2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

INTERAKSI ANTAR SEL-SEL DAN

LINGKUNGANNYA
Biologi Sel basar
BI-100A
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
INTERAKSI ANTAR SEL-SEL DAN LINGKUNGANNYA
1) Sel - Sel
1) Sel - Matriks ekstrasellar!"ari#$a#%
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
-
Basement membrane
Basement
membrane
Dermis
Specialized cellcell contact
Specialized
cell substratum contact
Reticular fiber Proteoglyc an Collagen fiber
Cell surface receptor (integnn)
Fibroblast lastic fiber
Dead cornified - cells
pidermis
Di!iding cells
7
-

Y
"
#traceld
m
Site ol
Cell-cell
contact
$ctr%ablyi of
eoirie &irmly
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Cronge in
cytog%le'('
org)anizalian
C*ange ri riurneo*ilte
+t%ation ',() syinttesi
+li!abccol Ftf+l$ syn-ties-S
( )
1
F i r e i f )
09!ielami
11_ \
&
A
-
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Figure 7.1 An overview of how cells are organized into tissues and
how they interact with one another and with their extracellular
environment. In this schematic diagram of a section through human skin,
the cells of the epidermis are seen to adhere to one another y specialized
contacts) !he asal layer of
#tracollular matri#
epidermal cells also adheres to an underlying, noncellular layer (t*e
basement membrane)) .*e dermis consists largely of exescellular
elements that interact with each other and with the surfaces of scattered
cells. !he cells contain receptors that interact with extracellular
materials)
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
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endocrine cell
(C) NEURONAL
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kaska'e si#@al i#trasellar @a#$ 'a5at /e#$4a; res52#s sel-
M2lekl si#@al 1
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" Gas terlart se5erti N6 'a# CO
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" 'iEsi !sekres6/elali /e/4ra# 5las/a,
" terikat 5a'a 5er/kaa# sel 5e/4eri si$#al
*2#t2; 1 Pia$ra /era#$sa#$
'isekresika##@a $as N6 s;$
5e/4-'ara; rela7 //ele4ar
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
*2l
2'
` Ho r mo n e
!a% -ntracellular receptors
Carrier protein in blood
A
Cytosolic receptor
Receptor-*ormone comple#
3 u c l e u s
1@0 Cird lo
"ra5
SIIIHI%1 E.9<l! I!LL
Mrt-
1I
$ltered transcription of specific genes
Er nRNA
r el k" " L A W t i I I
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1Ai'< e#tke5eli .elk
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t /ake a#' rekase M6-
iit- 'iEEse
2E t;e er'2t;el;la#' iita Mi:e 1/at;
Y"IKI
rhroi
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terikat 5r2tei# G
HOCH%
4
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UDP-)l*co#e
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4-a're#er$ik 5a'a 5er/kaa#
5lycogen synt*ase
HOCH% &OCR%
-a- '''\L/
H OH
5lycogen (n 4 ' residues6
5lycogen p*osp*orylase
HOCH, &OC&+
- D
"
O&
sel ;ati 'a# a'i52sa-
m '
'( P(c ( (pridine
I
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UDP
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rese5t2r /e#i/4lka# eEek
4er4e'a 1
&OC &,
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OI
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O&
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O& OH
5lycogen (n residues)
& E5i#eEri# @a#$ 4erikata# 'e#$a#
4-a're#er$ik 5a'a sel 2t2t Fa#t#$
+ 5e#i#$kata# k2#traksi 2t2t
+ s55l@ 'ara; /e#i#$kat
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
& 3a'a sel 2t2t 52l2s i#testi# + relaksasi 2t2t
& 3a'a sel 2t2t 52l2s salra# 'ara; 'i $i#Fal, klit, i#testi#+
rese5t2r lai# re.e5t2r a2-a're#er$ik + arteri k2#striksi
Protein Reseptor :
cl
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C) Edracobrir
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
ti 1
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r#2le.-lt 4i#' eit;er t2 .ell--
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era1a#t-) 2r re.e5t2rs- ),)) M2sI Ei$#a r#ale.le# are 4il$e a#'
;@'r25;ik a#' are t;erek.e tread F7 <,ISS I;e 5las/a /e/4ra#e
';e.ilA i
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Istead, t;e@ ;i-' to cel&s'iace rere5t2i#, B;k; 0- ILr# $e#elak
2#e 2r r#2ieli$#al#i##i'e I ;e ta/eI .el *ars
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
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-s;2B#% 2r i# i;e #.leE-
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<rl .ri-s. ra-m"Lor) rocoroi7+ ool&.r"oiric moloc.l@..Sigalmolcr.(s 5ill hid
a I# ra ch Lac is I i "l 3..i o rsrc" ro- r # i ro
5ish a sh3ric i)o r.hi ih'7 co' 11 r is BI%.
