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    Ccna Subnetting

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    SrimannarayanaJamili
    Subnet masks define the boundaries between the network and host portions of an IP address. They are used to determine which devices can communicate on a local network versus across network boundaries. There are different subnet mask structures for class A, B, and C IP addresses. The network address is the starting IP that defines a network boundary, while the broadcast address is the ending IP - all devices with IPs between these can communicate locally. Subnetting is used to logically break a major network into smaller subnets to reduce IP address waste. It involves increasing the network bits in the subnet mask to create more networks with fewer available hosts per network. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows different subnet masks within the same network, enabling even more efficient use

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    Ccna Subnetting

    Uploaded by

    SrimannarayanaJamili
    144 views6 pages
    Subnet masks define the boundaries between the network and host portions of an IP address. They are used to determine which devices can communicate on a local network versus across network boundaries. There are different subnet mask structures for class A, B, and C IP addresses. The network address is the starting IP that defines a network boundary, while the broadcast address is the ending IP - all devices with IPs between these can communicate locally. Subnetting is used to logically break a major network into smaller subnets to reduce IP address waste. It involves increasing the network bits in the subnet mask to create more networks with fewer available hosts per network. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows different subnet masks within the same network, enabling even more efficient use

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    how to subnetting in class a b and c

    Original Title

    ccna-subnetting

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    Subnet masks define the boundaries between the network and host portions of an IP address. They are used to determine which devices can communicate on a local network versus across network boundaries. There are different subnet mask structures for class A, B, and C IP addresses. The network address is the starting IP that defines a network boundary, while the broadcast address is the ending IP - all devices with IPs between these can communicate locally. Subnetting is used to logically break a major network into smaller subnets to reduce IP address waste. It involves increasing the network bits in the subnet mask to create more networks with fewer available hosts per network. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows different subnet masks within the same network, enabling even more efficient use

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    144 views6 pages

    Ccna Subnetting

    Uploaded by

    SrimannarayanaJamili
    Subnet masks define the boundaries between the network and host portions of an IP address. They are used to determine which devices can communicate on a local network versus across network boundaries. There are different subnet mask structures for class A, B, and C IP addresses. The network address is the starting IP that defines a network boundary, while the broadcast address is the ending IP - all devices with IPs between these can communicate locally. Subnetting is used to logically break a major network into smaller subnets to reduce IP address waste. It involves increasing the network bits in the subnet mask to create more networks with fewer available hosts per network. Variable length subnet masking (VLSM) allows different subnet masks within the same network, enabling even more efficient use

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    Subnet Mask Value:

