Cisco BYOD Paper

Joseph Bradley
Jeff Loucks
James Macaulay
Richard Medcalf
Lauren Buckalew
BYOD: A Global Perspective
Harnessing Employee-Led Innovation
Executive Summary
To determine whether BYOD is simply a U.S. or even just a U.S. enterprise
phenomenon, the Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG) expanded
its original BYOD and Virtualization study to include IT decision makers in both
enterprises (1,000 or more employees) and midsize companies (500-999
employees) in eight countries across three regions. Our results show that BYODs
growth isnt limited to the United States or to large companies.
Key Global Findings and Conclusions
BYOD is a global phenomenon: strong evidence of employees everywhere using
own devices for work; 89 percent of IT departments enable BYOD in some form
Top BYOD benefts to companies are increased productivity, employee satis-
faction, lower costs; 69 percent of IT leaders are positive about BYOD
Employees want BYOD for choice of device, applications, and ability to combine
personal and work lives
Transformative beneft of BYOD is employee-driven innovation by allowing
employees to decide how, when, and with which tools work is done, companies
can unlock the next wave of value
BYOD, however, implies new challenges in security and IT support
Companies must respond proactively to BYOD with improved mobile policy and
cost-reduction strategies; desktop virtualization could help
Key Regional and Company Findings
High degree of consistency between midsize companies and enterprises in
attitudes toward BYOD
BYOD has regional flavor: Asian and Latin American companies see and
encourage extensive BYOD, while Europe is more cautious and restrictive
U.S. is the overall leader in BYOD adoption and policy
U.S. and India are far ahead in desktop virtualization: other IT leaders are aware
of it, but implementation is lagging
Page 1 Cisco IBSG 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
BYOD has a regional flavor:
Asian and Latin American
countries see and
encourage extensive
BYOD, while Europe is more
cautious and restrictive.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG

Internet Business
Solutions Group (IBSG)
Survey Report
Introduction: BYOD Has Gone Global
Millions of consumers many of whom are also employees
1
are purchasing
advanced mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets for their personal
use,
2
and then loading them with applications to help manage their lives better.
These powerful devices have intuitive user interfaces, come equipped with two-
way cameras for video conferencing, and can access hundreds of thousands of
applications not only for personal uses and entertainment, but for business as well.
Increasingly, people are taking these devices to work and integrating them into their
daily workflow. This trend is often called bring your own device (BYOD).
BYOD could have profound implications for how companies manage their networks,
mobile devices, and even their employees, who are redefining what it means to
be in the office. Thus, Cisco IBSG wanted to know how prevalent BYOD is in
companies, and how corporate IT departments are handling these new devices in
terms of support, network access, and security. We also wanted to know whether
corporate IT is supportive, indifferent, or hostile toward BYOD.
In spring 2012, we surveyed 600 IT decision makers in U.S. enterprises to
answer these and other questions,
3
as part of our ongoing Horizons program
of research and analysis. The results provided evidence of a fundamental shift in
how corporations support and provision devices. Ninety-five percent of IT decision
makers said their companies support BYOD in some form. Equally important was
their attitude toward BYOD. Without downplaying the challenges BYOD poses, 76
percent saw it as somewhat or extremely positive for IT departments.
To determine whether BYOD is simply a U.S. or even just a U.S. enterprise
phenomenon, we expanded our original study to include IT decision makers in
both enterprises (1,000 or more employees) and midsize companies (500-999
employees) in eight countries across three regions. We also added more than 300
IT decision makers from midsize U.S. firms to our initial 600 enterprise respondents
4
(see Figure 1). All told, we interviewed nearly 4,900 IT decision makers in 18
industries, all of whom either direct or influence their companies mobile policy.
Figure 1. Cisco IBSG Horizons Global BYOD Study Details.
With employees using
increasing numbers of
these devices for both work
and personal purposes,
Cisco IBSG wanted to
know how prevalent BYOD
is in companies, and how
corporate IT departments
are handling these new
devices in terms of support,
network access, and
security.

Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
912*
Respondents
United
States
600 enterprises
(original study) +
312 midsize
681
Respondents
Latin
America:
Brazil
Mexico
Asia:
China
India
1,493
Respondents
1,806
Respondents
Europe:
U.K.
France
Germany
Russia
3 major regions;
2,805 enterprises +
1,175 midsize
Our results show that BYODs growth is neither a U.S.-only phenomenon nor
limited to large companies. Globally, 89 percent of IT leaders from both enterprises
and midsize companies support BYOD in some form. And 69 percent view BYOD
somewhat or extremely positively. These figures are staggering. They show that
companies around the world (not merely in the United States) are embracing BYOD.
