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Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics Instructor S Manual

This document provides an instructor's manual for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics". It includes sample exercises and solutions for topics covered in the chapter, such as systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, vectors, and distances between vectors. The exercises demonstrate how to set up and solve systems of equations in matrix form, perform matrix operations like addition and multiplication, define vectors and vector expressions, and calculate distances between vectors.

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bonadie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
626 views

Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics Instructor S Manual

This document provides an instructor's manual for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics". It includes sample exercises and solutions for topics covered in the chapter, such as systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, vectors, and distances between vectors. The exercises demonstrate how to set up and solve systems of equations in matrix form, perform matrix operations like addition and multiplication, define vectors and vector expressions, and calculate distances between vectors.

Uploaded by

bonadie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics

Instructor;s Manual

CHAPTER 4
Exercise 4.1
1.

Coe

Qd

Qs

Qd

+bP
Qs

dP

cient M atrix:

Vector of Constants:

=0

=a

2.
Qd1

Qs1

=0

Qd1
Qs1
Qd2

a1 P1

a2 P2

= a0

b1 P1

b2 P2

= b0

Qs2

=0

Qd2
Qs2
Coe

cient m atrix:

1 P1

2 P2

1 P1

2 P2

Variable vector:

Constant vector:

1 0

Qd1

0 0

a1

a2

Qs1

a0

1 0

b1

b2

Qd2

b0

0 1

Qs2

0 1

P1

0 0

P2

3. No, because the equation system is nonlinear


4.
Y

bY + C

= I0 + G0
= a

The coe cient matrix and constant vector are


1

I0 + G0

13

Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics

5. First expand the multiplicative expression (b(Y


that bY and

Instructor;s Manual

T ) into the additive expression bY

bT can be placed in separate columns. Then we can write the system as


Y

bY

+bT

tY

+T

+C

= I0 + G0
=a
=d

Exercise 4.2

1.

(a)

7 3

(b)

9 7

(c)

21

18

27

(d)

16

22

24

2.
28 64
(a) Yes AB =

. No, not conformable.

13 8
(b) Both are dened, but BC =

14

6= CB =

69 30
1
5

3. Yes. BA =

3+
2
5

12
10
1
5

0
28
10

3
5

2+

6
10
3
5

20 16
21 24
1 0 0

14
10

0 1 0

6
2
0 0 1
0
5
10
Thus we happen to have AB = BA in this particular case.

0
4.

(a)

36 20
16

4
10

(b)

49 3
4 3

3x + 5y

(c)

4x + 2y

(22)

(d)
7z

(21)

(32)

5. Yes. Yes.

Yes. Yes.

6.
(a) x2 + x3 + x4 + x5
(b) a5 + a6 x6 + a7 x7 + a8 x8
(c) b(x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
(d) a1 x0 + a2 x1 + + an xn

= a1 + a2 x + a3 x2 + + an xn
14

7a + c 2b + 4c
(12)

bT so

Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics

Instructor;s Manual

(e) x2 + (x + 1)2 + (x + 2)2 + (x + 3)2


7.

(a)

3
P

ixi (xi

1)

(b)

i=1

8.
(a)
(b)

n
P

4
P

ai (xi+1 + i)

(c)

i=2

xi

i=1

n
P

i=1

1
xi

+ xn+1 = x0 + x1 + + xn + xn+1 =
n
X

abj yj

(d)

n
P

i=0

n+1
P

1
xi

xi

i=1

= ab1 y1 + ab2 y2 + + abn yn

j=1

= a(b1 y1 + b2 y2 + + bn yn ) = a

n
X

bj yj

j=1

(c)
n
X
(xj + yj ) = (x1 + y1 ) + (x2 + y2 ) + + (xn + yn )
j=1

= (x1 + x2 + + xn ) + (y1 + y2 + + yn )
n
n
X
X
=
xj +
yj
j=1

j=1

Exercise 4.3
1.
5
0

(a) uv =

1
3
5

(b) uw0 =

1
3
x1

(c) xx =

x2
x3

(d) v u =

3 1

3 1

h
h

5 7 8

x1

x2

x3

15 5

35 25 40
=

21 15 24

x21

x1 x2

x1 x3

x2 x1

x22

x2 x3

x3 x1

x3 x2

x23

5
1

= [15 + 1

3] = [44] = 44

3
15

Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics

(e) u v =

(f) w x =

(g) u0 u =

(h) x x =

h
h
h
h

7 5 8

5 1 3

x1

5 1 3

x2

x3

Instructor;s Manual

= [15 + 1

3] = 13

1
x1
= [7x1 + 5x2 + 8x3 ] = 7x1 + 5x2 + 8x3

x2
x3
5

= [25 + 1 + 9] = [35] = 35

1
3

x1

P
= x21 + x22 + x23 =
x2i

x2

i=1

x3

2.
(a) All are dened except w0 x and x0 y 0 .
x1

(b) xy 0 =

xy 0 =

x2
h

zz 0 =

yw0 =

y1

y2

z1

z2
y1

y1

y2

y1

z1

z2

x1 y2

x2 y1

x2 y2

= y12 + y22

y2
i

3 2 16

y2
x y = x1 y1 + x2 y2

x1 y1

z12

z1 z2

z2 z1

z22

3y1

2y1

16y1

3y2

2y2

16y2

3.
(a)

n
P

Pi Qi

i=1

(b) Let P and Q be the column vectors or prices and quantities, respectively. Then the total
revenue is P Q or P 0 Q or Q0 P .

16

Chiang/Wainwright: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics

Instructor;s Manual

4.
(a) w10 w2 = 11 (acute angle, Fig. 4.2c)
(b) w10 w2 =

11 (obtuse angle, Fig. 4.2d)

(c) w10 w2 =

13 (obtuse angle, Fig. 4.2b)

(d) w10 w2 = 0 (right angle, Fig. 4.3)


(e) w10 w2 = 5 (acute angle, Fig. 4.3)
5.

(a) 2v =

(b) u + v =

6
(d) v u =

(c) u

v=

4
5

(e) 2u + 3v =

(a) 4e1 + 7e2

(b) 25e1

(c)

(d) 2e1 + 8e3

e1 + 6e2 + 9e3

5
2

10

(f) 4u

2v =

20
2

11

2
6.

2e2 + e3

7.
p
(3
p
(b) d = (9
(a) d =

0)2 + (2 + 1)2 + (8
2)2 + 0 + (4 + 4)2 =

5)2 =

27

113

8. When u, v, and w all lie on a single straight line.


9. Let the vector v have the elements (a1 , . . . , an ). The point of origin has the elements (0, . . . , 0).
Hence:
(a)

d(0, v) = d(v, 0)

(b) d(v, 0) = (v 0 v)1/2

p
(a1 0)2 + . . . + (an
p
= a21 + . . . + a2n
=

0)2

[See Example 3 in this section]

(c) d(v, 0) = (v v)1/2


Exercise 4.4
1.
(a) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C) =

17

11 17
17

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