    Subnet mask value defines properties of IP Address to which it


    can communicate and to which it can not
    Subnet mask value defines Network component and host
    component of an IP address
    Ip address uses subnet mask to find out boundaries of network
    Subnet mask value is a driver of IP address
    Network Bits are always represented with
    !ost bits are always represented with "
    Subnet Mask Structure:
    #lass A Subnet Mast structure
    N$!$!$!
    $""""""""$""""""""$""""""""
    %&&$"$"$"
    #lass B Subnet Mask Structure
    N$N$!$!
    $$""""""""$""""""""
    #lass # Subnet Mast Structure
    N$N$N$!
    $$$""""""""
    %&&$%&&$%&&$"
    'hat is Network Address
    Network Address is the identification address for all the systems in the
    network
    (he systems with same network address can communicate with each
    other
    Systems with different network addresses can not communicate
    )enerally
    'hat is Broadcast Address
    Broadcast Address is used to deliver a broadcast messa)e to all the
    computers in the network
    (he systems with same network address can have same broadcast
    address
    All the systems in between Network address and broadcast address
    form a lo)ical network to communicate with each other$
    note:Network Address and Broad cast Address are the boundaries of a
    network$ (hey can*t be assi)ned to computers
    !ow to find out Network Address
    Identify class of IP address and Subnet mask Structure$
    +eplace host portion with *"*,or-
    Perform a lo)ical AN. operation between IP Address and subnet mask
    value
    !ow to find out Broadcast Address
    Identify class of Ip Address and Subnet mask Structure
    +eplace !ost portion with %&&
    perform a lo)ical /+ operation between IP Address and inverse
    Subnetmask value
    01:
    "$2&$%%3$4
    N$!$!$!
    Network Address5"$"$"$"
    Broadcast Address5"$%&&$%&&$%&&
    6%$%&$4$78
    N$N$!$!
    Network address56%$%&$"$"
    Broadcast Address56%$%&$%&&$%&&
    4%$82$""$""
    N$N$N$!
    Network Address54%$82$""$"
    Broadcast Address54%$82$""$%&&
    IP address +elated /r)ani9ations:
    IANA:internet Assi)ned Numbers Authority
    I#ANN:Internet #orporation for Assi)ned Numbers and names
    Private IP Address:
    (he IP addresses not routable in public network
    ;sed to communicate within private network
    Internet access is not possible with private ip address
    .efined in +<# 42
    #lassA "$"$"$":"$%&&$%&&$%&&
    #lass B 6%$8$"$":6%$3$%&&$%&&
    #lass # 4%$82$"$":4%$82$%&&$%&&
    Special IP addresses:
    Network is reserved for default routin)$ #annot assi)ned to systems
    %6$"$"$" Network is reserved for loop back purpose ,NI# dia)nosis-
    #lass . Networks are reserved for multicastin)$ Not for systems
    #lass 0 Networks are reserved for +esearch and .evelopment$ Not for
    systems
    Subnettin)
    'hat is subnettin)=
    >o)ically breakin) the ma?or network into smaller networks:subnets
    Advanta)e of subnettin)
    +educe wasta)e of ip address
    Subnettin) Procedure:
    Increase network bits in the subnet mask value from left to ri)ht
    Subnettin) formulae:

    No$ of networks 5 %pwer n
    N5increased network bits
    No$ of !osts per network 5,% power !-:%
    !5remainin) host bits
    Subnettin) Methods:
    Subnettin) can be done in two ways
    Based on No$of Networks
    Based on No$ of !osts
    Subnettin) #alculations:
    Based on No$ of Networks:
    Identify re@uired No$ of subnets
    +efer % power chart
    Identify N value
    Increast the bits in the subnetmask value
    Identify ! value
    <ind out new subnet mask value
    <ind out No$ of subnets and No$ of hosts
    Subtract new subnet mask value from %&&$%&&$%&&$%&&
    <ind out network address and Broadcast address of all
    subnets
    Based on No$ of hosts:
    o Identify re@uired No$ of hosts per subnet
    o +efer % power hart
    o Identify ! value
    o Increase the bits in the subnetmask value
    o Identify N value
    o <ind out new subnet mask value
    o <ind out No$of subnets and No$of hosts
    o Subtract new subnet mask value form %&&$%&&$%&&$%&&
    o <ind out network address and Broadcast address of all subnets
    01ercise:
    .ivide 4%$82$""$" into 7 subnets
    .ivide "$"$"$" into " subnets
    .ivide 6%$8$"$"$ into 8 subnets
    .ivide 4%$82$""$" into subnets with %2 hosts
    .ivide "$"$"$" into subnets with 7""" hosts
    .ivide 6%$8$"$" into subnets &"" hosts
    V>SM
    'hat is vlsm
    Variable length subnet Mask
    Also called as subnetting of subnetting
    Subnetting is used to break the network equally
    If these networks are subneetted again, different subnets may have different
    subnet mask values, also called as Variable length subnet masks
    With vlsm, IP addressing scheme is used more efficiently without wastage
    Subnetting and VSM com!arisions
    Subnetting VSM
    "reaking netwok equally "reaking network unequally
    Sub#netting Subnetting of subnetting
    $as same subnet mask value $as different subnet mask values
    %educe IP wastage %educe IP wastage more effectively
    &esign IP address scheme for the network with '()*'+,*'*-
    "ranch' '-' hosts
    "ranch ) )+ hosts
    "ranch . ),hosts
    "ranch'#) wan link ) hosts
    "ranch )#. wan link ) hosts
    "ranch .#' wan link ) hosts

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