This has profound implications for how companies provision devices and govern
network access.
But Cisco IBSG believes that the transformative value of BYOD rests in giving
employees the freedom to innovate how they work. If allowed to use the devices,
applications, and cloud services they prefer, and to choose the time and location for
work, employees have the potential to drive the next wave of corporate efficiency
and productivity. By fostering BYOD with proper management and a BYOD-ready
governance model and network, companies can move from merely reacting to
employee demand to harnessing a latent and potent source of value. Already,
companies around the world are on the cusp of this breakthrough.
BYOD Is Fueling Mobile Growth
Mobility working away from a traditional office setting or fixed location has
become a common requirement for todays knowledge worker. Forty-seven percent
of employees in the companies we interviewed are officially designated mobile
workers. But 60 percent of employees use a mobile device for work
5
13 percent
more than are officially considered mobile workers (see Figure 2). These additional
devices are mainly the result of employee initiative: even if they do not officially
need mobile devices to do their work, they are integrating mobility into how they
work on a daily basis. And corporate IT departments are obliging them. When we
asked how their companies segment mobile workers, 36 percent said they grant
mobility privileges according to employee request.
Figure 2. Percentage of Employees Designated Mobile Workers vs. Employees
Who Use Mobile Device for Work.
Source: Cisco IBSG, 2012 N = 4,892
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Survey Report
By fostering BYOD with
proper management and a
BYOD-ready governance
model and network,
companies can move
from merely reacting to
employee demand to
harnessing a latent and
potent source of value.


The United States and India lead other countries in the percentage of knowledge
workers who use mobile devices (at nearly 70 percent), but China and Mexico are
not far behind. On the other hand, in Germany and France, only about 50 percent
of knowledge workers use mobile devices. We shall see throughout the research
findings that while European nations are witnessing significant penetration of mobility
and BYOD, they are behind other countries in embracing and fully enabling them.
Not only are knowledge workers using mobile devices for work, they are using
multiple mobile devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablet computers, to
help them accomplish their tasks. On average, IT leaders expect the number of
devices to rise from 2.3 per employee in 2012 to 2.8 in 2014 (see Figure 3), a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.3 percent. Once again, differences
at the country and regional levels are significant. While growth rates in the United
States and India are comparatively low, companies in these countries are the most
enthusiastic adopters of mobile technologies, having already achieved the highest
device-per-worker ratio. Brazil is not far behind at 2.5 devices per employee, and
IT leaders expect robust growth in the next two years. Nowhere will device growth
be faster than in China, which, although being tied with Russia and Germany for the
lowest current adoption level of mobile devices per knowledge worker, expects a
CAGR of nearly 23 percent from 1.8 devices to 2.7 over the next two years.
Once again, European countries are taking the most cautious stance.
Figure 3. Average Number of Connected Devices per Knowledge Worker,
2012 and 2014.
The growing number of devices per user is, to a large degree, the result of BYOD.
For example, 42 percent of smartphones and 38 percent of laptops used in the
workplace are now employee-owned. This shows that BYOD, far from being an
emerging trend, is already well-entrenched in corporations throughout the world.
And IT leaders see strong growth for BYOD in the next two years, with 63 percent
saying they expect the percentage of employee-owned devices to increase (see
figure 4).
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Survey Report
Nowhere will device growth
be faster than in China,
which, although being tied
with Russia and Germany
for the lowest current
adoption level of mobile
devices per knowledge
worker, expects a CAGR of
nearly 23 percent from
1.8 devices to 2.7 over
the next two years.

2.3
2.9
2.3
1.8
2.0
1.8 1.8
2.8
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.2
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.1
Total U.S. U.K. Germany France Russia China India Mexico Brazil
Average Number of Connected Devices per
Knowledge Worker
2012 2014
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Survey Report
Figure 4. Percentage of Companies that Expect the Share of Employee-Owned
Devices To Increase in the Next Two Years.
Higher current adoption and growth outside Europe will quickly make BYOD the
predominant approach in those countries. Of special note is the high percentage of
IT decision makers who say BYOD increases will be significant: 35 percent in India,
where more than 50 percent of smartphones and laptops are already employee-
owned, and 29 percent in Brazil, where more than 40 percent of major mobile
devices are employee-owned. Despite the relatively low penetration of BYOD in
European countries, IT decision makers expect less growth in Europe than in Latin
America and Asia over the next two years.
Figure 5. Percentage of IT Leaders Who Are Seeing Growth of BYOD, and the
Percentage Who Are Positive About the Trend.
Higher current adoption
and growth outside Europe
will quickly make BYOD the
predominant approach in
those countries.

