases. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
(i) Solid circular shaft and
(ii) Hollow circular shaft, with an external radius R and internal radius r.
4. i) An axial pull of 40 kN is suddenly applied to a steel rod 2m long and 1000mm
2
in
cross section. Calculate the strain energy that can be absorbed if E = 200 GN/m
2
.
ii) A cantilever of rectangular section breadth b, depth d and of length l carries
uniformly distributed load spread from free end to the mid section of the cantilever.
Using Castiglianos theorem find: Slope and deflection due to bending at the free end.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. A beam 4m in length is simply supported at the ends and carries a uniformly
distributed load of 6 kN/m length. Determine the strain energy stored in the beam. Take
E = 200 GPa and I = 1440 cm
4
. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. A beam simply supported over a span of 3m carries a UDL of 20 kN/m over the
entire span. The flexural rigidity EI = 2.25 MNm
2

Using Castiglianos theorem, determine
the deflection at the centre of the beam. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
7. For the beam shown in fig. find the slope and deflection at C. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

8. i) For the truss shown in fig. find the total strain energy stored. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
E : 2 10
5
N/mm
2
Area : AB : 100 mm
2
BC : 100 mm
2
AC : 80 mm
2


ii) For the truss shown in fig. find the vertical deflection at C. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
Cross sectional area of
all the members : 100 mm
2

E = 2 10
5
N/mm
2



9. Determine vertical and horizontal deflection of joint C as shown in fig. Using principle of
virtual work. Take E=200kN/mm
2
and A=600mm
2
for all the members.
(AUC Apr/May 2012)

10. Using Castiglianos theorem, find the slope and deflection at B for the cantilever beam
shown in fig. Take E=2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
and I = 1 x 10
8
mm
4
. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

11. i. Derive a relation for strain energy due to shear force. (4m)
ii. Derive a relation for maximum deflection of a simply supported beam with uniformly
distributed load over entire span. Use strain energy method. (12m)

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
12. Determine the deflection at C of the beam given in Fig. Use principal of virtual work.

13. The external diameter of a hollow shaft is twice the internal diameter. It is subjected to
pure torque and it attains a maximum shear stress . Show that the strain energy stored
per unit volume of the shaft is
2
5
16C

. Such a shaft is required to transmit 5400 kw at 110

r.p.m. with uniform torque, the maximum stress not exceeding 84 MN/m
2
. Determine
i. The shaft diameters (8m)
ii. The strain energy stored per m
3
. Take C = 90 GN/m
2
. (8m)
13. Using Castiglianos theorem, determine the deflection of the free end of the cantilever
beam shown in fig. A is fixed and B is free end Take EI = 4.9 MN/m
2


15. A beam 4m in length is simply supported at the ends and carries a UDL of 6 kN/m length
over the entire length. Determine the strain energy stored in the beam. Take E = 200
GN/m
2
and I = 1440 cm
4
.
16. A beam simply supported over a span of 3m carries a UDL of 20 kN/m over the entire
span. Taking EI = 2.25 MNm
2
and using Castiglianos theorem, determine the deflection
at the centre of the beam.
17. A continuous beam of two equal spans L is uniformly loaded over its entire length. Find
the magnitude R of the middle reaction by using Castiglianos theorem.
18. Determine the vertical displacements of both lower points C and D for the pin jointed
frame shown in fig. The cross sectional area of all members is 130mm
2
and the modulus
of elasticity is 200 kN/mm
2
. Determine the magnitude of an additional vertical load placed
at D necessary to increase the deflection at C by 50%.

