2012 Model Financial Statements

International GAAP Holdings Limited
Model financial statements for the year

ended 31 December 2012
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Contents
Page
Section 1 Overview of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 1
Section 2 Model financial statements of International GAAP Holdings Limited for the year ended 31 December 2012 9
International GAAP Holdings Limited 2012 1
Section 1 Overview of new and revised International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
This section covers the following:
an overview of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) that are mandatorily effective for the year ended 31 December
2012; and
an overview of new and revised IFRSs that are not yet mandatorily effective but allow early application for the year ended 31 December 2012.
For this purpose, the discussion below reflects a cut-off date of 31 July 2012. The potential impact of the application of any new and revised
IFRSs issued by the IASB after 31 July 2012 but before the financial statements are issued should also be considered and disclosed.
Amendments to IFRSs that are mandatorily effective for the year ended 31 December 2012
Amendments to IFRSs
Effective for annual periods
beginning on or after
Application
Amendments to IFRS 1 Severe Hyperinflation 1 July 2011 Retrospective application.
Amendments to IFRS 1 Removal of Fixed Dates for
First-time Adopters
1 July 2011 Retrospective application.
Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Transfers of
Financial Assets
1 July 2011 Entities need not provide the disclosures required by the amendments
for any period presented that begins before the date of initial
application of the amendments.
Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax: Recovery of
Underlying Assets
1 January 2012 Retrospective application.
Amendments to IFRS 1 Severe Hyperinflation
(Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2011)
The amendments regarding severe hyperinflation provide guidance for entities emerging from severe hyperinflation either to resume presenting IFRS
financial statements or to present IFRS financial statements for the first time.
Amendments to IFRS 1 Removal of Fixed Dates for First-time Adopters
The amendments regarding the removal of fixed dates provide relief to first-time adopters of IFRSs from reconstructing transactions that occurred
before their date of transition to IFRSs.
Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Transfers of Financial Assets
The amendments to IFRS 7 increase the disclosure requirements for transactions involving transfers of financial assets. These amendments are
intended to provide greater transparency around risk exposures of transactions where a financial asset is transferred but the transferor retains some
level of continuing exposure in the asset.
Amendments to IAS 12: Deferred Tax Recovery of Underlying Assets
(Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012)
The amendments to IAS 12 provide an exception to the general principle set out in IAS 12 Income Taxes that the measurement of deferred tax
should reflect the manner in which an entity expects to recover the carrying amount of an asset. Specifically, the amendments establish a rebuttable
presumption that the carrying amount of an investment property measured using the fair value model in IAS 40 Investment Property will be recovered
entirely through sale. The amendments were issued in response to concerns that application of IAS 12s general approach can be difficult or
subjective for investment property measured at fair value because it may be that the entity intends to hold the asset for an indefinite or
indeterminate period of time, during which it anticipates both rental income and capital appreciation.
Under the amendments, unless the presumption is rebutted, the measurement of the deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset is required to reflect
the tax consequences of recovering the carrying amount of the investment property entirely through sale. The sale presumption is rebutted if the
investment property is depreciable and the investment property is held within a business model whose objective is to consume substantially all of
the economic benefits embodied in the investment property over time, rather than through sale.
Following the application of the amendments, entities holding investment property accounted for using the fair value model in accordance with
IAS 40 in jurisdictions where tax is not imposed on sale of the investment property will no longer recognise deferred tax on any temporary
differences arising from fair value gains or losses (unless the presumption is rebutted). This is because there would be no tax consequences expected
to arise from recovering the carrying amount entirely through sale, regardless of whether the entity intends to use the property to generate rental
income for a period of time prior to sale.
For depreciable investment property, the application of the amendments will result in a change in accounting policy. When the deferred tax
associated with an investment property was previously determined based on expectations that the property would be recovered through use, the
measurement basis will need to be changed unless the sale presumption is rebutted. When the amendments result in a change to the basis of
measurement and the effect is material, prior year amounts are required to be restated as the amendments require full retrospective application.
New and revised IFRSs that are available for early application
The following new and revised IFRSs are not mandatorily effective for the year ended 31 December 2012. However, they are available for
early application. Paragraph 30 of IAS 8 requires entities to consider and disclose the potential impact of new and revised IFRSs that have
been issued but are not yet effective.
The list below reflects a cut-off date of 31 July 2012. The potential impact of the application of any new and revised IFRSs issued by the IASB
after 31 July 2012 but before the financial statements are issued should also be considered and disclosed.
2
New IFRS on financial instruments Effective for annual periods
Application
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as revised in 2010) 1 January 2015 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 Mandatory
Effective Date of IFRS 9 and Transition Disclosures
1 January 2015 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
New and revised IFRSs on consolidation, joint
arrangements, associates and disclosures
Effective for annual periods
Application
IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements 1 January 2013 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
Earlier application is permitted if IFRS 11, IFRS 12, IAS 27 (as revised
in 2011) and IAS 28 (as revised in 2011) are early applied at the same
time.
IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements 1 January 2013 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
Earlier application is permitted if IFRS 10, IFRS 12, IAS 27 (as revised
in 2011) and IAS 28 (as revised in 2011) are early applied at the same
time.
IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities 1 January 2013 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
Entities are encouraged to provide information required by IFRS 12
earlier than annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013.
Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12
Consolidated Financial Statements, Joint
Arrangements and Disclosure of Interests in Other
Entities: Transition Guidance
1 January 2013 The amendments clarify certain transition guidance on the application
of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 for the first time.
IAS 27 Separate Financial Statements
(as revised in 2011)
Earlier application is permitted if IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS 12 and IAS 28
(as revised in 2011) are early applied at the same time.
IAS 28 Investments in Associates and
Joint Ventures (as revised in 2011)
Earlier application is permitted if IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS 12 and IAS 27
(as revised in 2011) are early applied at the same time.
New IFRS on fair value measurement Effective for annual periods
Application
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement 1 January 2013 Prospective application.
The disclosure requirements of IFRS 13 need not be applied in
comparative information provided for periods before initial application
of IFRS 13.
Revised IFRS on employee benefits Effective for annual periods
Application
IAS 19 Employee Benefits (as revised in 2011) 1 January 2013 Retrospective application, with specific transitional provisions.
New IFRS on financial instruments
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as revised in 2010)
IFRS 9 (as originally issued in 2009) introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets.
Under IFRS 9, all recognised financial assets that are currently within the scope of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
will be subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value. A debt instrument that (i) is held within a business model whose objective is
to collect the contractual cash flows and (ii) has contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount
outstanding are generally measured at amortised cost. All other debt instruments must be measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
A fair value option is available (provided that certain specified conditions are met) as an alternative to amortised cost measurement.
All equity investments within the scope of IAS 39 are to be measured in the statement of financial position at fair value, with the gains and losses
recognised in profit or loss. If an equity investment is not held for trading, an irrevocable election can be made at initial recognition to measure the
investment at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), with only dividend income generally recognised in profit or loss.
In 2010, a revised version of IFRS 9 was issued. The revised version of IFRS 9 mainly adds the requirements for the classification and measurement
of financial liabilities and derecognition requirements. One major change from IAS 39 relates to the presentation of changes in the fair value of a
financial liability (designated as at fair value through profit or loss) attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability. Specifically, under IFRS 9,
for financial liabilities that are designated as FVTPL, the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in
the credit risk of that liability is presented in other comprehensive income, unless the presentation of the effects of changes in the liabilitys credit
risk in other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss. Changes in the fair value attributable to a
financial liabilitys credit risk are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss. Under IAS 39, the entire amount of the change in the fair value of the
financial liability designated as FVTPL is presented in profit or loss.
In December 2011, the IASB issued Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7. The amendments defer the mandatory effective date of IFRS 9 from 1 January
2013 to 1 January 2015, with early application permitted. The amendments also modify the transitional requirements from IAS 39 to IFRS 9.
At the date of publication of these illustrative financial statements, phases two and three of the financial instruments project, being the impairment
of financial assets and hedge accounting phases respectively, are still a work in progress. The IASB is also considering limited improvements to IFRS 9
regarding the classification and measurement of financial instruments. Preparers of financial statements should be aware of the status of these
phases in considering any potential early application of IFRS 9.
New and revised IFRSs on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures
In 2011, the IASB issued a package of five standards on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures, including IFRS 10, IFRS 11,
IFRS 12, IAS 27 (as revised in 2011) and IAS 28 (as revised in 2011).
Each of the five standards is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, with early application permitted. In general, if an
entity wishes early application, it should apply all of the five standards early at the same time.
IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements
IFRS 10 replaces the part of IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements that deals with consolidated financial statements and
SIC-12 Consolidation Special Purpose Entities.
Amendments to IFRSs Effective for annual periods
Application
Amendments to IFRS 1 Government Loans 1 January 2013 Retrospective application.
Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Offsetting
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other
Comprehensive Income
1 July 2012 Retrospective application.
Amendments to IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle 1 January 2013 Retrospective application.
New Interpretation Effective for annual periods
Application
IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of
a Surface Mine
1 January 2013 This Interpretation should be applied to production stripping costs
incurred on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented, with
specific transitional provisions.
Type of joint arrangement Features Accounting under IFRS 11
Joint venture Joint venturers have rights to the net assets of the
arrangement.
Equity method of accounting proportionate
consolidation is not allowed.
Joint operation Joint operators have rights to the assets and
obligations for the liabilities of the arrangement.
Each joint operator recognises its share of the
assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.
Under IFRS 11, the existence of a separate vehicle is no longer a sufficient condition for a joint arrangement to be classified as a joint venture
whereas, under IAS 31, the establishment of a separate legal vehicle is the key factor in determining the existence of a jointly controlled entity.
4
Headline changes brought about by IFRS 10 are as follows:
Under IFRS 10, there is only one basis for consolidation for all entities, and that basis is control. This change removes the perceived inconsistency
between the previous version of IAS 27 and SIC-12 the former used control concept whilst the latter placed greater emphasis on risks and
rewards.
A more robust definition of control has been developed in IFRS 10 in order to address unintentional weaknesses of the definition of control set
out in the previous version of IAS 27. The definition of control in IFRS 10 includes three elements: (a) power over an investee, (b) exposure, or
rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and (c) ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the
investors returns.
IFRS 10 requires an investor to focus on activities that significantly affect the returns of an investee (relevant activities) in assessing whether it
has control over the investee (not merely financial and operating policies as set out in the previous version of IAS 27).
IFRS 10 replaces the term benefits with the term returns so as to clarify that an investors returns could potentially be positive, negative or
both.
IFRS 10 makes it clear that there must be a linkage between power and returns from the investee.
IFRS 10 requires that, in assessing control, only substantive rights (i.e. rights that their holder has the practical ability to exercise) are
considered. For a right to be substantive, the right needs to be currently exercisable at the time when decisions about the relevant activities
need to be made.
IFRS 10 adds application guidance to assist in assessing whether an investor controls an investee in complex scenarios, including:
Application guidance on when an investor that has less than 50 per cent of the voting rights of an investee has control over the investee
(commonly referred to as de facto control).
Application guidance on whether a decision maker is acting as a principal or an agent for another party. A decision maker that has decision-
making authority over the relevant activities of an investee does not have control over the investee when it is merely an agent.
Application guidance on when a particular set of assets and liabilities of an investee (i.e. a portion of an investee) can be deemed as a separate
entity for the purposes of determining whether that portion is a subsidiary of the investor. IFRS 10 states that a portion of an investee is treated
as a separate entity for consolidation purposes when that portion is economically ring-fenced from the rest of the investee.
IFRS 10 does not contain bright lines as to when an investor should or should not consolidate an investee.
Overall, the application of IFRS 10 requires significant judgement on a number of aspects.
IFRS 10 requires investors to reassess whether or not they have control over their investees on transition to IFRS 10. In general, IFRS 10 requires
retrospective application, with certain limited transitional provisions.
Regarding the requirements for the preparation of consolidated financial statements, most of the requirements have been moved unchanged from
the previous version of IAS 27 to IFRS 10.
IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements
IFRS 11 replaces IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures and SIC-13 Jointly Controlled Entities Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers.
IFRS 11 deals with how a joint arrangement should be classified where two or more parties have joint control. There are two types of joint
arrangements under IFRS 11: joint operations and joint ventures. These two types of joint arrangements are distinguished by parties rights and
obligations under the arrangements.
Therefore, upon application of IFRS 11, the following changes may occur:
IFRS 11 requires retrospective application with specific transitional provisions.
IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities
IFRS 12 is a disclosure standard and is applicable to entities that have interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates or unconsolidated
structured entities.
IFRS 12 establishes disclosure objectives and specifies minimum disclosures that entities must provide to meet those objectives. The objective of
IFRS 12 is that an entity should disclose information that helps users of financial statements evaluate the nature of, and risks associated with, its
interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on its financial statements.
The disclosure requirements set out in IFRS 12 are more extensive than those in the current standards.
Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 Consolidated Financial Statements, Joint Arrangements and Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities:
Transition Guidance
The amendments clarify certain transitional guidance on the application of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 for the first time. The major clarifications
are as follows:
The amendments explain that the date of initial application of IFRS 10 means the beginning of the annual reporting period in which IFRS 10 is
applied for the first time.
The amendments clarify how a reporting entity should adjust comparative period(s) retrospectively if the consolidation conclusion reached at the
date of initial application under IFRS 10 is different from that under IAS 27/ SIC-12.
When the control over an investee was lost during the comparative period (e.g. as a result of a disposal), the amendments confirm there is no
need to adjust the comparative figures retrospectively (even though a different consolidation conclusion might have been reached under
IAS 27/SIC-12 and IFRS 10).
When a reporting entity concludes, on the basis of the requirements of IFRS 10, that it should consolidate an investee that was not previously
consolidated, IFRS 10 requires the entity to apply acquisition accounting in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations to measure assets,
liabilities and non-controlling interests of the investee at the date when the entity obtained control of the investee (based on the requirements of
IFRS 10). The amendments clarify which version of IFRS 3 should be used in different scenarios.
The amendments provide additional transitional relief by limiting the requirement to present adjusted comparative information to the period
immediately before the date of initial application. They also eliminate the requirements to present comparative information for disclosures related
to unconsolidated structured entities for any period before the first annual period in which IFRS 12 is applied.
The effective date of the amendments is the same as the effective date of IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 (i.e. 1 January 2013 for calendar-year
entities).
New IFRS on fair value measurement
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement
IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not
change the requirements regarding which items should be measured or disclosed at fair value.
IFRS 13 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. The scope of
IFRS 13 is broad; it applies to both financial instrument items and non-financial instrument items for which other IFRSs require or permit fair value
measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements, except in specified circumstances. In general, the disclosure requirements in IFRS 13
are more extensive than those required by the current standards. For example, quantitative and qualitative disclosures based on the three-level fair
value hierarchy currently required for financial instruments only under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures will be extended by IFRS 13 to cover
all assets and liabilities within its scope.
IAS 31
Jointly controlled entity
accounted for using equity
method
Jointly controlled entity
accounted for using
proportionate consolidation
IFRS 11
Joint operation
Joint venture
(must be accounted for using the
equity method of accounting)
6
IFRS 13 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, with earlier application permitted. IFRS 13 should be applied
prospectively as of the beginning of the annual period in which it is initially applied. The disclosure requirements of IFRS 13 need not be applied in
comparative information provided for periods before initial application of the Standard.
IAS 19 Employee Benefits (as revised in 2011)
The amendments to IAS 19 change the accounting for defined benefit plans and termination benefits. The most significant change relates to the
accounting for changes in defined benefit obligations and plan assets. The amendments require the recognition of changes in defined benefit
obligations and in fair value of plan assets when they occur, and hence eliminate the corridor approach permitted under the previous version of
IAS 19 and accelerate the recognition of past service costs. The amendments require all actuarial gains and losses to be recognised immediately
through other comprehensive income in order for the net pension asset or liability recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position to
reflect the full value of the plan deficit or surplus.
Another significant change to IAS 19 relates to the presentation of changes in defined benefit obligations and plan assets with changes being split
into three components:
Service cost recognised in profit or loss and includes current and past service cost as well as gains or losses on settlements.
Net interest recognised in profit or loss and calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the reporting period to the net defined
benefit liability or asset at the beginning of each reporting period.
Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income and comprises actuarial gains and losses on the defined benefit obligation, the excess
of the actual return on plan assets over the change in plan assets due to the passage of time and the changes, if any, due to the impact of the
asset ceiling.
As a result, the profit or loss will no longer include an expected return on plan assets; instead, imputed finance income is calculated on the plan
assets and is recognised as part of the net interest cost in profit or loss. Any actual return above or below the imputed finance income on plan
assets is recognised as part of remeasurement in other comprehensive income.
The amendments to IAS 19 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 and require retrospective application with certain
exceptions.
Amendments to other IFRSs
Amendments to IFRS 1 Government Loans
The amendments provide relief to first-time adopters of IFRSs by amending IFRS 1 to allow prospective application of IAS 39 or IFRS 9 and
paragraph 10A of IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance to government loans outstanding at the
date of transition to IFRSs.
Amendments to IAS 32 and IFRS 7 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and the related disclosures
(Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2013 respectively)
The amendments to IAS 32 clarify existing application issues relating to the offsetting requirements. Specifically, the amendments clarify the
meaning of currently has a legally enforceable right of set-off and simultaneous realisation and settlement. The amendments to IAS 32 are
effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014, with retrospective application required.
The amendments to IFRS 7 require entities to disclose information about rights of offset and related arrangements (such as collateral posting
requirements) for financial instruments under an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The amendments to IFRS 7 are
required for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 and interim periods within those annual periods. The disclosures should be
provided retrospectively for all comparative periods.
Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income
The amendments to IAS 1 introduce new terminology for the statement of comprehensive income and income statement. Under the amendments
to IAS 1, the statement of comprehensive income is renamed as a statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the income
statement is renamed as a statement of profit or loss. The amendments to IAS 1 retain the option to present profit or loss and other comprehensive
income in either a single statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. However, the amendments to IAS 1 require additional
disclosures to be made in the other comprehensive income section such that items of other comprehensive income are grouped into two
categories: (a) items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss; and (b) items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
when specific conditions are met. Income tax on items of other comprehensive income is required to be allocated on the same basis the
amendments do not change the option to present items of other comprehensive income either before tax or net of tax.
Standard Subject of amendment Details
IFRS 1
First-time
Adoption of
International
Financial
Reporting
Standards
Repeated application of IFRS 1 The amendments clarify that an entity may apply IFRS 1 if its most recent previous
annual financial statements did not contain an explicit and unreserved statement of
compliance with IFRSs, even if the entity applied IFRS 1 in the past. An entity that does
not elect to apply IFRS 1 must apply IFRSs retrospectively as if there was no interruption.
An entity should disclose:
a) the reason why it stopped applying IFRSs;
b) the reason why it is resuming the application of IFRSs; and
c) the reason why it has elected not to apply IFRS 1, if applicable.
Borrowing costs The amendments clarify that borrowing costs capitalised under previous GAAP before
the date of transition to IFRSs may be carried forward without adjustment to the
amount previously capitalised at the transition date. As for borrowing costs incurred on
or after the date of transition to IFRSs that relate to qualifying assets under construction
at the date of transition, the amendments clarify that they should be accounted for in
accordance with IAS 23 Borrowing Costs.
The amendments also state that a first-time adopter can choose to apply IAS 23 at a
date earlier than the transition date.
IAS 1
Presentation
of Financial
Statements
Clarification of the requirements for comparative
information
The amendments to IAS 1 clarify that an entity is required to present a statement of
financial position as at the beginning of the preceding period (third statement of
financial position) only when the retrospective application of an accounting policy,
restatement or reclassification has a material effect on the information in the third
statement of financial position and that the related notes are not required to accompany
the third statement of financial position.
The amendments also clarify that additional comparative information is not necessary
for periods beyond the minimum comparative financial statement requirements of IAS 1.
However, if additional comparative information is provided, the information should be
presented in accordance with IFRSs, including related note disclosure of comparative
information for any additional statements included beyond the minimum comparative
financial statement requirements. Presenting additional comparative information
voluntarily would not trigger a requirement to provide a complete set of financial
statements.
IAS 16
Property, Plant
and Equipment
Classification of servicing equipment The amendments clarify that spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment
should be classified as property, plant and equipment when they meet the definition of
property, plant and equipment in IAS 16 and as inventory otherwise.
IAS 32
Financial
Instruments:
Presentation
Tax effect of distribution to holders of equity
instruments
The amendments clarify that income tax on distributions to holders of an equity
instrument and on transaction costs of an equity transaction should be accounted for in
accordance with IAS 12.
IAS 34
Interim
Financial
Reporting
Interim financial reporting and segment
information for total assets and liabilities
The amendments clarify that the total assets and total liabilities for a particular
reportable segment would be separately disclosed in interim financial reporting only
when the amounts are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and
there has been a material change from the amounts disclosed in the last annual financial
statements for that reportable segment.
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle
The Annual Improvements include amendments to five IFRSs which have been summarised below.
New Interpretation
IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine
IFRIC 20 applies to waste removal costs that are incurred in surface mining activity during the production phase of the mine (production stripping
costs). Under the Interpretation, the costs from this waste removal activity (stripping) which provide improved access to ore is recognised as a
non-current asset (stripping activity asset) when certain criteria are met, whereas the costs of normal ongoing operational stripping activities are
accounted for in accordance with IAS 2 Inventories. The stripping activity asset is accounted for as an addition to, or as an enhancement of, an
existing asset and classified as tangible or intangible according to the nature of the existing asset of which it forms part.
The Interpretation is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. An entity should apply this Interpretation to production
stripping costs incurred on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented, with specific transitional provisions.
8
Section 2 Model financial statements of International GAAP
Holdings Limited for the year ended 31 December 2012
The model financial statements of International GAAP Holdings Limited for the year ended 31 December 2012 are intended to illustrate the
presentation and disclosure requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). They also contain additional disclosures that are
considered to be best practice, particularly where such disclosures are included in illustrative examples provided within a specific Standard.
International GAAP Holdings Limited is assumed to have presented financial statements in accordance with IFRSs for a number of years. Therefore,
it is not a first-time adopter of IFRSs. Readers should refer to IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards for specific
requirements regarding an entitys first IFRS financial statements, and to the IFRS 1 section of Deloittes IFRS Compliance, Presentation and
Disclosure Checklist for details of the particular disclosure requirements applicable for first-time adopters. Deloittes IFRS Compliance, Presentation
and Disclosure Checklist can be downloaded from Deloittes web site www.iasplus.com.
The model financial statements illustrate the impact of the application of the amendments to IFRSs that are mandatorily effective for the annual
period beginning on 1 January 2012. The model financial statements do not illustrate the impact of the application of new and revised IFRSs that
were not yet mandatorily effective on 1 January 2012 (e.g. IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and the package of five standards on consolidation, joint
arrangements and associates) except for the following amendments to IFRSs:
amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income (effective 1 July 2012); and
amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements as part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011Cycle, which provide
guidance on when the statement of financial position as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period and the related notes are required
to be disclosed (effective 1 January 2013).
In addition, the model financial statements have been presented without regard to local laws or regulations. Preparers of financial statements will
need to ensure that the options selected under IFRSs do not conflict with such sources of regulation (e.g. the revaluation of assets is not permitted
under certain reporting regimes but these financial statements illustrate the presentation and disclosures required when an entity adopts the
revaluation model under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment). In addition, local laws or securities regulations may specify disclosures in addition
to those required by IFRSs (e.g. in relation to directors remuneration). Preparers of financial statements will consequently need to adapt the model
financial statements to comply with such additional local requirements.
The model financial statements do not include separate financial statements for the parent, which may be required by local laws or regulations, or
may be prepared voluntarily. Where an entity presents separate financial statements that comply with IFRSs, the requirements of IAS 27 Consolidated
and Separate Financial Statements will apply. Separate statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, financial position, changes in
equity and cash flows for the parent will generally be required, together with supporting notes.
Suggested disclosures are cross-referenced to the underlying requirements in the texts of the relevant Standards and Interpretations.
For the purposes of presenting the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and cash flows, the alternatives allowed under
IFRSs for those statements have been illustrated. Preparers should select the alternatives most appropriate to their circumstances and apply the
chosen presentation method consistently.
Note that in these model financial statements, we have frequently included line items for which a nil amount is shown, so as to illustrate items that,
although not applicable to International GAAP Holdings Limited, are commonly encountered in practice. This does not mean that we have
illustrated all possible disclosures. Nor should it be taken to mean that, in practice, entities are required to display line items for such nil amounts.
Furthermore, changes to the model financial statements to illustrate the effect of the application of new and revised IFRSs for the first time are
underlined to highlight the main changes for this reporting period.
10
Contents
Page
Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
Alt 1 Single statement presentation, with expenses analysed by function 12
Alt 2 Presentation as two statements, with expenses analysed by nature 14
Consolidated statement of financial position 16
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 18
Consolidated statement of cash flows
Alt 1 Direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities 20
Alt 2 Indirect method of reporting cash flows from operating activities 21
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 23
Auditors report 134
Index to the notes to the consolidated financial statements
Page
1 General information 23
2 Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards 23
3 Significant accounting policies 29
4 Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 46
5 Revenue 48
6 Segment information 48
7 Investment income 53
8 Other gains and losses 54
9 Finance costs 55
10 Income taxes relating to continuing operations 56
11 Discontinued operations 61
12 Assets classified as held for sale 62
13 Profit for the year from continuing operations 63
14 Earnings per share 65
15 Property, plant and equipment 68
16 Investment property 71
17 Goodwill 72
18 Other intangible assets 75
19 Subsidiaries 77
20 Investments in associates 78
21 Joint ventures 80
22 Other financial assets 81
23 Other assets 82
24 Inventories 82
25 Trade and other receivables 83
26 Finance lease receivables 85
27 Amounts due from (to) customers under construction contracts 86
28 Issued capital 87
29 Reserves (net of income tax) 90
30 Retained earnings and dividends on equity instruments 94
31 Non-controlling interests 94
32 Borrowings 95
33 Convertible notes 96
34 Other financial liabilities 97
35 Provisions 98
36 Other liabilities 99
37 Trade and other payables 99
38 Obligations under finance leases 100
39 Retirement benefit plans 101
40 Financial instruments 104
41 Deferred revenue 120
42 Share-based payments 121
43 Related party transactions 124
44 Business combinations 126
45 Disposal of subsidiary 129
46 Cash and cash equivalent 130
48 Operating lease arrangements 132
50 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets 132
51 Events after the reporting period 133
52 Approval of financial statements 133
Source International GAAP Holdings Limited
12
IAS 1.10(b), Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
51(b),(c) for the year ended 31 December 2012 [Alt 1]
IAS 1.113 Notes Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000
(restated)
Continuing operations
IAS 1.82(a) Revenue 5 140,918 151,840
IAS 1.99 Cost of sales (87,897) (91,840)
IAS 1.85 Gross profit 53,021 60,000
IAS 1.85 Investment income 7 3,608 2,351
IAS 1.85 Other gains and losses 8 647 1,005
IAS 1.99 Distribution expenses (5,087) (4,600)
IAS 1.99 Marketing expenses (3,305) (2,254)
IAS 1.99 Administration expenses (13,129) (17,325)
Other expenses (2,801) (2,612)
IAS 1.82(b) Finance costs 9 (4,418) (6,023)
IAS 1.82(c) Share of profits of associates 20 1,186 1,589
IAS 1.85 Gain recognised on disposal of interest in former associate 20 581
IAS 1.85 Others [describe]
IAS 1.85 Profit before tax 30,303 32,131
IAS 1.82(d) Income tax expense 10 (11,555) (11,709)
IAS 1.85 Profit for the year from continuing operations 13 18,748 20,422
Discontinued operations
IAS 1.82(ea) Profit for the year from discontinued operations 11 8,310 9,995
IAS 1.81A(a) Profit for the year 27,058 30,417
IAS 1.91(a) Other comprehensive income, net of income tax 29
IAS 1.82A(a) Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Gain on revaluation of properties 1,150
Share of gain (loss) on property revaluation of associates
Others (please specify)
1,150
IAS 1.82A(b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations (39) 85
Net fair value gain on available-for-sale financial assets 66 57
Net fair value gain on hedging instruments entered into for cash flow hedges 39 20
66 162
IAS 1.81A(b) Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax 66 1,312
IAS 1.81A(c) Total comprehensive income for the year 27,124 31,729
Profit for the year attributable to:
IAS 1.81B(a)(ii) Owners of the Company 23,058 27,654
IAS 1.81B(a)(i) Non-controlling interests 4,000 2,763
27,058 30,417
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:
IAS 1.81B(b)(ii) Owners of the Company 23,124 28,966
IAS 1.81B(b)(i) Non-controlling interests 4,000 2,763
27,124 31,729
Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
for the year ended 31 December 2012 continued [Alt 1] continued
Notes Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Earnings per share 14
From continuing and discontinued operations
IAS 33.66 Basic (cents per share) 132.3 137.4
IAS 33.66 Diluted (cents per share) 115.6 131.0
From continuing operations
IAS 33.66 Basic (cents per share) 84.6 87.7
IAS 33.66 Diluted (cents per share) 74.1 83.6
Notes: The Group has applied the amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income in
advance of the effective date (annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2012). The amendments to IAS 1
introduce new terminology for the statement of comprehensive income and income statement. Under the
amendments to IAS 1, the statement of comprehensive income is renamed the statement of profit or loss and
other comprehensive income and the income statement is renamed the statement of profit or loss.
