Biomaterials Exam
Biomaterials Exam
Biomaterials Exam
BME310Exam 1
3/5/ 12
8:00 - 9:55a
PIs:
>1 178
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1. Draw atypical tensile stress-strain curve for a metal (2 pIS) . Indicate where you would
calculate the elastic modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and fracture stress (4
pts). Draw whatthe curve would look like for ametal implantthathadbeen in the body
for 15 years and wasaboutto fracture.(2 pIS)
"he
I';:> "crt
L-___________.) """..h 0'.;
It>:>\'0t(){\..e -\0 \-\\ eJd
f. .,\r'<b It(0 o'\rn<l.,t-
\.in/? 0
Cb r;tfj e. .
2. For the two metals below which do you think has the higher a) corrosionresistance, b)
yieldstress,andc)graindensity. (3 pts)
Method B
.. .'
."
Method A
2
'l dt
of(a() a)purel
Y
elasticmaterialand (b)apurelyviscous
wmg : E=sin oot (4pts)
b) '"
0:-
/
o..",d e (0.\ In Q4d,\\on e 'l1e
tal
':.
ho.ve. thQ \hE> ? rnQ.V'I1I?I\+ ?\Q:,tic
IJ(ll1o"+ trod\lr-e). 'Oo.:,eO 0.11 \If\d- cell -\I'(lj
(Qf\ for"" tOM\,Ie,l( o"d a..-t o.r .
fC-<.\ted -;,\N)t.tv'l . . ond t'f.p%h'1S
l
l
1 f
O'l?(6c.. ,."I ./ ('J.{
a Ex I' Ii . . . . bl'iHIe.
. th
P
am on the UnIt cell mceramicsthatresults in t, mbeing 8lletile-
ra erthan (3 pts) /
o..<e br-.:H1e on lheir- oliieLhOflo.
l
COo'\,,-
bondt.. The eecl +0 rno-Cn+o.((\
o.J Q"J tll'l1e dve *0 tho.t tl-le
J
QIt. dep{l" d8'ld 0" tI1e
or The ot +he.. ion -end ph't\"tl.(l)l
S\X.Q ot +he 10.(\ . Tn,::, I:;' ba.::.ed 0" the I'O.dli of
+he l()..\-lOn!> ond ) in rc < 1'0.. .
3
D"w, DSC roc,,olym"'ow""'o,<ii,I,."""rT,MdToo. (4,.)
a. Draw a second curve for the same type ofpolymer but with a higher number
average molecularweight(makesureany differences betweenthe two curves are
obvious). (4 pts)
"1 /
fI'\
T
4
- -
Explainthedifference between M, and Mw? (2 pts)
('mol@ frou-,of\
t\1\ 2x, tI, Ii.,"'" Z10, N\
l.)!l"cAe..... lo.r- 1.) ",el..'3h>r flGL.+i:OO
IUt\Q'nt W L '-
U _ mo'.-?,,,\.o.r- '''-
. : .-"" 00, - z!U,
x, \ 0{ .J
.., -'0\molE";) L7 +o-tot41-\T
_ LJ ::. NI1'1;
lin dep\?ndb on moletro.Ui()J'l) orlihe fl'Ol.t\of)
a. Whatanalysistechniquecould youusetodetermine M.?(2 pts)
-1\J"tl-fu.t
9. What analysis technique could you use t9 determine the unit cell structure in a
metal?(1 pts) /
r dq-\f'O.l.ho .
10.Whatanalysis technique could you useto determine the concentration ofsolution
containingjustasingleprotein?(1 pts)
o
11. Draw a typical stress-strain curve for apolymer. (4pts). Draw bow the curve would be
different ifthe test was performed at a strain rate that does not allow for the polymer
chainsto orientinthedirectionofthe load (3 pIs).
e5'rroO'l
lne ton\) T_
b.-I-\Ie(L)
(l"I...,,+.... cl.e.(0..-"o.l-tOf\ 11..) 0."d eto.tr+;t \">''Il"'et'::>
(. - WI! ill)
JI
L-______________:)
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12. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of tbe following material classes for
applicationas avasculargraft.
o
o
(
(
d. Elastomers(2pts)
to.n de.(ottn o.\- lou) 'i> rQ.'n
e
Lan +he hOme
(..om):>Of)(If)\-t>
13. What bappens to !be diffusion of vacancies as metals are processed at higher
temperatures?(2 pts)
ihe ro-1e inLrtO,:>eb with +11(> 1 mpero.+v..-e
c,nd +hl':) 0 ba.oed 0" tile D"Do e- %) r" oddi110"
the I \) bet.>een ,"",0\.0.,... fw-\' Q",d
,.,...d due. vibM+i"8 ITi Q!;. wellQ<:> the rote.o./dIHv;IOII .
