University of Toronto Scarborough

Department of Computer & Mathematical Sciences

MATA30: Calculus I - Midterm Test
Examiners: Sophie Chrysostomou Date: Wednesday, October 31, 2012
Duration: 110 minutes
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.
FAMILY NAME:
GIVEN NAMES:
STUDENT NUMBER:
DAY AND TIME OF YOUR TUTORIAL:
SIGNATURE:
CIRCLE THE NAME OF YOUR TEACHING ASSISTANT:
Fazle Chowdhury Fangzhou Guo Hnidec Samantha
Manaal Hussain Mike Milijanovic Ushya Shanmugarajah
Aaron Situ Shobigah Sivaloganathan Hoi Suen (John) Wong
Junsheng Wu
NOTES:
No calculators, or any electronic aid is permitted at the test room.
No cell phones are permitted.
No books, notebooks or scrap paper are permitted near your examination table.
There are 12 numbered pages in the test. It is your responsibility to ensure that, at
the start of the test, this booklet has all its pages. The last two pages (11 and 12) are
empty.
Please leave all the pages of this booklet stapled. Do not remove any pages.
Answer all questions in the space provided. Show your work and justify your answers
for full credit.
FOR MARKERS ONLY
1 / 10
2 /10
3 a / 5
3 b / 5
3 c / 5
3 d / 5
3 e / 5
4 / 5
5 / 5
6 / 10
7a / 5
7b / 5
8a / 5
8b / 5
8c / 5
8d / 5
8e / 5
TOTAL /100
MATA30F page 1
1. [ 10 mark] Let f(x) =
3

x 3
(a) [ 2 marks] Find the domain and range of f.
Solution:
The domain of f is R.
The range of f is R.
(b) [ 1 mark] Show that f is invertible.
Solution:
If x
1
= x
2
, then x
1
3 = x
2
3 and therefore
3

x
1
3 =
3

x
2
3. This shows
that f is one to one and therefore invertible.
Or: by using the horizontal line test on the graph of f below, we see that no
horizontal line crosses the graph of f more than once, so f is one to one and
therefore invertible.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
(c) [ 3 marks] Find f
1
, the inverse of f, and give its domain and range.
Solution:
Let y =
3

x 3. Then:
y
3
= x 3
y
3
+ 3 = x
Switching x and y we get that the inverse function y = f
1
is given by y = x
3
+3.
The domain of f
1
is the range of f which is R.
The range of f
1
is the doman of f which is R.
(d) [ 4 marks] Give the graphs of f and f
1
.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
MATA30F page 2
2. (a) [ 4 marks] If sec =
9x
3
for

3
2
, 2

and for some x > 0, nd the follow-

ing trigonometric ratios:
sin x =

81x
2
9
9x
cot x =
3

81x
2
9
Since

3
2
, 2

the angle is in the fourth quadrant. Since sec =

9x
3
, then
we could have the adjacent side have length 3 and the hypotenuse have length 9x.
Thus we get the diagram below:
0
3
9x
(b) [ 4 marks] Prove the identity:
1
1 cos x
+
1
1 + sin x
= csc
2
xsec
2
x + csc xcot x sec xtan x
Solution:
RHS =
1
1 cos x
+
1
1 + sin x
=
1 + cos x
(1 cos x)(1 + cos x
+
1 sin x
(1 + sin)(1 sin x)
=
1 + cos x
1 cos
2
x
+
1 sin x
1 sin
2
x
=
1 + cos x
sin
2
x
+
1 sin x
cos
2
x
=
cos
2
x + cos
3
x + sin
2
x sin
3
x
sin
2
xcos
2
x
=
1 + cos
3
x sin
3
x
sin
2
xcos
2
x
=
1
sin
2
xcos
2
x
+
cos
3
x
sin
2
xcos
2
x

sin
3
x
sin
2
xcos
2
x
= csc
2
xsec
2
x +
cos x
sin
2
x

sin x
cos
2
x
= csc
2
xsec
2
x + csc xcot x sec xtanx = LHS
Thus:
1
1 cos x
+
1
1 + sin x
= csc
2
xsec
2
x + csc xcot x sec xtan x
(c) [ 2 marks] Find all x R satisfying: log
x
(12 2x x
2
) = 2.
Solution: Since x is a base of a logarithmic function, then x > 0 and by the
denition of the logarithmic function:
log
x
(12 2x x
2
) = 2 x
2
= 12 2x x
2
We need to nd the solution to x
2
= 12 2x x
2
or 2x
2
+ 2x 12 = 0
0 = 2x
2
+ 2x 12 = 2(x
2
+ x 6) = 2(x 2)(x + 3)
The roots of the quadratic are x = 2 or x = 3 however, since x must be positive
then the only solution is x = 2.
MATA30F page 3
3. [25 marks total] Evaluate each of the following limits, else explain why the limit does
not exist. Justify your answer. Do not use LH ospitals rule.
(a) lim
x5
x
2
3x 10
x
2
25
Solution:
lim
x5
x
2
3x 10
x
2
25
= lim
x5
(x 5)(x + 2)
(x 5)(x + 5)
= lim
x5
(x + 2)
(x + 5)
=
7
10
(b) lim
x0
x