One statement vs. two statements
The amendments to IAS 1 retain the option to present profit or loss and other comprehensive income in either a
single statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. Alt 1 above illustrates the presentation of profit or
loss and other comprehensive income in one statement with expenses analysed by function. Alt 2 (see following pages)
illustrates the presentation of profit or loss and other comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive
statements with expenses analysed by nature.
Whichever presentation approach is adopted, the distinction is retained between items recognised in profit or loss
and items recognised in other comprehensive income. The objective under both approaches is to arrive at an
amount for total comprehensive income, Under the two-statement approach, the separate statement of profit or
loss ends at profit for the year', and this profit for the year is then the starting point for the statement of profit
or loss and other comprehensive income, which is required to be presented immediately following the statement
of profit or loss. In addition, the analysis of profit for the year between the amount attributable to the owners of
the Company and the amount attributable to non-controlling interests is presented as part of the separate
statement of profit or loss.
Other comprehensive income: items that may or may not be reclassified
Irrespective of whether the one-statement or the two-statement approach is followed, the items of other
comprehensive income should be classified by nature and grouped into those that, in accordance with other
IFRSs:
(a) will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss; and
(b) may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss when specific conditions are met.
Presentation options for reclassification adjustments
In addition, in accordance with paragraph 94 of IAS 1, an entity may present reclassification adjustments in the
statement(s) of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or in the notes. In Alt 1 above, the reclassification
adjustments have been presented in the notes. Alt 2 (see following pages) illustrates the presentation of the
reclassification adjustments in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
Presentation options for income tax relating to items of other comprehensive income
Furthermore, for items of other comprehensive income, additional presentation options are available as follows:
the individual items of other comprehensive income may be presented net of tax in the statement of profit or loss
and other comprehensive income (as illustrated on the previous page), or they may be presented gross with a
single line deduction for tax relating to those items by allocating the tax between the items that may be
reclassified subsequently to the profit or loss section and those that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit
or loss section (see Alt 2). Whichever option is selected, the income tax relating to each item of other
comprehensive income must be disclosed, either in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income or in the notes (see Note 29).
14
IAS 1.10A, Consolidated statement of profit or loss
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000
(restated)
IAS 1.82(a) Revenue 5 140,918 151,840
IAS 1.85 Investment income 7 3,608 2,351
IAS 1.85 Other gains and losses 8 647 1,005
IAS 1.99 Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress 7,134 2,118
IAS 1.99 Raw materials and consumables used (84,659) (85,413)
IAS 1.99 Depreciation and amortisation expenses 13 (11,193) (13,878)
IAS 1.99 Employee benefits expense 13 (10,113) (11,527)
IAS 1.82(b) Finance costs 9 (4,418) (6,023)
IAS 1.99 Consulting expense (3,120) (1,926)
Other expenses (10,268) (8,005)
IAS 1.82(c) Share of profits of associates 20 1,186 1,589
IAS 1.85 Gain recognised on disposal of interest in former associate 20 581
IAS 1.85 Others [describe]
IAS 1.85 Profit before tax 30,303 32,131
IAS 1.82(d) Income tax expense 10 (11,555) (11,709)
IAS 1.85 Profit for the year from continuing operations 13 18,748 20,422
Discontinued operations
IAS 1.82(ea) Profit for the year from discontinued operations 11 8,310 9,995
IAS 1.81A(a) Profit for the year 27,058 30,417
Attributable to:
IAS 1.81B(a)(ii) Owners of the Company 23,058 27,654
IAS 1.81B(a)(i) Non-controlling interests 4,000 2,763
27,058 30,417
Earnings per share 14
From continuing and discontinued operations
IAS 33.66, 67A Basic (cents per share) 132.3 137.4
IAS 33.66, 67A Diluted (cents per share) 115.6 131.0
From continuing operations
IAS 33.66, 67A Basic (cents per share) 84.6 87.7
IAS 33.66, 67A Diluted (cents per share) 74.1 83.6
Note: The format outlined above aggregates expenses according to their nature.
See the previous page for a discussion of the format of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income. Note that where the two-statement approach is adopted (above and on the next page), as required by
IAS 1.10A, the statement of profit or loss must be displayed immediately before the statement of
comprehensive income.
IAS 1.10A, Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000
(restated)
IAS 1.10A Profit for the year 27,058 30,417
Other comprehensive income 29
IAS 1.82A(a) Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Gain on revaluation of properties 1,643
Share of gain (loss) on property revaluation of associates
IAS 1.91(b) Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified subsequently (493)
1,150
IAS 1.82A(b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations
Exchange differences arising during the year 75 121
Loss on hedging instruments designated in hedges of
the net assets of foreign operations (12)
Reclassification adjustments relating to foreign
operations disposed of in the year (166)
Reclassification adjustments relating to hedges of the net
assets of foreign operations disposed of in the year 46
(57) 121
Available-for-sale financial assets
Net fair value gain on available-for-sale financial assets
during the year 94 81
Reclassification adjustments relating to available-for-sale
financial assets disposed of in the year
94 81
Cash flow hedges
Fair value gains arising during the year 436 316
Reclassification adjustments for amounts recognised in profit or loss (123) (86)
Adjustments for amounts transferred to the initial carrying amounts
of hedged items (257) (201)
56 29
IAS 1.91(b) Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified subsequently (27) (69)
IAS 1.81A(b) Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax 66 1,312
IAS 1.81A(c) Total comprehensive income for the year 27,124 31,729
Attributable to:
IAS 1.81B(b)(ii) Owners of the Company 23,124 28,966
IAS 1.81B(b)(i) Non-controlling interests 4,000 2,763
27,124 31,729
16
IAS 1.10(a),(ea),(f) Consolidated statement of financial position
51(b),(c) at 31 December 2012
IAS 1.113 Notes 31/12/12 31/12/11 01/01/11
IAS 1.51(d), (e) CU000 CU00 CU000
Assets (restated) (restated)
IAS 1.60 Non-current assets
IAS 1.54(a) Property, plant and equipment 15 109,783 135,721 161,058
IAS 1.54(b) Investment property 16 1,968 1,941 1,500
IAS 1.55 Goodwill 17 20,285 24,060 23,920
IAS 1.54(c) Other intangible assets 18 9,739 11,325 12,523
IAS 1.54(e) Investments in associates 20 7,402 7,270 5,706
IAS 1.54(o) Deferred tax assets 10 2,083 1,964 1,843
IAS 1.55 Finance lease receivables 26 830 717 739
IAS 1.54(d) Other financial assets 22 10,771 9,655 7,850
IAS 1.55 Other assets 23
Total non-current assets 162,861 192,653 215,139
IAS 1.60 Current assets
IAS 1.54(g) Inventories 24 31,213 28,982 29,688
IAS 1.54(h) Trade and other receivables 25 19,249 14,658 13,550
IAS 1.55 Finance lease receivables 26 198 188 182
IAS 1.55 Amounts due from customers under construction contracts 27 240 230 697
IAS 1.54(d) Other financial assets 22 8,757 6,949 5,528
IAS 1.54(n) Current tax assets 10 125 60 81
IAS 1.55 Other assets 23
IAS 1.54(i) Cash and bank balances 46 23,446 19,778 7,752
83,228 70,845 57,478
IAS 1.54(j) Assets classified as held for sale 12 22,336
Total current assets 105,564 70,845 57,478
Total assets 268,425 263,498 272,617
Note: IAS 1.10(f) requires that an entity present a statement of financial position as at the beginning of the preceding
period when it applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective restatement of items in its
financial statements, or when it reclassifies items in its financial statements.
As part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle, IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements has
been revised to provide guidance on when a statement of financial position as at the beginning of the
preceding period (third statement of financial position) and the related notes should be presented in the
financial statements. Based on the amendments, an entity is required to present a third statement of financial
position if:
(a) it applies an accounting policy retrospectively, makes a retrospective restatement of items in its financial
statements or reclassifies items in its financial statements; and
(b) the retrospective application, retrospective restatement or the reclassification has a material effect on the
information in the third statement of financial position.
Other than disclosures of certain specified information as required by IAS 1.41-44 and IAS 8 Accounting
Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, the related notes to the third statement of financial
position are not required to be disclosed.
In this model, it is assumed that the application of the amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes has resulted in a
material retrospective restatement of certain items in the financial statements (see note 2). As such, a third
statement of financial position has been presented.
Consolidated statement of financial position
at 31 December 2012 continued
Notes 31/12/12 31/12/11 01/01/11
CU000 CU000 CU000
(restated) (restated)
Equity and liabilities
Capital and reserves
IAS 1.55 Issued capital 28 32,439 48,672 48,672
IAS 1.55 Reserves 29 4,237 3,376 1,726
IAS 1.55 Retained earnings 30 110,904 94,999 73,824
147,580 147,047 124,222
IAS 1.55 Amounts recognised directly in equity relating to
assets classified as held for sale 12
IAS 1.54(r) Equity attributable to owners of the Company 147,580 147,047 124,222
IAS 1.54(q) Non-controlling interests 31 24,316 20,005 17,242
Total equity 171,896 167,052 141,464
IAS 1.60 Non-current liabilities
IAS 1.55 Borrowings 32 17,868 29,807 25,785
IAS 1.54(m) Other financial liabilities 34 15,001
IAS 1.55 Retirement benefit obligation 39 2,861 2,023 2,968
IAS 1.54(o) Deferred tax liabilities 10 6,630 5,567 4,436
IAS 1.54(l) Provisions 35 2,294 2,231 4,102
IAS 1.55 Deferred revenue 41 59 165 41
IAS 1.55 Other liabilities 36 180 270
Total non-current liabilities 44,893 40,063 37,332
IAS 1.60 Current liabilities
IAS 1.54(k) Trade and other payables 37 16,373 21,220 52,750
IAS 1.55 Amounts due to customers under construction contracts 27 36 15 245
IAS 1.55 Borrowings 32 22,446 25,600 33,618
IAS 1.54(m) Other financial liabilities 34 116 18
IAS 1.54(n) Current tax liabilities 10 5,270 5,868 4,910
IAS 1.54(l) Provisions 35 3,356 3,195 2,235
IAS 1.55 Deferred revenue 41 265 372 63
IAS 1.55 Other liabilities 36 90 95
47,952 56,383 93,821
IAS 1.54(p) Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale 12 3,684
Total current liabilities 51,636 56,383 93,821
Total liabilities 96,529 96,446 131,153
Total equity and liabilities 268,425 263,498 272,617
IAS 1.10(c), Consolidated statement of changes in equity
51(b),(c) for the year ended 31 December 2012
IAS 1.106
Properties
Share Share General revaluation
capital premium reserve reserve
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Balance at 1 January 2011 (as previously reported) 23,005 25,667 807 51
Adjustments (see note 2.1)
Balance at 1 January 2011 (restated) 23,005 25,667 807 51
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax 1,150
Total comprehensive income for the year 1,150
Recognition of share-based payments
Payment of dividends
Balance at 31 December 2011 (restated) 23,005 25,667 807 1,201
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax
Total comprehensive income for the year
Payment of dividends
Additional non-controlling interests arising on the acquisition
of Subsix Limited (note 44)
Additional non-controlling interests relating to outstanding
share-based payment transactions of Subsix Limited (note 44)
Disposal of partial interest in Subone Limited (note 19)
Recognition of share-based payments
Issue of ordinary shares under employee share option plan 314
Issue of ordinary shares for consulting services performed (note 28.1) 3 5
Issue of convertible non-participating preference shares 100
Issue of convertible notes
Share issue costs (6)
Buy-back of ordinary shares (5,603) (10,853)
Share buy-back costs (277)
Transfer to retained earnings (3)
Income tax relating to transactions with owners 84
Balance at 31 December 2012 17,819 14,620 807 1,198
18
Equity-settled Foreign Option
Investments employee Cash flow currency premium on Attributable to Non-
revaluation benefits hedging translation convertible Retained owners controlling
reserve reserve reserve reserve notes earnings of the parent interests Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
470 258 140 73,854 123,922 17,242 141,164
300 300 300
470 258 140 73,824 124,222 17,242 141,464
27,654 27,654 2,763 30,417
57 20 85 1,312 1,312
57 20 85 27,654 28,966 2,763 31,729
338 338 338
(6,479) (6,479) (6,479)
527 338 278 225 94,999 147,047 20,005 167,052
23,058 23,058 4,000 27,058
66 39 (39) 66 66
66 39 (39) 23,058 23,124 4,000 27,124
(6,635) (6,635) (6,635)
127 127
5 5
34 34 179 213
206 206 206
314 314
8 8
100 100
834 834 834
(6) (6)
(555) (17,011) (17,011)
(277) (277)
3
(242) (158) (158)
593 544 317 186 592 110,904 147,580 24,316 171,896
IAS 1.10(d), Consolidated statement of cash flows
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from operating activities
IAS 7.18(a) Receipts from customers 211,190 214,497
Payments to suppliers and employees (163,020) (181,490)
Cash generated from operations 48,170 33,007
IAS 7.31 Interest paid (4,493) (6,106)
IAS 7.35 Income taxes paid (13,848) (13,340)
Net cash generated by operating activities 29,829 13,561
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from investing activities
Payments to acquire financial assets (1,890)
Proceeds on sale of financial assets 51
IAS 7.31 Interest received 2,315 1,054
Royalties and other investment income received 1,137 1,143
IAS 24.19(d) Dividends received from associates 30 25
IAS 7.31 Other dividends received 156 154
Amounts advanced to related parties (738) (4,311)
Repayments by related parties 189 1,578
Payments for property, plant and equipment (22,932) (11,875)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 11,462 21,245
Payments for investment property (10) (202)
Proceeds from disposal of investment property 58
Payments for intangible assets (6) (358)
IAS 7.39 Net cash outflow on acquisition of subsidiaries 44 (477)
IAS 7.39 Net cash inflow on disposal of subsidiary 45 7,566
Net cash inflow on disposal of associate 120
Net cash (used in)/generated by investing activities (3,198) 8,682
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of equity instruments of the Company 414
Proceeds from issue of convertible notes 4,950
Payment for share issue costs (6)
Payment for buy-back of shares (17,011)
Payment for share buy-back costs (277)
Proceeds from issue of redeemable preference shares 15,000
Proceeds from issue of perpetual notes 2,500
Payment for debt issue costs (595)
Proceeds from borrowings 16,953 24,798
Repayment of borrowings (37,761) (23,209)
Proceeds from government loans 3,000
IAS 7.42A Proceeds on disposal of partial interest in a subsidiary that
does not involve loss of control 213
IAS 7.31 Dividends paid on redeemable preference shares (613)
IAS 7.31 Dividends paid to owners of the Company (6,635) (6,479)
Net cash used in financing activities (22,868) (1,890)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,763 20,353
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 19,400 (769)
IAS 7.28 Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of cash
held in foreign currencies (80) (184)
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 46 23,083 19,400
Note: The above illustrates the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities.
20
IAS 1.10(d), Consolidated statement of cash flows
IAS 1.113 Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
IAS 1.51(d),(e) CU000 CU000
(restated)
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from operating activities
IAS 7.18(b) Profit for the year 27,058 30,417
Adjustments for:
Income tax expense recognised in profit or loss 14,715 14,707
Share of profits of associates (1,186) (1,589)
Finance costs recognised in profit or loss 4,418 6,023
Investment income recognised in profit or loss (3,608) (2,351)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (6) (67)
Gain arising on changes in fair value of investment property (30) (297)
Gain on disposal of a subsidiary (1,940)
Gain on disposal of interest in former associate (581)
Net (gain)/loss arising on financial liabilities designated as at
fair value through profit or loss (125)
Net (gain)/loss arising on financial assets classified as held for trading (156) (72)
Net loss/(gain) arising on financial liabilities classified as held for trading 51
Hedge ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges (89) (68)
Net (gain)/loss on disposal of available-for-sale financial assets
Impairment loss recognised on trade receivables 63 430
Reversal of impairment loss on trade receivables (103)
Depreciation and amortisation of non-current assets 14,179 17,350
Impairment of non-current assets 1,439
Net foreign exchange (gain)/loss (819) (474)
Expense recognised in respect of equity-settled share-based payments 206 338
Expense recognised in respect of shares issued in
exchange for consulting services 8
Amortisation of financial guarantee contracts 6 18
Gain arising on effective settlement of legal claim against Subseven Limited (40)
53,460 64,365
Movements in working capital:
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 1,861 (2,797)
(Increase)/decrease in amounts due from customers
under construction contracts (10) 467
(Increase)/decrease in inventories (2,231) 204
(Increase)/decrease in other assets
Decrease in trade and other payables (4,847) (28,469)
Increase/(decrease) in amounts due to customers
under construction contracts 21 (230)
Increase/(decrease) in provisions 224 (941)
(Decrease)/increase in deferred revenue (213) 43
(Decrease)/increase in other liabilities (95) 365
Cash generated from operations 48,170 33,007
IAS 7.31 Interest paid (4,493) (6,106)
IAS 7.35 Income taxes paid (13,848) (13,340)
Net cash generated by operating activities 29,829 13,561
Consolidated statement of cash flows
for the year ended 31 December 2012 continued [Alt 2] continued
Notes Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from investing activities
Payments to acquire financial assets (1,890)
Proceeds on sale of financial assets 51
IAS 7.31 Interest received 2,315 1,054
Royalties and other investment income received 1,137 1,143
IAS 24.19(d) Dividends received from associates 30 25
IAS 7.31 Other dividends received 156 154
Amounts advanced to related parties (738) (4,311)
Repayments by related parties 189 1,578
Payments for property, plant and equipment (22,932) (11,875)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 11,462 21,245
Payments for investment property (10) (202)
Proceeds from disposal of investment property 58
Payments for intangible assets (6) (358)
IAS 7.39 Net cash outflow on acquisition of subsidiaries 44 (477)
IAS 7.39 Net cash inflow on disposal of subsidiary 45 7,566
Net cash inflow on disposal of associate 120
Net cash (used in)/generated by investing activities (3,198) 8,682
IAS 7.10 Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of equity instruments of the Company 414
Proceeds from issue of convertible notes 4,950
Payment for share issue costs (6)
Payment for buy-back of shares (17,011)
Payment for share buy-back costs (277)
Proceeds from issue of redeemable preference shares 15,000
Proceeds from issue of perpetual notes 2,500
Payment for debt issue costs (595)
Proceeds from borrowings 16,953 24,798
Repayment of borrowings (37,761) (23,209)
Proceeds from government loans 3,000
IAS 7.42A Proceeds on disposal of partial interest in a subsidiary that does
not involve loss of control 213
IAS 7.31 Dividends paid on redeemable cumulative preference shares (613)
IAS 7.31 Dividends paid to owners of the Company (6,635) (6,479)
Net cash used in financing activities (22,868) (1,890)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,763 20,353
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 19,400 (769)
IAS 7.28 Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of
cash held in foreign currencies (80) (184)
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 46 23,083 19,400
Note: The above illustrates the indirect method of reporting cash flows from operating activities.
22
IAS 1.10(e), Notes to the consolidated financial statements
51(b),(c) for the year ended 31 December 2012
1. General information
IAS 1.138(a), (c) International GAAP Holdings Limited (the Company) is a limited company incorporated in A Land. Its parent and ultimate
IAS 24.13 holding company is International Group Holdings Limited. Its ultimate controlling party is Mr. John Banks. The addresses of
its registered office and principal place of business are disclosed in the introduction to the annual report. The principal
activities of the Company and its subsidiaries (the Group) are described in note 6.
2. Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
2.1 Amendments to IFRSs affecting amounts reported in the financial statements
IAS 8.28 The following amendments to IFRSs have been applied in the current year and have affected the amounts reported in
these financial statements.
Amendments to IFRSs affecting presentation and disclosure only
IFRS 7.44M Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Transfers of Financial Assets
The Group has applied the amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Transfers of Financial Assets in the current year.
The amendments increase the disclosure requirements for transactions involving the transfer of financial assets in order to
provide greater transparency around risk exposures when financial assets are transferred.
In the current year, the Group discounted certain trade receivables to a bank for cash. If the trade receivables are not paid
at maturity, the bank has the right to request the Group to pay the unsettled balance. As the group has not transferred the
significant risks and rewards relating to these trade receivables, it continues to recognise the full carrying amount of the
receivables and has recognised the cash received on the transfer as a secured borrowing (see note 32). The relevant
disclosures have been made regarding the transfer of these trade receivables on application of the amendments to IFRS 7
(see note 25.2). In accordance with the transitional provisions set out in the amendments to IFRS 7, the Group has not
provided comparative information for the disclosures required by the amendments.
IAS 8.28 Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income
The Group has applied the amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income in advance
of the effective date (annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2012). The amendments introduce new terminology for
the statement of comprehensive income and income statement. Under the amendments to IAS 1, the statement of
comprehensive income is renamed the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the income
statement is renamed the statement of profit or loss. The amendments to IAS 1 retain the option to present profit or loss
and other comprehensive income in either a single statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. However, the
amendments to IAS 1 require items of other comprehensive income to be grouped into two categories in the other
comprehensive income section: (a) items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss and (b) items that may
be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss when specific conditions are met. Income tax on items of other comprehensive
income is required to be allocated on the same basis the amendments do not change the option to present items of
other comprehensive income either before tax or net of tax. The amendments have been applied retrospectively, and hence
the presentation of items of other comprehensive income has been modified to reflect the changes. Other than the above
mentioned presentation changes, the application of the amendments to IAS 1 does not result in any impact on profit or
loss, other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income.
IAS 8.28 Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
(as part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle issued in May 2012)
The Group has applied the amendments to IAS 1 as part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle in advance
of the effective date (annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013).
IAS 1 requires an entity that changes accounting policies retrospectively, or makes a retrospective restatement or
reclassification to present a statement of financial position as at the beginning of the preceding period (third statement of
financial position). The amendments to IAS 1 clarify that an entity is required to present a third statement of financial
position only when the retrospective application, restatement or reclassification has a material effect on the information in
the third statement of financial position and that related notes are not required to accompany the third statement of
financial position.
In the current year, the Group has applied the amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets for
the first time, which has resulted in a material effect on the information in the consolidated statement of financial position
as at 1 January 2011 (see below). In accordance with the amendments to IAS 1, the Group has therefore presented a third
statement of financial position as at 1 January 2011 without the related notes except for the disclosure requirements of
IAS 8 as detailed below.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2012 continued
24
Amendments to IFRSs affecting the reported financial performance and/or financial position
IAS 8.28 Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets
The Group has applied the amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets in the current year.
Under the amendments, investment properties that are measured using the fair value model in accordance with
IAS 40 Investment Property are presumed to be recovered entirely through sale for the purposes of measuring deferred
taxes unless the presumption is rebutted.
The Group measures its investment properties using the fair value model. As a result of the application of the amendments
to IAS 12, the directors reviewed the Groups investment property portfolios and concluded that none of the Groups
investment properties are held under a business model whose objective is to consume substantially all of the economic
benefits embodied in the investment properties over time, rather than through sale. Therefore, the directors have
determined that the presumption set out in the amendments to IAS 12 is not rebutted. The application of the amendments
to IAS 12 has resulted in the Group not recognising any deferred taxes on changes in fair value of the investment
properties as the Group is not subject to any income taxes on disposal of its investment properties. Previously, the Group
recognised deferred taxes on changes in fair value of investment properties on the basis that the entire carrying amounts
of the properties were recovered through use. The amendments to IAS 12 have been applied retrospectively, resulting in
the Groups deferred tax liabilities being decreased by CU300,000 as at 1 January 2011 with the corresponding adjustment
being recognised in retained earnings. Similarly, the deferred tax liabilities have been decreased by CU390,000 as at
31 December 2011.
In the current year, no deferred taxes have been provided for changes in fair value of the Groups investment properties.
The change in accounting policy has resulted in the Groups income tax expense for the years ended 31 December 2012
and 31 December 2011 being reduced by CU9,000 and CU90,000 respectively and hence resulted in profit for the years
ended 31 December 2012 and 31 December 2011 being increased by CU9,000 and CU90,000 respectively.
IFRS 3.24 Note: When an investment property was acquired as part of a business combination that took place in a prior year,
IFRS 3.32 the corresponding adjustments will also include an adjustment to goodwill.
Impact of the application of amendments to IAS 12
Impact on profit (loss) for the year Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Decrease in income tax expenses and increase in profit for the year 9 90
Increase in profit for the year attributable to:
Owners of the Company 9 90
Non-controlling interests
9 90
Impact on net assets and equity as at 1 January 2011 As at 01/01/11 Amendments As at
as previously to IAS12 01/01/11 as
reported adjustments restated
CU000 CU000 CU000
Deferred tax liabilities [increase/(decrease)] 4,736 (300) 4,436
Total effect on net assets [increase/(decrease)] 141,164 300 141,464
Retained earnings [increase/(decrease)] 73,524 300 73,824
Total effect on equity [increase/(decrease)] 141,164 300 141,464
Impact on net assets and equity as at 31 December 2011 As at 01/01/11 Amendments As at
as previously to IAS12 01/01/11 as
reported adjustments restated
CU000 CU000 CU000
Deferred tax liabilities [increase/(decrease)] 5,957 (390) 5,567
Total effect on net assets [increase/(decrease)] 166,662 390 167,052
Retained earnings [increase/(decrease)] 94,609 390 94,999
Total effect on equity [increase/(decrease)] 166,662 390 167,052
Impact on net assets and equity as at 31 December 2012 Amendments
to IAS 12
CU000
Decrease in deferred tax liabilities 399
Increase in net assets 399
Increase in retained earnings 399
Increase in equity 399
2.2 New and revised IFRSs in issue but not yet effective
Note: Entities are required to disclose in their financial statements the potential impact of new and revised IFRSs that
have been issued but are not yet effective. The disclosures below reflect a cut-off date of 31 July 2012. The
potential impact of the application of any new and revised IFRSs issued by the IASB after 31 July 2012 but
before the financial statements are issued should also be considered and disclosed.
IAS 8.30 The Group has not applied the following new and revised IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective:
IAS 8.31
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
3
IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements
1
IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements
1
IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities
1
1
Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
1
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 Mandatory Effective Date of IFRS 9 and Transition Disclosures
3
Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 Consolidated Financial Statements, Joint Arrangements and
and IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities: Transition Guidance
1
IAS 19 (as revised in 2011) Employee Benefits
1
IAS 27 (as revised in 2011) Separate Financial Statements
1
IAS 28 (as revised in 2011) Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures
1
Amendments to IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
2
Amendments to IFRSs Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009-2011 Cycle except for
the amendment to IAS 1
1
(see note 2.1)
1
1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013.
26
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
IFRS 9, issued in November 2009, introduced new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets.
IFRS 9 was amended in October 2010 to include requirements for the classification and measurement of financial liabilities
and for derecognition.
Key requirements of IFRS 9:
all recognised financial assets that are within the scope of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
to be subsequently measured at amortised cost or fair value. Specifically, debt investments that are held within a
business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual cash flows that are
solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding are generally measured at amortised cost at the
end of subsequent accounting periods. All other debt investments and equity investments are measured at their fair
value at the end of subsequent accounting periods. In addition, under IFRS 9, entities may make an irrevocable election
to present subsequent changes in the fair value of an equity investment (that is not held for trading) in other
comprehensive income, with only dividend income generally recognised in profit or loss.
with regard to the measurement of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss, IFRS 9 requires
that the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability, that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of
that liability, is presented in other comprehensive income, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the
liabilitys credit risk in other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss.
Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liabilitys credit risk are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.
Previously, under IAS 39, the entire amount of the change in the fair value of the financial liability designated as fair
value through profit or loss was presented in profit or loss.
The directors anticipate that the application of IFRS 9 in the future may have a significant impact on amounts reported in
respect of the Groups financial assets and financial liabilities (e.g. the Groups investments in redeemable notes that are
currently classified as available-for-sale investments will have to be measured at fair value at the end of subsequent
reporting periods, with changes in the fair value being recognised in profit or loss). However, it is not practicable to provide
a reasonable estimate of the effect of IFRS 9 until a detailed review has been completed.
New and revised Standards on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures
In May 2011, a package of five Standards on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures was issued,
including IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS 12, IAS 27 (as revised in 2011) and IAS 28 (as revised in 2011).
Key requirements of these five Standards are described below.
IFRS 10 replaces the parts of IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements that deal with consolidated financial
statements. SIC-12 Consolidation Special Purpose Entities will be withdrawn upon the effective date of IFRS 10. Under
IFRS 10, there is only one basis for consolidation, that is, control. In addition, IFRS 10 includes a new definition of control
that contains three elements: (a) power over an investee, (b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement
with the investee, and (c) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investors return
Extensive guidance has been added in IFRS 10 to deal with complex scenarios.
IFRS 11 replaces IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures. IFRS 11 deals with how a joint arrangement of which two or more
parties have joint control should be classified. SIC-13 Jointly Controlled Entities Non-monetary Contributions by Venturers
will be withdrawn upon the effective date of IFRS 11. Under IFRS 11, joint arrangements are classified as joint operations
or joint ventures, depending on the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangements. In contrast, under IAS 31,
there are three types of joint arrangements: jointly controlled entities, jointly controlled assets and jointly controlled
operations. In addition, joint ventures under IFRS 11 are required to be accounted for using the equity method of
accounting, whereas jointly controlled entities under IAS 31 can be accounted for using the equity method of accounting
or proportional consolidation.