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
19. A simply supported beam of span l carries an uniformly distributed load of w per unit
length over the entire span. Using Castiglianos theorem determine
i. The mid-span deflection of the beam
ii. The slope at the left support.
20. A simply supported beam of span 8 m carries two concentrated loads of 20 kN and 30
kN at 3 m and 6 m from left support. Calculate the deflection at the centre by strain
energy principle.
21. Using Castiglianos theorem, determine the deflection of the free end of the cantilever
beam shown in fig. A is fixed and B is free end. Take EI = 4.9 MNm
2
.
22. The external diameter of a hollow shaft is twice the internal diameter. It is subjected to
pure torque and it attains a maximum shear stress . Show that the strain energy stored
per unit volume of the shaft is 5 2 / 16C. Such a shaft is required to transmit 5400 kw at
110 r.p.m. with uniform torque, the maximum stress not exceeding 84 MN / m
2
.
Determine,
i. The shaft diameter (8m)
ii. The strain energy stored per m
3
. Take C = 90 GN / m
2
. (8m)
23. State and prove Maxwells reciprocal theorem.
24. State and prove Castiglianos theorem.
25. Find the deflection at the mid span of a simply supported beam carrying an UDL of 5
kN/m over the entire span using principle of virtual work. Take span = 5m.

UNIT II - INDETERMINATE BEAMS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. A fixed beam of span L is subjected to UDL throughout w/m. What is end
moments and moment at the centre? (AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. Draw BMD for a propped cantilever beam span L subjected to UDL throughout w/m.
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. Draw BM Diagram (qualitative) of a propped cantilever of L m long carries an UDL of
w/unit run over the entire span. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. Draw the SF and BM Diagrams (qualitative) of a fixed beam of L m long carries a
point load W at the midpoint. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. What is a fixed beam? (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. State theorem of three moments. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. For the fixed beam shown in fig. what is the fixed end moment at A and B.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
8. For the propped cantilever shown in fig. draw the BMD (qualitative).
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
9. Write down the three moment equations for a fixed beam carrying an UDL of 2 kN/m
over the entire span. Span = 4m. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
10. State any two methods of analysis of indeterminate beams. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
11. A cantilever of length 6m carries a point load of 48 kN at its centre. The cantilever is
propped rigidly at the free end. Determine the reaction at the rigid prop.
12. A fixed beam AB of length 3m is having moment of inertia I=3 x 10
6
mm
4
the support B
sinks down by 3mm. If E = 2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
. Find the fixing moments.
13. What do you understand by bucking load and safe load?
14. What are the assumptions made in Eulers theory?
15. What are the fixed end moments for a fixed beam of length l subjected to a concentrated
load W at a distance a from left end.
16. State theorem of three moments.
17. What do you mean by a fixed beam?
18. How will you apply clapeyrons theorem of three moments to a continuous beam with
fixed end supports?
19. Derive a relation fro prop reaction for a simply supported beam with uniformly distributed
load and propped t the centre.
20. A Steel fixed beam AB of span 6 m is 60 mm wide and 100 mm deep. The support B
sinks down by 6 mm. Fine the fixing moments at A and B. Take E = 200 GPa.
21. Sketch the bending moment diagram of a cantilever beam subjected o udl over the entire
span.
22. What is meant by point of contraflexure?
23. A cantilever beam 4 m long carries a load of 20 kN at its free end. Calculate the shear
force and bending moment at the fixed end.
24. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a fixed beam?
25. Define continuous beam?
26. Define flexural rigidity of beams?
27. What is meant by propped cantilever?
28. Write down the general form of clapeyrons three moment equations for the continuous
w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com

PART B (16 Marks)
1. For the fixed beam shown in Fig, draw the SFD and BMD. (AUC Apr/May 2010)

2. For the continuous beam shown in Fig, draw SFD and BMD all the supports are at
same level. (AUC Apr/May 2010)

3. A fixed beam AB of 4.5m span carries a point load of 80 kN at its mid span and a
uniformly distributed load of 15 kN/m throughout its entire span. Find the following:
(i) Fixing moments at the ends and
(ii) Reactions at the supports
Also draw the SF and BM diagrams. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. A continuous beam ABCD of uniform cross-section is loaded as shown in Figure Find
the following: (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
(i) Bending moments at the supports
(ii) Reactions at the supports.
Also draw BM and SF diagrams.