A-3a'a /e/4ra# sel 1 /2l lart air i-e-
#er2tra#s/iter < ;2r/2# 5e5ti'a,Gr20
B-4ala/ sel 1 Si#@al ;2r/2# @a#$ lart
le/ak !ster2i' s5t estr2$e#,
5r2$ester2#, test2ster2#%, asa/
reti#2at,Pit 4, $as N6
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2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
AktiCasi Rese5t2r 5a'a 5er/kaa# sel
+ kel2/52k rese5t2r 1
1. Rese5t2r terikat 5r2tei# 6 (> )00%
Li$a#' - rese5t2r + aktiEasi 5r2tei# 6 + aktiCasi/;a/4at sat e#:i/ +
/e#$aktiCasi i2# .;a##el ata se.2#' /esse#$er- *2#t2; 1 rese5t2r #tk
e5i#eEri# !B-a're#er$i.%, ser2t2#i#, $lka$2#
%. rese5t2r ion channel
Li$a#' - rese5t2r + 5er4a;a# k2#E2r/asi rese5t2r + alira# i2# terte#t
!K,Na,*a,*I+ 4a; 52te#sial elektris 5a'a /e/4ra# sel- e$ rese5t2r asetilk2li#
'. rese5t2r @a#$ 4erikata# 'e#$a# tir2si# ki#ase
Rese5t2r ti'ak /e/iliki aktiCitas katalitik-
Li$a#' - rese5t2r + sti/lasi 'i/erisasi rese5t2r + i#teraksi 'e#$a# 5r2tei#
tir2si# ki#ase 5a'a sit2s2l- *2#t2; 1 Eakt2r t/4;
(. Rese5t2r @a#$ /e/iliki aktiCitas e#:i/atik i#tri#sik
Rese5t2r /e/iliki aktiCitas katalitik i#tri#sik-
Li$a#' - rese5t2r + katalisasi GT3 + .GM3 ata 4er5era# se4a$ai 5r2tei#
E2sEatase + /e#$katalisasi 5ele5asa# E2sEat 'ari 'ari E2sE2tir2si# !rese5t2r
tiEt'i0iEkiii<M%-
)-)
82#t2; 1 rese5t2r i#sli#
3e#@a/5aia# si#@al/i#E2r/asi ke 'ala/ sel
8.R$C99:-$R C-53$9ry';9C:9
RECEPTOR PROTEIN
I3.R$C99:93R C-53$9-35 PRC.-
TAR/ET PROTEIN2
me tal#ligene regulatory cytos+ele
enzyme protein protein
altered
metabolism
s*ared gene
e3pressio n
altered cell
s*ape or
/?Ate/ant
Si#@al 'isa/5aika# ke sel
tar$et
/elali /2lekl i#trasel 'al
-
a/
" I #isiasi
& Si#@al 4erikata# 'e#$a# rese5t2r
/li$a# 1 RE#:@/e-li#ke'R < 3r2tei# G
& Si#@al+ li$a#' 5 tra#sE2r/asi
si#@al ke /2rekl lai# 1Rse.2#'
/esse#$erR1 *-AM3 < *al.i/
" A/5liEikasi
& A/5liEikasi si#@al @a#$
'iteri/a1R.as.a'esR5r2tei# ki#ase
& 4istri4si si#@al #tk 5e#$ar;i
4e4era5a eEek se.ara 5aralel
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
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k$@kkit$-
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l2 ie.e5l2r .a# lea' t2
i ;e 2E a.le# @l .@.laSe a#' a
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>-0-)
9
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t;e #.le--s a#' 5;.rs5;2r@ later s5e.ilk #eG
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t;ese- 5.2lei#t
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st-re-r-- T;is l@5e- 20 A$#ai#$ 5at;Ba@ .2#tr2ls /a#@
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l.- t;e 551'.li2# 20 irrr2l TRe' i#
lG#s-teir# /e/2r@ I#e A.lirate'
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t& c&cl ( AN01
Respon sel terhadap sinyal
+elen, ar l'da-
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Peattransn -ecepatan dan It1ntra-si otot
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a#eka eEek 5a'a 4er4a$ai sel
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kellsa# ;i'5 <
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2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
La#$ka; - la#$ka; k2/#ikasi
" Si#tesa /2lekl si#@al 2le; sel @a#$ /e/4eri si#@al
" 3ele5asa# /2lekl si#@al 2le; sel @a#$ /e/4eri si#@al
" Tra#s52r si#@al 2le; sel tar$et
" 3e#Likata# si#@al 2le; rese5t2r s5esiEik @a#$ /e#@e4a4ka#
aktiCasi rese5t2r terse4t
" I#isiasi sat ata le4i; Falr tra#s'ksi si#@al i#trasel
" 3er4a;a# s5esiEik E#$si, /eta42lis/e, ata 5erke/4a#$a#
sel
" 3e/4a#$a# si#@al @a#$ /e#$ak;iri res52# sel
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
KK,,&-K&KKKK----- t ---------&,?