43%
47%
41%
34%
32%
35%
56%
37%
54%
44%
20%
26%
10%
9% 12%
8%
20%
35%
21%
29%
Percentage of Companies that Expect Share of Employee-
Owned Devices To Increase in Next Two Years
Increase somewhat Increase significantly
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Survey Report
Eighty-four percent of the IT leaders in this study say they are seeing BYOD
growth in their companies (see Figure 5). While IT decision makers have different
expectations for the degree of BYOD growth, 84 percent agree that more
employees are using their own devices for work purposes. Even in Europe,
where the BYOD trend is less prevalent, between 62 percent and 80 percent are
witnessing growth. That being said, European IT leaders are clearly seeing less
prevalence of BYOD than their counterparts in other countries.
In Ciscos own experience, once employee-owned devices were permitted and
supported by corporate IT, the number of mobile devices connected to the network
more than doubled.
6
Perhaps companies that put IT support behind BYOD see more
growth, and are more positive about growth, because they have made a deliberate
decision to support it, rather than feeling as if BYOD is being imposed upon them by
employees.
Along with the growth of employee-owned devices, 52 percent of IT leaders say
that nonapproved software applications and cloud services are somewhat or
much more prevalent today than two years ago (see Figure 6). It makes sense that
nonapproved applications would increase, since employees do not simply want to
use the device of their choice, but also the software and cloud services they prefer.
However thorough a toolkit companies may provide, there are thousands of mobile
applications and online services that can aid employees in how they collaborate,
analyze data, and present their ideas. With app stores from Apple and Google,
employees can browse and download these instantly, often for free. In addition,
employees want to use their own devices to have their personal applications and
content near at hand. As we shall see, employees ability to blend their personal and
work lives seamlessly is one of the key benefits of BYOD.
Figure 6. Percentage of Companies Saying the Number of Nonapproved
Applications Is Somewhat or Much More Prevalent.
Employees ability to blend
their personal and work
lives seamlessly is one of
the key benefits of BYOD.
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Survey Report
Our research revealed that there is a stark difference in the prevalence of
nonapproved applications between European countries and all other countries in our
study. In Russia, for example, only 16 percent of IT leaders say they have seen more
nonapproved applications, versus 71 percent in China.
There are potential costs for companies when employees use their own applications,
however. One of them is the increased bandwidth many of these applications
require. Some of the most popular applications used by employees feature rich
media, including social networks and streaming media services. The combination of
more devices on the network and media-rich, nonapproved applications can create
network bottlenecks unless IT departments are vigilant in their network management
and resource planning.
Another area that requires active management is the growing use of nonapproved
collaboration tools. Employees are increasingly using instant messaging, file-
management, mobile video conferencing, and cloud-based collaboration services to
supplement, or even replace, corporate collaboration applications. While it may be
beneficial for employees to use the collaboration tools that suit them best, especially
if the ones with which they are provided are limited or inadequate, the potential
exists for multiple self-created islands of collaboration that unwittingly exclude
others. It is vital for companies to ensure that nonapproved collaboration tools are
integrated into corporate IM, corporate directories, corporate social software, and
video collaboration tools to prevent these islands from forming.
Perhaps part of the reason IT leaders in countries like China, India, and Mexico see
higher growth of employee-owned devices and applications in the workplace than
their European peers is that they are more supportive of them. Only 52 percent of IT
leaders in Germany and the United Kingdom, and 40 percent in France, believe that
BYOD is a positive development for their departments. In contrast, 80 percent of
IT leaders outside Europe believe BYOD is having a positive effect. In Brazil, China,
India, and Mexico, 32 percent are extremely positive about BYOD, as opposed to
10 percent in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Russia.
Divergent beliefs about the benefits of BYOD to IT departments are manifested
in how, and whether, employee-owned devices are supported. Overall, there
is strong acceptance of BYOD among corporate IT leaders. Nearly 90 percent
endorse BYOD in some form, ranging from simply allowing employee-owned
devices on the corporate network to offering full IT support for all employee-owned
devices. The United States and India provide the most comprehensive backing of
employee-owned devices, with about 30 percent of companies offering IT support
for all devices. Brazil has the most liberal policies, with 82 percent of companies
supporting either select or all employee-owned devices (see Figure 7).
While it may be beneficial
for employees to use the
collaboration tools that
suit them best, especially
if the ones with which
they are provided are
limited or inadequate, the
potential exists for multiple
self-created islands
of collaboration that
unwittingly exclude others.
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Figure 7. Levels of Company IT Support for Employee-Owned Devices.