14.Tbe characteristic time ofdiffusion is used to provide an orderofmagnitudeanalysis for
bow long a diffusive process takes. Provide an equation for the calculation of tbe
characteristictime ofdiffusion(defineallparameters in!beequation)(4pts).
\()f)
6
I
JL
J
- ditfv..,iOI)
n F\ -
IS. Cancationsoranionst:: rrrl i terstitials in ceramics? :'hy?(3 pts)
Tne to.*,ant> n no-v-e fa""'" 1merc,htGl ed
01\ -Ihe.tl" omoII yeo II") o.ddlHOI\ t'h-j! a.nion!> tannof
form fho",e of de(ed'o bewu':>e art ,hei 1':> rt0,ve lo.')l'f
7
SLte .1'1\e 'flLrW!>IO'l8 luthe.. would be +hah
wIll flO\- allOw for- tl\,'V In a.ddl'hofl defetk,
1O.MOt ort!!>eM bo.'oed 0(\ HIett' Aellh .
,,,,,.\>,1'1\,1.0-. II no\- vo...o.nIY Ol ho<.; ;()f1b o.te ,
16. What are me three steps 10 addlllon polymerization? (3 pts) Outside ofthe monomer
specIeswhatadditionalchemicalspeciesis neededfor additionpolymenzation?(2pts)
1'hfte /
/ .'''1(l-iCl..hO,v:( /' '''e \0\ \ \0.-\01" ,!> needeJ tha.+-
. ,. Y i foc-rt'It> or-- free
S
" v
f'o.ot\.O.\ '/
. ter "",1110."1 n
17. Compareand contrastbulkand solutionpolymerization(4pts).
bvl\.l. \X>\Yl'ICriko.HOf) \-.o."e COmpor:H?nHl o..e
(bOl"en+) o."d r'l1uncmlll' !>oluble ''1,h.a.\-iOt (or- co.-\o..\,\\';)+), '" -the
tn(> rwl.hon(:> +&I.te plo..('Q In wa.h/'
Or thermo.\ ao!dlH(YIj
+h-e mO(lomOI' 0.,,0 \ n;HI).\-o1' /lGl\-a.
I
'4,<>t IY\ I):.t bQ.
i1\ +hp ,hebvlloc. no.ve h'<3
h
OO'ld
Q.Vld \'he LOfIlel'n {';) hGt In the SOluho0
pol'i\
r
ner-{'(,O.\-iof'1 -\'he nea.\- \'0-\\0(\ ed bv+ lower-
f& Q"do.ddtl,, \ol11O-l +0 remove :)olver'lf- (';) rln\J\ruJ
. o-.. o!,o\"e",t be Wb
il
'1l 19<ov .-.oAole .,.
18. Exp ammostpolymersusedpolymers in biomedicalapplications exhibitaT thatis well
belowbodytemperatureandTm thatiswellabove bodytemperature. (4pts) g
T"e {or- I';) below p 4-ne
the movemOl\+ I':> lower- -) the ,!:>
loweI' . It\ o.doldiofl +he below
o-tt 1l1e: 1m IS o:'oovl! Pl'le
\1\ Ihe below Tn rt l':> (\0 V,!>lOoJ';, fl.o..u -tho..t-
. ."
\lri!" p,,+ e OHY\ iOt., .'l'he I"" it> \.:>91\ o.OOvP 4he
o..W be1ou..) ,\- IYlO,tQI'to.\ ,f) oN:lert...cl C>.l'\d C\9 to;,
0. -.ol.:.d the>t (.0.", 1'tIa."-1l 1"0+ J
In odd.'Ho" lhf! . bQ.low the8N)..iI\ fuir61'Ce!> exl[:)t.
I\no a.bove \"" \hE' COil Qlff'wrne E'n J'l., NI,.;
--
BME310
Exam 2
4/ 18112
Name: lI.c:,o, e;,z.1U.. ~ \ c c X .
