IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X

PP 60-63
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International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology 2014 (ICAET-2014) 60 | Page

Can crusher machine using scotch yoke mechanism

Shadab Husain
1
, Mohammad Shadab Sheikh
2

5
th
semester, Mechanical Engineering Student , Anjuman college of Engineering and technology, Nagpur, India

ABSTRACT: Nowadays in India, recycling is one of the areas which is rapidly increasing day by day. The
amount of waste coming is in a tremendous quantity. Aluminium cans and Tin plate cans are one of the
important product which is being recycled on an increasing scale. For carrying out this recycling can crushers
are used . For recycling of these cans , manual operation is being carried out in industries, which is a time
consuming process and ultimately it leads to the reduction of production rate. In order to crush the cans in a
less time ,we are designing a can crusher machine using scotch yoke mechanism having multi or two side
crushing ability. A can crusher machine is used for crushing aluminium soda cans for recycling purpose and
also for easy storage in recycling bins. The scotch yoke mechanism converts the rotating motion into
reciprocating motion, this is the principle which we are using in our can crusher.
Keywords : scotch yoke mechanism ,rigid construction at low cost, electric supply.

I. INTRODUCTION
Aluminium can recycling is the process by which scrap aluminium can be reused in products after its
initial production. The process involves simply re-melting the metal, which is far less expensive and energy
intensive than creating new aluminium through the electrolysis of aluminium HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide" oxide (Al
2
O
3
), which must first be mined from bauxite ore and
then refined using the Bayer process. Recycling scrap aluminium requires only 5% of the energy used to make
new aluminium.
.
For this reason, approximately 31% of all aluminium produced in the United States comes from
recycled scrap.

Fig. existing increasing % of cans recycled in uk
In today scenerio our country is facing huge difficulty in recycling of soft metal like (aluminium
cans).now a days it is becomes the backbone of industrial activity to delivery their product to there customer. for
crushing of cans manual operation is carried out which is time consuming and also fatigue to operator . Also
various machines are available like hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical type machines but these machines are
very costly, large in size, requires attention of operator.
In order to solve this problem we are designing can crusher machine using scotch mechanism having
multi(two side) crushing ability. The main advantages is that even unskilled person can easily handle it and we
can achieve multi crushing ability at a low cost.
1.1 Definition of can crusher
A can crusher is a device used for crushing aluminum soda cans for easier storage in recycling bins.
While most recyclers dont require you to crush cans, if you do recycle a lot, your normal bin may fill up
quickly. The can crusher gives you extra space by flattening either single or multiple cans.
1.2 Concept of mechanism
The Scotch yoke is a reciprocating motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into
rotational motion or vice-versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke with a
slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. The shape of the motion of the piston is a pure sine wave over time
given a constant rotational speed.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X
PP 60-63
www.iosrjournals.org
International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology 2014 (ICAET-2014) 61 | Page


This mechanism is used for converting rotary motion into a reciprocating motion. The inversion is
obtained by fixing either the link 1 or link 3. In Fig, link 1 is fixed. In this mechanism, when the link 2 (which
corresponds to crank) rotates about B as centre, the link 4 (which corresponds to a frame) reciprocates. The
fixed link 1 guides the frame.

II. WORKING
Now as the motor rotates the motor is having a smaller pulley connected to its shaft ,the smaller pulley
through the belt is connected to secondary pulley which rotates it .
There is another pulley which is connected to the main pulley through belt which also rotates it.
As the main pulley rotates it also rotates the main shaft which in turn rotates the disk and the whole mechanism
starts working.
When the disk rotates the collar also moves with it which moves the slotted plate left and right and the
rods which are connected to the slotted plate also start to reciprocate and the pads connected to the rods crush
the cans when the cans comes in the slot on the two extreme corners of the stand
The crushed cans once crushed will pass through the rectangular slots provided and go into the waste bins. From
our project we conclude that it crushes the cans satisfactorily in very less time and that is why It can be used in
mass production.
By using Scotch Yoke Mechanism we have successfully made a can crusher.


Fig.Design of Can Crusher Machine

III. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Pulleys and Shafts
The can crusher consists of four pulleys, two of which are smaller pulleys having the same diameter of
81 mm and there are two bigger pulleys one of them is connected to the main shaft having a diameter of 11
inches and the other pulley having a diameter of 9 inches which is connected to the secondary shaft.
Now there are two shafts, one is the main shaft having diameter of 28 mm which is connected to the
Scotch Yoke Mechanism .This shaft is supported by two pedestial bearing which are supported on two
horizontal angle bars.
The other shaft is the secondary shaft having a diameter of 38 mm which is used speed reducing by
using pulleys which are connected on one of its end. There are two pillow bearings which supports this shaft.
3.2 Mechanism:
Now coming on to the mechanism as described earlier that it is a Scotch Yoke Mechanism.
It consist of circular disk having a diameter of 310 mm which is having a hole of 13 mm thickness so that the
collar which will be supporting the slotted plate can enter into the hole.The disk is made up of mild steel.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X
PP 60-63
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International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology 2014 (ICAET-2014) 62 | Page