*ELL 0 )
TARGET
(
Re.e5t2r 5r2tei#
*elllar res52#se1 a.tiCati2# 2E a $e#e a#' s@#t;esis 2E
#eB 5r2tei#
NeB 5r2tei#
S t e r o i d
hormoe
ANIMASI 1
" Ster2i' ;2r/2#es 4i#' t2
i#tra.elllar re.e5t2rs
- T;e ster2i'-re.e5t2r
.2/5le7 4i#'s t2 DNA,
tr#i#$ s5e.iEi. $e#es 2# 2r
2EE !re.e5t2r a.t as $e#e
re$lat2r%
I# t;is e7a/5le, a #eB
" 6t;er1 a.t as E#:@/es, e$-N6-
$a#@l@l .@.lase-.atal@:e
s@#t;esis- 2E GM3
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
5r2tei# is s@#t;esi:e'
+1) A ;2r/2#e 4i#'s t2 a re.e5t2r
5r2tei# i# t;e 5las/a /e/4ra#e
+1) T;e re.e5t2r 5r2tei# a.tiCates a
si$#s
I H2r/2#e !e5i#e5;ri#e%
RE*E3T6R 3R6TEIN
I
----------
3las/a /e/4ra#e
%A>;,% <,LL
tra#s'.ti2# 5at;Ba@ i# t;e .ell
+1) A series 2E rela@ /2le.les
tra#s/its t;e si$#al t2 a 5r2tei#
t;at .arries 2t t;e .ell?s
ornra/s
*&i 7rla
I '.<@1=.@iis@@.i@@@9br
52r,Ke@ ObN " trABe
''
'
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< PSigal ad @.<JIQ
I <.01 AI2: C@"H
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1.-
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lit
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,
-
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*elllar res52#se
!i# t;is e7a/5le, $l@.2$e# 4reak'2B#%
Si$#al - tra#s'.ti2# 5at;Ba@
na'n
aLmagirm rcrcror Lialm )99 a migal 9#$l-
ih3moh 9
<."rarri' mBrrBchcmchrits.bomdcB&mc. da.l&d@claL%hiarmtiico&.?ti-achcrir, ii.o) r ti1A'5h()r (i+
aothe cola chc .0S1$$r i=LL0%h *lb0$m "0,lm3&. A cor3...clImbr rci="i7) ,(a c
3d. 3.7hcr < ra(loc..1cro&ic "hom"hdi"ac <. 2il cr&c-ciiiisci. i(F "mgl.ccic. irmic.1
=did9 lielo *6 9#el or ro cold.oi .A11111I11 i ihr miri(.rar, cl., e("lmiir roir.hm. *9 d)r ...lio
Se#@aBa @a#$ 4erikata# 'e#$a# rese5t2r /e/4ra#
- #er2tra#s/itters @a#$ 4ersiEat i#'ktiE 1 a.et@l.;2li#e, $lta/ate, ser2t2#i#-
-- I#;i4it2r@ #er2tra#s/itters1 GABA, $l@.i#e
& 64at1 Pali/ a#' 3r2:a. /e/5e#$ar;i leCels ata se#sitiCitas #er2tra#s/itter
& Ner2t27i#s, s#ake Ce#2/s, .rare, a#' str@.;#i#e 'a5at /e/ 4l2k si$#al
#er2tra#s/itter
%able 1$-! S2/e S4sta#.es T;at Mi/i. Natral Si$#al M2le.les
=- =-C S-53$9 =;9C:9 RCP.;R $C.-;3 FFC.