IFRS 12 is a disclosure standard and is applicable to entities that have interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements,
associates and/or unconsolidated structured entities. In general, the disclosure requirements in IFRS 12 are more extensive
than those in the current standards.
In June 2012, the amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 were issued to clarify certain transitional guidance on the
application of these IFRSs for the first time.
These five standards together with the amendments regarding the transition guidance are effective for annual periods
beginning on or after 1 January 2013, with earlier application permitted provided all of these standards are applied at the
same time. The directors anticipate that the application of these five standards will have a significant impact on amounts
reported in the consolidated financial statements. For example, the application of IFRS 10 may affect the accounting for
the Groups 45% ownership interest in C Plus Limited that is currently classified as the Groups associate. Taking into
account the new definition of control and the additional guidance on control set out in IFRS 10, the application of IFRS 10
may result in C Plus Limited being treated as the Groups subsidiary. If C Plus Limited is consolidated as the Groups
subsidiary, the net assets as well as income and expenses of C Plus Limited will be presented as separate line items in the
consolidated statement of financial position and in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income respectively, rather than being presented as one line item in the Groups consolidated financial statements.
A detailed review will be performed by the directors to quantify the impact on the application of IFRS 10.
The application of IFRS 11 will change the classification and subsequent accounting of the Groups investment in
JV Electronics Limited, which is classified as a jointly controlled entity under IAS 31 and has been accounted for using the
proportionate consolidation method. Under IFRS 11, JV Electronics Limited will be classified as a joint venture and
accounted for using the equity method, resulting in the aggregation of the Groups proportionate share of JV Electronics
Limiteds net assets and items of profit or loss and other comprehensive income into a single line item which will be
presented in the consolidated statement of financial position and in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income as investment in joint venture and share of profits (loss) of joint venture respectively. Besides the
investment in JV Electronics Limited, the Group does not have any other interests in jointly controlled entities.
IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements.
The Standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value
measurements. The scope of IFRS 13 is broad; it applies to both financial instrument items and non-financial instrument
items for which other IFRSs require or permit fair value measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements,
except in specified circumstances. In general, the disclosure requirements in IFRS 13 are more extensive than those required
in the current standards. For example, quantitative and qualitative disclosures based on the three-level fair value hierarchy
currently required for financial instruments only under IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures will be extended by IFRS 13
to cover all assets and liabilities within its scope.
IFRS 13 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, with earlier application permitted.
The directors anticipate that the application of the new Standard may affect certain amounts reported in the financial
statements and result in more extensive disclosures in the financial statements.
Amendments to IFRS 7 and IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and the related disclosures
The amendments to IAS 32 clarify existing application issues relating to the offset of financial assets and financial liabilities
requirements. Specifically, the amendments clarify the meaning of currently has a legally enforceable right of set-off and
simultaneous realisation and settlement.
The amendments to IFRS 7 require entities to disclose information about rights of offset and related arrangements (such as
collateral posting requirements) for financial instruments under an enforceable master netting agreement or similar
arrangement.
The amendments to IFRS 7 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 and interim periods
within those annual periods. The disclosures should be provided retrospectively for all comparative periods. However, the
amendments to IAS 32 are not effective until annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014, with retrospective
application required.
The directors anticipate that the application of these amendments to IAS 32 and IFRS 7 may result in more disclosures
being made with regard to offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities in the future.
28
IAS 19 Employee Benefits
The amendments to IAS 19 change the accounting for defined benefit plans and termination benefits. The most significant
change relates to the accounting for changes in defined benefit obligations and plan assets. The amendments require the
recognition of changes in defined benefit obligations and in fair value of plan assets when they occur, and hence eliminate
the corridor approach permitted under the previous version of IAS 19 and accelerate the recognition of past service costs.
The amendments require all actuarial gains and losses to be recognised immediately through other comprehensive income
in order for the net pension asset or liability recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position to reflect the full
value of the plan deficit or surplus. Furthermore, the interest cost and expected return on plan assets used in the previous
version of IAS 19 are replaced with a net-interest amount, which is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net
defined benefit liability or asset.
The amendments to IAS 19 require retrospective application. Based on the directors preliminary assessment, when the
Group applies the amendments to IAS 19 for the first time for the year ending 31 December 2013, the profit after income
tax for the year ended 31 December 2012 would be reduced by CU 308,000 and the other comprehensive income after
income tax for the said year would be increased by CU 564,000 (1 January 2012: decrease in retained earnings of
CU163,000) with the corresponding adjustments being recognised in the retirement benefit obligation and income tax
liability. This net effect reflects a number of adjustments, including their income tax effects: a) full recognition of actuarial
gains through other comprehensive income and decrease in the net pension deficit; b) immediate recognition of past
service costs in profit or loss and an increase in the net pension deficit and c) reversal of the difference between the gain
arising from the expected rate of return on pension plan assets and the discount rate through other comprehensive
income.
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009 2011 Cycle issued in May 2012
The Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009 2011 Cycle include a number of amendments to various IFRSs. The amendments
are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Amendments to IFRSs include:
amendments to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment; and
amendments to IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation.
Amendments to IAS 16
The amendments to IAS 16 clarify that spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment should be classified as
property, plant and equipment when they meet the definition of property, plant and equipment in IAS 16 and as inventory
otherwise. The directors do not anticipate that the amendments to IAS 16 will have a significant effect on the Groups
consolidated financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 32
The amendments to IAS 32 clarify that income tax relating to distributions to holders of an equity instrument and to
transaction costs of an equity transaction should be accounted for in accordance with IAS 12 Income Taxes. The directors
anticipate that the amendments to IAS 32 will have no effect on the Groups consolidated financial statements as the
Group has already adopted this treatment.
IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine applies to waste removal costs that are incurred in
surface mining activity during the production phase of the mine (production stripping costs). Under the Interpretation, the
costs from this waste removal activity (stripping) which provide improved access to ore is recognised as a non-current asset
(stripping activity asset) when certain criteria are met, whereas the costs of normal on-going operational stripping activities
are accounted for in accordance with IAS 2 Inventories. The stripping activity asset is accounted for as an addition to, or as
an enhancement of, an existing asset and classified as tangible or intangible according to the nature of the existing asset of
which it forms part.
IFRIC 20 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Specific transitional provisions are provided to
entities that apply IFRIC 20 for the first time. However, IFRIC 20 must be applied to production stripping costs incurred on
or after the beginning of the earliest period presented. The directors anticipate that IFRIC 20 will have no effect to the
Groups financial statements as the Group does not engage in such activities.
[Describe the potential impact of the application of other new and revised IFRSs, if any.]
IAS 1.112(a), 117 3. Significant accounting policies
Note: The following are examples of the types of accounting policies that might be disclosed in this entitys financial
statements. Entities are required to disclose in the summary of significant accounting policies the measurement
basis (or bases) used in preparing the financial statements and the other accounting policies used that are
relevant to an understanding of the financial statements. An accounting policy may be significant because of
the nature of the entitys operations even if amounts for the current and prior periods are not material.
In deciding whether a particular accounting policy should be disclosed, management considers whether
disclosure would assist users in understanding how transactions, other events and conditions are reflected in
the reported financial performance and financial position. Disclosure of particular accounting policies is
especially useful to users when those policies are selected from alternatives allowed in Standards and
Interpretations.
Each entity considers the nature of its operations and the policies that users of its financial statements would
expect to be disclosed for that type of entity. It is also appropriate to disclose each significant accounting policy
that is not specifically required by IFRSs, but that is selected and applied in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting
Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
For completeness, in these model financial statements, accounting policies have been provided for some
immaterial items, although this is not required under IFRSs.
3.1 Statement of compliance
IAS 1.16 The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.
IAS 1.17(b) 3.2 Basis of preparation
IAS 1.17(b) The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain properties and
financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets.
The principal accounting policies are set out below.
3.3 Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities (including special
purpose entities) controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries). Control is achieved where the Company has the power to
govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
Income and expenses of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement of
profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition and up to the effective date of
disposal, as appropriate. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to
the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.
When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into
line with those used by other members of the Group.
All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation.
3.3.1 Changes in the Groups ownership interests in existing subsidiaries
Changes in the Groups ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group losing control over the
subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Groups interests and the non-controlling
interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the
amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is
recognised directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Company.
When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference
between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and
(ii) the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-controlling
interests. When assets of the subsidiary are carried at revalued amounts or fair values and the related cumulative gain or
loss has been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity, the amounts previously recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the
relevant assets (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or transferred directly to retained earnings as specified by applicable IFRSs).
30
The fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair
value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under IAS 39 or, when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of
an investment in an associate or a jointly controlled entity.
3.4 Business combinations
Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business
combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets
transferred by the Group, liabilities incurred by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests
issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are generally recognised in profit
or loss as incurred.
At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair value,
except that:
deferred tax assets or liabilities, and assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and
measured in accordance with IAS 12 and IAS 19 respectively;
liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share-based payment
arrangements of the Group entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured
in accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payment at the acquisition date (see note 3.16.2); and
assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for
Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that Standard.
Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests
in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirers previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the
acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the
acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration
transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirers previously held
interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.
Non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the
entitys net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling
interests proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquirees identifiable net assets. The choice of
measurement basis is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Other types of non-controlling interests are measured
at fair value or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another IFRS.
When the consideration transferred by the Group in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a
contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and
included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent
consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding
adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information
obtained during the measurement period (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and
circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.
The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as
measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration
that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for
within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting
dates in accordance with IAS 39, or IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, as appropriate, with
the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in profit or loss.
When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Groups previously held equity interest in the acquiree is
remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date when the Group obtains control) and the resulting gain or
loss, if any, is recognised in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that
have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where such treatment
would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination
occurs, the Group reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional
amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect
new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have
affected the amounts recognised at that date.
3.5 Goodwill
Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business
(see note 3.4 above) less accumulated impairment losses, if any.
For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Groups cash-generating units (or groups of
cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when
there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its
carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit
and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment
loss for goodwill is recognised directly in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in
subsequent periods.
On disposal of the relevant cash-generating unit, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of
the profit or loss on disposal.
The Groups policy for goodwill arising on the acquisition of an associate is described at note 3.6 below.
3.6 Investments in associates
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a
joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee
but is not control or joint control over those policies.
The results and assets and liabilities of associates are incorporated in these consolidated financial statements using the
equity method of accounting, except when the investment is classified as held for sale, in which case it is accounted for in
accordance with IFRS 5. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate is initially recognised in the consolidated
statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the Groups share of the profit or loss and other
comprehensive income of the associate. When the Groups share of losses of an associate exceeds the Groups interest in
that associate (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Groups net investment in the
associate), the Group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognised only to the
extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Groups share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and
contingent liabilities of an associate recognised at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill, which is included
within the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Groups share of the net fair value of the identifiable
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the cost of acquisition, after reassessment, is recognised immediately in
profit or loss.
The requirements of IAS 39 are applied to determine whether it is necessary to recognise any impairment loss with respect
to the Groups investment in an associate. When necessary, the entire carrying amount of the investment (including
goodwill) is tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 Impairment of Assets as a single asset by comparing its
recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell) with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss
recognised forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognised in
accordance with IAS 36 to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.
Upon disposal of an associate that results in the Group losing significant influence over that associate, any retained
investment is measured at fair value at that date and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition as a
financial asset in accordance with IAS 39. The difference between the previous carrying amount of the associate
attributable to the retained interest and its fair value is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the
associate. In addition, the Group accounts for all amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation
to that associate on the same basis as would be required if that associate had directly disposed of the related assets or
liabilities. Therefore, if a gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income by that associate would be
reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities, the Group reclassifies the gain or loss from
equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when it loses significant influence over that associate.
When a group entity transacts with its associate, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate are
recognised in the Group consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate that are not
related to the Group.
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3.7 Interests in joint ventures
A joint venture is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake an economic activity that is
subject to joint control (i.e. when the strategic financial and operating policy decisions relating to the activities of the joint
venture require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control).
When a group entity undertakes its activities under joint venture arrangements directly, the Groups share of jointly
controlled assets and any liabilities incurred jointly with other venturers are recognised in the financial statements of the
relevant entity and classified according to their nature. Liabilities and expenses incurred directly in respect of interests in
jointly controlled assets are accounted for on an accrual basis. Income from the sale or use of the Groups share of the
output of jointly controlled assets, and its share of joint venture expenses, are recognised when it is probable that the
economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to/from the Group and their amount can be measured reliably.
Joint venture arrangements that involve the establishment of a separate entity in which each venturer has an interest are
referred to as jointly controlled entities.
IAS 31.57 The Group reports its interests in jointly controlled entities using proportionate consolidation, except when the investment
is classified as held for sale, in which case it is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 5. The Groups share of the assets,
liabilities, income and expenses of jointly controlled entities is combined with the equivalent items in the consolidated
financial statements on a line-by-line basis.
Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of the Groups interest in a jointly controlled entity is accounted for in accordance
with the Groups accounting policy for goodwill arising in a business combination (see notes 3.4 and 3.5 above).
When a group entity transacts with its jointly controlled entity, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the
jointly controlled entity are recognised in the Group consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the
jointly controlled entity that are not related to the Group.
3.8 Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally
through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is
highly probable and the non-current asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition.
Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale
within one year from the date of classification.
When the Group is committed to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all of the assets and liabilities of that
subsidiary are classified as held for sale when the criteria described above are met, regardless of whether the Group will
retain a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary after the sale.
Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their previous carrying
amount and fair value less costs to sell.
IAS 18.35(a) 3.9 Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is reduced for estimated
customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
3.9.1 Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all the
following conditions are satisfied:
the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;
the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor
effective control over the goods sold;
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and
the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
Sales of goods that result in award credits for customers, under the Groups Maxi-Points Scheme, are accounted for as
multiple element revenue transactions and the fair value of the consideration received or receivable is allocated between
the goods supplied and the award credits granted. The consideration allocated to the award credits is measured by
reference to their fair value the amount for which the award credits could be sold separately. Such consideration is not
recognised as revenue at the time of the initial sale transaction but is deferred and recognised as revenue when the
award credits are redeemed and the Groups obligations have been fulfilled.
3.9.2 Rendering of services
Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The
stage of completion of the contract is determined as follows:
installation fees are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the installation, determined as the
proportion of the total time expected to install that has elapsed at the end of the reporting period;
servicing fees included in the price of products sold are recognised by reference to the proportion of the total cost of
providing the servicing for the product sold; and
revenue from time and material contracts is recognised at the contractual rates as labour hours and direct expenses are
incurred.
The Groups policy for recognition of revenue from construction contracts is described in note 3.10 below.
3.9.3 Royalties
Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement (provided
that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably).
Royalties determined on a time basis are recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of the agreement. Royalty
arrangements that are based on production, sales and other measures are recognised by reference to the underlying
arrangement.
3.9.4 Dividend and interest income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment has been established
(provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of income can be
measured reliably).
Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group
and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the
principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future
cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that assets net carrying amount on initial recognition.
3.9.5 Rental income
The Groups policy for recognition of revenue from operating leases is described in note 3.11.1 below.
IAS 11.39(b),(c) 3.10 Construction contracts
When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognised by reference to
the stage of completion of the contract activity at the end of the reporting period, measured based on the proportion of
contract costs incurred for work performed to date relative to the estimated total contract costs, except where this would
not be representative of the stage of completion. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included
to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and its receipt is considered probable.
When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised to the extent of
contract costs incurred that it is probable will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as expenses in the period in
which they are incurred.
When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognised as an
expense immediately.
When contract costs incurred to date plus recognised profits less recognised losses exceed progress billings, the surplus is
shown as amounts due from customers for contract work. For contracts where progress billings exceed contract costs
incurred to date plus recognised profits less recognised losses, the surplus is shown as the amounts due to customers for
contract work. Amounts received before the related work is performed are included in the consolidated statement of
financial position, as a liability, as advances received. Amounts billed for work performed but not yet paid by the customer
are included in the consolidated statement of financial position under trade and other receivables.
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3.11 Leasing
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
3.11.1 The Group as lessor
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Groups net investment
in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on
the Groups net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct
costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and
recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
3.11.2 The Group as lessee
Assets held under finance leases are initially recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value at the inception of the
lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included
in the consolidated statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation.
Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a
constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognised immediately in profit or
loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised in accordance with the
Groups general policy on borrowing costs (see note 3.13 below). Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the
periods in which they are incurred.
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another
systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are
consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are
incurred.
In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives are recognised as a liability.
The aggregate benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis, except where
another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are
consumed.
3.12 Foreign currencies
In preparing the financial statements of each individual group entity, transactions in currencies other than the entitys
functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates
prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated
at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of
historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:
exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use,
which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those
foreign currency borrowings;
exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks (see note 3.28 below
for hedging accounting policies); and
exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement is
neither planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in the foreign operation), which are
recognised initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on repayment of the
monetary items.
For the purposes of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Groups foreign operations
are translated into Currency Units using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and expense
items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during that
period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are
recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to non-controlling interests as
appropriate).
On the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of the Groups entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal
involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, a disposal involving loss of joint control over a
jointly controlled entity that includes a foreign operation, or a disposal involving loss of significant influence over an
associate that includes a foreign operation), all of the exchange differences accumulated in equity in respect of that
operation attributable to the owners of the Company are reclassified to profit or loss.
In addition, in relation to a partial disposal of a subsidiary that does not result in the Group losing control over the
subsidiary, the proportionate share of accumulated exchange differences are re-attributed to non-controlling interests and
are not recognised in profit or loss. For all other partial disposals (i.e. partial disposals of associates or jointly controlled
entities that do not result in the Group losing significant influence or joint control), the proportionate share of the
accumulated exchange differences is reclassified to profit or loss.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments on identifiable assets and liabilities acquired arising on the acquisition of a foreign
operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at
the end of each reporting period. Exchange differences arising are recognised in other comprehensive income and
accumulated in equity.
3.13 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets
that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those
assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying
assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
IAS 20.39(a) 3.14 Government grants
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions
attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognises as
expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose
primary condition is that the Group should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as
deferred revenue in the consolidated statement of financial position and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and
rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving
immediate financial support to the Group with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which
they become receivable.
The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the
difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.
IAS 19.120A(a) 3.15 Retirement benefit costs
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered
service entitling them to the contributions.
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit
Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each reporting period. Actuarial gains and losses that
exceed 10% of the greater of the present value of the Groups defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets
as at the end of the prior year are amortised over the expected average remaining working lives of the participating
employees. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is
amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position represents the present
value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised actuarial gains and losses and unrecognised past
service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of plan assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to
unrecognised actuarial losses and past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future
contributions to the plan.
36
3.16 Share-based payment arrangements
3.16.1 Share-based payment transactions of the Company
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of
the equity instruments at the grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based
transactions are set out in note 42.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis
over the vesting period, based on the Groups estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding
increase in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments
expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the
cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee
benefits reserve.
Equity-settled share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees are measured at the fair value of the
goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, in which case they are measured at
the fair value of the equity instruments granted, measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty
renders the service.
For cash-settled share-based payments, a liability is recognised for the goods or services acquired, measured initially at the
fair value of the liability. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the
fair value of the liability is remeasured, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the year.
3.16.2 Share-based payment transactions of the acquiree in a business combination
When the share-based payment awards held by the employees of an acquiree (acquiree awards) are replaced by the
Groups share-based payment awards (replacement awards), both the acquiree awards and the replacement awards are
measured in accordance with IFRS 2 (market-based measure) at the acquisition date. The portion of the replacement
awards that is included in measuring the consideration transferred in a business combination equals the market-based
measure of the acquiree awards multiplied by the ratio of the portion of the vesting period completed to the greater of the
total vesting period or the original vesting period of the acquiree award. The excess of the market-based measure of the
replacement awards over the market-based measure of the acquiree awards included in measuring the consideration
transferred is recognised as remuneration cost for post-combination service.
However, when the acquiree awards expire as a consequence of a business combination and the Group replaces those
awards when it does not have an obligation to do so, the replacement awards are measured at their market-based
measure in accordance with IFRS 2. All of the market-based measure of the replacement awards is recognised as
remuneration cost for post-combination service.
At the acquisition date, when the outstanding equity-settled share-based payment transactions held by the employees of
an acquiree are not exchanged by the Group for its share-based payment transactions, the acquiree share-based payment
transactions are measured at their market-based measure at the acquisition date. If the share-based payment transactions
have vested by the acquisition date, they are included as part of the non-controlling interest in the acquiree. However, if
the share-based payment transactions have not vested by the acquisition date, the market-based measure of the unvested
share-based payment transactions is allocated to the non-controlling interest in the acquiree based on the ratio of the
portion of the vesting period completed to the greater of the total vesting period or the original vesting period of the
share-based payment transaction. The balance is recognised as remuneration cost for post-combination service.
3.17 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
3.17.1 Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit before tax as reported in
the consolidated [statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income/statement of profit or loss] because of items
of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Groups
liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the
reporting period.
3.17.2 Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the
consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax
liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all
deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those
deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary
difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and
associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary
difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets
arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the
extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary
differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that
it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability
is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the
end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in
which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and
liabilities.
For the purposes of measuring deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets for investment properties that are measured
using the fair value model, the carrying amounts of such properties are presumed to be recovered entirely through sale,
unless the presumption is rebutted. The presumption is rebutted when the investment property is depreciable and is held
within a business model whose objective is to consume substantially all of the economic benefits embodied in the
investment property over time, rather than through sale. The directors reviewed the Groups investment property portfolios
and concluded that none of the Groups investment properties are held under a business model whose objective is to
consume substantially all of the economic benefits embodied in the investment properties over time, rather than through
sale. Therefore, the directors have determined that the sale presumption set out in the amendments to IAS 12 is not
rebutted. As a result, the Group has not recognised any deferred taxes on changes in fair value of the investment
properties as the Group is not subject to any income taxes on disposal of its investment properties.
3.17.3 Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting
for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.
IAS 16.73(a),(b) 3.18 Property, plant and equipment
Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated
in the consolidated statement of financial position at their revalued amounts, being the fair value at the date of
revaluation, less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. Revaluations
are performed with sufficient regularity such that the carrying amounts do not differ materially from those that would be
determined using fair values at the end of each reporting period.
Any revaluation increase arising on the revaluation of such land and buildings is recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in equity, except to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease for the same asset previously
recognised in profit or loss, in which case the increase is credited to profit or loss to the extent of the decrease previously
expensed. A decrease in the carrying amount arising on the revaluation of such land and buildings is recognised in profit or
loss to the extent that it exceeds the balance, if any, held in the properties revaluation reserve relating to a previous
revaluation of that asset.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any
recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in
accordance with the Groups accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property,
plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other
property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
38
Depreciation on revalued buildings is recognised in profit or loss. On the subsequent sale or retirement of a revalued
property, the attributable revaluation surplus remaining in the properties revaluation reserve is transferred directly to
retained earnings.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets (other than freehold land and properties under
construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives,
residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes
in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets.
However, when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained by the end of the lease term, assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are
expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of
property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the
asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
IAS 40.75(a) 3.19 Investment property
Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation (including property under
construction for such purposes). Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs.
Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at fair value. Gains and losses arising from changes
in the fair value of investment properties are included in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.
An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from
use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the
property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included
in profit or loss in the period in which the property is derecognised.
3.20 Intangible assets
3.20.1 Intangible assets acquired separately
IAS 38.118(b) Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The
estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any
changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are
acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
3.20.2 Internally-generated intangible assets research and development expenditure
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.
An internally-generated intangible asset arising from development (or from the development phase of an internal project) is
recognised if, and only if, all of the following have been demonstrated:
the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the
intangible asset; and
the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.
The amount initially recognised for internally-generated intangible assets is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the
date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria listed above. Where no internally-generated intangible
asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred.
IAS 38.118(b) Subsequent to initial recognition, internally-generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation
and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.
3.20.3 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at
their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).
IAS 38.118(b) Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less
accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired
separately.
3.20.4 Derecognition of intangible assets
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
3.21 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill
At the end of each reporting period, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to
determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists,
the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is
not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the
cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified,
corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest
group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least
annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows
have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the
carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is
recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the
impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease (see note 3.18 above).
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased
to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying
amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit)
in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried
at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase (see note 3.18
above).
IAS 2.36(a) 3.22 Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs of inventories are determined on a first-in-first-out
basis. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and
costs necessary to make the sale.
3.23 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is
probable that the Group will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of
the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at
the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a
provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present
value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
40
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a
receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the
receivable can be measured reliably.
3.23.1 Onerous contracts
Present obligations arising under onerous contracts are recognised and measured as provisions. An onerous contract is
considered to exist where the Group has a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under
the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received from the contract.
3.23.2 Restructurings
A restructuring provision is recognised when the Group has developed a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has
raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement the plan or
announcing its main features to those affected by it. The measurement of a restructuring provision includes only the direct
expenditures arising from the restructuring, which are those amounts that are both necessarily entailed by the restructuring
and not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity.
3.23.3 Warranties
Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations under local sale of goods legislation are recognised at the date of
sale of the relevant products, at the directors best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Groups obligation.
3.23.4 Contingent liabilities acquired in a business combination
Contingent liabilities acquired in a business combination are initially measured at fair value at the acquisition date. At the
end of subsequent reporting periods, such contingent liabilities are measured at the higher of the amount that would be
recognised in accordance with IAS 37 and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amortisation recognised in
accordance with IAS 18 Revenue.
IFRS 7.21 3.24 Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a group entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of
the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to
the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair
value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as
appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial
liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
IFRS 7.21 3.25 Financial assets
Financial assets are classified into the following specified categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(FVTPL), held-to-maturity investments, available-for-sale (AFS) financial assets and loans and receivables. The classification
depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. All regular
way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or
sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation
or convention in the marketplace.
3.25.1 Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest
income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts
(including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and
other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to
the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
IFRS 7.B5(e) Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as at FVTPL.
3.25.2 Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets are classified as at FVTPL when the financial asset is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.
A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:
it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages together and
has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
A financial asset other than a financial asset held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:
such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise
arise; or
the financial asset forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its
performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Groups documented risk management or
investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or
it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IAS 39 permits the entire combined
contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL.
IFRS 7.B5(e) Financial assets at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit or
loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and
is included in the other gains and losses line item. Fair value is determined in the manner described in note 40.
3.25.3 Held-to-maturity investments
Held-to-maturity investments are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity
dates that the Group has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Subsequent to initial recognition, held-to-
maturity investments are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment.
3.25.4 Available-for-sale financial assets (AFS financial assets)
AFS financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated as AFS or are not classified as (a) loans and receivables,
(b) held-to-maturity investments or (c) financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
Listed redeemable notes held by the Group that are traded in an active market are classified as AFS and are stated at fair
value at the end of each reporting period. The Group also has investments in unlisted shares that are not traded in an
active market but that are also classified as AFS financial assets and stated at fair value at the end of each reporting period
(because the directors consider that fair value can be reliably measured). Fair value is determined in the manner described
in note 40. Changes in the carrying amount of AFS monetary financial assets relating to changes in foreign currency rates
(see below), interest income calculated using the effective interest method and dividends on AFS equity investments are
recognised in profit or loss. Other changes in the carrying amount of available-for-sale financial assets are recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of investments revaluation reserve. When the
investment is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in the
investments revaluation reserve is reclassified to profit or loss.
Dividends on AFS equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Groups right to receive the dividends is
established.
The fair value of AFS monetary financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency
and translated at the spot rate prevailing at the end of the reporting period. The foreign exchange gains and losses that are
recognised in profit or loss are determined based on the amortised cost of the monetary asset. Other foreign exchange
gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income.
AFS equity investments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably
measured and derivatives that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of such unquoted equity investments are
measured at cost less any identified impairment losses at the end of each reporting period.
3.25.5 Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an
active market. Loans and receivables (including [trade and other receivables, bank balances and cash, and others [describe])
are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.
42
Interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate, except for short-term receivables when the effect of
discounting is immaterial.
3.25.6 Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period.
Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that
occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been
affected.
IFRS 7.B5(f), 37(b) For AFS equity investments, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered to
be objective evidence of impairment.
For all other financial assets, objective evidence of impairment could include:
significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty; or
breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; or
it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organisation; or
the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
For certain categories of financial assets, such as trade receivables, assets are assessed for impairment on a collective basis
even if they were assessed not to be impaired individually. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables
could include the Groups past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the number of delayed payments in the
portfolio past the average credit period of 60 days, as well as observable changes in national or local economic conditions
that correlate with default on receivables.
For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognised is the difference between the
assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial assets original
effective interest rate.
For financial assets that are carried at cost, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the
assets carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of
return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment loss will not be reversed in subsequent periods.
The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with the
exception of trade receivables, where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. When a
trade receivable is considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of
amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount of the
allowance account are recognised in profit or loss.
When an AFS financial asset is considered to be impaired, cumulative gains or losses previously recognised in other
comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss in the period.
For financial assets measured at amortised cost, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases
and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the previously
recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at
the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortised cost would have been had the impairment not
been recognised.
In respect of AFS equity securities, impairment losses previously recognised in profit or loss are not reversed through profit
or loss. Any increase in fair value subsequent to an impairment loss is recognised in other comprehensive income and
accumulated under the heading of investments revaluation reserve. In respect of AFS debt securities, impairment losses are
subsequently reversed through profit or loss if an increase in the fair value of the investment can be objectively related to
an event occurring after the recognition of the impairment loss.