5. A fixed beam of 6m span is loaded with point loads of 150 kN at distance of 2m from
each support. Draw the bending moment diagram and shear force diagram. Also find the
maximum deflection. Take E = 200GPa and I = 8 108 mm
4
. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. A continuous beam consists of three successive spans of 6 m, 12 m and 4 m and carries
loads of 2 kN/m, 1 kN/m and 3 kN/m respectively on the spans. Draw bending moment
diagram and shear force diagram for the continuous beam. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. A fixed beam AB is 6 m span and carries a point load 10 kN at 1 m from left end. It also
carries a clockwise moment at 1 m from right end,10 kN/m. Draw SFD and BMD
indicating the salient points. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)





w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
8. A continuous beam ABCD in shown in Fig. Draw SFD and BMD indicating the salient
points. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

9. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the beam shown in the fig. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

10. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the beam shown in the fig. Use three moment
equation. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

11. A simply supported beam of span 10m carries a UDL of 1152 N per unit length. The
beam is propped at the middle of the span. Find the amount by which the prop should
yield, in order to make all the three reactions equal. Take E=2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
and I for
beam= 10
6
mm
4
.
12. A fixed beam AB of length 6m carries point loads of 160 kN and 120kN at a distance of
2m and 4m from the left end A. Find the fixed end moments and the reactions at the
supports. Draw BM and SF diagrams.
13. A fixed beam of 8m span carries a UDL of 40 kN/m run over 4m length starting from left
end and a concentrated load of 80kN at a distance of 6m from the left end. Find
i. Moments at the supports. (12m)
ii. Deflection at centre of the beam (4m)
Take EI = 15000 kNm
2
.
12. A cantilever AB of span 6m is fixed at the end A and propped at the end B. It carries a
point load of 50 kN at the mid span. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed
end.
i. Determine reaction at the prop. (12m)
ii. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams. (4m)
14. A fixed beam of 6m length is loaded with two equal point loads of 150kN each at
distance of 2m from each support. Draw the BMD and SFD. E = 2 x 10
8
kN/m
2
, I = 8 x
10
8
mm
4
.

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
15. A continuous beam ABC 8m long consists of two spans AB = 3m and BC = 5m. The
span AB carries a load of 50 kN/m while the span BC carries a load of 10 kN/m. Find the
support moments and the reactions at the supports.
16. A fixed beam of span 8 m carries an udl of 2 kN/m over a length of 4 m from the left
support and a concentrated load of 10 kN at a distance of 6m from the left support. Find
the fixed end moments and draw the B.M. and S.F. diagrams.
17. A propped cantilever of span of 10m having the prop at the end is subjected two
concentrated loads of 15KN and 30KN at one third points respectively from left fixed end
support. Draw SFD and BMD.
18. Analyse the following beam.


UNIT III - COLUMNS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Define core of a section and draw the same for a circular section. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. Write Rankines equation for column. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. Define: Eccentrically loaded short columns. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. Distinguish between thick and compound cylinders. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. How columns are classified depending upon slenderness ratio? (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. What is thick cylinder? (AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. State any two assumptions made in the derivation of Eulers formula for long
columns. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
8. Define core of a section. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
9. What is the buckling load of an Eulers column 100mm x 200mm fixed at both the ends
and length is 5m. Take E=200kN/mm
2
? (AUC Apr/May 2012)
10. Write down the Rankine-Gordon formula. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
11. State middle third rule.
12. How is the failure of thick cylinder different from that of a thin cylinder?
13. Write down the Lames equations for thick walled cylinder.
14. What are the advantages of continuous beams over simply supported beams?
15. What are the assumptions made in Eulers theory?
16. Define slenderness ratio of a column.
17. How the failure of a short and of a long column takes place?
18. How will you determine the hoop stress in a thick compound cylinder?
19. Express the strength of a solid shaft.
20. Differentiate a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder with respect to hoop stress.
w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
21. Discuss the effect of crippling load (Pc) obtained by Eulers formula on Rankines formula
for short columns.
22. Give the expression for finding deflection of closely coiled helical spring.
23. Give the equivalent length of a column for any two end conditions.
24. Write down Rankine-Gordon formula for eccentrically loaded columns.
25. Define buckling.
26. Define critical load.
27. What is beam column?