>alium and barbiturates y-aminobutyric acid (5$B$)stimulate 5$B$-acti!ated relief
of an#iety? sedation
ion-c*annellin+ed receptors
acetylc*oline stimulates acetylc*oline-acti!ated
ion-c*annellin+ed receptors
endorp*ins and en+ep*alinsstimulate 5-proteinlin+ed
opiate receptors
acetylc*oline in*ibits acetylc*oline-acti!ated
ion-c*annellin+ed receptors
glycine bloc+s glycine-acti!ated
ion-c*annellin+ed receptors
3icotine
=orp*ine and *eroin Curare
Stryc*nine
constriction of blood !essels? ele!ation of blood pressure
analgesia (relief of pain)? eup*oria
bloc+age of neuromuscular transmission0 resulting in paralysis
seizures and muscle spasm
I
2005,RRE/AB,SITH IT!
<ell s.r)ace "roteis mediate cell-cell iteractios.
" *ell 5 "ari#$a# 1
/isal 'ara; 'a# 2t2t
Eor*& call coacoln8 a "5ciin arr*o1rArle9 r pro'ia.
on i.-3 :'r-oc "liaa a r-an id9aci7*9scli r*p9 cacti; is a &s 7 p
r9 t<a = >*.
#I<J>,7.1@
ir .m' ri o) d. im.i7tlob.lio #.0Lil& oicill i.r)(0a s.r(ir #ai. % 3r,l , all r.s#ica (i" richrt chs
irrr.rc ra"m, i or,"rirra b& sM3/i!mi (idriBE (aig oil rrcr(a- 2,, EI ciBcm 13171 all-
30c =Fl).= m ch- clic imic #licr 3 2IAS aI# irrradigcrtib' l.ch ,. I7ri73ii rimQ rd ilall&sis
Lim all o) Irri%hrial arBril!
2005,RRE/AB,SITH IT!
" Tia5 sel /e/iliki /2lekl
/arker 1 /e#e#tka#
i'e#titas R.ell-tisse
s5e.iEi.R, se;i#$$a sel lai#
@a#$ k2#tak 'a5at /e#$e#ali
/arker terse4t-
" Ma.a/ /arker 1
1. Glik2li5i' 1 // 5a'a
5er/kaa# sel, /is1 $2l-'ara;
%. 3r2tei#
RMaF2r;ist2.2/5ati4ilit@
.2/5le7R!MH*% #tk
/e/4e'aka# RselER 'e#$a#
R#2#-selER,e$- i/#2$l24li#
A';esi a#tar sel 5a'a Fari#$a# 'a# /atrik 1 R*ell "#.ti2#R
Ti$a kel2/52k cell junction:
1. occluding junctions: i-e- tight junctions + ;a#@a Certe4rate
%. anchoring junctions
A - 4erikata# 'e#$a# Eila/i# akti#
i. sel-sel - (mis. Adhesion belts)
i. sel-E*M - !/is- focal contacts)
0E*LIELE(- L.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB%i clia 9
,
#a." o) rill j.ccior. %ha chrcc it-ichrc"rBsi ..irrcc chi(i,i a hBo.
a l.c.r o) the c,rcc m(t i!."ci. a) rdl j.a(ro. laciicsc ch/r ).aim0 OrN /BI*
acbQ O$N 3ch.rig j.scioQ $.N r"rimmicio j.ccia.
B. -4erikata# 'e#$a# Eila/e# i#ter/e'iat
i. sel-sel !'es/2s2/%
i. sel-/atriks !;e/i'es/2s2/%
3. Communicating junction
a. a! junctions
. Chemical s"na!ses
a. 3las/2'es/ata !5a'a t/4;a#%
LT5ii#
lowialAitliiliit,.