3.25.7 Derecognition of financial assets
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when
it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the
Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the
transferred asset, the Group recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have
to pay. If the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Group
continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the assets carrying amount and the sum of the
consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive
income and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss.
On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Group retains an option to repurchase part of
a transferred asset), the Group allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues
to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of
those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer
recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss
allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in profit or loss. A cumulative gain or
loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be
recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.
IFRS 7.21 3.26 Financial liabilities and equity instruments
3.26.1 Classification as debt or equity
Debt and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance
with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
3.26.2 Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its
liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a group entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Companys own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is
recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Companys own equity instruments.
3.26.3 Compound instruments
The component parts of compound instruments (convertible notes) issued by the Company are classified separately as
financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a
financial liability and an equity instrument. Conversion option that will be settled by the exchange of a fixed amount of
cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Companys own equity instruments is an equity instrument.
At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar
non-convertible instruments. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis using the effective interest
method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instruments maturity date.
The conversion option classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair
value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognised and included in equity, net of income tax effects, and is
not subsequently remeasured. In addition, the conversion option classified as equity will remain in equity until the
conversion option is exercised, in which case, the balance recognised in equity will be transferred to [share premium/other
equity [describe]]. When the conversion option remains unexercised at the maturity date of the convertible note, the
balance recognised in equity will be transferred to [retained profits/other equity [describe]]. No gain or loss is recognised in
profit or loss upon conversion or expiration of the conversion option.
Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the convertible notes are allocated to the liability and equity components in
proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds. Transaction costs relating to the equity component are recognised
directly in equity. Transaction costs relating to the liability component are included in the carrying amount of the liability
component and are amortised over the lives of the convertible notes using the effective interest method.
3.26.4 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or other financial liabilities.
3.26.4.1 Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.
A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:
it has been acquired principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or
on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages together and
has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
44
A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:
such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise
arise; or
the financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its
performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Groups documented risk management or
investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or
it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IAS 39 permits the entire combined
contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL.
IFRS 7.B5(e) Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit
or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is
included in the other gains and losses line item. Fair value is determined in the manner described in note 40.
3.26.4.2 Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest
expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash
payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction
costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter
period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
3.26.4.3 Financial guarantee contracts
A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for
a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt
instrument.
Financial guarantee contracts issued by a group entity are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at
FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:
the amount of the obligation under the contract, as determined in accordance with IAS 37; and
the amount initially recognised less, where appropriate, cumulative amortisation recognised in accordance with the
revenue recognition policies.
3.26.4.4 Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Groups obligations are discharged, cancelled or they
expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and
payable is recognised in profit or loss.
IFRS 7.21 3.27 Derivative financial instruments
The Group enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign
exchange rate risks, including foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps.
Further details of derivative financial instruments are disclosed in note 40.
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently
remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss
immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the
recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship.
3.27.1 Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when they meet the definition of
a derivative, their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the contracts are not
measured at FVTPL.
IFRS 7.21 3.28 Hedge accounting
The Group designates certain hedging instruments, which include derivatives, embedded derivatives and non-derivatives in
respect of foreign currency risk, as either fair value hedges, cash flow hedges, or hedges of net investments in foreign
operations. Hedges of foreign exchange risk on firm commitments are accounted for as cash flow hedges.
At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the
hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.
Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Group documents whether the hedging
instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the
hedged risk.
Note 40 sets out details of the fair values of the derivative instruments used for hedging purposes.
3.28.1 Fair value hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in profit or loss
immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged
risk. The change in the fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged
risk are recognised in profit or loss in the line item relating to the hedged item.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Group revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires
or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the
carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to profit or loss from that date.
3.28.2 Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is
recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve. The gain
or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss, and is included in the other gains and
losses line item.
Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss
in the periods when the hedged item is recognised in profit or loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item.
However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability,
the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from
equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Group revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires
or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast
transaction is ultimately recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or
loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
3.28.3 Hedges of net investments in foreign operations
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the
hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognised in other comprehensive income and
accumulated under the heading of foreign currency translation reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion
is recognised immediately in profit or loss, and is included in the other gains and losses line item.
Gains and losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge accumulated in the foreign
currency translation reserve are reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the foreign operation.
46
4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
Note: The following are examples of the types of disclosures that might be required in this area. The matters disclosed
will be dictated by the circumstances of the individual entity, and by the significance of judgements and
estimates made to the performance and financial position of the entity. Instead of disclosing this information in
a separate note, it may be more appropriate to include such disclosures in the relevant asset and liability notes,
or as part of the relevant accounting policy disclosures.
In the application of the Groups accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the directors are required to make
judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are
considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are
recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the
revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
IAS 1.122 4.1 Critical judgements in applying accounting policies
The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations (see note 4.2 below), that the directors
have made in the process of applying the Groups accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the
amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements.
4.1.1 Revenue recognition
Note 13.6 describes the expenditure required in the year for rectification work carried out on goods supplied to one of the
Groups major customers. These goods were delivered to the customer in the months of January to July 2012, and shortly
thereafter the defects were identified by the customer. Following negotiations, a schedule of works was agreed, which will
involve expenditure by the Group until 2014. In the light of the problems identified, the directors were required to consider
whether it was appropriate to recognise the revenue from these transactions of CU19 million in the current year, in line
with the Groups general policy of recognising revenue when goods are delivered, or whether it was more appropriate to
defer recognition until the rectification work was complete.
In making their judgement, the directors considered the detailed criteria for the recognition of revenue from the sale of
goods set out in IAS 18 and, in particular, whether the Group had transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards
of ownership of the goods. Following the detailed quantification of the Groups liability in respect of rectification work, and
the agreed limitation on the customers ability to require further work or to require replacement of the goods, the directors
are satisfied that the significant risks and rewards have been transferred and that recognition of the revenue in the current
year is appropriate, in conjunction with the recognition of an appropriate provision for the rectification costs.
4.1.2 Held-to-maturity financial assets
The directors have reviewed the Groups held-to-maturity financial assets in the light of its capital maintenance and liquidity
requirements and have confirmed the Groups positive intention and ability to hold those assets to maturity. The carrying
amount of the held-to-maturity financial assets is CU5.905 million (31 December 2011: CU4.015 million). Details of these
assets are set out in note 22.
4.1.3 Deferred taxation on investment properties
For the purposes of measuring deferred tax liabilities or deferred tax assets arising from investment properties that are
concluded that the Groups investment properties are not held under a business model whose objective is to consume
substantially all of the economic benefits embodied in the investment properties over time, rather than through sale.
Therefore, in determining the Groups deferred taxation on investment properties, the directors have determined that the
presumption that the carrying amounts of investment properties measured using the fair value model are recovered entirely
through sale is not rebutted. As a result, the Group has not recognised any deferred taxes on changes in fair value of
investment properties as the Group is not subject to any income taxes on disposal of its investment properties.
IAS 1.125, 129 4.2 Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of
the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities within the next financial year.
4.2.1 Recoverability of internally generated intangible asset
During the year, the directors reconsidered the recoverability of the Groups internally generated intangible asset arising
from its e-business development, which is included in the consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December
2012 at CU0.5 million (31 December 2011: CU0.5 million).
The project continues to progress in a satisfactory manner, and customer reaction has reconfirmed the directors previous
estimates of anticipated revenues from the project. However, increased competitor activity has caused the directors to
reconsider their assumptions regarding future market share and anticipated margins on these products. Detailed sensitivity
analysis has been carried out and the directors are confident that the carrying amount of the asset will be recovered in full,
even if returns are reduced. This situation will be closely monitored, and adjustments made in future periods if future
market activity indicates that such adjustments are appropriate.
4.2.2 Impairment of goodwill
Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash-generating units to which
goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the directors to estimate the future cash flows expected
to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.
The carrying amount of goodwill at 31 December 2012 was CU20.3 million (31 December 2011: CU24.1 million) after an
impairment loss of CU235,000 was recognised during 2012 (2011: nil). Details of the impairment loss calculation are set
out in note 17.
4.2.3 Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
As described at 3.18 above, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment at the end of
each reporting period. During the current year, the directors determined that the useful lives of certain items of equipment
should be shortened, due to developments in technology.
The financial effect of this reassessment, assuming the assets are held until the end of their estimated useful lives, is to
increase the consolidated depreciation expense in the current financial year and for the next 3 years, by the following
amounts:
CU000
2012 879
2013 607
2014 144
2015 102
4.2.4 Valuation of financial instruments
As described in note 40, the Group uses valuation techniques that include inputs that are not based on observable market
data to estimate the fair value of certain types of financial instruments. Note 40 provides detailed information about the
key assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the detailed sensitivity
analysis for these assumptions.
The directors believe that the chosen valuation techniques and assumptions used are appropriate in determining the fair
value of financial instruments.
48
5. Revenue
IAS 18.35(b) The following is an analysis of the Groups revenue for the year from continuing operations (excluding investment income
see note 7).
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 18.35(b) Revenue from the sale of goods 119,232 128,852
IAS 18.35(b) Revenue from the rendering of services 16,388 18,215
IAS 11.39(a) Construction contract revenue 5,298 4,773
140,918 151,840
6. Segment information
Note: The following segment information is required by IFRS 8 Operating Segments to be presented in the
consolidated financial statements of a group with a parent (and in the separate or individual financial
statements of an entity):
whose debt or equity instruments are traded in a public market (a domestic or foreign stock exchange or
an over-the-counter market, including local and regional markets); or
that files, or is in the process of filing, its (consolidated) financial statements with a securities commission or
other regulatory organisation for the purpose of issuing any class of instruments in a public market.
6.1 Products and services from which reportable segments derive their revenues
IFRS 8.22 Information reported to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of
segment performance focuses on the types of goods or services delivered or provided, and in respect of the electronic
equipment and leisure goods operations, the information is further analysed based on the different classes of customers.
The directors of the Company have chosen to organise the Group around differences in products and services. No
operating segments have been aggregated in arriving at the reportable segments of the Group.
Specifically, the Groups reportable segments under IFRS 8 are as follows:
Electronic equipment direct sales
wholesalers
internet sales
Leisure goods wholesalers
retail outlets
Computer software Installation of computer software for specialised business applications
Construction Construction of residential properties
The leisure goods segments supply sports shoes and equipment, as well as outdoor play equipment.
Two operations (the manufacture and sale of toys and bicycles) were discontinued in the current year. The segment
information reported on the next pages does not include any amounts for these discontinued operations, which are
described in more detail in note 11.
6.2 Segment revenues and results
IFRS 8.23, 23(a) The following is an analysis of the Groups revenue and results from continuing operations by reportable segment.
Segment revenue Segment profit
Year Year Year Year
ended ended ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Electronic equipment direct sales 37,509 39,641 6,619 9,331
wholesalers 20,194 22,534 6,618 5,954
internet sales 27,563 29,699 6,632 5,348
Leisure goods wholesalers 13,514 18,332 3,252 4,110
retail outlets 20,452 18,646 4,921 4,372
Computer software 16,388 18,215 3,201 5,260
Construction 5,298 4,773 389 1,500
IFRS 8.28(a) Total for continuing operations 140,918 151,840 31,632 35,875
Share of profits of associates 1,186 1,589
Gain recognised on disposal of interest
in former associate 581
Investment income 3,608 2,351
Other gains and losses 647 1,005
Central administration costs and directors salaries (2,933) (2,666)
Finance costs (4,418) (6,023)
IFRS 8.28(b) Profit before tax (continuing operations) 30,303 32,131
IFRS 8.23(b) Segment revenue reported above represents revenue generated from external customers. There were no inter-segment
sales in the current year (2011: nil).
IFRS 8.27 The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Groups accounting policies described in note 3.
Segment profit represents the profit before tax earned by each segment without allocation of central administration costs
and directors salaries, share of profits of associates, gain recognised on disposal of interest in former associate, investment
income, other gains and losses as well as finance costs. This is the measure reported to the chief operating decision maker
for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance.
50
6.3 Segment assets and liabilities
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
IFRS 8.23, 28(c) Segment assets
Electronic equipment direct sales 51,100 47,378
wholesalers 48,596 36,061
internet sales 42,648 32,817
Leisure goods wholesalers 29,851 33,942
retail outlets 16,300 18,749
Computer software 16,732 14,873
Construction 11,724 15,610
Total segment assets 216,951 199,430
Assets relating to toy and bicycle operations (now discontinued) 22,336 38,170
Unallocated 29,138 25,898
Consolidated total assets 268,425 263,498
IFRS 8.23, 28(d) Segment liabilities
Electronic equipment direct sales 8,667 8,158
wholesalers 4,935 3,422
internet sales 3,783 3,784
Leisure goods wholesalers 3,152 3,262
retail outlets 2,278 2,581
Computer software 1,266 1,565
Total segment liabilities 25,514 24,604
Liabilities relating to toy and bicycle operations (now discontinued) 3,684 4,982
Unallocated 67,331 66,860
Consolidated total liabilities 96,529 96,446
IFRS 8.27 For the purposes of monitoring segment performance and allocating resources between segments:
all assets are allocated to reportable segments other than interests in associates, other financial assets, and current
and deferred tax assets. Goodwill is allocated to reportable segments as described in note 17.1. Assets used jointly by
reportable segments are allocated on the basis of the revenues earned by individual reportable segments; and
all liabilities are allocated to reportable segments other than borrowings, other financial liabilities, current and
deferred tax liabilities. Liabilities for which reportable segments are jointly liable are allocated in proportion to segment
assets.
6.4 Other segment information
IFRS 8.23(e), 24(b) Depreciation and Additions to
amortisation non-current assets
Year Year Year Year
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Electronic equipment direct sales 2,097 2,039 4,695 2,682
wholesalers 2,076 2,466 1,770 1,023
internet sales 2,067 2,329 3,205 2,024
Leisure goods wholesalers 2,014 2,108 5,880 1,547
retail outlets 1,889 3,240 4,234 2,901
Computer software 756 1,326 2,195 1,901
Construction 294 370 500 384
11,193 13,878 22,479 12,462
IFRS 8.23(i) In addition to the depreciation and amortisation reported above, impairment losses of CU1.204 million (2011: nil) and
IAS 36.129 CU235,000 (2011: nil) were recognised in respect of property, plant and equipment and goodwill, respectively. These
impairment losses were attributable to the following reportable segments.
CU000
Impairment losses recognised for the year in respect of property, plant and equipment:
Electronic equipment direct sales 529
wholesalers 285
internet sales 390
1,204
Impairment loss recognised for the year in respect of goodwill
Construction 235
IFRS 8.23(f) Rectification costs of CU4.17 million (2011: nil) disclosed in note 13.6 relate to the electronic equipment direct sales
reportable segment.
6.5 Revenue from major products and services
IFRS 8.32 The following is an analysis of the Groups revenue from continuing operations from its major products and services.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Electronic equipment 85,266 91,874
Sports shoes 11,057 11,850
Sports equipment 9,946 11,000
Outdoor play equipment 12,963 14,128
Installation of computer software 16,388 18,215
140,918 151,840
52
6.6 Geographical information
The Group operates in three principal geographical areas A Land (country of domicile), B Land and C Land.
IFRS 8.33(a),(b) The Groups revenue from continuing operations from external customers by location of operations and information about
its non-current assets* by location of assets are detailed below.
Revenue from
external customers Non-current assets*
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
A Land 84,202 73,971 98,453 88,012
B Land 25,898 43,562 21,411 25,745
C Land 25,485 25,687 16,085 19,341
Other 5,333 8,620 5,826 8,809
140,918 151,840 141,775 141,907
* Non-current assets exclude those relating to toy and bicycle operations and non-current assets classified as held for sale,
and exclude financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and assets arising from insurance
contracts.
6.7 Information about major customers
IFRS 8.34 Included in revenues arising from direct sales of electronic equipment of CU37.5 million (2011: CU39.6 million) (see note
6.2 above) are revenues of approximately CU25.6 million (2011: CU19.8 million) which arose from sales to the Groups
largest customer. No other single customers contributed 10% or more to the Groups revenue for both 2012 and 2011.
7. Investment income
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Rental income:
IAS 17.47(e) Finance lease contingent rental income
Operating lease rental income:
IAS 40.75(f) Investment property 18 14
IAS 17.56(b) Contingent rental income
Others [describe]
18 14
IAS 18.35(b) Interest income:
Bank deposits 1,650 541
Available-for-sale investments 154 98
Other loans and receivables 66 5
Held-to-maturity investments 445 410
IFRS 7.20(d) Impaired financial assets
2,315 1,054
IAS 18.35(b) Royalties 79 28
IAS 18.35(b) Dividends from equity investments 156 154
Others (aggregate of immaterial items) 1,040 1,101
3,608 2,351
The following is an analysis of investment income by category of asset.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Available-for-sale financial assets 154 98
Loans and receivables (including cash and bank balances) 1,716 546
Held-to-maturity investments 445 410
IFRS 7.20(b) Total interest income earned on financial assets that are not designated
as at fair value through profit or loss 2,315 1,054
Dividend income earned on available-for-sale financial assets 156 154
Investment income earned on non-financial assets 1,137 1,143
3,608 2,351
Income relating to financial assets classified as at fair value through profit or loss is included in other gains and losses
in note 8.
54
8. Other gains and losses
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 1.98(c) Gain/(loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment 6 67
IAS 1.98(d) Gain/(loss) on disposal of available-for-sale investments
IFRS 7.20(a) Cumulative gain/(loss) reclassified from equity on disposal of
vailable-for-sale investments
IFRS 7.20(a) Cumulative loss reclassified from equity on impairment of
available-for-sale investments
IAS 21.52(a) Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) 819 474
Gain arising on effective settlement of legal claim against
Subseven Limited (note 44) 40
IFRS 7.20(a) Net gain/(loss) arising on financial assets designated as at FVTPL
IFRS 7.20(a) Net gain/(loss) arising on financial liabilities designated as at FVTPL (i) (488)
IFRS 7.20(a) Net gain/(loss) arising on financial assets classified as held for trading (ii) 202 99
IFRS 7.20(a) Net gain/(loss) arising on financial liabilities classified as held for trading(iii) (51)
IAS 40.76(d) Gain/(loss) arising on changes in fair value of investment property 30 297
IFRS 7.24(b) Hedge ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges 89 68
IFRS 7.24(c) Hedge ineffectiveness on net investment hedges
647 1,005
(i) The net loss on these financial liabilities designated as at FVTPL includes a gain of CU125,000 resulting from the
decrease in fair value of the liabilities, offset by dividends of CU613,000 paid during the year.
(ii) The amount represents a net gain on non-derivative held for trading financial assets (see note 22) and comprises an
increase in fair value of CU202,000 (2011: 99,000), including interest of CU46,000 received during the year
(2011: CU27,000)).
(iii) The amount represents a net loss arising on an interest rate swap that economically hedges the fair value of the
redeemable cumulative preference shares, but for which hedge accounting is not applied (see note 34). The net loss on
the interest rate swap comprises an increase in fair value of CU51,000 of the swap, including interest of CU3,000 paid
during the year.
No other gains or losses have been recognised in respect of loans and receivables or held-to-maturity investments, other
than as disclosed in notes 7 and 9 and impairment losses recognised/reversed in respect of trade receivables (see notes 13
and 25).
9. Finance costs
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Interest on bank overdrafts and loans (other than those from related parties) 3,056 3,531
Interest on loans from related parties 1,018 2,521
Interest on obligations under finance leases 75 54
Interest on convertible notes 110
Interest on perpetual notes 52
Interest on interest-free government loans 188
Other interest expense 25
IFRS 7.20(b) Total interest expense for financial liabilities not classified as at
FVTPL 4,524 6,106
IAS 23.26(a) Less: amounts included in the cost of qualifying assets (11) (27)
4,513 6,079
IFRS 7.24(a) Loss/(gain) arising on derivatives as designated hedging instruments
in fair value hedges 5
IFRS 7.24(a) (Gain)/loss arising on adjustment for hedged item attributable to the
hedged risk in a designated fair value hedge accounting relationship (5)

IFRS 7.23(d) (Gain)/loss arising on interest rate swaps as designated hedging instruments
in cash flow hedges of floating rate debt reclassified from equity to profit or loss (123) (86)
Unwinding of discounts on provisions 28 30
IFRS 5.17 Unwinding of discount on costs to sell non-current assets classified as held for sale
Other finance costs
4,418 6,023
IAS 23.26(b) The weighted average capitalisation rate on funds borrowed generally is 8.0% per annum (2011: 7.8% per annum).
Finance costs relating to financial liabilities classified as at fair value through profit or loss are included in other gains and
losses in note 8.
56
10. Income taxes relating to continuing operations
10.1 Income tax recognised in profit or loss
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
IAS 12.79 Current tax
In respect of the current year 10,071 11,347
In respect of prior years
Others [describe]
10,071 11,347
IAS 12.80 Deferred tax
In respect of the current year 1,634 448
Deferred tax reclassified from equity to profit or loss (150) (86)
Adjustments to deferred tax attributable to changes in tax rates and laws
Write-downs (reversals of previous write-downs) of deferred tax assets
Others [describe]
1,484 362
Total income tax expense recognised in the current year relating to continuing operations 11,555 11,709
IAS 12.81(c) The income tax expense for the year can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Profit before tax from continuing operations 30,303 32,131
Income tax expense calculated at 30% (2011: 30%) 9,091 9,639
Effect of income that is exempt from taxation (39) (90)
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit 2,562 2,221
Effect of concessions (research and development and other allowances) (75) (66)
Impairment losses on goodwill that are not deductible 5
Effect of unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognised as deferred tax assets
Effect of previously unrecognised and unused tax losses and deductible
temporary differences now recognised as deferred tax assets
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other jurisdictions 11 5
IAS 12.81(d) Effect on deferred tax balances due to the change in income tax rate
from xx% to xx% (effective [insert date])
Others [describe]
11,555 11,709
Adjustments recognised in the current year in relation to the
current tax of prior years
Income tax expense recognised in profit or loss (relating to
continuing operations) 11,555 11,709
IAS 12.81(c) The tax rate used for the 2012 and 2011 reconciliations above is the corporate tax rate of 30% payable by corporate
entities in A Land on taxable profits under tax law in that jurisdiction.
IAS 12.81(a) 10.2 Income tax recognised directly in equity
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current tax
Others [describe]
(9)
Deferred tax
Arising on transactions with owners:
Initial recognition of the equity component of convertible notes 242
Share issue and buy-back expenses deductible over 5 years (75)
Excess tax deductions related to share-based payments
Others [describe]
167
Total income tax recognised directly in equity 158
IAS 12.81(ab) 10.3 Income tax recognised in other comprehensive income
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current tax
[describe]
Deferred tax
Arising on income and expenses recognised in other comprehensive income:
Translation of foreign operations 22 36
Fair value remeasurement of hedging instruments entered into for a
hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation (4)
Fair value remeasurement of available-for-sale financial assets 28 24
Fair value remeasurement of hedging instruments entered into for
cash flow hedges 131 95
Property revaluations 493
Others [describe]
177 648
Arising on income and expenses reclassified from equity to profit or loss:
Relating to cash flow hedges (37) (26)
Relating to available-for-sale financial assets
On disposal of a foreign operation (36)
(73) (26)
Arising on gains/losses of hedging instruments in cash flow hedges
transferred to the initial carrying amounts of hedged items (77) (60)
Total income tax recognised in other comprehensive income 27 562
58
10.4 Current tax assets and liabilities
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current tax assets
Benefit of tax losses to be carried back to recover taxes paid in prior periods
Tax refund receivable 125 60
Others [describe]
125 60
Current tax liabilities
Income tax payable 5,270 5,868
Others [describe]
5,270 5,868
10.5 Deferred tax balances
The following is the analysis of deferred tax assets/(liabilities) presented in the consolidated statement of financial position:
31/12/12 31/12/11 01/01/11
CU000 CU000 CU000
(restated) (restated)
Deferred tax assets 2,083 1,964 1,843
Deferred tax liabilities (6,630) (5,567) (4,436)
(4,547) (3,603) (2,593)
IAS 12.81(a),(g) Liabilities
associated
Recognised Reclassified with assets
in other from classified
Recognised compre- Recognised equity as held
Opening in profit hensive directly to profit Acquisitions/ for sale Closing
2012 balance or loss income in equity or loss disposals (note 12) balance
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Deferred tax (liabilities)/
assets in relation to:
Cash flow hedges (119) (131) 114 (136)
Net investment hedges 4 4
Associates (1,268) (356) (1,624)
Property, plant & equipment (3,165) (1,517) 458 430 (3,794)
Finance leases (22) 18 (4)
Intangible assets (572) 196 (376)
FVTPL financial assets
AFS financial assets (226) (28) (254)
Deferred revenue 34 12 46
Convertible notes 9 (242) (233)
Exchange difference on
foreign operations (14) (22) 36
Provisions 1,672 42 1,714
Doubtful debts 251 (8) (4) 239
Other financial liabilities 5 2 7
Unclaimed share issue
and buy-back costs 75 75
Others [describe] (181) (32) (213)
(3,605) (1,634) (177) (167) 150 454 430 (4,549)
Tax losses
Others 2 2
2 2
(3,603) (1,634) (177) (167) 150 454 430 (4,547)
60
IAS 12.81(a),(g) Liabilities
associated
Recognised Reclassified with assets
in other from classified
Recognised compre- Recognised equity as held
Opening in profit hensive directly to profit Acquisitions/ for sale Closing
2011 (restated) balance or loss income in equity or loss disposals (note 12) balance
Deferred tax (liabilities)/
assets in relation to:
Cash flow hedges (110) (95) 86 (119)
Associates (791) (477) (1,268)
Property, plant & equipment (2,560) (112) (493) (3,165)
Finance leases (29) 7 (22)
Intangible assets (669) 97 (572)
FVTPL financial assets
AFS financial assets (202) (24) (226)
Deferred revenue 20 14 34
Exchange difference on
foreign operations 22 (36) (14)
Provisions 1,692 (20) 1,672
Doubtful debts 122 129 251
Other financial liabilities 9 (4) 5
Others [describe] (97) (84) (181)
(2,593) (450) (648) 86 (3,605)
Tax losses
Others 2 2
2 2
(2,593) (448) (648) 86 (3,603)
10.6 Unrecognised deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 12.81(e) Deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits
for which no deferred tax assets have been recognised are attributable
to the following:
tax losses (revenue in nature)
tax losses (capital in nature)
unused tax credits (expire [date]) 11 11
deductible temporary differences [describe]
11 11
The unrecognised tax credits will expire in 2014.
10.7 Unrecognised taxable temporary differences associated with investments and interests
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 12.81(f) Taxable temporary differences in relation to investments in subsidiaries,
branches and associates and interests in joint ventures for which deferred tax
liabilities have not been recognised are attributable to the following:
domestic subsidiaries 120 125
foreign subsidiaries
associates and jointly controlled entities
others [describe]
120 125
11. Discontinued operations
11.1 Disposal of toy manufacturing operations
IFRS 5.30 On 28 September 2012, the Company entered into a sale agreement to dispose of Subzero Limited, which carried out all
IFRS 5.41 of the Groups toy manufacturing operations. The proceeds of sale substantially exceeded the carrying amount of the
related net assets and, accordingly, no impairment losses were recognised on the reclassification of these operations as
held for sale. The disposal of the toy manufacturing operations is consistent with the Groups long-term policy to focus its
activities in the electronic equipment and other leisure goods markets. The disposal was completed on 30 November 2012,
on which date control of the toy manufacturing operations passed to the acquirer. Details of the assets and liabilities
disposed of, and the calculation of the profit or loss on disposal, are disclosed in note 45.
11.2 Plan to dispose of the bicycle business
IFRS 5.30 On 30 November 2012, the directors announced a plan to dispose of the Groups bicycle business. The disposal is
IFRS 5.41 consistent with the Groups long-term policy to focus its activities on the electronic equipment and other leisure goods
markets. The Group is actively seeking a buyer for its bicycle business and expects to complete the sale by 31 July 2013.
The Group has not recognised any impairment losses in respect of the bicycle business, neither when the operation was
reclassified as held for sale nor at the end of the reporting period.
11.3 Analysis of profit for the year from discontinued operations
The combined results of the discontinued operations (i.e. toy and bicycle businesses) included in the profit for the year are
set out below. The comparative profit and cash flows from discontinued operations have been re-presented to include
those operations classified as discontinued in the current year.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 5.33(b) Profit for the year from discontinued operations
Revenue 64,405 77,843
Other gains 30 49
64,435 77,892
Expenses (54,905) (64,899)
Profit before tax 9,530 12,993
IAS 12.81(h) Attributable income tax expense (2,524) (2,998)
7,006 9,995
Loss on remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell
Gain/(loss) on disposal of operation including a cumulative exchange
gain of CU120,000 reclassified from foreign currency translation reserve
to profit or loss (see note 45) 1,940
IAS 12.81(h) Attributable income tax expense (636)
1,304
IFRS 5.33(d) Profit for the year from discontinued operations (attributable to owners of the Company) 8,310 9,995
IFRS 5.33(c) Cash flows from discontinued operations
Net cash inflows from operating activities 6,381 7,078
Net cash inflows from investing activities 2,767
Net cash outflows from financing activities (5,000)
Net cash inflows 4,148 7,078
The bicycle business has been classified and accounted for at 31 December 2012 as a disposal group held for sale
(see note 12).