PART B (16 Marks)
1. i) Derive the Eulers equation for column with two ends fixed. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
ii) A circular bar of uniform section is loaded with a tensile load of 500 kN. The line
of action of the load is off the axis of the bar by 10 mm. Determine the diameter of
the rod, if permissible stress of the material of the rod is 140 N / mm
2
.
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. Find the greatest length of a mild steel rod of 30 mm 30 mm which can be used as a
compressive member with one end fixed and the other end hinged. It carries a working
load of 40 kN. Factor of safety = 4,
1
=
7500
and
2
=300N/ mm .
c
Compare the result
with Euler.
5 2
E= 210 N/ mm . (AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. i) What are the assumptions and limitations of Eulers theory for long columns?
ii) A slender pin ended aluminium column 2.0 m long and of circular cross section it to
have an outside diameter of 50 mm. Calculate the necessary internal diameter to
prevent failure by buckling if the actual load applied is l2kN and the critical load
applied is twice the actual load. Take E for aluminium as 70 GN/m
2
.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. i) Describe the Rankines method for columns subjected to Eccentricity.
ii) From the following data of a column of circular section calculate the extreme stresses
on the column section. Also find the maximum eccentricity in order that there may be no
tension anywhere on the section.
External diameter = 20 cm Internal diameter = 6
cm Length of the column = 4 m
Load carried by the column = 175 kN
Eccentricity of the load = 2.5 cm (from the axis of the column)
End conditions = Both ends fixed
Youngs modulus = 94 GN/m
2
. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)


w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
5. A 1.5m long cast iron column has a circular cross section of 50mm diameter.
One end of the column is fixed in direction and position and the other is free. Taking
factor of safety as 3, calculate the safe load using Rankine-Gordon formula. Take yield
stress as 560 MPa and constant = 1/1600. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. A pipe of 200mm internal diameter and 50mm thickness carries a fluid at a pressure of
10 MPa. Calculate the maximum and minimum intensities of circumferential stress
across the section. Also sketch the radial stress distribution and circumferential stress
distribution across the section. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. i) A rectangular strut is 25 cm 15 cm. It carries a load of 60 kN at an eccentricity of 2
cm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Find the minimum and maximum stresses
developed in the section.
ii) Derive the Eulers equation for a long column with both ends hinged.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
8. i) A hollow cylindrical cast iron column is 3.50 long with both ends fixed. Determine the
minimum diameter of the column if it has to carry a safe load of 300 kN with a factor of
safety 4. External diameter is 1.25 times the internal diameter. a = 1/1600,
c
= 550
MN/m
2
, in Rankines formula. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
ii) Define thick cylinder and draw the hoop stress distribution for a solid circular cylinder.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
9. Derive the expression for the buckling load of an Eulers column fixed at one end and
hinged at the other end. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
10. A short length of a tube of 60mm external diameter and with thickness 5mm, failed in
compression at a load of 250kN. When the same is tested as a strut with both ends
hinged 2m long, it failed at a load of 150kN. Find the value of constant in Rankines
formula. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
11. Derive an expression for crippling load when one end of the column is fixed and the
other end is free.
12. Calculate the Eulers critical load for a strut of T-section. The flange width being 10cm,
overall depth 8cm and both flange and stem 1cm thick. The strut is 3m long and is built
in at both ends. Take E = 2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
.
13. Derive Eulers crippling load for the following cases:
i. Both ends hinged. (8m)
ii. One end is fixed and other end free (8m)
13. A column with one end hinged and other end fixed has a length of 5m and a hollow
circular cross-section of outer dia 100mm and wall thickness 10mm. If E = 1.60 x 10
5

N/mm
2
and crushing stress
c
= 350 N/mm
2
, find the load that the column may carry with
a factor of safety of 2.5 according to Euler theory and Rankine-Gordon theory.