The countries in which IT leaders were least positive about the impact of BYOD
France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have the most-restrictive policies. In
France, for example, a higher percentage of companies either prohibit employee-
owned devices in the workplace or offer only network access, with no other forms
of support. While allowing corporate network access helps employees use their
devices at work, their ability to be productive is curtailed because they are not
able to download corporate applications and cloud services, or to access technical
support when there are problems. It appears, therefore, that we may be seeing both
virtuous circles (positive impressions of BYOD, resulting in more favorable network
policies, thereby producing enhanced benefits and increasing enthusiasm) and
vicious circles (suspicion of BYOD, resulting in restrictive policies and muted impact,
reinforcing the initial skepticism) at play.
Another area that could restrict the potential benefits of BYOD is a lack of clarity
around mobility policy, both as it pertains to BYOD and in general. Regarding
the maturity of corporate mobile policy, enterprises have implemented more
comprehensive policies in most areas than midsize firms (see Figure 8). While this
finding is not surprising, it speaks well for midsize firms that in many areas, the
differences between them and enterprises are modest.
Another area that could
restrict the potential
benefits of BYOD is a lack
of clarity around mobility
policy . . . .
Network access but no IT support
Employee devices prohibited
All devices supported
Select devices supported
11%
49%
6%
50%
19%
43%
22%
41%
19%
35%
15%
49%
6%
55%
7%
46%
4%
60%
7%
57%
18%
22%
13%
31%
20%
17%
21%
16%
32%
14%
17%
18%
19%
20%
18%
30%
17%
19%
11%
25%
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Figure 8. Areas Covered by Companies Mobile Device / Mobility Policies.
On the negative side, for both corporate and midsize firms, there is plenty of
work to be done before mobility policy can be considered robust. In several areas
fundamental not only to BYOD but to all mobility initiatives, too many companies are
unprepared. For example, only half of enterprises and 41 percent of midsize firms
have a policy in place regarding employee network access for mobile devices. And
only 31 percent have a policy around nonapproved devices.
The lack of policy clarity and the sheer absence of policy in many cases could
contribute to the belief that BYOD leads to security problems. New threats to the
security of company data from viruses, malware, and network intrusion was by
far the biggest downside of BYOD identified by IT leaders (see Figure 9). The
perceived danger of BYOD to corporate network security is likely a major reason
that companies in Europe have not embraced the trend as fully as others. With the
exception of China, European countries are the most concerned with the negative
effects of BYOD on the security of corporate networks. Interestingly, the concern
over network security has not made Chinese companies reluctant to embrace
BYOD, since they believe the benefits far outweigh the potential costs.
In several areas
fundamental not only to
BYOD but to all mobility
initiatives, too many
companies are unprepared.
For example, only half of
enterprises and 41 percent
of midsize firms have a
policy in place regarding
employee network access
for mobile devices.
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Figure 9. Percentage of Companies that Find Security the Top BYOD Challenge.
When it comes to the benefits companies receive from BYOD, IT leaders identified
three that stood out
7
(see Figure 10):
Productivity: Overall, the primary benefit IT leaders see from BYOD is
increased employee productivity, both in terms of greater output and improved
collaboration with others. This is an important finding because fears that
employees would be distracted by personal applications and content (e.g.,
using social networks, playing games, using unauthorized sites for personal
business and entertainment) have been an argument against BYOD.
Job satisfaction: Employees want to use the same devices for work that they
use in their personal lives. When they are allowed to choose their own devices,
employees are happier and more satisfied in their work.
Lower costs: Reduced mobility costs, due to employees paying for part (or all)
of the costs of their mobile devices and to improved IT resource utilization, is
the third benefit on average, just below job satisfaction. It is the top benefit for
several countries, however, especially where the reception to BYOD has been
cooler, such as France and the United Kingdom.
Overall, the primary benefit
IT leaders see from BYOD
is increased employee
productivity, both in terms
of greater output and
improved collaboration with
others.
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Figure 10. Top Benefits BYOD Brings to the Company.
What, according to IT leaders, are the main motivations for employees to embrace
BYOD? Overall, the main driver is that employees want more control over how,
where, when, and with which device they perform their work (see Figure 11).
Figure 11. Top Reasons Employees Use Their Own Devices for Work.
They also want to be able to switch from personal activities to work activities
throughout the course of the day or night. The ability to conduct personal business
at work, and to work during personal time, has become a hallmark of knowledge
work. Mobility, especially BYOD, has been driving this trend because employees
always have their personal device with them, allowing friends, family, and colleagues
to reach them at any time. And mobile presence applications such as IM mean
employees can be found and contacted instantly. In short, todays knowledge worker
is never really out of the office, even if he or she seldom enters the physical office.
The main driver is that
employees want more
control over how, where,
when, and with which
device they perform their
work.
18%
19%
14%
14%
15%
22%
24%
21%
13%
11%
Total
U.S.
