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    Bioenergetics & ATP: After This Section You Should Be Able To

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    Dean Mante
    This document discusses bioenergetics and ATP. It begins by listing learning objectives about determining reaction direction based on ΔG, calculating ΔG under non-standard conditions, and factors that influence reaction rates. It then discusses how ΔG and equilibrium relate to reaction direction, and how unfavorable reactions can be made favorable. It explains that ATP is highly energetic because ATP hydrolysis is exergonic, providing energy as it transfers phosphoryl groups from high-energy reactants to more stable products.

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    Bioenergetics & ATP: After This Section You Should Be Able To

    Uploaded by

    Dean Mante
    18 views22 pages
    This document discusses bioenergetics and ATP. It begins by listing learning objectives about determining reaction direction based on ΔG, calculating ΔG under non-standard conditions, and factors that influence reaction rates. It then discusses how ΔG and equilibrium relate to reaction direction, and how unfavorable reactions can be made favorable. It explains that ATP is highly energetic because ATP hydrolysis is exergonic, providing energy as it transfers phosphoryl groups from high-energy reactants to more stable products.

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    biochem

    Original Title

    Topic+6_Bioenergetics_ATP

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    This document discusses bioenergetics and ATP. It begins by listing learning objectives about determining reaction direction based on ΔG, calculating ΔG under non-standard conditions, and factors that influence reaction rates. It then discusses how ΔG and equilibrium relate to reaction direction, and how unfavorable reactions can be made favorable. It explains that ATP is highly energetic because ATP hydrolysis is exergonic, providing energy as it transfers phosphoryl groups from high-energy reactants to more stable products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views22 pages

    Bioenergetics & ATP: After This Section You Should Be Able To

    Uploaded by

    Dean Mante
    This document discusses bioenergetics and ATP. It begins by listing learning objectives about determining reaction direction based on ΔG, calculating ΔG under non-standard conditions, and factors that influence reaction rates. It then discusses how ΔG and equilibrium relate to reaction direction, and how unfavorable reactions can be made favorable. It explains that ATP is highly energetic because ATP hydrolysis is exergonic, providing energy as it transfers phosphoryl groups from high-energy reactants to more stable products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    Bioenergetics & ATP

    (Ch. 1.3, 13.1, 13.3)


    After this section you should be able to:
    Predict the direction of a chemical reaction under standard
    conditions based on G
    o
    or K
    eq
    Calculate G under non-standard directions
    Describe the factors that alter the G of a reaction
    Calculate the G of a coupled reaction
    Describe what happens when a reaction is in equilibrium
    Distinguish factors that influence the direction of a reaction
    from factors that influence rate of the reaction
    2 Questions for a Chemical Reaction
    1) In which direction will it proceed?
    2) At what rate will it proceed?
    +
    Group Activity
    Spontaneous
    Nonspontaneous
    +G
    -G
    Slow
    Fast
    Will proceed to the left
    Will proceed to the right
    Energetically Favorable
    Energetically Unfavorable
    Endergonic
    Exergonic
    Determine which of these words
    correctly describe each graph to the left?
    1) How is the G and equilibrium related to the
    direction of a reaction?
    2) How can unfavorable reactions be made favorable?
    3) Why is ATP so full of energy?
    Three Main Questions:
    1. Determining rxn direction:
    equilibrium & G
    H: reflects that number of kinds of bonds in the
    reactants and products
    S: randomness / disorder of the system
    G: free energy change
    - G: _______________
    + G: _______________
    G represents the free energy change
    G = H - TS
    All reactions proceed spontaneously
    toward lower free energy (-G)
    G is independent of reaction path
    A+B
    C+D A+B
    C+D
    A + B
    A + B
    A + B
    C + D
    C + D
    C + D
    G = G
    products
    - G
    reactants
    How do we calculate G?
    G = G+ RT ln
    [C]
    c
    [D]
    d
    [A]
    a
    [B]
    b
    G= -RT ln K
    eq
    How do we determine G
    o
    ?
    Unique constant for each reaction: the driving force
    toward equilibrium
    How do we define the point of equilibrium?
    Determined under standard conditions (
    o
    ):
    298 K (25C)
    All reactants start at 1M
    All products start at 1 M
    pH = 7
    aA + bB <-----> cC + dD
    K

    eq
    = [C]
    c
    [D]
    d
    [A]
    a
    [B]
    b
    How do we determine K
    eq
    ?
    G= -RT ln K
    eq
    eq eq
    eq eq
    Clicker/Group Question
    Part 1: For the above reaction the equilibrium concentrations are:
    [Glucose] = 5 mM; [P
    i
    ] = 1 mM; [Glucose 6-phosphate] = 18.5 M
    What is the value of G? Will this reaction proceed under
    standard conditions?
    a) G = -13.8 kJ/mol; yes it will proceed
    b) G = +13.8 kJ/mol; yes it will proceed
    c) G = 0; no, this reaction is at equilibrium
    d) G = -13.8 kJ/mol; no it will not proceed
    e) G = +13.8 kJ/mol; no it will not proceed
    Part 2: Brainstorm with your neighbors: what can be altered to
    make this reaction more favorable?
    +
    Standard conditions arent actual conditions
    How do Actual Conditions Differ?
    G = G
    o
    + RT ln
    [C]
    c
    [D]
    d
    [A]
    a
    [B]
    b
    Concentrations of [A], [B], [C], and [D]
    differ from the standard 1M
    G = G + RT ln Q
    2. How can unfavorable
    reactions be made favorable?
    1.
    Dihydroxyacetone phosphate <--------------> glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
    nutrients
    waste
    G
    o
    = +7 kJ/mol
    1M
    G = ?
    1M
    10 mM
    0.1 mM
    2.
    +
    G(kJ/mol)
    +13.8 kJ/mol
    -30.5 kJ/mol
    ATP ADP +
    Glycolysis Under Actual Conditions
    3. Why is ATP so full of
    energy?
    Reactant instability
    Product stablility
    Value of Q
    ATP hydrolysis is exergonic
    ATP provides energy by group transfers
    Questions
    What happens if a molecule has a higher energy of
    hydrolysis than ATP for phosphoryl groups?
    What special ability would these molecules have?
    Phosphoryl-group Transferability

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