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
14. i. Derive an expression for the bucking load of a column hinged at both ends. (8m)
ii. A hollow cast iron column whose outside diameter is 200mm has a thickness of
20mm. It is 4.5m long and is fixed at both ends. Calculate the safe load by Rankine-
Gordon formula using a factor of safety 4. (8m)
15. A pipe of 200mm internal diameter and 50mm thickness carries a fluid at a pressure of
10 MN/m
2
. Calculate the maximum and minimum intensities of circumferential stress
across the section. Also sketch the radial and circumferential stress distribution across
the section.
16. A 2m long pin ended column of square cross section is to be made of wood. Assuming E
=12 GPa and allowable stress being limited to 12 MPa, determine the size of the column
to support the following loads safely. (i) 95 KN (ii) 200 KN. Use factor of safety of 3 and
also calculates the Eulers crippling load for buckling.
17. Determine the buckling load for a column of T section with flange of 100mm width and
overall depth 120mm. Both flange and web are of 10mm thick. The strut is 3m long with
one end hinged and other end fixed.
18. Determine the buckling load for a column of rectangular section of size 100mm width and
overall depth 120mm. The strut is 3m long with one end hinged and other end fixed.
19. A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diameter 300mm and
internal diameter 250mm over another cylinder of external diameter 250mm and internal
diameter 200mm. The radial pressure at the junction is 8 N/mm
2
. Find the final stresses
set up across the section when the compound cylinder is subjected to an internal
pressure of 84.5 N/mm
2
.
20. i) A hollow mild steel tube 6m long 4 cm internal diameter and 6mm thick is used as a
strut with both ends hinged. Find the buckling load and safe load taking factor of safety
3. E = 200 GPa. (8m)
ii) Find the Euler buckling load for a fixed-fixed column. (8m)












w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
UNIT IV - STATE OF STRESS IN THREE DIMENSIONS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Define principal plane and principal stress. (AUC Apr/May 2010 & Apr/May 2011)
2. State the principal stress theory of failure. (AUC Apr/May 2010 & 2012)
3. Define volumetric strain. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. What are principal stresses and principal planes? (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. State distortion energy theory of failure. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. State the maximum principal stress theory. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
7. For the state of stress shown in fig. identify the principal planes. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

8. What is deviatric component of a stress tensor? (AUC Apr/May 2012)
9. What is meant by stress tensor?
10. State principal strain theory.
11. What will be the fixed end moment for a beam subjected to uniformly varying load, which
is maximum at the centre and minimum at supports?
12. State maximum principal strain theory.
13. List the theories of failure.
14. What is stress invariant?
15. What do you mean by triaxial state of stress?
16. What is meant by principal plane?
17. Find the principal stresses if the normal stresses x and y and shear stress act at a
point?

PART B (16 Marks)
1. i) Briefly explain spherical and deviatory components of stress tensor.
ii) Explain the importance of theories of failure.
iii) For the state of stress shown in Fig, find the principal plane and principal stress.
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. A circular shaft has to take a bending moment of 9000 N/m and torque 6750 N/m. The
stress at elastic limit of the material is 207 10
6
N/m
2
both in tension and compression.
E = 207 x 10
6
KPa and = 0.25.Determine the diameter of the shaft, using octahedral
shear stress theory and the maximum shear stress theory. Factor of safety : 2.
(AUC Apr/May 2010)

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
3. i) State Maximum Shear Stress Theory
ii) A shaft is subjected to a maximum torque of l0 kNm and a maximum of
bending moment of 8kNm at a particular section. If the allowable equivalent stress in
simple tension is 160MN/m
2
, find the diameter of the shaft according to the maximum
shear stress theory. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. In a steel member, at a point the major principal stress is 200MN/m
2
and the minor
principal stress is compressive. If the tensile yield point of the steel is 235MN/m
2
, find
the value of the minor principal stress at which yielding will commence, according to
each of the following criteria of failure
i) Maximum shearing stress.
ii) Maximum total strain energy and
iii) Maximum shear strain energy. Take Poisson Ratio = 0.26. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. The rectangular stress components of a point in three dimensional stress system are
defined as
x
= 20 MPa ,
y
=-40 MPa ,
z
= 80 MPa,
xy
= 40 MPa ,
yz
=-60 MPaand
zx
= 20 MPa . Determine the principal stresses at the given point. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. A steel shaft is subjected to an end thrust producing a stress of 90 MPa and the
maximum shearing stress on the surface arising from torsion is 60 MPa. The yield
point of the material in simple tension was found to be 300 MPa. Calculate the factor
of safety of the shaft according to (i) Maximum shear stress theory and (ii)
Maximum distortion energy theory. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. i) State the shear strain energy theory and a comment on it.
ii) For the state of stress shown in fig. find the principal plane, principal stress and
maximum shear stress. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