1 + x

1 x
Solution:
lim
x0
x

1 + x

1 x
= lim
x0
x
(

1 + x

1 x)

1 + x +

1 x)
(

1 + x +

1 x)
= lim
x0
x(

1 + x +

1 x)
(1 + x (1 x))
= lim
x0
x(

1 + x +

1 x)
2x
= lim
x0
(

1 + x +

1 x)
2
=
(

1 +

1)
2
= 1
(c) lim
x4

2x +|2x|
x +|x|
.
Solution:
lim
x4

2x +|2x|
x +|x|
=
2 4 +|2 4|
4 +|4|
=
16
8
= 2
MATA30F page 4
(d) lim
x
e
x
cos(x +
1
x
)
Solution: Since for all x R,
1 cos x 1,
then for all x = 0:
1 cos(x +
1
x
) 1
e
x
e
x
cos(x +
1
x
) e
x
.
Since lim
x
e
x
= 0 and lim
x
e
x
= 0,
lim
x
e
x
cos(x +
1
x
) = 0 by the squeeze theorem.
(e) lim
x1
tan(x 1)
2x 2
Solution:
lim
x1
tan(x 1)
2x 2
= lim
x1
sin(x 1)
cos(x 1)(2x 2)
= lim
x1
sin(x 1)
(x 1)

1
2 cos(x 1)
=
1
2
MATA30F page 5
4. [5 marks] Let f(x) =
(x
2
9)(x
2
4)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
. Find all the horizontal and vertical asymp-
totes of f. Justify your answer by using appropriate limits.
Solution:
For horizontal asymptotes:
lim
x
(x
2
9)(x
2
4)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
= lim
x
(x
4
13x
2
+ 36)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
= lim
x
x
4
x
4

13x
2
x
4
+
36
x
4
x
4
x
4

x
3
x
4

6x
2
x
4
= lim
x
1
13
x
2
+
36
x
4
1
1
x

6
x
2
= 1
lim
x
(x
2
9)(x
2
4)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
= lim
x
(x
4
13x
2
+ 36)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
= lim
x
x
4
x
4

13x
2
x
4
+
36
x
4
x
4
x
4

x
3
x
4

6x
2
x
4
= lim
x
1
13
x
2
+
36
x
4
1
1
x

6
x
2
= 1
Thus there is one horizontal asymptote, y = 1.
For vertical asymptotes we rst simplify by factoring the function as much as possible:
f(x) =
(x
2
9)(x
2
4)
(x
4
x
3
6x
2
)
=
(x 3)(x + 3)(x 2)(x + 2)
x
2
(x
2
x 6)
=
(x 3)(x + 3)(x 2)(x + 2)
x
2
(x 3)(x + 2)
So
f(x) =
(x + 3)(x 2)
x
2
for all x R, x / {2, 0, 3}
Thus:
lim
x2
(x + 3)(x 2)
x
2
=
4
4
= 1
lim
x3
(x + 3)(x 2)
x
2
=
6
9
=
2
3
lim
x0
f(x) = lim
x0
(x + 3)(x 2)
x
2
=
(as x 0 (x + 3)(x 2) 3(2) = 6 < 0 the denominator x
2
0
+
.)
This shows that f has one vertical asymptote at x = 0.
MATA30F page 6
5. [5 marks] Given some numbers a and b, dene f : R R by
f(x) =

sin(17x)
sin(x)
if x < 0 ,
ax + b if 0 x 1 ,
ln(x) if x > 1 ,
Find a and b so that f is continuous on (/2, ). Fully justify your answers.
Solution:
Since sin 17x, sin x are both continuous for all x R and sin x = 0 for x = k for
k Z. Then
sin(17x)
sin(x)
is continuous on

2
, 0

.
Since ax + b is a polynomial then it is continuous on (0, 1).
Also, ln x is continuous on (0, ) therefore it is continuous on (1, ).
For f to be continuous at x = 0 we need
lim
x0

f(x) = lim
x0
+
f(x) = f(0).
So
lim
x0

f(x) = lim
x0

sin(17x)
sin(x)
= lim
x0

sin(17x)
17x
x
sin x
17x
x
= lim
x0

sin(17x)
17x
lim
x0

x
sin(x)
lim
x0

17)
1
= 1 1 17 lim
0
sin

= 1
= 17
lim
x0
+
f(x) = lim
x0
+
ax + b = b = f(0)
For continuity at 0 we need b = 17.
For continuity at 1 we need
lim
x1

f(x) = lim
x1
+
f(x) = f(1).
lim
x1

f(x) = lim
x1

ax + b = a + b = a + 17 = f(1)
lim
x1
+
f(x) = lim
x1
+
ln(x) = ln(1) = 0
For continuity at 1 we need a + 17 = 0 or a = 17.
Thus, if a = 17 and b = 17, then f is continuous on (/2, ).
MATA30F page 7
6. [10 marks] Determine if there is a solution to
x
5/3
+ x
2/3
+ 6 = 0 .
Justify your answer and give the full statement of the theorem you used.
Solution: Since the function f(x) = x
5/3
+x
2/3
+6 is the sum of powers of root functions
that are continuous on R, then f is continuous on R.
f(0) = 6 > 0 and
f(8) = (8)
5/3
+ (8)
2/3
+ 6
= (
3