62
12. Assets classified as held for sale
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Freehold land held for sale (i) 1,260
Assets related to bicycle business (ii) 21,076
22,336
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale (ii) 3,684
IFRS 5.41 (i) The Group intends to dispose of a parcel of freehold land it no longer utilises in the next 12 months. The property
located on the freehold land was previously used in the Groups toy operations and has been fully depreciated.
A search is underway for a buyer. No impairment loss was recognised on reclassification of the land as held for sale
nor at 31 December 2012.
IFRS 5.41 (ii) As described in note 11, the Group is seeking to dispose of its bicycle business and anticipates that the disposal will be
IFRS 5.38 completed by 31 July 2013. The major classes of assets and liabilities of the bicycle business at the end of the reporting
period are as follows:
31/12/12
CU000
Goodwill 1,147
Property, plant and equipment 16,944
IAS 2.36(c) Inventories 2,090
Trade receivables 720
Cash and bank balances 175
Assets of bicycle business classified as held for sale 21,076
Trade payables (3,254)
Current tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities (430)
Liabilities of bicycle business associated with assets classified as held for sale (3,684)
Net assets of bicycle business classified as held for sale 17,392
13. Profit for the year from continuing operations
IFRS 5.33(d) Profit for the year from continuing operations is attributable to:
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Owners of the Company 14,748 17,659
Non-controlling interests 4,000 2,763
18,748 20,422
Profit for the year from continuing operations has been arrived at after charging (crediting):
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.20(e) 13.1 Impairment losses on financial assets
Impairment loss on trade receivables (see note 25) 63 430
Impairment loss on available-for-sale equity investments
Impairment loss on available-for-sale debt investments
Impairment loss on held-to-maturity financial assets
Impairment loss on loans carried at amortised cost
63 430
Reversal of impairment losses on trade receivables (103)
13.2 Depreciation and amortisation expense
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 9,601 12,322
IAS 38.118(d) Amortisation of intangible assets (included in [cost of sales/depreciation and
amortisation expense/administrative expense/other expenses]) 1,592 1,556
IAS 1.104 Total depreciation and amortisation expense 11,193 13,878
IAS 40.75(f) 13.3 Direct operating expenses arising from investment property
Direct operating expenses from investment property that generated
rental income during the year 1 2
Direct operating expenses from investment property that did not
generate rental income during the year
1 2
IAS 38.126 13.4 Research and development costs expensed as incurred 502 440
64
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
13.5 Employee benefits expense
Post employment benefits (see note 39)
IAS 19.46 Defined contribution plans 160 148
IAS 19.120A(g) Defined benefit plans 896 428
1,056 576
IFRS 2.50 Share-based payments (see note 42.1)
IFRS 2.51(a) Equity-settled share-based payments 206 338
IFRS 2.51(a) Cash-settled share-based payments
206 338
IAS 19.142 Termination benefits
Other employee benefits 8,851 10,613
IAS 1.104 Total employee benefits expense 10,113 11,527
13.6 Exceptional rectification costs
IAS 1.97 Costs of CU4.17 million have been recognised during the year in respect of rectification work to be carried out on goods
supplied to one of the Groups major customers, which have been included in [cost of sales/cost of inventories and
employee benefits expense] (2011: nil). The amount represents the estimated cost of work to be carried out in accordance
with an agreed schedule of works up to 2014. CU1.112 million of the provision has been utilised in the current year, with
a provision of CU3.058 million carried forward to meet anticipated expenditure in 2013 and 2014 (see note 35).
14. Earnings per share
Note: IAS 33 Earnings per Share requires that earnings per share (EPS) information be presented in the consolidated
financial statements of a group with a parent (and in the separate or individual financial statements of an
entity):
whose ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares are traded in a public market (a domestic or foreign
stock exchange or an over-the-counter market, including local or regional markets); or
that files, or is in the process of filing, its (consolidated) financial statements with a securities commission or
other regulatory organisation for the purpose of issuing any class of instruments in a public market.
If other entities choose to disclose EPS information voluntarily in their financial statements that comply with
IFRSs, the disclosures in relation to the EPS information should comply fully with the requirements set out in
IAS 33.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
Cents Cents
per share per share
(restated)
Basic earnings per share
From continuing operations 84.6 87.7
IAS 33.68 From discontinued operations 47.7 49.7
Total basic earnings per share 132.3 137.4
Diluted earnings per share
From continuing operations 74.1 83.6
IAS 33.68 From discontinued operations 41.5 47.4
Total diluted earnings per share 115.6 131.0
66
IAS 33.70(a) 14.1 Basic earnings per share
The earnings and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings per share are as
follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company 23,058 27,654
Others [describe]
Earnings used in the calculation of basic earnings per share 23,058 27,654
Profit for the year from discontinued operations used in the calculation of
basic earnings per share from discontinued operations (8,310) (9,995)
Others [describe]
Earnings used in the calculation of basic earnings per share from continuing operations 14,748 17,659
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
000 000
IAS 33.70(b) Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes
of basic earnings per share 17,432 20,130
14.2 Diluted earnings per share
IAS 33.70(a) The earnings used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share are as follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Earnings used in the calculation of basic earnings per share 23,058 27,654
Interest on convertible notes (after tax at 30%) 77
Earnings used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share 23,135 27,654
Profit for the year from discontinued operations used in the calculation of
diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations (8,310) (9,995)
Others [describe]
Earnings used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share from continuing operations 14,825 17,659
IAS 33.70(b) The weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of diluted earnings per share reconciles to the weighted
average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings per share as follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
000 000
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of
basic earnings per share 17,432 20,130
Shares deemed to be issued for no consideration in respect of:
employee options 161 85
partly paid ordinary shares 1,073 900
convertible notes 1,350
others [describe]
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of
diluted earnings per share 20,016 21,115
IAS 33.70(c) The following potential ordinary shares are anti-dilutive and are therefore excluded from the weighted average number of
ordinary shares for the purpose of diluted earnings per share.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
000 000
[Describe]
14.3 Impact of changes in accounting policies
IAS 8.28(f) Changes in the Groups accounting policies during the year are described in detail in note 2.1. To the extent that those
changes have had an impact on results reported for 2012 and 2011, they have had an impact on the amounts reported for
earnings per share.
The following table summarises that effect on both basic and diluted earnings per share.
Increase (decrease)
in profit for the year Increase (decrease) Increase (decrease)
attributable to the in basic in diluted
owners of the Company earnings per share earnings per share
Year Year Year Year Year Year
ended ended ended ended ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
Cents Cents Cents Cents
CU000 CU000 per share per share per share per share
Changes in accounting policies relating to:
Application of the amendments to IAS 12
(see note 2.1) 9 90 0.05 0.45 0.04 0.43
9 90 0.05 0.45 0.04 0.43
68
15. Property, plant and equipment
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Carrying amounts of:
Freehold land 13,868 16,658
Buildings 8,132 11,204
Plant and equipment 87,755 107,697
IAS 17.31(a) Equipment under finance lease 28 162
109,783 135,721
IAS 16.73(a Equipment
IAS 16.73(d),(e) Freehold Buildings under
IAS16.74 (b) land at at Plant and finance
revalued revalued equipment lease at
amount amount at cost cost Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Cost or valuation
Balance at 1 January 2011 15,610 12,659 159,107 630 188,006
Additions 1,008 10,854 40 11,902
Disposals (27,298) (27,298)
Acquisitions through business
combinations
Construction expenditure capitalised
Reclassified as held for sale
Revaluation increase 1,608 37 1,645
Effect of foreign currency
exchange differences (560) (288) (848)
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2011 16,658 13,704 142,375 670 173,407
Additions 21,473 21,473
Disposals (1,439) (1,200) (12,401) (624) (15,664)
Transferred as consideration for
acquisition of subsidiary (400) (400)
Derecognised on disposal of a
subsidiary (8,419) (8,419)
ombinations 512 512
Reclassified as held for sale (1,260) (1,357) (22,045) (24,662)
Revaluation increase/(decrease)
exchange differences 309 1,673 1,982
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2012 13,868 11,147 123,168 46 148,229
IAS 16.73(a Equipment
IAS 16.73(d),(e) Freehold Buildings under
land at at Plant and finance
revalued revalued equipment lease at
amount amount at cost cost Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
Balance at 1 January 2011 (1,551) (25,019) (378) (26,948)
Eliminated on disposals of assets 4,610 4,610
Eliminated on revaluation (2) (2)
Eliminated on reclassification
as held for sale
Impairment losses recognised in
profit or loss
Reversals of impairment losses recognised
in profit or loss
Depreciation expense (947) (14,717) (130) (15,794)
exchange differences 448 448
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2011 (2,500) (34,678) (508) (37,686)
Eliminated on disposals of assets 106 3,602 500 4,208
Eliminated on disposal of a subsidiary 2,757 2,757
Eliminated on revaluation
Eliminated on reclassification
as held for sale 153 6,305 6,458
IAS 36.126(a) Impairment losses recognised in
profit or loss (1,204) (1,204)
IAS 36.126(b) Reversals of impairment losses recognised
in profit or loss
Depreciation expense (774) (11,803) (10) (12,587)
exchange differences (392) (392)
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2012 (3,015) (35,413) (18) (38,446)
15.1 Impairment losses recognised in the year
IAS 36.130(a) During the year, as the result of the unexpected poor performance of a manufacturing plant, the Group carried out a
to (g) review of the recoverable amount of that manufacturing plant and the related equipment. These assets are used in the
Groups electronic equipment reportable segments. The review led to the recognition of an impairment loss of CU1.09
million, which has been recognised in profit or loss. The recoverable amount of the relevant assets has been determined on
the basis of their value in use. The discount rate used in measuring value in use was 9% per annum. No impairment
assessment was performed in 2011 as there was no indication of impairment.
IAS 36.131 Additional impairment losses recognised in respect of property, plant and equipment in the year amounted to CU0.114
million. These losses are attributable to greater than anticipated wear and tear. These assets are also used in the Groups
electronic equipment reportable segment.
IAS 36.126(a) The impairment losses have been included in profit or loss in the [other expenses/cost of sales] line item.
IAS 16.73(c) The following useful lives are used in the calculation of depreciation.
Buildings 20 30 years
Plant and equipment 5 15 years
Equipment under finance lease 5 years
70
15.2 Freehold land and buildings carried at revalued amounts
IAS 16.77(a) The valuation of the Groups land and buildings was performed by Messrs R & P Trent, independent valuers not related
to (d) to the Group, to determine the fair value of the land and buildings as at 31 December 2012 and 31 December 2011.
Messrs R & P Trent are members of the Institute of Valuers of A Land. The valuation was determined by reference to recent
market transactions on arms length term.
IAS 16.77(e) Had the Groups land and buildings (other than land and buildings classified as held for sale or included in a disposal
group) been measured on a historical cost basis, their carrying amount would have been as follows.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Freehold land 11,957 14,747
Buildings 7,268 10,340
15.3 Assets pledged as security
IAS 16.74(a) Freehold land and buildings with a carrying amount of approximately CU22 million (31 December 2011: approximately
CU27.8 million) have been pledged to secure borrowings of the Group (see note 32). The freehold land and buildings have
been pledged as security for bank loans under a mortgage. The Group is not allowed to pledge these assets as security for
other borrowings or to sell them to another entity.
In addition, the Groups obligations under finance leases (see note 38) are secured by the lessors title to the leased assets,
which have a carrying amount of CU28,000 (31 December 2011: CU162,000).
16. Investment property
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Fair value
Completed investment property 1,968 1,941
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 40.76
Balance at beginning of year 1,941 1,500
Additions 10 202
Acquisitions through business combinations
Other acquisitions [describe]
Disposals (58)
Transferred from property, plant and equipment
Other transfers [describe]
Property reclassified as held for sale
Gain/(loss) on property revaluation 30 297
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences (13)
Other changes [describe]
Balance at end of year 1,968 1,941
IAS 40.75(d),(e) The fair value of the Groups investment property at 31 December 2012 and 31 December 2011 has been arrived at on the
basis of a valuation carried out on the respective dates by Messrs R & P Trent, independent valuers not related to the
Group. Messrs R & P Trent are members of the Institute of Valuers of A Land, and they have appropriate qualifications and
recent experience in the valuation of properties in the relevant locations. The valuation was arrived at by reference to
[market evidence of transaction prices for similar properties/other methods [describe]].
Note: IAS 40.75(d) requires entities to disclose methods and significant assumptions used in determining the fair value
of investment properties. Entities are also required to include a statement as to whether the determination of
fair value is supported by market evidence or is more heavily based on other factors (which the entities should
disclose).
All of the Groups investment property is held under freehold interests.
72
17. Goodwill
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Cost 20,520 24,060
Accumulated impairment losses (235)
20,285 24,060
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 3.B67(d) Cost
Additional amounts recognised from business combinations occurring
during the year (note 44) 478
Derecognised on disposal of a subsidiary (note 45) (3,080)
Reclassified as held for sale (note 12) (1,147)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 209 140
Others [describe]
Accumulated impairment losses
Balance at beginning of year
IAS 36.126(a) Impairment losses recognised in the year (235)
Derecognised on disposal of a subsidiary
Classified as held for sale
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences
Balance at end of year (235)
17.1 Allocation of goodwill to cash-generating units
IAS 36.134, 135 Goodwill has been allocated for impairment testing purposes to the following cash-generating units.
Leisure goods retail outlets
Electronic equipment internet sales
Construction operations Murphy Construction
Construction operations other.
Before recognition of impairment losses, the carrying amount of goodwill (other than goodwill relating to discontinued
operations) was allocated to cash-generating units as follows.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Leisure goods retail outlets 10,162 9,620
Electronic equipment internet sales 8,623 8,478
Construction operations Murphy Construction 235 235
Construction operations other 1,500 1,500
20,520 19,833
Leisure goods retail outlets
The recoverable amount of this cash-generating unit is determined based on a value in use calculation which uses cash
flow projections based on financial budgets approved by the directors covering a five-year period, and a discount rate of
9% per annum (2011: 8% per annum).
Cash flow projections during the budget period are based on the same expected gross margins and raw materials price
inflation throughout the budget period. The cash flows beyond that five-year period have been extrapolated using a steady
5% (2011: 5%) per annum growth rate which is the projected long-term average growth rate for the international leisure
goods market. The directors believe that any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which recoverable
amount is based would not cause the aggregate carrying amount to exceed the aggregate recoverable amount of the
cash-generating unit.
Electronic equipment internet sales
The recoverable amount of the electronic equipment internet sales segment as a cash-generating unit is determined
based on a value in use calculation which uses cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by the directors
covering a five-year period, and a discount rate of 9% per annum (2011: 8% per annum). Cash flows beyond that five-year
period have been extrapolated using a steady 21% (2011: 18%) per annum growth rate. This growth rate exceeds by
0.5 percentage points the long-term average growth rate for the international electronic equipment market. However, among
other factors, the internet sales cash-generating unit benefits from the protection of a 20-year patent on the Series Z
electronic equipment, granted in 2007, which is still acknowledged as one of the top models in the market. The steady
growth rate of 21% is estimated by the directors based on past performance and their expectations of market development.
The directors estimate that a decrease in growth rate by 1 to 5% would result in the aggregate carrying amount of the
cash-generating unit exceeding the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit by approximately CU 1 to 5 million.
The directors believe that any reasonably possible change in the other key assumptions on which recoverable amount is
based would not cause the electronic equipment internet sales carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount.
Construction operations Murphy Construction
IAS 36.130 The goodwill associated with Murphy Construction arose when that business was acquired by the Group in 2006.
The business has continued to operate on a satisfactory basis, but without achieving any significant increase in market
share. During the year, the government of A Land introduced new regulations requiring registration and certification of
builders for government contracts. In the light of the decision to focus the Groups construction activities through the
other operating units in Subthree Limited, the directors have decided not to register Murphy Construction for this purpose,
which means that it has no prospects of obtaining future contracts. The directors have consequently determined to write
off the goodwill directly related to Murphy Construction amounting to CU235,000. No other write-down of the assets of
Murphy Construction is considered necessary. Contracts in progress at the end of the year will be completed without loss
to the Group.
The impairment loss has been included in profit or loss in the other expenses line item.
74
Construction operations other
The recoverable amount of the Groups remaining construction operations has been determined based on a value in use
calculation which uses cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by the directors covering a five-year
period, and a discount rate of 9% per annum (2011: 8% per annum). Cash flows beyond that five-year period have been
extrapolated using a steady 8% (2011: 8%) per annum growth rate. This growth rate does not exceed the long-term
average growth rate for the construction market in A Land. The directors believe that any reasonably possible further
change in the key assumptions on which recoverable amount is based would not cause the construction operations
carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount.
The key assumptions used in the value in use calculations for the leisure goods and electronic equipment cash-generating
units are as follows.
Budgeted market share Average market share in the period immediately before the budget period, plus a growth
of 1-2% of market share per year. The values assigned to the assumption reflect past
experience and is consistent with the directors plans for focusing operations in these
markets. The directors believe that the planned market share growth per year for the next
five years is reasonably achievable.
Budgeted gross margin Average gross margins achieved in the period immediately before the budget period,
increased for expected efficiency improvements. This reflects past experience, except for
efficiency improvements. The directors expect efficiency improvements of 3 5% per year
to be reasonably achievable.
Raw materials price inflation Forecast consumer price indices during the budget period for the countries from which
raw materials are purchased. The values assigned to the key assumption are consistent
with external sources of information.
18. Other intangible assets
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Carrying amounts of:
Capitalised development 1,194 1,906
Patents 4,369 4,660
Trademarks 706 942
Licenses 3,470 3,817
9,739 11,325
Capitalised
development Patents Trademarks Licenses Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
IAS 38.118(c),(e) Cost
Balance at 1 January 2011 3,230 5,825 4,711 6,940 20,706
Additions
Additions from internal developments 358 358
combinations
Disposals or classified as held for sale
Effect of foreign currency exchange
differences
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2011 3,588 5,825 4,711 6,940 21,064
Additions
Additions from internal developments 6 6
combinations
differences
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2012 3,594 5,825 4,711 6,940 21,070
Accumulated amortisation and impairment
Balance at 1 January 2011 (1,000) (874) (3,533) (2,776) (8,183)
Amortisation expense (682) (291) (236) (347) (1,556)
IAS 36.130(b) Impairment losses recognised in
profit or loss
IAS 36.130(b) Reversals of impairment losses
recognised in profit or loss
differences
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2011 (1,682) (1,165) (3,769) (3,123) (9,739)
Amortisation expense (718) (291) (236) (347) (1,592)
IAS 36.130(b) Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss
IAS 36.130(b) Reversals of impairment losses
recognised in profit or loss
differences
Others [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2012 (2,400) (1,456) (4,005) (3,470) (11,331)
76
IAS 38.118(a) The following useful lives are used in the calculation of amortisation.
Capitalised development 5 years
Patents 10 20 years
Trademarks 20 years
Licenses 20 years
18.1 Significant intangible assets
IAS 38.122(b) The Group holds a patent for the manufacture of its Series Z electronic equipment. The carrying amount of the patent of
CU2.25 million (31 December 2011: CU2.4 million) will be fully amortised in 15 years (31 December 2011: 16 years).
19. Subsidiaries
Details of the Groups subsidiaries at the end of the reporting period are as follows.
Proportion of
Place of ownership interest
incorporation and voting power
Name of subsidiary Principal activity and operation held by the Group
31/12/12 31/12/11
Subzero Limited Manufacture of toys A Land Nil 100%
Subone Limited Manufacture of electronic equipment A Land 90% 100%
Subtwo Limited Manufacture of leisure goods A Land 45% 45%
Subthree Limited Construction of residential properties A Land 100% 100%
Subfour Limited Manufacture of leisure goods B Land 70% 70%
Subfive Limited Manufacture of electronic equipment
and bicycles C Land 100% 100%
Subsix Limited Manufacture of leisure goods A Land 80% Nil
Subseven Limited Manufacture of leisure goods A Land 100% Nil
Note: IFRSs do not require disclosures of a list of investments in subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements.
The above information is considered as the best practice. When local laws or regulations require the list of
investments in subsidiaries to be disclosed, the above disclosures should be modified to comply with the
additional local requirements.
IAS 27.41(e) During the year, the Group disposed of 10% of its interest in Subone Limited, reducing its continuing interest to 90%.
The proceeds on disposal of CU213,000 were received in cash. An amount of CU179,000 (being the proportionate share
of the carrying amount of the net assets of Subone Limited) has been transferred to non-controlling interests (see note 31).
The difference of CU34,000 between the increase in the non-controlling interests and the consideration received has been
credited to retained earnings (see note 30).
IAS 27.41(a) The Group owns 45% equity shares of Subtwo Limited, and consequently does not control more than half of the voting
power of those shares. However, based on the contractual arrangements between the Group and other investors, the
Group has the power to appoint and remove the majority of the board of directors of Subtwo Limited, and hence the
Group has control over the financial and operating policies of Subtwo Limited. Therefore, Subtwo Limited is controlled by
the Group and is consolidated in these financial statements.
78
20. Investments in associates
Details of the Groups associates at the end of the reporting period are as follows.
Proportion of
Place of ownership interest
incorporation and voting power
Name of associate Principal activity and operation held by the Group
31/12/12 31/12/11
A Plus Limited (i)&(ii) Transport M Land 35% 35%
B Plus Limited (iii) Steel manufacturing A Land 17% 17%
C Plus Limited (iv) Manufacture of electronic equipment C Land 45% 45%
D Plus Limited Transport R Land 35% 35%
Note: IFRSs do not require disclosures of a list of investments in associates in the consolidated financial statements.
The above information is considered as the best practice. When local laws or regulations require the list of
investments in associates to be disclosed, the above disclosures should be modified to comply with the
additional local requirements.
(i) Pursuant to a shareholder agreement, the Company has the right to cast 37% of the votes at shareholder meetings of
A Plus Limited.
IAS 28.37(e) (ii) The financial year end date of A Plus Limited is 31 October. This was the reporting date established when that
company was incorporated, and a change of reporting date is not permitted in M Land. For the purposes of applying
the equity method of accounting, the financial statements of A Plus Limited for the year ended 31 October 2012 have
been used, and appropriate adjustments have been made for the effects of significant transactions between that date
and 31 December 2012.
IAS 28.37(c) (iii) Although the Group holds less than 20% of the equity shares of B Plus Limited, and it has less than 20% of the voting
power at shareholder meetings, the Group exercises significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint
two directors to the board of directors of that company.
IAS 28.37(a) (iv) C Plus Limited is a listed entity in C Land with its ordinary shares traded on the stock exchange of C Land. As at 31
December 2012, the fair value of the Groups interest in C Plus Limited, which is listed on the stock exchange of C
Land, was CU8.0 million (31 December 2011: CU7.8 million).
IAS 28.37(b) Summarised financial information in respect of the Groups associates is set out below.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Total assets 42,932 38,178
Total liabilities (14,848) (12,218)
Net assets 28,084 25,960
Groups share of net assets of associates 7,402 7,270
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Total revenue 12,054 11,904
Total profit for the year 3,953 5,479
Groups share of profits of associates 1,186 1,589
Groups share of other comprehensive income
In the prior year, the Group held a 40% interest in E Plus Limited and accounted for the investment as an associate. In
December 2012, the Group disposed of a 30% interest in E Plus Limited to a third party for proceeds of CU1.245 million
(received in January 2013). The Group has retained the remaining 10% interest as an available-for-sale investment whose
fair value at the date of disposal was CU360,000. This transaction has resulted in the recognition of a gain in profit or loss,
calculated as follows.
CU000
Proceeds of disposal 1,245
Plus: fair value of investment retained (10%) 360
Less: carrying amount of investment on the date of loss of significant influence (1,024)
Gain recognised 581
The gain recognised in the current year comprises a realised profit of CU477,000 (being the proceeds of CU1.245 million
less CU768,000 carrying amount of the interest disposed of) and an unrealised profit of CU104,000 (being the fair value
less the carrying amount of the 10% interest retained). A current tax expense of CU143,000 arose on the gain realised in
the current year, and a deferred tax expense of CU32,000 has been recognised in respect of the portion of the profit
recognised that is not taxable until the remaining interest is disposed of.
80
21. Joint ventures
IAS 31.56 The Group has the following significant interests in joint ventures:
(a) a 25% share in the ownership of a property located in Central District, City A. The Group is entitled to a proportionate
share of the rental income received and bears a proportionate share of the outgoings; and
(b) a 33.3% equity shareholding with equivalent voting power in JV Electronics Limited, a jointly controlled entity
established in C Land.
There has been no change in the Groups ownership or voting interests in these joint ventures for the reported years.
IAS 31.56 The following amounts are included in the Groups consolidated financial statements as a result of the proportionate
consolidation of JV Electronics Limited.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current assets 1,800 2,334
Non-current assets 7,993 6,854
Current liabilities 936 1,005
Non-current liabilities 4,858 4,521
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Income 2,124 2,005
Expenses 1,787 1,763
Other comprehensive income
IFRS 7.7 22. Other financial assets
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.7 Derivatives designated and effective as hedging
instruments carried at fair value
Foreign currency forward contracts 244 220
Interest rate swaps 284 177
528 397
IFRS 7.8(a) Financial assets carried at fair value
through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Non-derivative financial assets designated as at FVTPL
Held for trading derivatives that are not designated in
hedge accounting relationships
Held for trading non-derivative financial assets 1,539 1,639
1,539 1,639
IFRS 7.8(b) Held-to-maturity investments carried at amortised cost
Bills of exchange (i) 5,405 4,015
Debentures (ii) 500
5,905 4,015
IFRS 7.8(d) Available-for-sale investments carried at fair value
Redeemable notes (iii) 2,200 2,180
Shares (iv) 5,719 5,285
7,919 7,465
IFRS 7.8(c) Loans carried at amortised cost
Loans to related parties (v) 3,637 3,088
Loans to other entities
3,637 3,088
19,528 16,604
Current 8,757 6,949
Non-current 10,771 9,655
19,528 16,604
IFRS 7.7 (i) The Group holds bills of exchange that carry interest at variable rate. The weighted average interest rate on these
securities is 7.10% per annum (2011: 7.0% per annum). The bills have maturity dates ranging between 3 to 18 months
from the end of the reporting period. The counterparties have a minimum A credit rating. None of these assets had
been past due or impaired at the end of the reporting period.
(ii) The debentures carry interest at 6% per annum payable monthly, and mature in March 2013. The counterparties have
a minimum B credit rating. None of these assets had been past due or impaired at the end of the reporting period.
82
(iii) The Group holds listed redeemable notes that carry interest at 7% per annum. The notes are redeemable at par value
in 2014. The notes are held with a single counterparty with an AA credit rating. The Group holds no collateral over this
balance.
IAS 28.37(d) (iv) The Group holds 20% of the ordinary share capital of Rocket Corp Limited, a company involved in the refining and
distribution of fuel products. The directors of the Company do not consider that the Group is able to exercise
significant influence over Rocket Corp Limited as the other 80% of the ordinary share capital is held by one
shareholder, who also manages the day-to-day operations of that company.
At 31 December 2012, the Group also continues to hold a 10% interest in E Plus Limited, a former associate
(see note 20).
IAS 24.18(b) (v) The Group has provided several of its key management personnel with short-term loans at rates comparable to the
average commercial rate of interest. Further information about these loans is set out in note 43.
IAS 1.77 23. Other assets
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Prepayments
Others [describe]

Current
Non-current

IAS 2.36(b) 24. Inventories
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Raw materials 9,972 10,322
Work in progress 4,490 4,354
Finished goods 16,751 14,306
31,213 28,982
IAS 2.36(d) The cost of inventories recognised as an expense during the year in respect of continuing operations was CU87.9million
(31 December 2011: CU91.9million).
IAS 2.36(e),(f),(g) The cost of inventories recognised as an expense includes CU2.34 million (2011: CU1.86 million) in respect of write-downs
of inventory to net realisable value, and has been reduced by CU0.5 million (2011: CU0.4 million) in respect of the reversal
of such write-downs. Previous write-downs have been reversed as a result of increased sales prices in certain markets.
IAS 1.61 Inventories of CU1.29 million (31 December 2011: CU0.86 million) are expected to be recovered after more than twelve
months.
25. Trade and other receivables
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Trade receivables 17,788 15,476
Allowance for doubtful debts (798) (838)
16,990 14,638
Deferred sales proceeds
toy manufacturing operations (see note 45) 960
partial disposal of E Plus Limited (see note 20) 1,245
Operating lease receivable
Others [describe] 54 20
19,249 14,658
25.1 Trade receivables
IFRS 7.36(c), 37 The average credit period on sales of goods is 60 days. No interest is charged on trade receivables for the first 60 days from
the date of the invoice. Thereafter, interest is charged at 2% per annum on the outstanding balance. The Group has
recognised an allowance for doubtful debts of 100% against all receivables over 120 days because historical experience
has been that receivables that are past due beyond 120 days are not recoverable. Allowances for doubtful debts are
recognised against trade receivables between 60 days and 120 days based on estimated irrecoverable amounts determined
by reference to past default experience of the counterparty and an analysis of the counterpartys current financial position.
IFRS 7. 34(c), 36(c) Before accepting any new customer, the Group uses an external credit scoring system to assess the potential customers
credit quality and defines credit limits by customer. Limits and scoring attributed to customers are reviewed twice a year.