8. In a material the principal stresses are 50 N/mm
2
, 40 N/mm
2
and 30 N/mm
2
. Calculate
the total strain energy, volumetric strain energy, shear strain energy and factor of safety
on the total strain energy criterion if the material yields at 100 N/mm
2
.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
9. The state of stress at a point is given by the tensor below. Determine the principal
stresses and its directions





20 -10 -30
-10 40 20
-30 20 -20
MPa. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
10. Explain any two theories of failure. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
11. The normal stress in two mutually perpendicular directions are 600 N/mm
2
and 300
N/mm
2
both tensile. The complimentary shear stresses in these directions are of intensity
450 N/mm
2
. Find the normal and tangential stresses in the planes which are equally
inclined to the planes carrying the normal stresses mentioned above.
12. A solid circular shaft is subjected to a bending moment of 40 kN m and a torque of 10 kN
m. Design the diameter of the shaft according to
i. Maximum principal stress theory
ii. Maximum shear stress theory
iii. Maximum strain energy theory.
11. Two mutually perpendicular planes of an element of a material are subjected to direct
stresses of 10.5 MN/m
2
(tensile); and 3.5 MN/m
2
(compressive) and shear stress of 7
MN/m
2
. Find
i. The magnitude and direction of principal stresses. (12m)
ii. The magnitude of the normal and shear stresses on a plane on which the shear
stress is maximum. (4m)
12. Derive the expressions for energy of distortion and energy of dilatation?
13. i. The state of stress at a point is given by





9 6 3
6 5 2
3 2 4
MPa. (8m)
ii. Determine the principal stresses. (8m)
14. A cylindrical shell 1.2m diameter is to be made of mild steel plates. It is subjected to an
internal pressure of 1.5 MN/m
2
. If the material yields at 200 kN/m
2
, calculate the
thickness of the plate on the basis of following theories of failure assuming a FOS of 3 in
each case.
i. Maximum principal stress theory
ii. Maximum shear stress theory
iii. Maximum shear strain energy theory.
15. Determine the principal moments of inertia for an angle section 80 mm x 80 mm x10 mm.
16. Find the principal stresses and principal planes for the following 3D stress field.





10 15 20
= 15 25 30 MPa
20 30 40
.
17. A thick cylinder pressure vessel of inner radius 150mm is subjected to an internal
pressure of 80 MPa. Calculate the wall thickness based upon
i. Maximum principal stress theory
ii. Total strain energy theory.
Take Poissons ratio = 0.3 and yield stress = 300 MPa.

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
UNIT V - ADVANCED TOPICS IN BENDING OF BEAMS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. What is fatigue strength and endurance ratio in a fatigue testing of material?
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
2. Write the Winkler-Bach formula for a curved beam. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. Distinguish between symmetrical and unsymmetrical sections of beams.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. What are the causes of fatigue in beams? (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. What are the reasons for unsymmetrical bending? (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. Write the expression for position of neutral axis in case of curved bars.
(AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. What is stress concentration? (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)
8. For the phase section shown in fig. find the product moment of inertia about x and y
axes. (AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

9. Define: Shear centre. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
10. State Winkler Bach formula. (AUC Apr/May 2012)
11. Define Fatigue.
12. What are the reasons for unsymmetrical bending?
13. What are the assumptions made in Winkler Bach theory?
14. What is stress concentration?
15. Define: fatigue life and endurance ratio.
16. How would you find the bending stress in unsymmetrical section?
17. State any four assumptions made in the analysis of stresses in curved bars.
18. When will you use the simple flexure formula for curved beams?
19. What do you mean by unsymmetrical bending?
PART B (16 Marks)
1. A rectangular simply supported beam is shown in Fig. The plane of loading makes
30 with the vertical plane of symmetry. Find the direction of neutral axis and the
bending stress at A. (AUC Apr/May 2010)