PIs: ili
70
1
7
I. Inflammation often alte.rs pH in.the environment. Use regions of tbe Pourbaix ",tc..
diagram to eJ<phI:in ,why mfl ammallon around amatenalmay ll1f1ucncc the
resistanceofamaterial. (3 pts) -:::..---- ,)
"'e ."d, .,ded 1Ia.+ I'ttC\cch -he (O,tO '> 10,,.
In Ulhtdl IC-' tI 0/ mei....I't>
iOt\!> <Ire {Ow no In i001 I\'l
2.) imll'll/ne- 1101 tD.velKl.b1e fO" Me.to.l+o
I
(0.11 ed tot\\od;C
3) _ ""- io.le leo&.> 10 -he forma1-ion oj
c. ,>o\ ld (00.-1:. .\0
Ine. me- ot "e''"'<:I el' (<00'>10 ..t. er<Je
a. Interstitial fluid often provides the corresponding reductlOn reaction 'd
requiredfor oxidation ofametal implantafter implantationin vivo. What
is tbe typical reduction reaction at neutral pH and in the presence of
dissolvedoxygen. (2 pts)
OJ. e- -") (DH")
deuto..e
b. What is the reduction reaction when there is an H!6F@aSe in pH during
inflammation. (2 pts).
QedVl.
4
\On Ib \One" i;, ot- the
c'.1 e...ll'G-lb ()."d i\) I-o.k o.\- <D1-ha:le
0,1. -l 4ft 4e- -).2 \>re.e",'e Ot 4')
:tH i 4 3.e - -)"... oj 0 ... )
2. What is the primary advantage ofeleclrospinning relative to other fiber spinning
technologies? (2 pts)
,,) I:> V'.>Ed fo.-
::> Co." aLiI\eve+he
Qb teN
2
Co
5. Explainwhatyouwould expectto occurifyouimplantametallicbiomaterialthatisa
combi nation oftwo metalsthat arefarapartonthe galvanicseri es. (3 pts)
"ot
T\'\e IS hOu.level' p-ov,de" file
<?I
oodT
t-IOl'lIe (I\tormot.()() hwthe \"11e.+oc:, be-hew".
mo.+/X,:> that a.-e. for- rA +ne. ( 3111
teJJd fo t.Or<'Ode more &ir'lle the. rf.lo..Hve <.ho""Se fn fhe
(ox-,dote - redvU-ioll 3,[ll'YIoUe d- ,l.Ovpl.e,d mOre .
...
3
6. Whatdoes"zero orderreleaselkinetics" mean inregards to adrug deliverysystem?(3
pts)
Zero reHln-,e1k,nl1h,,, I!> ihe ton de... 0.
rtleQ!>f prof,le {!'Om Q b.omcter-{a.\ pr'Ofi1e. 1\ IS the
,d df'VS de1iVertd b\!)bt!?m ltheft \b a. need ot LOr>S-klnt
"'Itt, Hme ) o.mOuM relQ!>tO - o,mo",,,+ I.e- eel)
a. How is tbi s different from a system wbere tbe release mecban.ism is
"FickianDiffusion"?(3 pts) I , . _______
-'01.
ine r-oA; e 0\ tile 0 :ffv':>,on ... 4 0.,..d Il'os.
II depend!> on +he coe-ff\\ln+ ha.\ (t>deperde,,+
0() +emp) r - I tnoS711"l<..rn,3 I poI'j
II i b po 0 +0 be r{ 't cO ,II fF
the. bvlK tthe \=)rope,...tll1b Of(! I..ha.n.f-ed On the
E
4
8. How does chromiuminstainlesssteelreduce therisk ofcorrosion?(3 pIS) /'
The ot c.hlOtyI ium On Ihe 5
t
eQI i b
l \hO c.'l<>,jr .J0lf'> J
0. iOjer -\ho.+- wI I OelrW5{! the M&\.( ot CON'o, fO'l.
In odddiO() bo...,ed 01) the pok>nt,o.b ot
I-hoo,t Me moWt'ia.'b Lomb'nobon ",,,\I moltethem
EHtCp1ct.1. QI:Ce<i>ible fOt- i;
a. Explain what fretting corrosion is and why it can cause corrosion in
stainlesssteel. (3 pts)
LON'O';)\On I? flO + iO -I-he
(l."d depefldt> 011 the.. 'lO." t"e. Un?1011+
lhert. ItTrt- pl'Ole5!;) of removaL . Ot
er- (pretec.+f, frOll LOJ-I'O,}On ) met.hQfI,ao.t me.af'lfJ