80% of the trade receivables that are neither past due nor impaired have the best credit scoring attributable under the
external credit scoring system used by the Group. Of the trade receivables balance at the end of the year, CU6.9 million
(31 December 2011: CU5.9 million) is due from Company A, the Groups largest customer (see notes 6.7 and 40.9).
There are no other customers who represent more than 5% of the total balance of trade receivables.
IFRS 7.37 Trade receivables disclosed above include amounts (see below for aged analysis) that are past due at the end of the
reporting period for which the Group has not recognised an allowance for doubtful debts because there has not been a
significant change in credit quality and the amounts (which include interest accrued after the receivable is more than 60
days outstanding) are still considered recoverable.
IFRS 7.37(a) Age of receivables that are past due but not impaired
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
60-90 days 1,100 700
91-120 days 462 333
Total 1,562 1,033
Average age (days) 84 85
84
IFRS 7.16 Movement in the allowance for doubtful debts
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Balance at beginning of the year 838 628
Impairment losses recognised on receivables 63 430
Amounts written off during the year as uncollectible (220)
Amounts recovered during the year
Impairment losses reversed (103)
Foreign exchange translation gains and losses
Unwind of discount
Balance at end of the year 798 838
IFRS 7.33(a),(b) In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable, the Group considers any change in the credit quality of the trade
receivable from the date credit was initially granted up to the end of the reporting period. The concentration of credit risk
is limited due to the fact that the customer base is large and unrelated.
IFRS 7.37(b) Included in the allowance for doubtful debts are individually impaired trade receivables amounting to CU63,000
(31 December 2011: CU430,000) which have been placed under liquidation. The impairment recognised represents the
difference between the carrying amount of these trade receivables and the present value of the expected liquidation
proceeds. The Group does not hold any collateral over these balances.
IFRS 7.37(b) Age of impaired trade receivables
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
60-90 days 353 320
91-120 days 191 101
121+ days 654 717
Total 1,198 1,138
25.2 Transfer of financial assets
IFRS 7.14(a), During the year, the Group discounted trade receivables with an aggregate carrying amount of CU1.052 million to a bank
42D(a), (b), (c), (f) for cash proceeds of CU1 million. If the trade receivables are not paid at maturity, the bank has the right to request the
Group to pay the unsettled balance. As the Group has not transferred the significant risks and rewards relating to these
trade receivables, it continues to recognise the full carrying amount of the receivables and has recognised the cash received
on the transfer as a secured borrowing (see note 32).
IFRS 7.42D(e) At the end of the reporting period, the carrying amount of the trade receivables that have been transferred but have not
been derecognised amounted to CU0.946 million and the carrying amount of the associated liability is CU0.923 million.
26. Finance lease receivables
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current finance lease receivables 198 188
Non-current finance lease receivables 830 717
1,028 905
26.1 Leasing arrangements
IAS 17.47(f) The Group entered into finance lease arrangements for certain of its storage equipment. All leases are denominated in
IFRS 7.7 Currency Units. The average term of finance leases entered into is 4 years.
26.2 Amounts receivable under finance leases
IAS 17.47(a) Present value of minimum l
Minimum lease payments lease payments
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Not later than one year 282 279 198 188
Later than one year and not later than five years 1,074 909 830 717
1,356 1,188 1,028 905
IAS 17.47(b) Less: unearned finance income (328) (283) n/a n/a
Present value of minimum lease payments receivable 1,028 905 1,028 905
IAS 17.47(d) Allowance for uncollectible lease payments
1,028 905 1,028 905
IAS 17.47(c) Unguaranteed residual values of assets leased under finance leases at the end of the reporting period are estimated at
CU37,000 (31 December 2011: CU42,000).
IFRS 7.7 The interest rate inherent in the leases is fixed at the contract date for the entire lease term. The average effective interest
rate contracted is approximately 10.5% (31 December 2011: 11%) per annum.
IFRS 7.36(c) The finance lease receivables at the end of the reporting period are neither past due nor impaired.
86
27. Amounts due from (to) customers under construction contracts
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Contracts in progress at the end of the reporting period
IAS 11.40(a) Construction costs incurred plus recognised profits less
recognised losses to date 1,517 1,386
Less: progress billings (1,313) (1,171)
204 215
Recognised and included in the consolidated financial
statements as amounts due:
IAS 11.42(a) from customers under construction contracts 240 230
IAS 11.42(b) to customers under construction contracts (36) (15)
204 215
IAS 11.40(b),(c) At 31 December 2012, retentions held by customers for contract work amounted to CU75,000 (31 December 2011:
CU69,000). Advances received from customers for contract work amounted to CU14,000 (31 December 2011: nil).
Note: Notes 28 to 31 below set out detailed descriptions and reconciliations for each class of share capital and each
component of equity, as required by IAS 1.79, IAS 1.106 and IAS 1.106A. IAS 1 permits some flexibility
regarding the level of detail presented in the statement of changes in equity and these supporting notes. IAS 1
allows an analysis of other comprehensive income by item for each component of equity to be presented either
in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes. For the purposes of the preparation of this model, the
Group has elected to present the analysis of other comprehensive income in the notes.
IAS 1 also allows that some of the details regarding items of other comprehensive income (income tax and
reclassification adjustments) may be disclosed in the notes rather than in the statement of profit or loss and
other comprehensive income. Entities will determine the most appropriate presentation for their circumstances
electing to present much of the detail in the notes (as we have done in these model financial statements)
ensures that the primary financial statements are not cluttered by unnecessary detail, but it does result in very
detailed supporting notes.
Whichever presentation is selected, entities will need to ensure that the following requirements are met:
detailed reconciliations are required for each class of share capital (in the statement of changes in equity or
in the notes);
detailed reconciliations are required for each component of equity separately disclosing the impact on
each such component of (i) profit or loss, (ii) each item of other comprehensive income, and (iii)
transactions with owners in their capacity as owners (in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes);
the amount of income tax relating to each item of other comprehensive income should be disclosed (in the
statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or in the notes); and
reclassification adjustments should be presented separately from the related item of other comprehensive
income (in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or in the notes).
28. Issued capital
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Share capital 17,819 23,005
Share premium 14,620 25,667
32,439 48,672
Issued capital comprises:
IAS 1.79(a) 14,844,000 fully paid ordinary shares
(31 December 2011: 20,130,000) 29,469 45,797
IAS 1.79(a) 2,500,000 partly paid ordinary shares
(31 December 2011: 2,500,000) 1,775 1,775
IAS 1.79(a) 1,200,000 fully paid 10% convertible
non-participating preference shares
(31 December 2011: 1,100,000) 1,195 1,100
32,439 48,672
88
IAS 1.79(a) 28.1 Fully paid ordinary shares
Number Share Share
of shares capital premium
000 CU000 CU000
Balance at 1 January 2011 20,130 20,130 25,667
Movements [describe]
Balance at 31 December 2011 20,130 20,130 25,667
Issue of shares under the Companys employee share
option plan (see note 42.1) 314 314
Issue of shares for consulting services 3 3 5
Share buy-back (5,603) (5,603) (10,853)
Income tax relating to share buy-back costs 83
Balance at 31 December 2012 14,844 14,844 14,625
Fully paid ordinary shares, which have a par value of CU1, carry one vote per share and carry a right to dividends.
IFRS 2.48 The fair value of shares issued for consulting services was determined by reference to the market rate for similar consulting
services.
The shares bought back in the current year were cancelled immediately.
IAS 1.79(a) 28.2 Partly paid ordinary shares
Number Share Share
000 CU000 CU000
Balance at 1 January 2011 2,500 1,775
Balance at 31 December 2011 2,500 1,775
Balance at 3 1 December 2012 2,500 1,775
Partly paid ordinary shares, which have a par value of CU1, carry one vote per share but do not carry a right to dividends.
IAS 1.79(a) 28.3 Convertible non-participating preference shares
Number Share Share
000 CU000 CU000
Balance at 1 January 2011 1,100 1,100
Balance at 31 December 2011 1,100 1,100
Issue of shares 100 100
Income tax relating to share issue costs 1
Balance at 31 December 2012 1,200 1,200 (5)
Convertible non-participating preference shares, which have a par value of CU1, are entitled to receive a discretionary
10% preference dividend before any dividends are declared to the ordinary shareholders. The convertible non-participating
preference shares can be converted into ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis at the option of the holder from
1 November 2015 to 31 October 2018. Any unconverted preference shares remaining after the end of the conversion
period will remain as outstanding non-participating preference shares. Convertible non-participating preference shares have
no right to share in any surplus assets or profits and no voting rights.
28.4 Share options granted under the Companys employee share option plan
IAS 1.79(a) At 31 December 2012, executives and senior employees held options over 196,000 ordinary shares of the Company, of
which 136,000 will expire on 30 March 2013 and 60,000 will expire on 28 September 2013. At 31 December 2011,
executives and senior employees held options over 290,000 ordinary shares of the Company, of which 140,000 were due
to expire on 30 March 2012 and 150,000 were due to expire on 29 September 2012.
Share options granted under the Companys employee share option plan carry no rights to dividends and no voting rights.
Further details of the employee share option plan are provided in note 42.1.
28.5 Redeemable cumulative preference shares
The redeemable cumulative preference shares issued by the Company have been classified as liabilities (see note 34).
90
29. Reserves (net of income tax)
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
General 807 807
Properties revaluation 1,198 1,201
Investments revaluation 593 527
Equity-settled employee benefits 544 338
Cash flow hedging 317 278
Foreign currency translation 186 225
Option premium on convertible notes 592
Others [describe]
4,237 3,376
IAS 1.106(d) 29.1 General reserve
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Balance at beginning of year 807 807
Balance at end of year 807 807
IAS 1.79(b) The general reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. There is
no policy of regular transfer. As the general reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and
is not an item of other comprehensive income, items included in the general reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to
profit or loss.
IAS 1. 91 29.2 Properties revaluation reserve
IAS 1.106(d)
IAS 1.106A
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 16.77(f) Balance at beginning of year 1,201 51
Increase arising on revaluation of properties 1,643
IAS 36.126(c) Impairment losses
IAS 36.126(d) Reversals of impairment losses
Deferred tax liability arising on revaluation (493)
Reversal of deferred tax liability on revaluation
Transferred to retained earnings (3)
Others [describe]
IAS 1.79(b) The properties revaluation reserve arises on the revaluation of land and buildings. When revalued land or buildings are sold,
IAS 1.82A the portion of the properties revaluation reserve that relates to that asset is transferred directly to retained earnings. Items
of other comprehensive income included in the properties revaluation reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to profit
or loss.
IAS 16.77(f) Distributions from the properties revaluation reserve can be made where they are in accordance with the requirements of
the Companys constitution, the Corporations Act and relevant case law. Amounts may also be effectively distributed out
of the properties revaluation reserve as part of a share buy-back. Generally, there is no restriction on the payment of bonus
shares out of the properties revaluation reserve. However, the payment of cash distributions out of the reserve is restricted
by the terms of the Companys constitution. These restrictions do not apply to any amounts transferred to retained profits.
The directors do not currently intend to make any distribution from the properties revaluation reserve.
IAS 1. 90 29.3 Investments revaluation reserve
IAS 1.106(d)
IAS 1.106A
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.20(a) Net gain arising on revaluation of available-for-sale
financial assets 94 81
Income tax relating to gain arising on revaluation of
available-for-sale financial assets (28) (24)
IFRS 7.20(a) Cumulative (gain)/loss reclassified to profit or loss on sale
of available-for-sale financial assets
IFRS 7.20(a) Cumulative loss reclassified to profit or loss on impairment
of available-for-sale financial assets
IAS 1.79(b) The investments revaluation reserve represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on the revaluation of available-for-
IAS 1.82A sale financial assets that have been recognised in other comprehensive income, net of amounts reclassified to profit or loss
when those assets have been disposed of or are determined to be impaired.
IAS 1.106(d) 29.4 Equity-settled employee benefits reserve
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Balance at beginning of year 338
Arising on share-based payments 206 338
Others [describe]
IAS 1.79(b) The above equity-settled employee benefits reserve relates to share options granted by the Company to its employees
under its employee share option plan. Items included in equity-settled employee benefits reserve will not be reclassified
subsequently to profit or loss. Further information about share-based payments to employees is set out in note 42.1.
92
IAS 1.90 29.5 Cash flow hedging reserve
IAS 1.106(d)
IAS 1.106A
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.23(c) Gain/(loss) arising on changes in fair value of hedging instruments
entered into for cash flow hedges
Forward foreign exchange contracts 209 (41)
Interest rate swaps 227 357
Currency swaps
Income tax related to gains/losses recognised in other
comprehensive income (131) (95)
IFRS 7.23(d) Cumulative (gain)/loss arising on changes in fair value of hedging
instruments reclassified to profit or loss
Forward foreign exchange contracts (3)
Interest rate swaps (120) (86)
Currency swaps
Income tax related to amounts reclassified to profit or loss 37 26
IFRS 7.23(e) Transferred to initial carrying amount of hedged items
Forward foreign exchange contracts (257) (201)
Income tax related to amounts transferred to initial carrying amount
of hedged item 77 60
Others [describe]
IAS 1.79(b) The cash flow hedging reserve represents the cumulative effective portion of gains or losses arising on changes in fair value
IAS 1.82A of hedging instruments entered into for cash flow hedges. The cumulative gain or loss arising on changes in fair value of
the hedging instruments that are recognised and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve will be
reclassified to profit or loss only when the hedged transaction affects the profit or loss, or included as a basis adjustment to
the non-financial hedged item, consistent with the Groups accounting policy.
IFRS 7.23(d) Cumulative (gains)/ losses arising on changes in fair value of hedging instruments reclassified from equity into profit or loss
during the year are included in the following line items:
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Revenue
Other income
Finance costs (120) (86)
Other expenses (3)
Income tax expense 114 86
Others [describe]
(9)
IAS 1.90 29.6 Foreign currency translation reserve
IAS 1.106(d)
IAS 1.106A
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 1.82A Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences arising on translating the foreign operations 75 121
Income tax relating to gains arising on translating the net assets
of foreign operations (22) (36)
Loss on hedging instruments designated in hedges of the net assets
of foreign operations (12)
Income tax relating to loss on hedge of the net assets of foreign operations 4
Gain/loss reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of foreign operations (166)
Income tax related to gain/loss reclassified on disposal of foreign operations 51
Gain/loss on hedging instruments reclassified to profit or loss on
disposal of foreign operations 46
Income tax related to gain/loss on hedging instruments reclassified on
disposal of foreign operation (15)
Others (describe)
IAS 1.79(b) Exchange differences relating to the translation of the results and net assets of the Groups foreign operations from their
IAS 1.82A functional currencies to the Groups presentation currency (i.e. Currency Units) are recognised directly in other
comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve. Gains and losses on hedging
instruments that are designated as hedging instruments for hedges of net investments in foreign operations are included
in the foreign currency translation reserve. Exchange differences previously accumulated in the foreign currency translation
reserve (in respect of translating both the net assets of foreign operations and hedges of foreign operations) are reclassified
to profit or loss on the disposal of the foreign operation.
IAS 1.106(d) 29.7 Option premium on convertible notes
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Balance at beginning of year
Recognition of option premium on issue of convertible notes 834
Related income tax (242)
Balance at end of year 592
IAS 1.79(b) The option premium on convertible notes represents the equity component (conversion rights) of the CU4.5 million 5.5%
convertible notes issued during the year (see note 33). Items included in option premium on convertible notes reserve will
not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss.
94
IAS 1.106(b), (d) 30. Retained earnings and dividends on equity instruments
IAS 1.106A
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Retained earnings 110,904 94,999
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Profit attributable to owners of the Company 23,058 27,654
Difference arising on disposal of interest in Subone Limited
(see note 19) 34
Payment of dividends (6,635) (6,479)
Share buy-back (555)
Related income tax
Transfer from properties revaluation reserve 3
Others [describe]
IAS 1.107 On 23 May 2012, a dividend of 32.1 cents per share (total dividend CU6.515 million) was paid to holders of fully paid
ordinary shares. In May 2011, the dividend paid was 31.64 cents per share (total dividend CU6.369 million).
Dividends of 10 cents per share were paid on convertible non-participating preference shares during the year
(2011: 10 cents per share) amounting to a total dividend of CU0.12 million (2011: CU0.11 million).
IAS 1.137(a) In respect of the current year, the directors propose that a dividend of 26.31 cents per share be paid to shareholders
IAS 10.13 25 May 2013. This dividend is subject to approval by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting and has not been
included as a liability in these consolidated financial statements. The proposed dividend is payable to all shareholders on
the Register of Members on 21 April 2013. The total estimated dividend to be paid is CU3.905 million. The payment of this
dividend will not have any tax consequences for the Group.
IAS 1.106(b), (d) 31. Non-controlling interests
IAS 1.106A
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Share of profit for the year 4,000 2,763
Non-controlling interests arising on the acquisition of
Subsix Limited (see note 44) 127
Additional non-controlling interests arising on disposal of interest in
Subone Limited (see note 19) 179
Non-controlling interest relating to outstanding vested share options held
by the employees of Subsix Limited (i) 5
(i) As at 31 December 2012, executives and senior employees of Subsix Limited held options over 5,000 ordinary shares
of Subsix Limited, of which 2,000 will expire on 12 March 2014 and 3,000 will expire on 17 September 2014.
These share options were issued by Subsix Limited before it was acquired by the Group in the current year. All of the
outstanding share options had vested by the acquisition date of Subsix Limited. CU5,000 represents the market-based
measure of these share options measured in accordance with IFRS 2 at the acquisition date. Further details of the
employee share option plan are provided in note 42.2.
IFRS 7.8(f) 32. Borrowings
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Unsecured at amortised cost
Bank overdrafts 520 314
Bills of exchange (i) 358 916
Loans from:
related parties (ii) (see note 43.3) 10,376 29,843
other entities (iii) 3,701 3,518
government (iv) 2,798 2,610
Convertible notes (note 33) 4,144
Perpetual notes (v) 1,905
Others [describe]
23,802 37,201
Secured at amortised cost
Bank overdrafts 18 64
Bank loans (vi) 14,982 17,404
Loans from other entities (iii) 575 649
Transferred receivables (vii) 923
Finance lease liabilities (viii) 14 89
Others [describe]
16,512 18,206
40,314 55,407
Current 22,446 25,600
40,314 55,407
32.1 Summary of borrowing arrangements
IFRS 7.7 (i) Bills of exchange with a variable interest rate were issued in 2005. The current weighted average effective interest rate
on the bills is 6.8% per annum (31 December 2011: 6.8% per annum).
(ii) Amounts repayable to related parties of the Group. Interest of 8.0% 8.2% per annum is charged on the outstanding
loan balances (31 December 2011: 8.0% 8.2% per annum).
(iii) Fixed rate loans with a finance company with remaining maturity periods not exceeding 3 years (31 December 2011:
4 years). The weighted average effective interest rate on the loans is 8.15% per annum (31 December 2011: 8.10%
per annum). The Group hedges a portion of the loans for interest rate risk via an interest rate swap exchanging fixed
rate interest for variable rate interest. The outstanding balance is adjusted for fair value movements in the hedged risk,
being movements in the inter-bank rate in A Land.
(iv) On 17 December 2011, the Group received an interest-free loan of CU3 million from the government of A Land to
finance staff training over a two-year period. The loan is repayable in full at the end of that two-year period.
Using prevailing market interest rates for an equivalent loan of 7.2%, the fair value of the loan is estimated at
CU2.61 million. The difference of CU390,000 between the gross proceeds and the fair value of the loan is the benefit
derived from the interest-free loan and is recognised as deferred revenue (see note 41). Interest expenses CU188,000
were recognised on this loan in 2012 and CU202,000 will be recognised in 2013.
(v) 2,500 perpetual notes with a coupon rate of 6% per annum were issued on 27 August 2012 at CU2.5 million principal
value. Issue costs of CU0.595 million were incurred.
(vi) Secured by a mortgage over the Groups freehold land and buildings (see note 15). The weighted average effective
interest rate on the bank loans is 8.30% per annum (31 December 2011: 8.32% per annum).
(vii) Secured by a charge over certain of the Groups trade receivables (see note 25.2).
(viii) Secured by the assets leased. The borrowings are a mix of variable and fixed interest rate debt with repayment periods
not exceeding 5 years (see note 38.2).
96
32.2 Breach of loan agreement
IFRS 7.18 During the current year, the Group was late in paying interest for the first quarter on one of its loans with a carrying
amount of CU5.00 million. The delay arose because of a temporary lack of funds on the date when interest was payable
due to a technical problem on settlement. The interest payment outstanding of CU107,500 was repaid in full a week later,
including the additional interest and penalty. The lender did not request accelerated repayment of the loan and the terms
of the loan were not changed. Management has reviewed the Groups settlement procedures to ensure that such
circumstances do not recur.
IFRS 7.7 33. Convertible notes
On 13 September 2012, the Company issued 4.5 million 5.5% CU denominated convertible notes with an aggregate
principal amount of CU4.5 million. Each note entitles the holder to convert to ordinary shares at a conversion price of
CU1.00.
Conversion may occur at any time between 13 July 2013 and 12 September 2015. If the notes have not been converted,
they will be redeemed on 13 September 2015 at CU1 each. Interest of 5.5% per annum will be paid quarterly up until the
notes are converted or redeemed.
IAS 32.28 The convertible notes contain two components: liability and equity elements. The equity element is presented in equity
under the heading of "option premium on convertible notes". The effective interest rate of the liability element on initial
recognition is 8.2% per annum.
CU000
Proceeds of issue 4,950
Liability component at the date of issue (4,116)
Equity component 834
Liability component at the date of issue 4,116
Interest charged calculated at an effective interest rate of 8.2% 110
Interest paid (82)
Liability component at 31 December 2012 (included in "borrowings" (note 32)) 4,144
34. Other financial liabilities
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Financial guarantee contracts 24 18
Derivatives that are designated and effective as
hedging instruments carried at fair value
Foreign currency forward contracts 87
Interest rate swaps 5
Currency swaps
Others [describe]
92
IFRS 7.8(e) Financial liabilities carried at fair value through
profit or loss (FVTPL)
Non-derivative financial liabilities designated as at
FVTPL on initial recognition (i) 14,875
Held for trading derivatives not designated in hedge
accounting relationships (ii) 51
Held for trading non-derivative financial liabilities
14,926
Others (contingent consideration) (iii) 75
15,117 18
Current 116 18
Non-current 15,001
15,117 18
(i) 3,000,000 redeemable cumulative preference shares with a coupon rate of 7% per annum were issued on 1 June 2012
at an issue price of CU5 per share. The shares are redeemable on 31 May 2014 at CU5 per share. The shares are
unsecured borrowings of the Group and are designated as at FVTPL (see below).
These redeemable cumulative preference shares do not contain any equity component and are classified as financial
liabilities in their entirety. In addition, the Group has designated these preference shares as financial liabilities at FVTPL
as permitted by IAS 39. The reference shares have fixed interest payments and mature on 31 May 2014.
To reduce the fair value risk of changing interest rates, the Group has entered into a pay-floating receive-fixed interest
rate swap. The swaps notional principal is CU15 million and matches the principal of the cumulative redeemable
preference shares. The swap matures on 31 May 2014. The designation of preference shares as at FVTPL eliminates the
accounting mismatch arising on measuring the liability at amortised cost and measuring the derivative at FVTPL.
Dividends of CU613,000 (2011: nil) were paid on redeemable cumulative preference shares and are included in profit
or loss in the "other gains and losses" line item.
(ii) A pay-floating receive-fixed interest rate swap economically hedges fair value interest rate risk of redeemable
cumulative preference shares.
(iii) Other financial liabilities include CU75,000 representing the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration
relating to the acquisition of Subsix Limited (see note 44.2). There has been no change in the fair value of the
contingent consideration since the acquisition date.
98
35. Provisions
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Employee benefits (i) 1,334 4,388
Other provisions (see below) 4,316 1,038
5,650 5,426
Current 3,356 3,195
5,650 5,426
Other provisions
Rectification Warranties Onerous
work (ii) (iii) leases (iv) Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
IAS 37.84(a) Balance at 1 January 2012 295 743 1,038
IAS 37.84(b) Additional provisions recognised 4,170 338 369 4,877
IAS 37.84(c) Reductions arising from payments/other sacrifices of
future economic benefits (1,112) (90) (310) (1,512)
IAS 37.84(d) Reductions resulting from re-measurement or
settlement without cost (15) (100) (115)
IAS 37.84(e) Unwinding of discount and effect of changes in the
discount rate 28 28
Others [describe]
IAS 37.84(a) Balance at 31 December 2012 3,058 528 730 4,316
IFRS 3.B64(j) (i) The provision for employee benefits represents annual leave and vested long service leave entitlements accrued and
compensation claims made by employees. On the acquisition of Subsix Limited, the Group recognised an additional
contingent liability of CU45,000 in respect of employees compensation claims outstanding against that company,
which was settled in February 2013. The decrease in the carrying amount of the provision for the current year results
from benefits being paid in the current year.
IAS 37.85(a),(b) (ii) The provision for rectification work relates to the estimated cost of work agreed to be carried out for the rectification
of goods supplied to one of the Groups major customers (see note 13.6). Anticipated expenditure for 2013 is CU1.94
million, and for 2014 is CU1.118 million. These amounts have not been discounted for the purposes of measuring the
provision for rectification work, because the effect is not material.
IAS 37.85(a),(b) (iii) The provision for warranty claims represents the present value of the directors best estimate of the future outflow of
economic benefits that will be required under the Groups obligations for warranties under local sale of goods
legislation. The estimate has been made on the basis of historical warranty trends and may vary as a result of new
materials, altered manufacturing processes or other events affecting product quality.
IAS 37.85(a),(b) (iv) The provision for onerous lease contracts represents the present value of the future lease payments that the Group is
presently obligated to make under non-cancellable onerous operating lease contracts, less revenue expected to be
earned on the lease, including estimated future sub-lease revenue, where applicable. The estimate may vary as a result
of changes in the utilisation of the leased premises and sub-lease arrangements where applicable. The unexpired terms
of the leases range from 3 to 5 years.
36. Other liabilities
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Lease incentives (note 48.1) 270 360
Others [describe] 5
270 365
Current 90 95
Non-current 180 270
270 365
37. Trade and other payables
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Trade payables 16,373 21,220
IFRS 2.51(b) Cash-settled share-based payments
Others [describe]
16,373 21,220
IFRS 7.7 The average credit period on purchases of certain goods from B Land is 4 months. No interest is charged on the trade
payables for the first 60 days from the date of the invoice. Thereafter, interest is charged at 2% per annum on the
outstanding balance. The Group has financial risk management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within
the pre-agreed credit terms.
100
38. Obligations under finance leases
38.1 Leasing arrangements
IAS 17.31(e) The Group leased certain of its manufacturing equipment under finance leases. The average lease term is 5 years
IFRS 7.7 (2011: 5 years). The Group has options to purchase the equipment for a nominal amount at the end of the lease terms.
The Groups obligations under finance leases are secured by the lessors title to the leased assets.
Interest rates underlying all obligations under finance leases are fixed at respective contract dates ranging from 3.5% to
5.5% (2011: 3.75% to 6%) per annum.
38.2 Finance lease liabilities
IAS 17.31(b) Present value of minimum
Minimum lease payments lease payments
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Not later than one year 10 58 9 54
Later than one year and not later than five years 6 44 5 35
Later than five years
16 102 14 89
Less: future finance charges (2) (13)
Present value of minimum lease payments 14 89 14 89
31/12/12 31/12/11
Included in the consolidated financial statements as:
current borrowings (note 32) 9 54
non-current borrowings (note 32) 5 35
14 89
39. Retirement benefit plans
39.1 Defined contribution plans
The Group operates defined contribution retirement benefit plans for all qualifying employees of its subsidiary in C Land.
The assets of the plans are held separately from those of the Group in funds under the control of trustees. Where
employees leave the plans prior to full vesting of the contributions, the contributions payable by the Group are reduced by
the amount of forfeited contributions.
The employees of the Groups subsidiary in B Land are members of a state-managed retirement benefit plan operated by
the government of B Land. The subsidiary is required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs to the retirement
benefit scheme to fund the benefits. The only obligation of the Group with respect to the retirement benefit plan is to
make the specified contributions.
IAS 19.46 The total expense recognised in profit or loss of CU160,000 (2011: CU148,000) represents contributions payable to these
plans by the Group at rates specified in the rules of the plans. As at 31 December 2012, contributions of CU8,000
(2011: CU8,000) due in respect of the 2012 (2011) reporting period had not been paid over to the plans. The amounts
were paid subsequent to the end of the reporting period.
39.2 Defined benefit plans
IAS 19.120A(b) The Group operates funded defined benefit plans for qualifying employees of its subsidiaries in A Land. Under the plans,
the employees are entitled to retirement benefits varying between 40% and 45% of final salary on attainment of a
retirement age of 65. No other post-retirement benefits are provided to these employees.
The most recent actuarial valuations of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation were carried out
at 31 December 2012 by Mr. F.G. Ho, Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of A Land. The present value of the defined
benefit obligation, and the related current service cost and past service cost, were measured using the Projected Unit Credit
Method.
IAS 19.120A(n) The principal assumptions used for the purposes of the actuarial valuations were as follows.