8)
5
+ (
3

8)
2
+ 6
= (2)
5
+ (2)
2
+ 6
= 32 + 4 + 6 = 22 < 0
We have that f(8) < 0 < f(0) and since f is continuous on [8, 0], then by the
Intermediate Value Theorem there is some c (8, 0) such that f(c) = 0.
Thus there is at least one solution to x
5/3
+ x
2/3
+ 6 = 0 in (8, 0).
The Intermediate Value Theorem: If f is continuous on [a, b] and w is between f(a)
and f(b), then there is some c (a, b) such that f(c) = w.
MATA30F page 8
7. (a) [5 marks] Let f(x) =
1
x 2
. Use the denition of the derivative to nd f

(x).
Solution:
lim
h0
f(x + h) f(x)
h
= lim
h0
1
x+h2

1
x2
h
= lim
h0
1
x+h2

1
x2
h
= lim
h0
(x2)(x+h2)
(x2)(x+h2)
h
= lim
h0
h
(x 2)(x + h 2)h
= lim
h0
1
(x 2)(x + h 2)
=
1
(x 2)
2
(b) [5 marks] Find the line tangent line to the graph of f(x) =
1
x 2
at the point
(4, 1/2).
Solution:
Since f(4) =
1
4 2
=
1
2
, then the point (4, 1/2) is on the graph of f.
The slope of the tangent line at (4, 1/2) is m = f

(4) =
1
(4 2)
2
=
1
4
.
Thus:
1
4
=
y
1
2
x 4
Thus, the equation of the tangent line is y =
1
2

1
4
(x 4) =
1
4
x +
3
2
.
MATA30F page 9
8. [5 marks each; 25 marks] For the following given functions use dierentiation rules
to nd their required derivatives. Do not simplify.
(a) [5 marks] f(x) = e
x
(1 + sec x). Find f

(x).
Solution: Using the product rule and the chain rule:
f

(x) = e
x
(1 + sec x) + e
x
sec xtan x
(b) [5 marks] g(x) =
arcsin(x)

1 x
2
. Find g

(x).
Solution:
g

(x) =
1

1x
2

1 x
2
arcsin x
1
2

1x
2
(2x)
(

1 x
2
)
2
=

1x
2

1x
2
+
xarcsin x

1x
2
1 x
2
=

1x
2
+xarcsin x

1x
2
1 x
2
=

1 x
2
+ xarcsin x

1 x
2
(1 x
2
)
=

1 x
2
+ xarcsin x
(1 x
2
)
3/2
(c) [5 marks] g(x) = 2 sin(ln(x)) cos(ln(x)). Find g(x).
Solution: Using the product rule and the chain rule:
g

(x) = 2 cos(ln(x))

1
x

cos(ln(x)) + 2 sin(ln(x))(sin(ln x))

1
x

.
g

(x) =

2
x

[cos
2
(ln(x)) sin
2
(ln(x))] =

2
x

cos(2 lnx).
Or using the double angle identity sin 2y = 2 sin y cos y we get that g(x) =
2 sin(ln(x)) cos(ln(x)) = sin(2 lnx), thus
g

(x) = cos(2 lnx)

2
x
.
MATA30F page 10
(d) [5 marks] h(x) = (x + 1)
tan
2
x
. Find h(x).
Solution: Logarithmic dierentiation is needed.
Let y = h(x). Then y = (x + 1)
tan
2
x
.
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides and simplifying:
ln y = (tan
2
x) ln(x + 1)
Using implicit dierentiation:
1
y
y

= 2(tanx)(sec
2
x) ln(x + 1) + tan
2
x
1
(x + 1)
Thus:
y = y

2(tanx)(sec
2
x) ln(x + 1) +
tan
2
x
(x + 1)

= (x + 1)
tan
2
x

2(tanx)(sec
2
x) ln(x + 1) +
tan
2
x
(x + 1)

(e) [5 marks] If e
xy
= e
4x
e
5y
, nd
dy
dx
.
Solution: Using implicit dierentiation on e
xy
= e
4x
e
5y
, we get:
e
xy
(y + xy

) = e
4x
4 e
5y
5y

.
Isolating all terms with y

on one side of the equation we get:

ye
xy
+ xy

e
xy
= e
4x
4 e
5y
5y

.
xy

e
xy
+ e
5y
5y

= 4e
4x
ye
xy
y

(xe
xy
+ 5e
5y
) = 4e
4x
ye
xy
Finally:
y

=
4e
4x
ye
xy
xe
xy
+ 5e
5y
MATA30F page 11
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MATA30F page 12
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