0))
"
a
;ti/ilkiar Tra/
-
A#al1+/A 3rt#a'al
+ +))
A/i#2I kikti$ 5r2k're-
k- 3I= #a
M**
Ma$#a
rBrit.ri 8
i4%Ar/;2rti Ell LEK I
!a% G..rtrikalti$
is i
#2
li'l2
#
Ti$;t F#.ti2#s 1 /e#$;4#$ka# /4r 5las/a sel @$ 4erse4ela;a#
1. 4arier selektiE 5er/ea4ilitas1/e/5erta;a#ka# 5er4e'aa#
k2/52sisi .aira# 5a'a sisi sel @a#$ 4er4e'a
1. tra#s/e/4ra# 5r2tei# 1 .la'i# < 2.l'i#
%. E#$si 1 -Me# Fa$s k2/52sisi se#@- 'l/ r2#$$a salra# / l/e#
-Tra#s52rt #trisi se.ara selektiE
Ti$;t F#.ti2# a#tara sel e5itel 4er5era# #tk /e#.e$a; 'iEsi 1
)- 4arrier #tk 'iEsi 5r2tei# /e/4r a#tara '2/ai# a5i.al
'a# /e/4ra# 4as2lateral
B9 ;;D
2- /e#.e$a; ke42.2ra# 3-)
/2lekl lart air
tig*t @ unc t i on
pl as ma
membranes
of ad@acent cells
i nt er cel l ul ar
space
passi!e2glucose carrie protein
basoleteral sur f ace
9;&
9;&
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
7i0're 1?&( "<e role o: ti0<t ,'nctions in transcell'lar transport. !ransport proteins are confined to different regions of t<e
plasma memrane in epithelial cells of the small intestine. !his segregation permits a vectorial transfer of nutrients across the
epithelial sheet from the gut lumen to the lood. In the example shown, glucose is actively transported into the cell y ,a-&
driven glucose symports at the apical surface, and it diffuses out of the cell y facilitated diffusion mediated y glucose carriers
in the asolateral memrane. !ight .unctions are thought to confine the transport proteins to their appropriate memrane domains
y acting as diffusion arriers within the lipid ilayer of the plasma memrane/ these .unctions also lock the ackflow of glucose from
the asal side of the epithelium into the gut
B9 ;;D
A#.;2ri#$ F#.ti2#s 1
1. 4a#@ak 5a'a sel @a#$ /e#'a5atka# stress /eka#ik ie-klit/2t2t
%. /e#$;4#$ka# sit2skelet sel 'e#$a# sel lai# ata 'e#$a# E*M
A'a 9 Fe#is 1
1. A';ere#s F#.ti2#s + 0ila/e# akti#
%. 4es/2s2/ + Eila/e# i#ter/e'iate
'. He/i'es/2s2/
c yt os + el et al f i l ament s
a n c * o r i n g @ u n c t i o n s
e#tracellular matri#
7i0're 1?&6 Anc<orin0 ,'nctions in an epit<elial tiss'e. 0ighly schematized drawing of how such
.unctions .oin cytoskeletal filaments from cell to cell and from cell to extracellular matrix.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH IT!
actin filaments inside micro!illus
micro!illi e#tending from apical surface
tig*t @unction
bundl e of actin filaments
lateral plasma membranes of ad@acent epit*elial cells
7i0're 11&2 Ad<esion belts bet=een epit<elial cells in t<e sall intestine. !his eltlike anchoring
.unction encircles each of the interacting cells. Its most ovious feature is a contractile undle of
actin filaments running along the cytoplasmic surface of the .unctional plasma memrane. !he
actin filaments are .oined from cell to cell y transmemrane linker proteins +cadherins), whose
extracellular domain hinds to the extracellular domain of an identical cadherin molecule on the
ad.acent cell +see *igure 11&7).