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
2. A curved bar of rectangular section, initially unstressed is subjected to bending
moment of 2000 N.m tends to straighten the bar. The section is 5 cm wide and 6 cm
deep in the plane of bending and the mean radius of curvature is 10 m. find the position
of neutral axis and the stress at the inner and outer face. (AUC Apr/May 2010)
3. A thick cylinder of external and internal diameter of 350 mm and 200 mm is subjected to
an internal pressure of 45 N/mm
2
and external pressure 5N/mm
2
. Determine the stress in
the material. Now if the external pressure is doubled, what internal pressure can be
maintained without exceeding the previously determine maximum stress?
(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
4. Write brief technical note on:
i) Unsymmetrical bending of beams
ii) Curved beams
iii) Stress concentration
iv) Significance of shear centre. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
5. A 80 80 10 mm angle is used as a simply supported beam over a span of 2.4m. It
carries a load of 400kN along the vertical axis passing through the centroid of the
section. Determine the resulting bending stress on the outer corners of the section along
the middle section of the beam. (AUC Apr/May 2011)
6. A central horizontal section of hook is a symmetrical trapezium 60 mm deep, the
inner width being 60mm and the outer being 30 mm. Estimate the extreme intensities
of stress when the hook carries a load of 30 kN, the load line passing 40mm from
the inside edge of the section and the centre of curvature being in the load line.
(AUC Apr/May 2011)
7. Fig. shows a frame subjected to a load of 3.4 kN find the resultant stress at A and B.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)


w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
8. A beam of T-section (flange: 100 20 mm, web: 150 mm 10 mm) in 3 m in length and
simply supported at ends (Fig). It carries a load of 2.2 kN inclined 20 to the vertical and
passing through the centroid of the section. Calculate the maximum tensile stress and
maximum compressive stress. Also find the position of the neutral axis.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2011)

9. Determine the shear centre for a channel section shown in fig. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

10. Find the centroidal principal moments of inertia of an angle section 300mm x 200mm x
20mm as shown in fig. (AUC Apr/May 2012)

11. A curved bar is formed of a tube of 120 mm outside diameter and 7.5 mm thickness. The
centre line of this beam is a circular are of radius 225 mm. A bending moment of 3 kN m
tending to increase curvature of the bar is applied. Calculate the maximum tensile and
compressive stresses set up in the bar.




w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com
12. A 80 mm x 80 mm x 10mm angle section shown in fig is used as a simply supported
beam over a span 2.4 m. It carries a load of 400 N along the line YG, where G is the
centroid of the section. Calculate the
i. Stresses at the points A, B and C of the mid section of the beam
ii. Deflection of the beam at the mid section and its direction with the load line
iii. Position of the neutral axis. Take E = 200 GN/m
2
.

13. Determine the principal moments of inertia for an angle section 80mm x 80mm x 10mm.
14. A curved bar is formed of a tube of 120mm outside diameter and 7.5mm thickness. The
centre line of this beam is a circular arc of radius 225mm. A bending moment of 3 kNm
tending to increase curvature of the bar is applied. Calculation the maximum tensile and
compressive stresses set up in the bar.
15. A 40mm x 40mm x 5mm angle is used as a simply supported beam over a span of 2.4m.
It carries a load of 200N along vertical axis passing through the centroid of the section.
Determine the resulting bending stress on the outer corners of the section, along the
middle section of the beam.
16. At the critical section of a crane hook, trapezium in section, the inner and outer sides are
4cm and 2.5cm respectively and depth is 7.5cm. The centre of curvature of the section is
at a distance of 6cm from the inner fibers. If the maximum stress is not to exceed 120
MN/m
2
, what maximum load the hook can carry?
17. A curved bar is formed of a tube of 120 mm outside diameter and 7.5 mm thickness. The
centre line of this beam is a circular arc of radius 225 mm. A bending moment of 3 kNm
tending to increase curvature of the bar is applied. Calculate the maximum tensile and
compressive stresses set up in the bar.
18. Determine the horizontal and vertical deflection of the end B of the thin curved beam
shown in fig. Take E = 200 GN/m
2
, width and thickness of the beam 10 mm and 5 mm
respectively. P = 2 N.

w
w
w
.
x
a
m
s
9
.
c
o
m
www.xams9.com