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    Chapter 04 Axial Load

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    Sumaya Mahmood
    Saint-Venant's Principle states that stresses and strains produced at points sufficiently removed from the region where loads are applied will be the same as if any statically equivalent loads were applied within the same region. The principle of superposition can be used to solve statically indeterminate problems by considering the effects of each load component separately and summing the results. Thermal stresses will develop in constrained members when subjected to temperature changes due to thermal expansion or contraction. Stress concentrations occur where the cross-sectional area changes abruptly, such as notches, resulting in higher local stresses compared to the average stress.

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    Chapter 04 Axial Load

    Uploaded by

    Sumaya Mahmood
    144 views6 pages
    Saint-Venant's Principle states that stresses and strains produced at points sufficiently removed from the region where loads are applied will be the same as if any statically equivalent loads were applied within the same region. The principle of superposition can be used to solve statically indeterminate problems by considering the effects of each load component separately and summing the results. Thermal stresses will develop in constrained members when subjected to temperature changes due to thermal expansion or contraction. Stress concentrations occur where the cross-sectional area changes abruptly, such as notches, resulting in higher local stresses compared to the average stress.

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    Solid mechanics

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    Saint-Venant's Principle states that stresses and strains produced at points sufficiently removed from the region where loads are applied will be the same as if any statically equivalent loads were applied within the same region. The principle of superposition can be used to solve statically indeterminate problems by considering the effects of each load component separately and summing the results. Thermal stresses will develop in constrained members when subjected to temperature changes due to thermal expansion or contraction. Stress concentrations occur where the cross-sectional area changes abruptly, such as notches, resulting in higher local stresses compared to the average stress.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    144 views6 pages

    Chapter 04 Axial Load

    Uploaded by

    Sumaya Mahmood
    Saint-Venant's Principle states that stresses and strains produced at points sufficiently removed from the region where loads are applied will be the same as if any statically equivalent loads were applied within the same region. The principle of superposition can be used to solve statically indeterminate problems by considering the effects of each load component separately and summing the results. Thermal stresses will develop in constrained members when subjected to temperature changes due to thermal expansion or contraction. Stress concentrations occur where the cross-sectional area changes abruptly, such as notches, resulting in higher local stresses compared to the average stress.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    SaintVenant'sPrinciple :

    Thestrainandstresswillevenoutandbecomeuniformoverthecrosssectionlocatedatposition
    beingatleastequaltothelargestdimensionofthecrosssection.
    Stressandstrainproducedatpointsinabody
    sufficientlyremovedfromtheregionofload
    applicationwillbethesameasthestressandstrain
    producedbyanyappliedloadingsthathavethe
    samestaticallyequivalentresultant,andareapplied
    tothebodywithinthesameregion.
    ElasticDeformationofanAxiallyLoadedMember
    Assumenegligiblelocalizeddeformation,calculatetherelativedisplacementbetweenthetwoends
    Iftheexternalloadforce,crosssectionareaandEareconstant:
    Ifthebarissubjectedtoseveraldifferentaxialforces:
    Ingeneral,deformationofanaxiallyloadedbariso = ]
    1
    L
    P(x)
    A(x)
    Jx
    x=L
    x=0
    Chapter4AxialLoad
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 1
    Example4.1
    TheassemblyshownconsistsofanaluminumtubeABhavinga
    crosssectionalareaof4uu mm
    2
    .Asteelrodhavingadiameterof
    1u mm isattachedtoarigidcollarandpassesthroughthetube.If
    atensileloadof8u kN isappliedtotherod,determinethe
    displacementoftheendCoftherod.TakeE
    st
    = 2uu 0Po,
    E
    uI
    = 7u 0Po.
    Example4.2(Ex4.3)
    Amemberismadefromamaterialthathasaspecificweighty and
    modulusofelasticityE.ifitisintheformofaconehavingthedimensionas
    shown,determinehowfaritsendisdisplacedduetogravitywhenitis
    suspendedintheverticalposition.
    Examples
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 2
    Bysubdividingtheloadingintocomponents,theprincipleofsuperpositionstatesthattheresultantstressor
    displacementatthepointcanbedeterminedbyalgebraicallysummingthestressordisplacementcausedbyeachload
    componentappliedseparatelytothemember.
    Twoconditions needtobesatisfiedforapplyingtheprinciple:
    Theloadingmustbelinearlyrelatedtothestressordisplacementthatistobedetermined 1.
    Theloadingmustnotsignificantlychangetheoriginalgeometryorconfigurationofthemember 2.
    Superposition: Linearproblem Smalldeflections
    PrincipleofSuperposition
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 3
    Considerthebar
    equilibriumequationisnotsufficienttodeterminethetworeactions staticallyindeterminate problem
    Needtoconsiderhowpointsonthebardisplace.
    Equationthatspecifiestheconditionsfordisplacement acompatibilityorkineticcondition
    Theindeterminateproblemcanalsobesolvedbywritingthecompatibilityequationusingtheprinciple
    ofsuperposition flexibilityorforcemethodofanalysis.
    Example4.3(Ex4.6)
    ThethreeA992barsarepinconnectedtoarigidmember.Iftheappliedloadonthememberis15kN,
    determinetheforcedevelopedineachbar.BarsABandEFeachhaveacrosssectionalareaofSu mm
    2
    ,
    andbarCDhasacrosssectionalareaofSu mm
    2
    .
    Staticallyindeterminateproblem
    FBD Equationsofequilibrium
    Equationsofcompatibility(usingdisplacementscausedbyloading)
    StaticallyIndeterminateAxiallyLoadedMember
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 4
    Formostofmaterials,temperatureincreases(decrease)cancauseabodyexpansion(contraction)indimension
    thermalexpansion.
    Inalargerangeoftemperature,thechangeindimensionsislinearlyrelatedtothechangeintemperature
    o
    1
    = oII
    Whenthechangeisconstrained(staticallyindeterminate),stresswillbegeneratedwithinthebody
    Example4.4(ex4.9)
    TheA36steelbarasshownisconstrainedtojustfitbetweentwofixedsupportswhenI
    1
    = 6uF,
    determinetheaveragenormalthermalstressdevelopedinthebar.
    ThermalStress
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 5
    Themaximumnormalstressoccursatthesmallestcrosssectionalarea
    Ifthedeformationislinearelastic:thestressdistributioncanbedeterminedbymathematicalanalysisor
    experimentally

    StressConcentrationFactor
    ForceEquilibrium AverageStress
    StressConcentrationFactorK =
    c
    mcx
    c
    min
    StressConcentrations
    Chapter 4 Axial Load Page 6

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