Figure A0'Aburst Bd*ulioniarelitem%*e3cel+adlie3to li+ilim+grai9lib)'( !eil *3S
liecii rtaiuod %is* iluureoeentatib.diamre!eal-l''('2C(i-
)
'+
=ill li'S''')itrr2y)grtcn) and dic integnm (real).*e 9uepiniareb
Plized in small pig*en (*it %topundlu t*e ritc
0
of roalli0 *erionni
(*D.*ecyroplarmicsurlacemylined2betion+ieoli%d op*ibim crll isdro%n *ere
*ri*e innereinfraell t*e membrane %ir
rinirpida"ninen0deinp)eniinely r +) bundles of nibsolibinaema are
gen ronaaarinietei+ i+ innersurfaceof=emeni*meint*eregienn@a S%at inbin+r (al
Salicimilindra%imr of thigIldhsio $niE '')e limric) (o*
ofirogriPgl!*ora%-tlful*rrprotciornnbot*-dern t*e lipid biluyer0
.*e binding of mmelbdui boli+ yell ;3F-- $lld itrunectin0 is l*oug*r
indua
c*anges bi t*e ryillaninie C-=-3-='D of t*e in+grin t*at egg) t*e
inregrinr to become lin+ed rri pplig FC'''=* orr*cey) *E
0
bdrob)
9in+ages %it* -lic
0
)))ycoli+ele+on lead0 ?-- 3=-0 D lb lt*Rling
''''''2't'' =$- 9inbagrr %it* t*ery tus+eleton arc rn eclided by
Gariaila daCn *buf E+ ro+ba)0(' as olio and a0laioin0tbalbind in -li
b ednnlildl*rlmrp= .*e eytor <amnia domain0
ntegrinsarea*uass+<ialed%l*
ed
F$ :i!alioi+inau1)<-<*eat
).*e rac*irenronr*e inre$rin -n
yn t3ifoolbild bgaud can
dicit pmtcin + oases and start o c*in rpo rant t*at tannin gignolo
'''2)2'2?ct''0 HPia -=$= -==''''((2
C--S IS-) di0=*y 'JJA?sK''(=S)"(''<')')DL
=-''2'''' III%- tlI )ht'?.<> 18101..11!0@)li'
iii'iQEAAILIIIII
-
1010115 ''')RuKunlit lbirtssit tenet0))
A';ere#s F#.ti2#s
a';ere#s F#.ti2#s sel/ sel 1
a';esi2# 4elt/:2#la a';ere#s
- 'ekat F#$ a5eks sel, 'i 4aBa; tight junctions#
0ila/e# 1 akti#
- 5r2tei# 5e#$ikat tra#s /e/4ra# 1 .a';eri#+/2l-
a';esi 4er$a#t#$ Ca$% : gen "g /e#$atr R#asi4R
sel
- 5r2tei# 5elekata# i#tra.elllar1 .ate#i#, Ci#.li#, a-
a.ti#i#, 5lat2$l24i#
Cy'(J('
iransmilied
'n -l+ nunieuri
distributionofdesmosomrsand*em-desmounues-n i*eltra*llrilint) he +eratin ;larnrnl --C-&;r+i of
ildireerb contreered rra one anol*cr*roug* dinrnsisurrinS
rains ititini/b +Aunud!snifi3dneS) MAI
a';ere#s F#.ti2#s sel / /atriks1
02.al .2#ta.ts/a';esi2# 5laQes
- 5r2tei# 5e#$ikat tra#s /e/4r1 i#te$ri#!U20%
- 5r2tei# 5elekata# i#trasellar1 tali#,a-a.ti#i#,
Ci#.li#
- 0ila/e# 1 akti#
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
PlaEue containing protein plectin
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
BP'M;
-ntermediate
filaments
space
N'' I34511(1'':6111.111)11.111+178
#tracellular$9->$ 9AN7:61+-)
'('
Basement membrane
$nc*oring filament (9aminin-F)
Collagen
fibers
b) .ype >-- Collagen fibrils
#ig.re 7.1@ Aeidesosoes are differentiated sites at the asal surfaces of
epithelial cells where the cells are attached to the underlying asement memrane. (a)
3lectron micrograph of several hemidesmosomes showing the dense pla4ue on the
inner surface of the plasma memrane and the intermediate filaments pro.ecting
into the cytoplasm. (b) 5chematic diagram showing the ma.or components of a
hemidesmosome connecting the epidermis to the underlying dermis. !he ot,p,
integrin molecules of the epidermal cells are linked to cytoplasmic intermediate
filaments y a protein called plectin that is present in the dark&staining pla4ue and
to the asement memrane y anchoring filaments of a particular type of laminin. A
second transmemrane protein +26127) is also present in hemidesmosomes. !he
collagen fiers arc part of the underlying dermis. +A#
*89: ;9<=>A5 3. ?3>>@, A. B3>> )I9>. %2#C1, 11DD/ )@ B96@8I=0! n-9=1SS-;3 9* !03
89B?3*3>>38 <,IE385I!@ 68355.)