The collar is also made up of mild steel .The collar is having four different diameter ,the collar is threaded on
one of its end to which a nut is fixed. This collar is inserted in the hole provided in the circular disk.
There is a slotted plate which is supported by the collar. The slotted plate is having a slot of 48 mm thickness.
The length of the slotted plate is 304 mm. The slotted plate consist of two internal threading on its left and right
side so that he two pistons having reciprocating motion can be attached.
The two pistons/rods having a length of 380 mm and diameter of 22 mm are threaded on one of its end the
threaded part enters the internal threading of the slotted plate.
The other end of the rod is connected to the pads which crush the cans.
The pads are mild steel pads having thickness of 26 mm and diameter of 88 mm.
3.3. Frame and other parts:
The stand which supports the complete assembly is made up of angle bars.
The stand is 4*2 feet in size.
The stand has been made by welding each angle to one another.
The portion of the stand which is coming on the side of mechanism consist of two mild steel plates having
length of 155 mm and breadth of 134 mm and a thickness of 13 mm .On these plates the pad strikes the can.
On the two extreme corners there are two slots provided son that the crushed cans can go to the waste bins.

IV. CACULATION AND EQUATIONS:
Main Pulley speed :
N
1
= 1425 R.P.M
N
2
= ?
D
1
= 225 mm
D
2
= 275 mm
N
2
/N
1 =
D
1
/D
2
N
2
=1165.90 R.P.M
Secondary Pulley Torque :
Power = 736 watts
P = 2**N
1
*T
1
/60*10
3
T
1
=4.93*10
3
N-mm
T
1
= /16*f
s
*d
1
3

F
s(ind)
=1.14 N/mm
2
< f
s(perm.)
= 34 N/mm
2
Therefore, Design is Safe
Main Pulley Torque :
Power = 736 watts
P = 2**N
2
*T
2
/60*10
3

T
2
= 6.77*10
3
N/mm
2

T
2
= /16*f
s
*d
2
3

F
s(ind)
=1,39 N/mm
2
< f
s(perm.)
= 34 N/mm
2
Therefore, Design is Safe
For Load Calculation :
F
t
= 4P/d
2

P = 353 KN
Motor:
Power HP =1
R.P.M. =1425
Cycle=50
Volt=230 volt

V.CONCLUSION
Advantages
1. Saves time since it has a multi-crushing ability.
2. Less labour cost.
3. Crushing is done at very low cost.
4. Scrap recycling industries will not have to invest much on crushing of the cans .

IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X
PP 60-63
www.iosrjournals.org
International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology 2014 (ICAET-2014) 63 | Page

Applications
1. It can be used in scrap industries for crushing cans.
2. It can be used in multiplexes, malls ,and in places where there is a lot of use of cans .

Testing and Result
Following table shows the tests which were carried out on the Can Crusher and the following results
were obtained :


VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We ardently wish to extend, most modestly, our heartfelt gratitude to all those sincere and timely aids
have help materialized this project. We profusely thank to Mr. Sajid Siddiqui (Senior Lecturer) Mechanical
Department, for his skillful and learned piloting towards the goal of this project. Mechanical Engineering, and
other staff members of Anjuman college of engineering and technology for guiding us and giving their valuable
time and suggestions.

REFRENCES
1.Theory of machine; by khurmi gupta
2. Design data book : by B. D. Shiwalkar
3.Theory of machine;by Ratan
4.www.wisegeek HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm".com/what-is-a- HYPERLINK
"http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm"can HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm"-
HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm"crusher HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-
crusher.htm".htm HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-aluminum-cans-recycled.htm"
5.www.wisegeek HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-aluminum-cans-recycled.htm".com/how-are-aluminum- HYPERLINK
"http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-aluminum-cans-recycled.htm"can HYPERLINK "http://www.wisegeek.com/how-are-aluminum-cans-
recycled.htm"s-recycled.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon steel

Sr.no No. of cans Time Required To
Crush the Can
Mean

sec
L.H.S
sec
R.H.S
sec
1.
2 1.70 1.75 1.72
2.
2 1.65 1.69 1.67
3.
2 1.57 1.59 1.58
4.
2 1.55 1.65 1.6
5.
2 1.70 1.69 1.71
6.
2 1.72 1.70 1.71
7.
2 1.59 1.54 1.56
8.
2 1.77 1.70 1.73
9.
2 1.70 1.75 1.72
10.
2 1.59 1.61 1.60