U.K.
Germany
France
Russia
China
India
Mexico
Brazil
15%
12%
17%
13%
17%
19%
20%
11%
16%
12%
16%
15%
11%
17%
12%
13%
21%
16%
13%
16%
Productivity, Collaboration Job Satisfaction Lower Costs
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Finally, employees want the freedom to use their own applications and cloud
services without restrictions, for both personal and work tasks. BYOD is attractive
because the strict lines of demarcation over what can be accessed, downloaded,
and used on a company-owned device are blurred on a device owned by the
employee, which has both personal and work content on it by design.
It is clear that both companies and employees see valuable benefits from BYOD.
These benefits will drive increased device growth, as we have seen, as well as
higher network bandwidth. This growth in mobile devices and network traffic will
have a profound impact on IT budgets in several countries (see Figure 12). The IT
leaders in this study expect the share of IT spending on mobile devices to grow
from 18 percent in 2012 to 23 percent by 2014. In China and India, where mobile
budgets already represent a high percentage of IT spending, that figure will rise from
22 percent of spending for both countries in 2012 to 31 percent and 29 percent,
respectively, by 2014. While these countries are bullish on the potential benefits of
mobility, especially BYOD, escalating budgets could pose a problem if they continue
to grow at this rate.
Figure 12. Percentage of Mobile Budget Spent on Mobile Initiatives.
This is true of China in particular, despite having a device-per-employee ratio of
only 1.8. In contrast, Brazilian companies expect to keep their costs in line, despite
robust growth projections. In Europe, mobility as a percentage of total IT spending is
much lower, in keeping with the lesser emphasis these countries place on mobility
initiatives.
This growth in mobile
devices and network traffic
will have a profound impact
on IT budgets in several
countries.
18%
19%
16%
15% 15%
10%
22% 22%
17%
20%
23%
22%
19%
17% 17%
12%
31%
29%
23% 23%
Percentage of IT Budget Spent on Mobility Initiatives
2012 2014
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Desktop Virtualization. This study also explored desktop virtualization,
8
which
separates the desktop environment from the device and enables employees to
get the same or similar experience regardless of where they are or which device
they are using. Desktop virtualization was the one area where our findings from the
original U.S. survey diverged significantly from the rest of the countries surveyed.
While there is strong awareness about desktop virtualization among most IT leaders,
most countries are not very advanced in executing desktop virtualization strategies.
In the United States, 51 percent of companies have either completed or are in the
process of implementing their desktop virtualization strategy. India and China are
next at 40 and 36 percent, respectively. All other countries are under 30 percent.
These countries are behind in implementing desktop virtualization because they
believe it to be less applicable to knowledge workers than do U.S. IT leaders (see
Figure 13).
Figure 13. Percentage of Respondents Who Believe a Majority of Knowledge
Workers Are Suitable for Desktop Virtualization.
This conclusion may change as BYOD becomes more firmly entrenched, and as
IT leaders come to understand the benefits of desktop virtualization in a mobile
environment. Desktop virtualization is a natural fit with BYOD in many ways because
it enables companies to provide and manage a single software environment, which
resides on corporate servers. Corporate data and work files also live on the server.
No matter which device the employee uses, the data and files that are needed
will be available. This also makes it secure, since no data stays on the device. For
some companies, however, native mobile applications may be a more appropriate
deployment strategy.
Desktop virtualization is
a natural fit with BYOD
in many ways because
it enables companies
to provide and manage
a single software
environment, which resides
on corporate servers.
44%
64%
38% 38%
35%
25%
45%
50%
32%
37%
Percentage of Respondents Who Believe a Majority of
Knowledge Workers Are Suitable for Desktop Virtualization
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Implications for IT Leaders
As we have seen, only 50 percent of enterprises and 41 percent of midsize
companies have mobility policies in place to govern who is on the corporate
network, and with which device. This is problematic even when the vast majority
of mobile devices are company-owned; the risks to network security, intellectual
property, and corporate data increase as employees connect more of their own
devices to the network. This is not because employees will act with bad intentions,
but because it becomes increasingly hard for IT leaders to know which devices are
legitimate and which ones are not. In this sense, security policies and tools should
be seen as enabling BYOD by making the network more intelligent and safe. Some
of the most important security capabilities required for BYOD are:
Unifed policy management: A single policy secures data, applications, and
systems, while recognizing the type of user (i.e., guest, multiple employee
profles). A single policy platform, rather than multiple policies delivered by
separate IT systems, can help companies quickly and efciently close the
mobile policy gap and make BYOD more secure. Unifed policy management
also identifes and manages all mobile devices that access the network.