4es/2s2/ ;e/i'es/2s2/1
/e#arik 'a# /e#$ikat sa#$at kat
5e#@e4ara# teka#a# /elali e5itel ke
E*M 'i 4aBa;#@a
2-4es/2s2r#1 sel - sel ,
& a#.;2ri#$ sites #tk Eila/e#
i#ter/e'iate
& tra#s /e/4r li#ker 5r2tei#1
.a';eri#
9-He/i'es/2s2r#1sel- E*M
& 0ila/e# i#ter/e'iate 1 kerati#
& Tra#s/e/4ra# 5r2tei# 1 i#te$ri#
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
itar
- a G 0 I G U R E 2 2 - O S t r . t r e 2 E $ a 5 F # . t i 2 # s - ( a ) - n t * i s m o d e l ) a gap @unction is a cluster of channels etween t%o
plasma membranes t*at are separated by a gap of about ,-O nm) (b) B 2 t ; m e m b r a n e s c o n t a i n c o n n e # i o n n e r n i c * a n n e l s 0
c y l i n d e r s o f si# dumbbell-s*aped conne#in subunits) +c1 ac* conne#in s4#it has four transroembrane ay- *elices .%o conne#ons @oin in t*e gap
bet%een t*e cells to form a gap-@unction c*annel) ')F,)( nm in diameter) t*at connects t*e cytoplasm of t*e t%o cells)
eb:
0 i $ r 7 . ( . ! h e > a c a l i z a t i c n i o f e a t l ; e i r i # s i # s y n a l p r i c . i a t i c t
&
i tts& +ea) ; ne tech n#..gtie to localize a protein
thin a seheel1>lar region is to incuate tissue sections %it* labeled an ri*ndies Fprepared aGgair
&
i,t that proteinG In this electron rraicr
&
o?&rap3t. a section
through a s
&
saapse in a mouse rain has een incuated
antiodies Bhlack grains) a h,ar ind ro a praecadherin. !he protocadhe ri>ocali,ed within the central re&
gion of the si.tiaptie ?inction. +A) GA. model ofa syriapific
in
&
whack&, classical cadherifly&hic- contain five extracellnlat &mains) are situated at the edges of the s.
&
napse where they
&
are tlaouerht to pro&..ide adhesion
herween the nne&& and po.ts1tiapDr. memranesG 6rotric ad en +&which contain six eiciracellulae mains) are present in the center of the synapse
chew are
3l
&
,onni
&
it to nne&&diate speeifielev
&
in the interaction etween the
rwo rare EI<IL,<<7'31
r
-
rr r )()
-
7. )lit rB
-
r' ))
-
7 )
*2//#i.ati#$ "#.ti2#s 1
k2/#ikasi sit25las/a Ia#$s#$ '$# sel sek
Ga5 F#.ti2#s 1 a#tara sel-sel
- tra#s/e/4ra# 5r2tei#1 .2##e72#+t'r
atas 8 .2##e7i#
- 'a5at 'ilali 2le; i2# a#2r$a#ik 'a#
/2lekl lart air M )000 4a, /is-$la
se'er;a#a, as a/i#2
- /e#@a/5aika# si#@al elektris 'a#
ki/iaBi 1 /is kersaka# sel < si#a5s
3' t/4;a# 1 5las/2'es/ata
S@#a5ti. F#.ti2#
- sel saraE
- 'i5era#tarai 2le; 5r2t2.a';eri#
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
S//ar@ 1 "#.ti2# eit #2# F#.ti2#
7 i 0 l i r p
,
1 9 & ( R A s //a r @ o : t <e
1111.111.1
,.'.
611; BS-;3
i #t e$ral
/e/4ra#e
5r2te2$l@.a# i#te$ri#s
' e s /2 s 2 /e !.a';eri#sV
'
) $a5 F#.ti2# i .2##e7i #s%
; e /i ' e s r # 2 s 2 /e E 2 . a l . 2 # t a . t !Erite$ri#s% !i#te$ri#s%
i#ter/e'iate Ei l a/e#ts
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
, 'nc t i o na l a nd no n, 'nc t i onal ad<esi)e ec<aniss 'sed b* anial cells in bindin0
to one anot<er and to t<e e8tracell'lar atri8. !he .unctional mechanisms are shown in epithelial cells,
while the non.unctional mechanisms are shown in nonepithelial cells. A .unctional interaction is operationally defined
as one that can e seen as a specialized region of contact y conventional andHor freeze&fracture electron microscopy.