Valuation at
31/12/12 31/12/11
% %
Discount rate(s) 5.52 5.20
Expected return on plan assets 12.08 10.97
Expected rate(s) of salary increase 5.00 5.00
Expected return on reimbursement rights
Others [describe]
IAS 19.120A(g) Amounts recognised in profit or loss in respect of these defined benefit plans are as follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Current service cost 1,259 738
Interest on obligation 164 137
Expected return on plan assets (523) (440)
Expected return on reimbursement rights
Actuarial (gains)/losses recognised in the year (16) (38)
Past service cost 12 31
Losses/(gains) arising from curtailments or settlements
Adjustments for restrictions on the defined benefit asset
896 428
102
IAS 19.120A(g) [The expense for the year is included in the employee benefits expense in profit or loss. / Of the expense for the year,
CU412,000 (2011: CU402,000) has been included in profit or loss as cost of sales and the remainder in administration
expenses.]
IAS 19.120A(f) The amount included in the consolidated statement of financial position arising from the entitys obligation in respect of its
defined benefit plans is as follows.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 19.120A(d) Present value of funded defined benefit obligation 6,156 5,808
Fair value of plan assets (4,202) (4,326)
1,954 1,482
IAS 19.120A(d) Present value of unfunded defined benefit obligation
Deficit 1,954 1,482
Net actuarial gains (losses) not recognised 1,095 741
Past service cost not yet recognised (188) (200)
Restrictions on asset recognised
Fair value of reimbursement rights recognised as an asset
Others [describe]
Net liability arising from defined benefit obligation 2,861 2,023
IAS 19.120A(c) Movements in the present value of the defined benefit obligation in the current year were as follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Opening defined benefit obligation 5,808 6,204
Current service cost 1,259 738
Interest cost 164 137
Contributions from plan participants
Actuarial (gains)/losses (150) 135
Past service cost
Losses/(gains) on curtailments
Liabilities extinguished on settlements
Liabilities assumed in a business combination
Exchange differences on foreign plans 31 75
Benefits paid (956) (1,481)
Others [describe]
Closing defined benefit obligation 6,156 5,808
IAS 19.120A(e) Movements in the present value of the plan assets in the current year were as follows.
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Opening fair value of plan assets 4,326 4,010
Expected return on plan assets 523 440
Actuarial gains/(losses) 220 (91)
Exchange differences on foreign plans 89 1,448
Contributions from the employer
Contributions from plan participants
Benefits paid (956) (1,481)
Assets acquired in a business combination
Assets distributed on settlements
Others [describe]
Closing fair value of plan assets 4,202 4,326
IAS 19.120A(j),(l) The major categories of plan assets, and the expected rate of return at the end of the reporting period for each category,
are as follows.
Fair value of
Expected return plan assets
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
% % CU000 CU000
Equity instruments 15.01 12.03 1,026 986
Debt instruments 10.49 8.96 1,980 1,850
Property 12.21 12.76 1,196 1,490
Others [describe]
Weighted average expected return 12.08 10.97 4,202 4,326
IAS 19.120A(l) The overall expected rate of return is a weighted average of the expected returns of the various categories of plan assets
held. The directors assessment of the expected returns is based on historical return trends and analysts predictions of the
market for the asset over the life of the related obligation.
IAS 19.120A(m) The actual return on plan assets was CU0.72 million (2011: CU0.354 million).
IAS 19.120A(k) The plan assets include ordinary shares of International GAAP Holdings Limited with a fair value of CU0.38 million
(31 December 2011: CU0.252 million) and property occupied by a subsidiary of International GAAP Holdings Limited with
a fair value of CU0.62 million (31 December 2011: CU0.62 million).
IAS 19.120A(p) The history of experience adjustments is as follows.
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/10 31/12/09 31/12/08
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Present value of defined benefit obligation 6,156 5,808 6,204 5,321 4,113
Fair value of plan assets (4,202) (4,326) (4,010) (4,418) (3,298)
Deficit 1,954 1,482 2,194 903 815
Experience adjustments on plan liabilities 230 135 210 198 193
Experience adjustments on plan assets 220 (91) 156 163 148
IAS 19.120A(q) The Group expects to make a contribution of CU0.95 million (2011: CU0.91 million) to the defined benefit plans during the
next financial year.
104
40. Financial instruments
Note: The following are examples of the types of disclosures that might be required in this area. The matters disclosed
will be dictated by the circumstances of the individual entity, by the significance of judgements and estimates
made to the results and financial position, and the information provided to key management personnel.
IAS 1.134,135 40.1 Capital management
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns while
maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Groups overall strategy
remains unchanged from 2011.
The capital structure of the Group consists of net debt (borrowings as detailed in notes 32, 33 and 34 offset by cash and bank
balances) and equity of the Group (comprising issued capital, reserves, retained earnings and non-controlling interests as
detailed in notes 28 to 31).
The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
The Groups risk management committee reviews the capital structure of the Group on a semi-annual basis. As part of this
review, the committee considers the cost of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital. The Group has a target
gearing ratio of 20% 25% determined as the proportion of net debt to equity. The gearing ratio at 31 December 2012 of
18.38% (see below) was at the lower end of the target range, and has returned to a more typical level of 23% after the end
of the reporting period.
40.1.1 Gearing ratio
The gearing ratio at end of the reporting period was as follows.
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
(restated)
Debt (i) 55,189 55,407
Cash and bank balances (including cash and bank balances in a
disposal group held for sale) (23,621) (19,778)
Net debt 31,568 35,629
Equity (ii) 171,896 167,052
Net debt to equity ratio 18.36% 21.33%
(i) Debt is defined as long- and short-term borrowings (excluding derivatives and financial guarantee contracts), as
described in notes 32, 33 and 34.
(ii) Equity includes all capital and reserves of the Group that are managed as capital.
40.2 Categories of financial instruments
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Financial assets
Cash and bank balances (including cash and bank balances
in a disposal group held for sale) 23,621 19,778
Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
IFRS 7.8(a) Held for trading 1,539 1,639
IFRS 7.8(a) Designated as at FVTPL
Derivative instruments in designated hedge accounting relationships 528 397
IFRS 7.8(b) Held-to-maturity investments 5,905 4,015
IFRS 7.8(c) Loans and receivables (including trade receivables balance
in a disposal group held for sale) 23,606 17,746
IFRS 7.8(d) Available-for-sale financial assets 7,919 7,465
Financial liabilities
Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
IFRS 7.8(e) Held for trading 51
IFRS 7.8(e) Designated as at FVTPL 14,875
Derivative instruments in designated hedge accounting relationships 92
IFRS 7.8(f) Amortised cost 56,687 76,627
Financial guarantee contracts 24 18
Contingent consideration for a business combination 75
40.2.1 Loans and receivables designated as at FVTPL
Carrying amount of loans and receivables
designated as at FVTPL
IFRS 7.9(c) Cumulative changes in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk
IFRS 7.9(c) Changes in fair value attributable to
changes in credit risk recognised during the year
IFRS 7.9(a) At the end of the reporting period, there are no significant concentrations of credit risk for loans and receivables
designated at FVTPL. The carrying amount reflected above represents the Groups maximum exposure to credit risk for
such loans and receivables.
IFRS 7.9(b), (d) 40.2.2 Credit derivatives over loans and receivables designated as at FVTPL
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Opening fair value
Additions during the year
Realised during the year
Change in fair value
Closing fair value
106
40.2.3 Financial liabilities designated as at FVTPL
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.10(a) Changes in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk recognised during the year (i) (20)
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.10(a) Cumulative changes in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk (i) (20)
IFRS 7.10(b) Difference between carrying amount and contractual amount at maturity:
cumulative preference shares at fair value (note 34) 14,875
amount payable at maturity (15,000)
(125)
IFRS 7.11 (i) The change in fair value attributable to change in credit risk is calculated as the difference between total change in fair
value of cumulative preference shares (CU125,000) and the change in fair value of cumulative redeemable preference
shares due to change in market risk factors alone (CU105,000). The change in fair value due to market risk factors was
calculated using benchmark interest yield curves as at the end of the reporting period holding credit risk margin
constant. The fair value of cumulative redeemable preference shares was estimated by discounting future cash flows
using quoted benchmark interest yield curves as at the end of the reporting period and by obtaining lender quotes for
borrowings of similar maturity to estimate credit risk margin.
IFRS 7.31 40.3 Financial risk management objectives
The Groups Corporate Treasury function provides services to the business, co-ordinates access to domestic and
international financial markets, monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Group through
internal risk reports which analyse exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (including
currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.
The Group seeks to minimise the effects of these risks by using derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures.
The use of financial derivatives is governed by the Groups policies approved by the board of directors, which provide
written principles on foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, the use of financial derivatives and non-derivative
financial instruments, and the investment of excess liquidity. Compliance with policies and exposure limits is reviewed by
the internal auditors on a continuous basis. The Group does not enter into or trade financial instruments, including
derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes.
The Corporate Treasury function reports quarterly to the Groups risk management committee, an independent body that
monitors risks and policies implemented to mitigate risk exposures.
40.4 Market risk
IFRS 7.33 The Groups activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates (see note 40.6
below) and interest rates (see note 40.7 below). The Group enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to
manage its exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk, including:
forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the exchange rate risk arising on the export of electronic equipment to
B Land and C Land;
interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of rising interest rates; and
forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the exchange rate risk arising on translation of the Groups investment in
a foreign operation, Subfour Limited, which has B Currency as its functional currency.
Market risk exposures are measured using value-at-risk (VaR) supplemented by sensitivity analysis.
IFRS 7.33(c) There has been no change to the Groups exposure to market risks or the manner in which these risks are managed and
measured.
IFRS 7.41 40.5 Value at Risk (VaR) analysis
The VaR measure estimates the potential loss in pre-taxation profit over a given holding period for a specified confidence
level. The VaR methodology is a statistically defined, probability-based approach that takes into account market volatilities
as well as risk diversification by recognising offsetting positions and correlations between products and markets. Risks can
be measured consistently across all markets and products, and risk measures can be aggregated to arrive at a single risk
number. The one-day 99% VaR number used by the Group reflects the 99% probability that the daily loss will not exceed
the reported VaR.
VaR methodologies employed to calculate daily risk numbers include the historical and variance-covariance approaches. In
addition to these two methodologies, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to the various portfolios on a monthly basis to
determine potential future exposure.
Historical VaR
(99%, one-day) Average Minimum Maximum Year ended
by risk type 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 31/12/12 31/12/11
Foreign exchange 980 1,340 546 943 1,200 1,600 980 1,350
Interest rate 115 60 85 45 150 95 105 55
Diversification (45) (40) (55) (50)
Total VaR exposure 1,050 1,360 1,030 1,355
While VaR captures the Groups daily exposure to currency and interest rate risk, sensitivity analysis evaluates the impact of
a reasonably possible change in interest or foreign currency rates over a year. The longer time frame of sensitivity analysis
complements VaR and helps the Group to assess its market risk exposures. Details of sensitivity analysis for foreign currency
risk are set out in note 40.6 below and for interest rate risk in note 40.7 below.
40.6 Foreign currency risk management
IFRS 7.33, 34 The Group undertakes transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate
fluctuations arise. Exchange rate exposures are managed within approved policy parameters utilising forward foreign
exchange contracts.
The carrying amounts of the Groups foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the end of
the reporting period are as follows.
Liabilities Assets
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Currency of B Land 6,297 7,469 1,574 1,671
Currency of C Land 186 135
Others
108
40.6.1 Foreign currency sensitivity analysis
The Group is mainly exposed to the currency of B Land and the currency of C Land.
IFRS 7. 34(a), 40(b) The following table details the Groups sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in the CU against the relevant foreign
currencies. 10% is the sensitivity rate used when reporting foreign currency risk internally to key management personnel
and represents managements assessment of the reasonably possible change in foreign exchange rates. The sensitivity
analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items and adjusts their translation at the period
end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates. The sensitivity analysis includes external loans as well as loans to foreign
operations within the Group where the denomination of the loan is in a currency other than the functional currency of the
lender or the borrower. A positive number below indicates an increase in profit or equity where the CU strengthens 10%
against the relevant currency. For a 10% weakening of the CU against the relevant currency, there would be a comparable
impact on the profit or equity, and the balances below would be negative.
Currency B impact Currency C impact
2012 2011 2012 2011
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
IFRS 7.40(a) Profit or loss 472 579 (i) 19 14 (iii)
IFRS 7.40(a) Equity 96 122 (ii) 17 19 (iv)
(i) This is mainly attributable to the exposure outstanding on Currency B receivables and payables in the Group at the end
of the reporting period.
(ii) This is as a result of the changes in fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments in cash flow
hedges and net investment hedges.
(iii) This is mainly attributable to the exposure to outstanding Currency C payables at the end of the reporting period.
(iv) This is mainly as a result of the changes in fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments in
cash flow hedges.
IFRS 7.33(c) The Groups sensitivity to foreign currency has decreased during the current year mainly due to the disposal of Currency B
investments and the reduction in Currency B sales and purchases in the last quarter of the financial year which has resulted
in lower Currency B denominated trade receivables and trade payables.
IFRS 7.42 In managements opinion, the sensitivity analysis is unrepresentative of the inherent foreign exchange risk because the
exposure at the end of the reporting period does not reflect the exposure during the year. Currency B denominated sales
are seasonal, with lower sales volumes in the last quarter of the financial year, resulting in a reduction in Currency B
receivables at the end of the reporting period.
In addition, the change in equity due to a 10% change in the CU against all exchange rates for the translation of new
investment hedging instruments would be a decrease of CU13,000 (2011: CU9,000). However, there would be no net
effect on equity because there would be an offset in the currency translation of the foreign operation.
40.6.2 Forward foreign exchange contracts
IFRS 7.22, 33, 34 It is the policy of the Group to enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to cover specific foreign currency payments
and receipts within 70% to 80% of the exposure generated. The Group also enters into forward foreign exchange
contracts to manage the risk associated with anticipated sales and purchase transactions out to 6 months within 40% to
50% of the exposure generated. Basis adjustments are made to the carrying amounts of non-financial hedged items when
the anticipated sale or purchase transaction takes place.
In the current year, the Group has designated certain forward contracts as a hedge of its net investment in Subfour
Limited, which has B Currency as its functional currency. The Groups policy has been reviewed and, due to the increased
volatility in B Currency, it was decided to hedge up to 50% of the net assets of the Subfour Limited for forward foreign
currency risk arising on translation of the foreign operation. The Group utilises a rollover hedging strategy, using contracts
with terms of up to 6 months. Upon the maturity of a forward contract, the Group enters into a new contract designated
as a separate hedging relationship.
The following table details the forward foreign currency (FC) contracts outstanding at the end of the reporting period:
Outstanding Average Foreign Notional Fair value
contracts exchange rate currency value assets (liabilities)
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/1211 31/12/12 31/12/11
FC000 FC000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Cash flow hedges
Buy Currency B
Less than 3 months 0.770 0.768 2,493 2,010 3,238 2,617 152 110
3 to 6 months 0.768 0.750 1,974 1,958 2,570 2,611 92 34
Sell Currency B
Less than 3 months 0.780 0.769 982 1,028 1,259 1,337 (70) 26
Buy Currency C
Less than 3 months 86.29 85.53 12,850 20,000 149 234 (5) 50
Net investment hedge
Sell Currency B
3 to 6 months 0.763 1,000 1,297 (12)
157 220
Note: The table above provides an example of summary quantitative data about exposure to foreign exchange risks
at the end of the reporting period that an entity may provide internally to key management personnel.
The Group has entered into contracts to supply electronic equipment to customers in B Land. The Group has entered into
forward foreign exchange contracts (for terms not exceeding 3 months) to hedge the exchange rate risk arising from these
anticipated future transactions, which are designated as cash flow hedges.
IFRS 7.23(a) At 31 December 2012, the aggregate amount of losses under forward foreign exchange contracts recognised in other
comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedging reserve relating to the exposure on these anticipated
future transactions is CU70,000 (2011: gains of CU26,000). It is anticipated that the sales will take place during the first
3 months of the next financial year, at which time the amount deferred in equity will be reclassified to profit or loss.
The Group has entered into contracts to purchase raw materials from suppliers in B Land and C Land. The Group has
entered into forward foreign exchange contracts (for terms not exceeding 6 months) to hedge the exchange rate risk
arising from these anticipated future purchases, which are designated into cash flow hedges.
IFRS 7.23(a) At 31 December 2012, the aggregate amount of gains under forward foreign exchange contracts recognised in other
comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedging reserve relating to these anticipated future purchase
transactions is CU239,000 (2011: unrealised gains of CU194,000). It is anticipated that the purchases will take place during
the first 6 months of the next financial year at which time the amount deferred in equity will be included in the carrying
amount of the raw materials. It is anticipated that the raw materials will be converted into inventory and sold within
12 months after purchase, at which time the amount deferred in equity will be reclassified to profit or loss.
IFRS 7.23(b) At the start of the third quarter of 2012, the Group reduced its forecasts on sales of electronic equipment to B Land due to
increased local competition and higher shipping costs. The Group had previously hedged CU1.079 million of future sales of
which CU97,000 are no longer expected to occur, and CU982,000 remain highly probable. Accordingly, the Group has
reclassified CU3,000 of gains on foreign currency forward contracts relating to forecast transactions that are no longer
expected to occur from the cash flow hedging reserve to profit or loss.
IFRS 7.24(c) At 31 December 2012, no ineffectiveness has been recognised in profit or loss arising from hedging the net investment in
Subfour Limited.
110
IFRS 7.33, 34 40.7 Interest rate risk management
The Group is exposed to interest rate risk because entities in the Group borrow funds at both fixed and floating interest
rates. The risk is managed by the Group by maintaining an appropriate mix between fixed and floating rate borrowings,
and by the use of interest rate swap contracts and forward interest rate contracts. Hedging activities are evaluated regularly
to align with interest rate views and defined risk appetite, ensuring the most cost-effective hedging strategies are applied.
The Groups exposures to interest rates on financial assets and financial liabilities are detailed in the liquidity risk
management section of this note.
40.7.1 Interest rate sensitivity analysis
IFRS 7.40(b) The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivatives and non-
derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period. For floating rate liabilities, the analysis is prepared assuming the
amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting period was outstanding for the whole year. A 50 basis point
increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents
managements assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.
IFRS 7.40(a) If interest rates had been 50 basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Groups:
profit for the year ended 31 December 2012 would decrease/increase by CU43,000 (2011: decrease/increase by
CU93,000). This is mainly attributable to the Groups exposure to interest rates on its variable rate borrowings; and
other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2012 would decrease/increase by CU19,000 (2011:
decrease/increase by CU12,000), mainly as a result of the changes in the fair value of available-for-sale fixed rate
instruments.
IFRS 7.33(c) The Groups sensitivity to interest rates has decreased during the current year mainly due to the reduction in variable rate
debt instruments and the increase in interest rate swaps to swap floating rate debt to fixed.
40.7.2 Interest rate swap contracts
IFRS 7.22, 33, 34 Under interest rate swap contracts, the Group agrees to exchange the difference between fixed and floating rate interest
amounts calculated on agreed notional principal amounts. Such contracts enable the Group to mitigate the risk of
changing interest rates on the fair value of issued fixed rate debt and the cash flow exposures on the issued variable rate
debt. The fair value of interest rate swaps at the end of the reporting period is determined by discounting the future cash
flows using the curves at the end of the reporting period and the credit risk inherent in the contract, and is disclosed
below. The average interest rate is based on the outstanding balances at the end of the reporting period.
IFRS 7.34(a) The following tables detail the notional principal amounts and remaining terms of interest rate swap contracts outstanding
at the end of the reporting period.
Cash flow hedges
Outstanding receive floating pay Average contracted Notional Fair value
fixed contracts fixed interest rate principal value assets (liabilities)
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
% % CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Less than 1 year 7.45 6.75 1,000 4,000 72 37
1 to 2 years 7.15 7.05 2,000 1,620 55 47
2 to 5 years 6.75 6.50 3,000 1,359 130 93
5 years + 7.05 1,000 27
7,000 6,979 284 177
Note: The table above provides an example of summary quantitative data about exposure to interest rate risks at the
end of the reporting period that an entity may provide internally to key management personnel.
The interest rate swaps settle on a quarterly basis. The floating rate on the interest rate swaps is the local interbank rate of
A Land. The Group will settle the difference between the fixed and floating interest rate on a net basis.
IFRS 7.22, 23(a) All interest rate swap contracts exchanging floating rate interest amounts for fixed rate interest amounts are designated as
cash flow hedges in order to reduce the Groups cash flow exposure resulting from variable interest rates on borrowings.
The interest rate swaps and the interest payments on the loan occur simultaneously and the amount accumulated in equity
is reclassified to profit or loss over the period that the floating rate interest payments on debt affect profit or loss.
IFRS 7.34(a) Fair value hedges
Outstanding receive fixed pay Average contracted Notional Fair value
floating contracts fixed interest rate principal value assets (liabilities)
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
% % CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Less than 1 year 8.15 3,701 (5)
[describe]
3,701 (5)
Held for trading interest rate swaps 1 to 2 years 7.5 15,000 (51)
[describe]
15,000 (51)
Note: The table above provides an example of summary quantitative data about exposure to interest rate risks at the
end of the reporting period that an entity may provide internally to key management personnel.
IFRS 7.24(a) Interest rate swap contracts exchanging fixed rate interest for floating rate interest are designated and effective as fair
value hedges in respect of interest rates. During the year, the hedge was 100% effective in hedging the fair value exposure
to interest rate movements and as a result the carrying amount of the loan was adjusted by CU5,000 which was included
in profit or loss at the same time that the fair value of the interest rate swap was included in profit or loss.
40.8 Other price risks
The Group is exposed to equity price risks arising from equity investments. Equity investments are held for strategic rather
than trading purposes. The Group does not actively trade these investments.
40.8.1 Equity price sensitivity analysis
IFRS 7.40(b) The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on the exposure to equity price risks at the end of the reporting
period.
IFRS 7.40(a) If equity prices had been 5% higher/lower:
profit for the year ended 31 December 2012 would have been unaffected as the equity investments are classified as
available-for-sale and no investments were disposed of or impaired; and
other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2012 would increase/decrease by CU286,000 (2011:
increase/decrease by CU265,000) as a result of the changes in fair value of available-for-sale shares.
IFRS 7.40(c) The Groups sensitivity to equity prices has not changed significantly from the prior year.
112
IFRS 7.33, 34,B8 40.9 Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the
Group. The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral,
where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Group only transacts with entities
that are rated the equivalent of investment grade and above. This information is supplied by independent rating agencies
where available and, if not available, the Group uses other publicly available financial information and its own trading
records to rate its major customers. The Groups exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously
monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure
is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the risk management committee annually.
Trade receivables consist of a large number of customers, spread across diverse industries and geographical areas. Ongoing
credit evaluation is performed on the financial condition of accounts receivable and, where appropriate, credit guarantee
insurance cover is purchased.
Apart from Company A, the largest customer of the Group (see below and refer to notes 6.7 and 25.1), the Group does not
have significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any group of counterparties having similar characteristics.
The Group defines counterparties as having similar characteristics if they are related entities. Concentration of credit risk
related to Company A did not exceed 20% of gross monetary assets at any time during the year. Concentration of credit risk
to any other counterparty did not exceed 5% of gross monetary assets at any time during the year.
The credit risk on liquid funds and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high
credit-ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies.
IFRS 7.B10(c) In addition, the Group is exposed to credit risk in relation to financial guarantees given to banks provided by the Group.
The Groups maximum exposure in this respect is the maximum amount the Group could have to pay if the guarantee
is called on (see note 40.10.1). As at 31 December 2012, an amount of CU24,000 (31 December 2011: CU18,000) has
been recognised in the consolidated financial position as financial liabilities (see note 34).
40.9.1 Collateral held as security and other credit enhancements
IFRS 7.36(b) The Group does not hold any collateral or other credit enhancements to cover its credit risks associated with its financial
assets, except that the credit risk associated with the finance lease receivables is mitigated because the finance lease
receivables are secured over the leased storage equipment. The carrying amount of the finance lease receivables amounts
to CU1.028 million (31 December 2011: CU0.905 million) and the fair value of the leased assets is estimated to be
approximately CU1.00 million (31 December 2011: CU0.9 million). The Group is not permitted to sell or repledge the
collateral in the absence of default by the lessee.
40.10 Liquidity risk management
IFRS 7.33, 39(c) Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the board of directors, which has established an appropriate
liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Groups short-, medium- and long-term funding and
liquidity management requirements. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities
and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity
profiles of financial assets and liabilities. Note 40.10.2 below sets out details of additional undrawn facilities that the Group
has at its disposal to further reduce liquidity risk.
40.10.1 Liquidity and interest risk tables
IFRS 7.34, 35, The following tables detail the Groups remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed
39(a) repayment periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on
the earliest date on which the Group can be required to pay. The tables include both interest and principal cash flows. To
the extent that interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amount is derived from interest rate curves at the end of
the reporting period. The contractual maturity is based on the earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay.
Note: The tables below include the weighted average effective interest rate and a reconciliation to the carrying
amount in the consolidated statement of financial position as an example of summary quantitative data about
exposure to interest rates at the end of the reporting period that an entity may provide internally to key
management personnel.
Weighted
average
effective 3 months
interest Less than 1-3 to 1-5 5+
rate 1 month months 1 year years years Total
% CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
31 December 2012
Non-interest bearing 3,247 10,126 3,000 16,373
Finance lease liability 4.50 1 2 7 6 16
Variable interest rate
instruments 8.18 893 339 3,136 6,890 11,258
Fixed interest rate
instruments 7.56 1,735 4,825 10,155 29,872 2,898 49,485
Financial guarantee
contracts 2,000 2,000
7,876 15,292 13,298 39,768 2,898 79,132
31 December 2011
Non-interest bearing 5,038 16,182 21,220
Finance lease liability 5.50 5 10 43 44 102
instruments 8.08 7,701 1,409 7,045 24,921 41,076
Fixed interest rate
instruments 8.03 1,554 3,129 5,726 15,756 26,165
Financial guarantee
contracts 1,600 1,600
15,898 20,730 12,814 40,721 90,163
IFRS7.B10(c) The amounts included above for financial guarantee contracts are the maximum amounts the Group could be forced to
settle under the arrangement for the full guaranteed amount if that amount is claimed by the counterparty to the
guarantee. Based on expectations at the end of the reporting period, the Group considers that it is more likely than not
that such an amount will not be payable under the arrangement. However, this estimate is subject to change depending
on the probability of the counterparty claiming under the guarantee which is a function of the likelihood that the financial
receivables held by the counterparty which are guaranteed suffer credit losses.
114
IFRS 7.34, 35 The following table details the Groups expected maturity for its non-derivative financial assets. The table has been drawn
up based on the undiscounted contractual maturities of the financial assets including interest that will be earned on those
assets. The inclusion of information on non-derivative financial assets is necessary in order to understand the Groups
liquidity risk management as the liquidity is managed on a net asset and liability basis.
Weighted
average
effective 3 months
interest Less than 1-3 to 1-5 5+
rate 1 month months 1 year years years Total
% CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
31 December 2012
instruments 5.75 26,979 4,367 3,944 1,346 36,636
Fixed interest rate
instruments 7.38 3,091 3,091
38,195 12,400 3,944 4,437 58,976
31 December 2011
instruments 4.83 21,418 3,125 5,204 353 30,100
Fixed interest rate
instruments 7.00 2,600 2,600
29,911 9,290 5,204 2,953 47,358
IFRS 7.B10A(b) The amounts included above for variable interest rate instruments for both non-derivative financial assets and liabilities is
subject to change if changes in variable interest rates differ to those estimates of interest rates determined at the end of
the reporting period.
IFRS 7.39(c) The Group has access to financing facilities as described in note 40.10.2 below, of which CU9.268 million were unused at
the end of the reporting period (2011: CU12.617million). The Group expects to meet its other obligations from operating
cash flows and proceeds of maturing financial assets.
IFRS 7.39(b) The following table details the Groups liquidity analysis for its derivative financial instruments. The table has been drawn
up based on the undiscounted contractual net cash inflows and outflows on derivative instruments that settle on a net
basis, and the undiscounted gross inflows and outflows on those derivatives that require gross settlement. When the
amount payable or receivable is not fixed, the amount disclosed has been determined by reference to the projected interest
rates as illustrated by the yield curves at the end of the reporting period.
Less than 1-3 3 months
1 month months to 1 year 1-5 years 5+ years
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
31 December 2012
Net settled:
interest rate swaps 11 50 205 302 121
foreign exchange forward contracts (5) (21) 13
Gross settled:
foreign exchange forward contracts 12 35
currency swaps
18 64 218 302 121
31 December 2011
Net settled:
interest rate swaps 7 18 22 160 82
foreign exchange forward contracts 10 15 9
Gross settled:
foreign exchange forward contracts 65 132 21
currency swaps
82 165 52 160 82
40.10.2 Financing facilities
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 7.50(a) Unsecured bank overdraft facility, reviewed annually and payable at call:
amount used 520 314
amount unused 1,540 2,686
2,060 3,000
Unsecured bill acceptance facility, reviewed annually:
amount used 358 916
1,500 2,100
Secured bank overdraft facility:
amount used 18 64
amount unused 982 936
1,000 1,000
Secured bank loan facilities with various maturity dates through to 2012
and which may be extended by mutual agreement:
amount used 14,982 17,404
20,586 25,215
116
40.11 Fair value of financial instruments
40.11.1 Fair value of financial instruments carried at amortised cost
IFRS 7.25, 29(a) Except as detailed in the following table, the directors consider that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial
liabilities recognised in the consolidated financial statements approximate their fair values.
31/12/12 31/12/11
Carrying Carrying
amount Fair value amount Fair value
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Financial assets
Loans and receivables: 22,886 22,919 17,746 17,627
loans to related parties 3,637 3,808 3,088 3,032
trade and other receivables 19,249 19,111 14,658 14,595
Held-to-maturity investments: 5,905 5,922 4,015 4,016
bills of exchange 5,405 5,420 4,015 4,016
debentures 500 502
Financial lease receivables 1,028 1,102 905 898
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities held at amortised cost: 56,673 56,731 76,538 76,213
bills of exchange 358 350 916 920
convertible notes 4,144 4,120
perpetual notes 1,905 2,500
bank loans 16,443 16,460 17,782 17,800
loans from related parties 10,376 10,388 29,843 29,900
loans from other entities 4,276 3,980 4,167 4,050
interest-free loan from the government 2,798 2,711 2,610 2,546
trade and other payables 16,373 16,222 21,220 20,997
Financial lease payables 14 12 89 87
40.11.2 Valuation techniques and assumptions applied for the purposes of measuring fair value
IFRS 7.27 The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities are determined as follows:
the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities with standard terms and conditions and traded on active liquid
markets are determined with reference to quoted market prices (includes listed redeemable notes, bills of exchange,
debentures and perpetual notes);
the fair values of derivative instruments are calculated using quoted prices. Where such prices are not available, a
discounted cash flow analysis is performed using the applicable yield curve for the duration of the instruments for
non-optional derivatives, and option pricing models for optional derivatives. Foreign currency forward contracts are
measured using quoted forward exchange rates and yield curves derived from quoted interest rates matching
maturities of the contracts. Interest rate swaps are measured at the present value of future cash flows estimated and
discounted based on the applicable yield curves derived from quoted interest rates; and
the fair values of other financial assets and financial liabilities (excluding those described above) are determined in
accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on discounted cash flow analysis.
IFRS 7.27 Specifically, significant assumptions used in determining the fair value of the following financial assets and liabilities are set
out below.
Finance lease receivables
The fair value of finance lease receivables is estimated to be CU1.102 million (31 December 2011: CU0.898 million) using
an 8.5% (31 December 2011: 8.25%) discount rate based on a quoted five-year swap rate and adding a credit margin that
reflects the secured nature of the receivables.
Redeemable cumulative preference shares
The interest rate used to discount cash flows was 7.43% based on the quoted swap rate for a 17 months loan of 7.15%
and holding credit risk margin constant.
Convertible notes
The fair value of the liability component of convertible notes is determined assuming redemption on 13 September 2015
and using a 7.95% interest rate based on a quoted swap rate of 6.8% for a 32 months loan and holding the credit risk
margin constant.
IFRS 7.27B(e) Unlisted shares
The consolidated financial statements include holdings in unlisted shares which are measured at fair value (see note 22).
Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model, which includes some assumptions that are not supportable by
observable market prices or rates.
In determining the fair value, an earnings growth factor of 5.2% (31 December 2011: 4.9%) and a risk adjusted discount
factor of 12.2% (31 December 2011: 11.9%) are used.
If these inputs to the valuation model were 10% higher/lower while all the other variables were held constant, the carrying
amount of the shares would decrease/increase by CU7,000 (31 December 2011: decrease/increase by CU8,000).
40.11.3 Fair value measurements recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position
IFRS 7.27B(a) The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair
value, grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:
Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities;
Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability
that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
118
31/12/12
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Financial assets at FVTPL
Derivative financial assets 528 528
Non-derivative financial assets held for trading 1,539 1,539
Redeemable notes 2,200 2,200
Unlisted shares 5,719 5,719
Total 2,200 528 7,258 9,986
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Contingent consideration in a business combination (75) (75)
Other derivative financial liabilities (143) (143)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
through profit or loss (14,875) (14,875)
Total (15,018) (75) (15,093)
31/12/11
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Financial assets at FVTPL
Derivative financial assets 397 397
Non-derivative financial assets held for trading 1,639 1,639
Redeemable notes 2,180 2,180
Unlisted shares 5,285 5,285
Total 2,180 397 6,924 9,501
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Other derivative financial liabilities
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
through profit or loss
Total
IFRS 7.27B(b) There were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 in the period.
IFRS 7.27B(c) Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements of financial assets
31 December 2012
Fair value
through profit
or loss Available-for-sale Total
Held for Unlisted Others
trading shares [describe]
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Opening balance 1,639 5,285 6,924
Total gains or losses:
in profit or loss 202 202
in other comprehensive income 74 74
Reclassification of remaining interest in
E Plus Limited from investment in associate
to available-for-sale following partial sale
of interest (see note 20) 360 360
Purchases 108 108
Issues
Disposals/settlements (410) (410)
Transfers out of level 3
Closing balance 1,539 5,719 7,258
31 December 2011
Fair value
through profit
or loss Available-for-sale Total
Held for Unlisted Others
trading shares [describe]
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
Opening balance 1,137 5,234 6,371
Total gains or losses:
in profit or loss 99 99
in other comprehensive income 51 51
Purchases 503 503
Issues
Disposals/settlements (100) (100)
Transfers out of level 3
Closing balance 1,639 5,285 6,924
The table above only includes financial assets. The only financial liabilities subsequently measured at fair value on Level 3
fair value measurement represent contingent consideration relating to the acquisition of Subsix Limited (see note 44.2).
No gain or loss for the year relating to this contingent consideration has been recognised in profit or loss.
IFRS 7.27B(d) The total gains or losses for the year included a gain of CU72,000 relating to assets held at the end of the reporting period
(2011: a gain of CU73,000). Such fair value gains or losses are included in other gain and losses (see note 8).
All gains and losses included in other comprehensive income relate to unlisted shares and redeemable notes held at the
end of the reporting period and are reported as changes of Investment revaluation reserve (see note 29.3).
120
41. Deferred revenue
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Arising from customer loyalty programme (i) 184 147
IAS 20.39(b) Arising from government grant (ii) 140 390
324 537
Current 265 372
Non-current 59 165
324 537
(i) The deferred revenue arises in respect of the Groups Maxi-Points Scheme recognised in accordance with
IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes.
(ii) The deferred revenue arises as a result of the benefit received from an interest-free government loan received in
December 2011 (see note 32). The revenue was offset against training costs incurred in 2012 (CU250,000) and will be
offset against training costs to be incurred in 2013 (CU140,000).
IFRS 2.44 42. Share-based payments
42.1 Employee share option plan of the Company
42.1.1 Details of the employee share option plan of the Company
IFRS 2.45(a) The Company has a share option scheme for executives and senior employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. In
accordance with the terms of the plan, as approved by shareholders at a previous annual general meeting, executives and
senior employees with more than five years service with the Group may be granted options to purchase ordinary shares.
Each employee share option converts into one ordinary share of the Company on exercise. No amounts are paid or payable
by the recipient on receipt of the option. The options carry neither rights to dividends nor voting rights. Options may be
exercised at any time from the date of vesting to the date of their expiry.
The number of options granted is calculated in accordance with the performance-based formula approved by shareholders
at the previous annual general meeting and is subject to approval by the remuneration committee. The formula rewards
executives and senior employees to the extent of the Groups and the individuals achievement judged against both
qualitative and quantitative criteria from the following financial and customer service measures:
improvement in share price reduction in warranty claims
improvement in net profit results of client satisfaction surveys
improvement in return to shareholders reduction in rate of staff turnover
The following share-based payment arrangements were in existence during the current and prior years:
Fair value
Grant Expiry Exercise at grant
Options series Number date date price date
CU CU
(1) Granted on 31 March 2011 140,000 31/03/11 30/03/12 1.00 1.15
(2) Granted on 30 September 2011 150,000 30/09/11 29/09/12 1.00 1.18
(3) Granted on 31 March 2012 160,000 31/03/12 30/03/13 1.00 0.98
All options vested on their date of grant and expire within twelve months of their issue, or one month of the resignation of
the executive or senior employee, whichever is the earlier.
42.1.2 Fair value of share options granted in the year
IFRS 2.46, 47(a) The weighted average fair value of the share options granted during the financial year is CU0.94 (2011: CU1.17). Options
were priced using a binomial option pricing model. Where relevant, the expected life used in the model has been adjusted
based on managements best estimate for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions (including the probability
of meeting market conditions attached to the option), and behavioural considerations. Expected volatility is based on the
historical share price volatility over the past 5 years. To allow for the effects of early exercise, it was assumed that
executives and senior employees would exercise the options after vesting date when the share price was two and a half
times the exercise price.
Inputs into the model Option series
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4
Grant date share price 1.32 1.37 1.29 2.53
Exercise price 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.40
Expected volatility 15.20% 15.40% 13.10% 13.50%
Option life 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year
Dividend yield 13.27% 13.12% 13.00% 13.81%
Risk-free interest rate 5.13% 5.14% 5.50% 5.45%
Others [describe]
122
42.1.3 Movements in shares options during the year
IFRS 2.45(b) The following reconciles the share options outstanding at the beginning and end of the year:
2012 2011
Weighted Weighted
average average
Number of exercise Number of exercise
options price options price
CU CU
Balance at beginning of year 290,000 1.00
Granted during the year 220,000 1.38 290,000 1.00
Forfeited during the year
Exercised during the year (314,000) 1.00
Expired during the year
Balance at end of year 196,000 1.43 290,000 1.00
42.1.4 Share options exercised during the year
IFRS 2.45(c) The following share options were exercised during year:
Share price
Number Exercise at exercise
Options series exercised date date
CU
(1) Granted on 31 March 2011 30,000 05/01/12 2.50
(1) Granted on 31 March 2011 45,000 31/01/12 2.25
(1) Granted on 31 March 2011 65,000 15/03/12 2.75
(2) Granted on 30 September 2011 65,000 03/07/12 2.95
(2) Granted on 30 September 2011 85,000 28/08/12 3.15
(3) Granted on 31 March 2012 24,000 20/12/12 3.50
314,000
42.1.5 Share options outstanding at the end of the year
IFRS 2.45(d) The share options outstanding at the end of the year had a weighted average exercise price of CU1.43 (2011: CU1.00),
and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 103 days (2011: 184 days).
42.2 Employee share option plan of a subsidiary acquired in the current year
IFRS 2.45(a) Subsix Limited has a share option scheme for its executives and senior employees. The outstanding share options were not
replaced and were still in existence at the date of acquisition of Subsix Limited.
Each employee share option of Subsix Limited converts into one ordinary share of Subsix Limited on exercise. No amounts
are paid or payable by the recipient on receipt of the option. The options carry neither rights to dividends nor voting rights.
Options may be exercised at any time from the date of vesting to the date of their expiry. All outstanding share options
granted by Subsix Limited had been vested by the date when the Group acquired Subsix Limited.
The following share-based payment arrangements were in existence during the current year:
Market-
based
measure
at the
acquisition
date of
Grant Expiry Exercise Subsix
Options series Number datet date price Limited
CU CU
(1) Granted on 13 March 2011 2,000 13/03/11 12/03/14 0.2 1.00
All options vested on their date of grant and expire within three years of their issue.
42.2.1 Market-based measure of share options at the acquisition date
IFRS 2.46, 47(a) All outstanding vested share options were measured in accordance with IFRS 2 at their market-based measure at the
acquisition date. The weighted average market-based measure of the share options determined at the acquisition date of
Subsix Limited is CU1.00. Options were priced using a binomial option pricing model. Where relevant, the expected life
used in the model has been adjusted based on managements best estimate for the effects of non-transferability, exercise
restrictions (including the probability of meeting market conditions attached to the option), and behavioural considerations.
Expected volatility is based on the historical share price volatility over the past 5 years. To allow for the effects of early
exercise, it was assumed that executives and senior employees would exercise the options after vesting date when the
share price was three and a half times the exercise price.
Inputs into the model
Option series
Series 1 Series 2
Acquisition date share price 1.12 1.12
Exercise price 0.2 0.2
Expected volatility 8.10% 8.50%
Option life 1.7 years 2.2 years
Dividend yield 3.00% 3.81%
Risk-free interest rate 5.50% 5.45%
Others [describe]
42.2.2 Movements in share options during the year
No more share options were granted and exercised after the Group obtained control over Subsix Limited. The share
options outstanding at the end of the year had an exercise price of CU0.2 and a weighted average remaining contractual
life of 551 days.
124
43. Related party transactions
Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of the Company, have been
eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Details of transactions between the Group and other related
parties are disclosed below.
43.1 Trading transactions
IAS 24.18,19 During the year, group entities entered into the following trading transactions with related parties that are not members of
the Group:
Sales of goods Purchases of goods
Year Year Year Year
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
International Group Holdings Limited 693 582 439 427
Subsidiaries of International Group
Holdings Limited 1,289 981 897 883
Associates of International Group
Holdings Limited 398 291
IAS 24.18,19 The following balances were outstanding at the end of the reporting period:
Amounts owed Amounts owed
by related parties to related parties
31/12/12 31/12/11 31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000 CU000 CU000
International Group Holdings Limited 209 197 231 139
Subsidiaries of International Group
Holdings Limited 398 293 149 78
Associates of International Group
Holdings Limited 29 142
IAS 24.23 Sales of goods to related parties were made at the Groups usual list prices, less average discounts of 5%. Purchases were
made at market price discounted to reflect the quantity of goods purchased and the relationships between the parties.
IAS 24.18 The amounts outstanding are unsecured and will be settled in cash. No guarantees have been given or received. No
expense has been recognised in the current or prior years for bad or doubtful debts in respect of the amounts owed by
related parties.
43.2 Loans to related parties
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Loans to key management personnel 3,637 3,088
The Group has provided several of its key management personnel with short-term loans at rates comparable to the average
commercial rate of interest.
IFRS 7.7, 34(c), The loans to key management personnel are unsecured.
36(b), (c)
IFRS 7.7 43.3 Loans from related parties
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Loans from Mr. John Banks (the ultimate controlling
party of the Company) 10,376 29,843
The Group has been provided loans at rates comparable to the average commercial rate of interest. The loans from the
ultimate controlling party are unsecured.
43.4 Compensation of key management personnel
IAS 24.17 The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the year was as follows:
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Short-term benefits 1,368 1,027
Post-employment benefits 160 139
Other long-term benefits 115 176
Share-based payments 94 86
Termination benefits
1,737 1,428
The remuneration of directors and key executives is determined by the remuneration committee having regard to the
performance of individuals and market trends.
43.5 Other related party transactions
IAS 24.18,19 In addition to the above, International Group Holdings Limited performed certain administrative services for the Company,
for which a management fee of CU0.18 million (2011: CU0.16 million) was charged and paid, being an appropriate
allocation of costs incurred by relevant administrative departments.
126
44. Business combinations
IFRS 3. 44.1 Subsidiaries acquired
B64(a) to (d)
Proportion
of voting
equity
Principal Date of interests Consideration
activity acquisition acquired transferred
(%) CU000
2012
Subsix Limited Manufacture of leisure goods 15/07/12 80 505
Subseven Limited Manufacture of leisure goods 30/11/12 100 687
1,192
Subsix Limited and Subseven Limited were acquired so as to continue the expansion of the Groups activities on leisure
goods.
IFRS 3.B66 Note: The disclosures illustrated are also required for business combinations after the end of the reporting period but
before the financial statements are authorised for issue unless the initial accounting for the acquisition is
incomplete at the time the financial statements are authorised for issue. In such circumstances, the entity is
required to describe which disclosures could not be made and the reasons why they could not be made.
IFRS 3.B64(f) 44.2 Consideration transferred
Subsix Subseven
Limited Limited
CU000 CU000
Cash 430 247
Transfer of land and buildings at fair value at date of acquisition 400
Contingent consideration arrangement (i) 75
Plus: effect of settlement of legal claim against Subseven Limited (ii) 40
IAS 7.40(a) Total 505 687
IFRS 3.B64(g) (i) Under the contingent consideration arrangement, the Group is required to pay the vendors an additional CU300,000 if
Subsix Limiteds profit before interest and tax (PBIT) in each of the years 2013 and 2014 exceeds CU500,000. Subsixs
PBIT for the past three years has been CU350,000 on average and the directors do not consider it probable that this
payment will be required. CU75,000 represents the estimated fair value of this obligation at the acquisition date.
IFRS 3.B64(l) (ii) Prior to the acquisition of Subseven Limited, the Group was pursuing a legal claim against that company in respect of
damage to goods in transit to a customer. Although the Group was confident of recovery, this amount has not
previously been recognised as an asset. In line with the requirements of IFRS 3, the Group has recognised the effective
settlement of this legal claim on the acquisition of Subseven Limited by recognising CU40,000 (being the estimated fair
value of the claim) as a gain in profit or loss within the other gains and losses line item. This has resulted in a
corresponding increase in the consideration transferred.
IFRS 3.B64(m) Acquisition-related costs amounting to CU145,000 (Subsix Limited: CU65,000; Subseven Limited: CU80,000) have been
excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognised as an expense in profit or loss in the current year,
within the other expenses line item.
IFRS 3.B64(i) 44.3 Assets acquired and liabilities recognised at the date of acquisition
IAS 7.40(d)
Subsix Subseven
Limited Limited Total
CU000 CU000 CU000
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 200 200
Trade and other receivables 87 105 192
Inventories 57 57
Non-current assets
Plant and equipment 143 369 512
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables (18) (35) (53)
Contingent liabilities (see note 35) (45) (45)
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities (17) (17)
350 496 846
IFRS 3.B67(a) The initial accounting for the acquisition of Subsix Limited has only been provisionally determined at the end of the
reporting period. For tax purposes, the tax values of Subsixs assets are required to be reset based on market values of the
assets. At the date of finalisation of these consolidated financial statements, the necessary market valuations and other
calculations had not been finalised and they have therefore only been provisionally determined based on the directors best
estimate of the likely tax values.
IFRS 3.B64(h) The receivables acquired (which principally comprised trade receivables) in these transactions with a fair value of CU87,000
(Subsix Limited) and CU105,000 (Subseven Limited) had gross contractual amounts of CU104,000 and CU120,000
respectively. The best estimate at acquisition date of the contractual cash flows not expected to be collected are CU10,000
(Subsix Limited) and CU8,000 (Subseven Limited).
44.4 Non-controlling interests
IFRS 3.B64(o) The non-controlling interest (20% ownership interest in Subsix Limited) recognised at the acquisition date was measured by
reference to the fair value of the non-controlling interest and amounted to CU127,000. This fair value was estimated by
applying an income approach. The following were the key model inputs used in determining the fair value:
assumed discount rate of 18%;
assumed long-term sustainable growth rates of 3% to 5%; and
assumed adjustments because of the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider
when estimating the fair value of the non-controlling interests in Subsix Limited.
All outstanding share options granted by Subsix Limited to its employees had vested by the acquisition date. These share
options were measured in accordance with IFRS 2 at their market-based measure of CU5,000 and were included in the
non-controlling interest in Subsix Limited. Methods and significant assumptions used in determining the market-based
measure at the acquisition date are set out in note 42.2.
128
44.5 Goodwill arising on acquisition
Subsix Subseven
Limited Limited Total
CU000 CU000 CU000
Consideration transferred 505 687 1,192
Plus: non-controlling interests (20% in Subsix Limited) 127 127
Plus: non-controlling interests (outstanding share options
granted by Subsix Limited) 5 5
Less: fair value of identifiable net assets acquired (350) (496) (846)
Goodwill arising on acquisition 287 191 478
IFRS 3.B64(e) Goodwill arose in the acquisition of Subsix Limited and Subseven Limited because the cost of the combination included a
control premium. In addition, the consideration paid for the combination effectively included amounts in relation to the
benefit of expected synergies, revenue growth, future market development and the assembled workforce of Subsix Limited
and Subseven Limited. These benefits are not recognised separately from goodwill because they do not meet the
recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets.
IFRS 3.B64(k) None of the goodwill arising on these acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
44.6 Net cash outflow on acquisition of subsidiaries
Year
ended
31/12/12
CU000
IAS 7.40(b) Consideration paid in cash 677
IAS 7.40(c) Less: cash and cash equivalent balances acquired (200)
477
44.7 Impact of acquisitions on the results of the Group
IFRS 3.B64(q) Included in the profit for the year is CU35,000 attributable to the additional business generated by Subsix Limited, and
CU13,000 attributable to Subseven Limited. Revenue for the year includes CU2.3 million in respect of Subsix Limited and
CU2.8million in respect of Subseven Limited.
IFRS 3.B64(q) Had these business combinations been effected at 1 January 2012, the revenue of the Group from continuing operations
would have been CU145 million, and the profit for the year from continuing operations would have been CU19.7 million.
The directors consider these pro-forma numbers to represent an approximate measure of the performance of the
combined group on an annualised basis and to provide a reference point for comparison in future periods.
In determining the pro-forma revenue and profit of the Group had Subsix Limited and Subseven Limited been acquired at
the beginning of the current year, the directors have:
calculated depreciation of plant and equipment acquired on the basis of the fair values arising in the initial accounting
for the business combination rather than the carrying amounts recognised in the pre-acquisition financial statements;
calculated borrowing costs on the funding levels, credit ratings and debt/equity position of the Group after the
business combination; and
excluded takeover defence costs of the acquiree as a one-off pre-acquisition transaction.
45. Disposal of a subsidiary
On 30 November 2012, the Group disposed of Subzero Limited which carried out its entire toy manufacturing operations.
45.1 Consideration received
Year
ended
31/12/12
CU000
IAS 7.40(b) Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents 7,854
Deferred sales proceeds (see note 25) 960
IAS 7.40(a) Total consideration received 8,814
45.2 Analysis of asset and liabilities over which control was lost
Year
ended
31/12/12
IAS 7.40(d) CU000
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 288
Trade receivables 1,034
Inventories 2,716
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 5,662
Goodwill 3,080
Current liabilities
Payables (973)
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings (4,342)
Deferred tax liabilities (471)
Net assets disposed of 6,994
45.3 Gain on disposal of a subsidiary
Year
ended
31/12/12
CU000
Consideration received 8,814
Net assets disposed of (6,994)
Non-controlling interests
Cumulative gain/loss on available-for-sale financial assets reclassified
from equity on loss of control of subsidiary
Cumulative exchange gain in respect of the net assets of the
subsidiary and related hedging instruments reclassified from equity
to profit or loss on loss of control of subsidiary 120
IAS 27.41(f) Gain on disposal 1,940
IAS 27.41(f) The gain on disposal is included in the profit for the year from discontinued operations (see note 11).
130
45.4 Net cash inflow on disposal of a subsidiary
Year
ended
31/12/12
CU000
Consideration received in cash and cash equivalents 7,854
IAS 7.40(c) Less: cash and cash equivalent balances disposed of (288)
7,566
46. Cash and cash equivalents
IAS 7.45 For the purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and in
banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts. Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period as shown in the
consolidated statement of cash flows can be reconciled to the related items in the consolidated statement of financial
position as follows:
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Cash and bank balances 23,446 19,778
Bank overdrafts (538) (378)
22,908 19,400
Cash and bank balances included in a disposal group
held for sale 175
23,083 19,400
IAS 7.43 47. Non-cash transactions
During the current year, the Group entered into the following non-cash investing and financing activities which are not
reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows:
the Group disposed of property, plant and equipment with an aggregate fair value of CU0.4 million to acquire
Subseven Limited as indicated in note 44;
proceeds in respect of the Groups disposal of part of its interest in E Plus Limited and its entire interest in Subzero
Limited (CU1.245 million and CU960,000 respectively see notes 20 and 45) had not been received in cash at the end
of the reporting period;
share issue proceeds of CU8,000 were received in the form of consulting services, as described in note 28.1; and
the Group acquired CU40,000 of equipment under a finance lease (2011: nil).
48. Operating lease arrangements
48.1 The Group as lessee
48.1.1 Leasing arrangements
IAS 17.35(d) Operating leases relate to leases of land with lease terms of between 5 and 10 years. All operating lease contracts over
IFRS 7.7 5 years contain clauses for 5-yearly market rental reviews. The Group does not have an option to purchase the leased land
at the expiry of the lease periods.
48.1.2 Payments recognised as an expense
Year Year
ended ended
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 17.35(c) Minimum lease payments 2,008 2,092
IAS 17.35(c) Contingent rentals
IAS 17.35(c) Sub-lease payments received
2,008 2,092
IAS 17.35(a) 48.1.3 Non-cancellable operating lease commitments
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Not later than 1 year 1,734 1,908
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years 3,568 4,336
Later than 5 years 4,618 5,526
9,920 11,770
48.1.4 Liabilities recognised in respect of non-cancellable operating leases
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Onerous lease contracts (note 35)
Current 305 408
- Non-current 425 335
Lease incentives (note 36)
Current 90 90
Non-current 180 270
1,000 1,103
48.2 The Group as lessor
48.2.1 Leasing arrangements
IAS 17.56(c) Operating leases relate to the investment property owned by the Group with lease terms of between 5 to 10 years, with an
option to extend for a further 10 years. All operating lease contracts contain market review clauses in the event that the
lessee exercises its option to renew. The lessee does not have an option to purchase the property at the expiry of the lease
period.
Rental income earned by the Group from its investment property and direct operating expenses arising on the investment
property for the year are set out in notes 7 and 13 respectively.
132
IAS 17.56(a) 48.2.2 Non-cancellable operating lease receivables
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Not later than 1 year 18 18
Later than 1 year and not longer than 5 years 54 72
Later than 5 years
72 90
49. Commitments for expenditure
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 16.74(c) Commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment 4,856 6,010
IAS 40.75(h) In addition, the Group has entered into a contract for the management and maintenance of its investment property for the
next 5 years, which will give rise to an annual expense of CU3,500.
IAS 31.55 The Groups share of the capital commitments of its jointly controlled entity, JV Electronics Limited, is as follows:
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
Commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment 983 192
50. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
50.1 Contingent liabilities
IAS 37.86(a) Court proceedings (i)
IAS 31.54(a) Contingent liabilities incurred by the Group arising from interests
in joint ventures (ii) 110 116
IAS 28.40(a) Groups share of associates contingent liabilities (iii) 150 14
IAS 37.86(b) (i) An entity in the Group is a defendant in a legal action involving the alleged failure of the entity to supply goods in
accordance with the terms of contract. The directors believe, based on legal advice, that the action can be successfully
defended and therefore no losses (including for costs) will be incurred. The legal claim is expected to be settled in the
course of the next eighteen months.
(ii) A number of contingent liabilities have arisen as a result of the Groups interests in joint ventures. The amount
disclosed represents the aggregate amount of such contingent liabilities for which the Group as an investor is liable.
The extent to which an outflow of funds will be required is dependent on the future operations of the joint ventures
being more or less favourable than currently expected. The Group is not contingently liable for the liabilities of other
venturers in its joint ventures.
(iii) The amount disclosed represents the Groups share of contingent liabilities of associates. The extent to which an
outflow of funds will be required is dependent on the future operations of the associates being more or less favourable
than currently expected.
50.2 Contingent assets
31/12/12 31/12/11
CU000 CU000
IAS 37.89 Faulty goods claim (iv) 140
(iv) An entity in the Group has a claim outstanding against a supplier for the supply of faulty products. Based on
negotiations to date, the directors believe that it is probable that their claim will be successful and that compensation
of CU0.14 million will be recovered.
51. Events after the reporting period
IAS 10.21 On 18 January 2013, the premises of Subfive Limited were seriously damaged by fire. Insurance claims are in process, but
the cost of refurbishment is currently expected to exceed the amount that will be reimbursed by CU8.3 million.
52. Approval of financial statements
IAS 10.17 The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 15 March 2013.
134
ISA 700 (Revised) Global Version
INDEPENDENT AUDITORs REPORT
(APPROPRIATE ADDRESSEE)
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of International GAAP Holdings Limited and its
subsidiaries, which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2012, the [consolidated
statement of profit or loss and] consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, consolidated
statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and a summary of
significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Managements responsibility for the consolidated financial statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines is
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether
due to fraud or error.
Auditors responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We conducted
our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical
requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial
statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgement, including the assessment of the risks of
material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk
assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entitys preparation and fair presentation of the
consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entitys internal control. An audit also includes evaluating
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
International GAAP Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2012 and their financial performance and cash
flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.
15 March 2013
Note: The audit of the financial statements may be conducted in accordance with International Standards on
Auditing (ISA) and/or applicable local auditing standards, making reference to local laws, auditing standards or
regulations. The format of the report above is as specified by ISA 700 (Revised), The Independent Auditors
Report on a Complete Set of General Purpose Financial Statements.
When local auditing standards or regulations apply, the report format will be affected by those local rules.
Deloitte IFRS resources
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under IFRSs. These include:
www.iasplus.com Updated daily, iasplus.com is your one-stop shop for information related to IFRSs.
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www.iasplus.com.
IFRS Project Insights Provides a summary, by project, of the current status of the project, a high-level
summary of key decisions reached to date, key considerations for entities, and
forthcoming deadlines.
iGAAP 2012 6th edition (November 2011). A comprehensive guide to the requirements of
IFRSs now incorporating detailed guiidance on financial instruments.
IFRSs in your pocket Published in several languages, this pocket-sized guide includes summaries of
all IASB Standards and Interpretations, updates on agenda projects, and other
IASB-related information.
IFRS Compliance, Presentation and Disclosure Checklist Checklist incorporating all of the compliance, presentation and disclosure
requirements of IFRSs.
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2012 Deloitte Global Services Limited
Designed and produced by The Creative Studio at Deloitte, London. 22004A

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