Securing and delivering corporate network access and services: BYOD
requires IT departments to deliver the right level of access to the corporate
network, based on the users profle and device. Users must also be able to
access the appropriate applications, data, and services.
Device protection: An additional layer of security at the device level, for both
corporate and employee-owned devices, is essential for protecting sensitive
company data. Mobile device management allows network administrators to
deny access and remotely wipe data from lost or stolen devices.
Secure data transmission: Security and encryption directly from the device
to the network infrastructure, whether wired or wireless, allows companies to
provide even their most sensitive data to mobile users regardless of device or
location.
But enabling BYOD means much more than reducing risks. It requires policies and
network capacity that help employees get the most from the devices they bring, and
from the applications and cloud services they access. The goal is to innovate how
employees do their work using the following capabilities:
Mobile, device-agnostic collaboration: Employees are using a variety of
devices and tools to collaborate with their colleagues. While freeing
employees to choose the right tool, regardless of whether it is officially
supported by IT, is the essence of BYOD, there are risks that employees could
find themselves in self-created silos. With collaboration tools that can allow
employees to use a single interface for multiple IM accounts, access voice
messages, and enable others to see them when they are online, these risks are
eliminated, leaving only the benefits.
Security policies and
tools should be seen as
enabling BYOD by making
the network more intelligent
and safe.
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Mobile video and desktop sharing: The ability to join meetings, share or view
applications, and have video calls from any location or device is now essential
for knowledge workers, 60 percent of whom use a mobile device for work. This
is especially true of executives, whose tight calendars and travel schedules
make it increasingly difcult for them to hold traditional, conference room
meetings. Yet, collaboration is vital to enabling better decision making. If they
are unable to have instant, rich collaboration sessions both on the go and on
the road, decisions can be delayed, and execution compromised. Cloud-based
tools that enable collaboration both within and outside the confnes of the
corporate network are vital to todays mobile culture, and to BYOD in particular.
Robust network infrastructure: As we have seen, the number of devices
connecting to the corporate network is set to increase from 2.3 to 2.8 per
knowledge worker. The fexibility to use the best device for the job be it a
laptop, smartphone, or tablet leads to both device proliferation and increased
network trafc, especially since our study found that knowledge workers use
a variety of bandwidth-intensive applications, including video collaboration
and media-rich cloud services. Moreover, these devices now connect to the
corporate network in multiple ways wired, Wi-Fi, and 3G/4G both on and
of-premises. Companies must develop networks that can handle increased
bandwidth and a growing number of devices, while ensuring that devices
connect to the network in the most cost-efective way. We have seen that
companies are using a variety of cost-saving measures, including fxed-mobile
convergence, to reduce rapidly increasing mobility budgets. A converged
network, especially one that can unify cellular and Wi-Fi trafc, and manage
mobile device policy, is not a luxury, but a requirement as a companys BYOD
needs evolve.
Desktop virtualization for compatibility, support across devices: As more
employees bring their own devices to work, the variety of operating systems
and confgurations raises serious compatibility challenges for IT departments.
Desktop virtualization solves compatibility problems by enabling IT to deliver a
virtual desktop comprised of applications and data that employees can access
regardless of the device they use. The applications and the data they access
are transmitted directly from the data center to the device. This solution not
only makes any device compatible with corporate software, but it also makes
devices more secure, since the data is stored in the data center rather than
on the device, which functions as a thin client. Employees want and expect
corporate IT to support the devices they use for work, whether they are owned
by the employee or provided by the company. The study shows that only 22
percent of companies currently provide IT support for all employee-owned
devices. With virtual desktops, applications can be centrally managed and run
independently from the user device. This allows IT to focus on maintaining the
desktop, thus supporting the corporate software, and leaving device support to
the user.
Cloud-based tools that
enable collaboration both
within and outside the
confines of the corporate
network are vital to todays
mobile culture, and to
BYOD in particular.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
Implications for Business Executives
Ultimately, employees want more control over where and how they work, and
which tools they use to get the job done. They want less emphasis on things that
are peripheral to succeeding in their job roles, such as putting in face time at
the office, or choosing among a narrow range of devices and applications. Mobile
devices are now so sophisticated and easy to use, and the selection of mobile
applications and cloud services so wide, that being forced to use a company-
prescribed tool no longer registers with many employees. They want companies to
trust them to get the job done in the way they see fit, and during the hours of the
day that are most convenient.
Employee desire for more freedom, control, and flexibility may give some companies
pause, for it makes both IT provisioning and management potentially more complex.
But the mutually reinforcing benefits for the company and employee are substantial.
For employees, BYOD can help them balance their work with social and family
commitments. It fits naturally with family-friendly policies such as telework and
flex-time. Companies can use BYOD-driven benefits such as these to attract and
retain talented employees, and to ensure they are productive wherever they are.
Beyond these benefits, Cisco IBSG believes that by giving employees freedom to
choose the devices, applications, and cloud services they use, work processes
can be redefined. Employee-led innovation extends far beyond when and where to
work. Through BYOD, employees can continually innovate in a multitude of ways,
such as using cloud-based services to analyze and visualize data on a mobile
device, discovering the perfect tool for managing complex workflows, or recording
video meetings to improve execution when decisions are made. The potential for
consistent bottom-up innovation is tremendous, and the tools are readily at hand:
increasingly inexpensive, powerful devices; thousands of mobile applications
with enterprise-level power and sophistication that cost only a few dollars; and
application-development tools that nonexperts can use to quickly design their own
custom applications.
In the next wave of the Cisco IBSG Horizons BYOD program, scheduled for autumn
2012, Cisco IBSG will present a detailed analysis of the financial impact of BYOD on
an enterprise, including an assessment of the benefits of enhancing employee-led
innovation and productivity. This analysis will provide IT and business leaders with an
understanding of the value of current BYOD initiatives, and a roadmap for improving
BYOD policies and network capabilities to derive the maximum value from BYOD.
This is vital to turning BYOD into a strategic advantage, rather than a phenomenon to
which companies have reacted.
Companies can use BYOD-
driven benefits such as
these to attract and retain
talented employees, and to
ensure they are productive
wherever they are.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
Appendix 1: Regional Summary Asia
The survey included companies from two of Asias largest and most influential
economies: China and India. Overall, Chinese and Indian IT leaders are strongly
supportive of BYOD, and are excited about the benefits BYOD brings to their
companies and departments. Below are several areas in which each country
stood out.
China
Highest growth of mobile devices, from 1.8 per knowledge worker in 2012 to
2.7 in 2014
Most bullish on the benefts of BYOD to the company: highest percentage of
companies seeing benefts in employee productivity (24 percent), employee
satisfaction (21 percent), and lower costs (20 percent)
Highest percentage growth of mobility budgets as a part of total IT spending,
from 22 percent in 2012 to 31 percent in 2014
Highest percentage of companies that expect BYOD to increase in the next two
years: 76 percent
India
Thirty percent of Indian companies support all employee-owned devices,
second only to the United States
Highest percentage of employees who use a mobile device for work: 69
percent
Along with the United States, highest number of connected devices per
knowledge worker: 2.8 in 2012, and 3.2 in 2014
Highest rate of desktop virtualization implementation: 13 percent have fully
implemented their virtualization strategy, and India is close to the U.S. in the
percentage of companies that are in process of implementing it (see figure 14)
Figure 14. Degree to Which Companies Have Implemented a Desktop
Virtualization Strategy.
China: highest growth of
mobile devices, from 1.8
per knowledge worker in
2012 to 2.7 in 2014.
India: highest percentage
of employees who use a
mobile device for work: 69
percent
5%
4%
4%
6%
5%
1%
1%
13%
2%
2%
28%
47%
22%
23%
20%
11%
35%
27%
14%
19%
39%
32%
43%
33%
40%
36%
35%
39%
59%
57%
27%
15%
30%
36%
32%
48%
27%
21%
25%
19%
Total
U.S.
U.K.
Germany
France
Russia
China
India
Mexico
Brazil
Fully implemented
In the process of implementing
Have a strategy, but not yet funded / implemented
No current strategy
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
Appendix 2: Regional Summary Latin America
The survey included two large Latin American countries: Mexico and Brazil. As with
the Asian countries, IT leaders in Mexico and Brazil are highly supportive of BYOD.
In fact, their companies have the highest rates of current BYOD adoption on a
per-company basis. When we asked IT leaders to describe whether devices were
primarily owned by the company or by the employee, Mexico and Brazil had the
highest percentage of employee device ownership (see figure 15).
Figure 15. Percentage of Companies Where Devices Are Primarily Owned by
Company vs. Employee.
Brazil
Will have 3.1 connected devices per knowledge worker by 2014, nearly as high
as the United States
Third-highest percentage of companies that support all employee-owned
devices (25 percent)
IT leaders do not feel BYOD is a major security threat, with only 17 percent
saying security is the top challenge
Mexico
The top benefit of BYOD is cost savings, which is not surprising given the high
percentage of employee-owned devices in Mexican firms
88 percent of IT leaders are positive about the effect BYOD is having on their
departments, tied with China for the highest rating among countries in the study
High device growth per knowledge worker, from 2.3 devices in 2012 to 3.0 in
2014
Midsize firms have more mature, comprehensive mobile policies overall than
enterprises, whereas the opposite is true of all other countries
Brazil: will have 3.1
connected devices per
knowledge worker by 2014,
nearly as high as the United
States.
Mexico: 88 percent of IT
leaders are positive about
the effect BYOD is having
on their departments, tied
with China for the highest
rating among countries in
the study.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
Appendix 3: Regional Summary Europe
Europe has the most consistent regional trends in our study. To varying degrees,
European IT leaders are the most reluctant to support BYOD among their employees,
and view it in the least optimistic light. Consequently, they are seeing fewer
employee-owned devices and nonapproved applications. In short, they appear to be
reacting to BYOD in order to minimize its impact on how business is currently done,
rather than embracing it to improve the freedom of their employees to work the way
they prefer. While there are some potential downsides to BYOD, such as security
risks and increased complexity of managing multiple device platforms, Cisco IBSG
believes that these risks pale in comparison to the benefits that can be reaped with
a well-conceived BYOD strategy. European companies could suffer in comparison
to those in competing countries that are using BYOD to harness employee-driven
improvements in productivity, collaboration, and execution.
United Kingdom
Highest percentage of IT leaders in Europe (51 percent) who believe employee-
owned devices are growing as a share of total devices connecting to network
Top beneft of BYOD is lower costs
Much higher percentage of enterprises (29 percent) than midsize frms (7
percent) have completed, or are implementing, desktop virtualization
France
Next to Germany (50 percent), lowest percentage of employees who use a
mobile device for work (52 percent)
Lowest percentage of IT leaders who believe BYOD is positive for their
organizations (40 percent)
Highest combined percentage of companies that prohibit employee-owned
devices, or offer network access with no other support (51 percent)
Germany
Lowest percentage of smartphones, laptops, and tablets owned by employees
in the study
Highest percentage of companies that provide no support for employee-owned
devices (22 percent)
Only country where the percentage of IT leaders seeing no benefit to BYOD
was higher than any other benefit, including higher employee productivity, which
was the top choice, on average
Russia
Highest percentage of IT leaders who say security is top BYOD challenge (38
percent)
Lowest level of desktop virtualization implementation (48 percent have
no desktop virtualization strategy); see virtualization as least applicable to
employees
European companies
could suffer in
comparison to those
in competing countries
that are using BYOD
to harness employee-
driven improvements in
productivity, collaboration,
and execution.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
Endnotes
1. In this paper, we refer to employees and knowledge workers
interchangeably. We defne knowledge worker broadly: white-collar workers,
managers, and professionals who work in a corporate setting.
2. An increasing number of consumers across the world are purchasing mobile
devices. Below are recent fgures for smartphone and tablet penetration in the
countries we studied. Smartphone penetration: U.S. 44%, Canada 33%, U.K.
51%, France 38%, Germany 29%, Russia 25% (2011), China 33%, India 23%
(2011), Mexico 20%, Brazil 14%. Figures are for 2012 unless otherwise noted
(source: Google/IPSOS). Tablet penetration in 2012 is as follows: U.S. 42%,
Canada 22%, U.K. 28%, Germany 12%, France 19%, Russia 3%, China 3%,
India 2%, Mexico 3%, Brazil 4% (source: Strategy Analytics).
3. BYOD and Virtualization: Top 10 Insights from Cisco IBSG Horizons Study,
Cisco IBSG, 2012, http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/BYOD.pdf
4. The U.S. results in this study differ slightly from the results of the original U.S.
study because of the addition of 312 respondents from midsize companies.
5. Mobile devices include, but are not limited to, laptops, smartphones, and
tablets.
6. Source: Cisco IT
7. In fall 2012, Cisco IBSG will release the next wave of its BYOD Horizons
program, which will feature the quantified benefits of BYOD to companies.
8. Desktop virtualization is often called virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI),
hosted virtual desktop (HVD), desktop as a service (DaaS), and server-based
computing.
Horizons
Cisco IBSG
Survey Report
About Cisco IBSG Horizons
Horizons is a multimodal research and analysis program designed to identify
business transformation opportunities fueled by technology innovation. Horizons
multimodal approach focuses on three core areas: (1) primary research such as
customer surveys, focus groups, and subject-matter-expert interviews; (2) in-depth
secondary research from market leaders and influencers; and (3) the application
of predictive analytics to garner insights about technology innovations and quantify
their impacts.
For more information about the Cisco IBSG BYOD and Virtualization Horizons
study, please contact:
Joseph Bradley
Cisco IBSG Research & Economics Practice
josbradl@cisco.com
Jeff Loucks
jeloucks@cisco.com
James Macaulay
jmacaula@cisco.com
Richard Medcalf
rmedcalf@cisco.com
Lauren Buckalew
labuckal@cisco.com

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