,ote that the integrins and cadherins are involved in oth non.unctional and .unctional cell&cell +cadherins) and cell&
matrix +integrins) contacts. !he cadherins generally mediate homophilic interactions, whereas the integrins mediate
heterophilic interactions +see *igure 11&%D). )oth the cadherins and integrins act as transmemrane linkers and
depend on extracellular divalent cations to function/ for this reason, most cell&cell and cell&matrix contacts are
divalent&cationdependent. !he selectins and integrins can also act as heterophilic cell&cell adhesion molecules# the
selectins ind to carohydrate, while the cell&inding integrins ind to memers of the immunogloulin superfamily.
!he integrins and integral memrane proteoglycans
that mediate non.unctional adhesion to the extracellular matrix are discussed later.
E7tra.ellllar /atri7
9amm
Proteoglycan
Fibronectin
P!%I)))
tpilip
i
P0 elk. onoQ
)'//#iggiii,isiononsinto*(omiriiii,Isl
o
tt
(
11 @
" rof)/'''0'
1
'
" ? 10'0
'''
<(
'
1. LL es
)))
,
))
1 !lo
li
-
1
1
B3
ia It IC )))) 1$ (1))1)))))1+ ))+"
<<< e#+ i<!t"
,k ))
'16+1 =+
o
i
J 1 . 1 K 1
Figure A)F $n o!er!ie% of t*e macromolecular organization oldie e#tracellular matri#) .*e proteins and polysacc*arides s*o%n m t*is
illustration %ill *e discussed in t*e follo%ing sections) .*e proteins depicted (ti*roneetin0 collagen0 and
lamirin)
contain binding sites t*e one anot*er0 as %ell as binding silo ft receptors (integrins) t*at are located at t*e cell surface) .*e pro
teogl!cans are *uge protein-polysacc*aride completes t*at 3) copy muc* of t*e !olume of t*e e#tracellular
space)
" sat /atriks 'i lar sel
@a#$ 4er4atasa# 'e#$a#
/e/4ra# 5las/a-
" /ateri 5e#$e/as @a#$ i#ert
" E*M e$- Te#'2#, tla#$ l#ak,
str2/a k2r#ea
" 4er5era# 'ala/ /e#e#tka#
4e#tk 'a# aktiCitas sel-
" /e/5erta;a#ka# k2#'isi sel
@a#$ tela; ter'iEere#siasi
'a# /e/5erta;a#ka#
ke/a/5a# sel #tk
/e#$;asilka# 5r2'k#@a
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
!asal ebran "!M#$
9aminin
ntestin
$ F-5:R ,,-,( =odel of t*e 4asal la/i#a- 3- D- Yr.;e#.2 a#' " * S.;itt#@, )LL0, FASO J. 4: )5((-)5L0)
(P =:$da
iat pit*elial s*eer
9:=3
Basal lamina
Connecti!e ties >ie
Connecti!e tisa#e Basal lem=a =uscle cell Plasm
pit*elial .ell
a membrane
Basal laming
9el /idney glomarulue
ndot*elial eel
B9(((
:R-3
$ 0IGURE 22-2) 6r$a#i:ati2# 2E t;e 4asal la/i#a i# 'iEEere#t tissues) la0 4i T;e basal laminae associated %it* endot*elial cells and muscle cells separate t*ese cells from t*e
underlying or surrounding connecti!e tissueR (c) -n t*e +idney g9ernerulus0 bot* t*e endot*elium lining t*e capillanes and t*e epit*elium li#i#$ t;e urinary space form a basal
lamina) T;s t*e fused basal
lamina bet%een t*em is about t%ice as t*ic+ as t*at in ot*er tissues) Because bot* cell s*eets *a!e gaps in t*em0 t*is basal lamina is e#posed to bot* t*e blood and t;e ri#e
ape#es and acts to filter capillary blood0 forming in t*e urinary space a filtrate t*at ultimately becomes %ine) $dapted from B $lberts at al)0 'JJ20 Molecular Biology of the Cell, 9'
a', 5arland) p J(J'
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2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB