Fravo Cisco 642-801 V3.0

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Building Scalable Cisco
Internetworks (BSCI)
Exam 642-801

Edition 3.0

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642-801
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Note:
Section A contains 117 questions
Section B contains 200 questions.
The total number of questions is 317.
Each section starts with QUESTION NO :1. There are no missing questions

Section A

QUESTION NO: 1 Of the following AS numbers, which are private AS numbers? (Choose
all that apply.)

A. 64511
B. 64128
C. 64080
D. 64524

Answer: D
Explanation: This autonomous system designator is a 16-bit number, with a range of 1 to 65535.
RFC 1930 provides guidelines for the use of AS numbers. A range of AS number, 64512 through
65535, is reserved for private use, much like the private Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Ciscopress) page 312

QUESTION NO: 2 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You want to prevent
routing loops caused by running different routing protocols and redundant paths between
two autonomous systems. Which of the following IOS features can you use to achieve
this? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Two-way redistribution.
B. Static redistribution.
C. Passive interfaces.
D. Route filtering.

Answer: A, D
Explanation: Two way redistribution
If you must allow two-way redistribution, enable a mechanism to reduce the chances of routing
loops. Examples of mechanisms covered in this chapter are default routes, route filters, and
modification of the metrics advertised. With these types of mechanisms, you can reduce the
chances of routes imported from one autonomous system being injected into the same
autonomous system as new route informat ion if more one boundary router is performing two-way
redistribution.

QUESTION NO: 3 Which of the following commands display OSPF parameters, such as
filters, default metric, maximum paths, and number of areas configured on a router?

A. show ip protocol
B. show ip ospf interface
C. show ip route
D. show ip ospf

Answer: A
Explanation:
The show ip protocolscommand, displays parameters about timers, filters, metrics, network,
and other information for the entire router.
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QUESTION NO: 4 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You perform the following
configuration on a 256 kbps HDLC interface:
interface serial 0/0
bandwidth 56
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 200 250
How much bandwidth is allocated for EIGRP traffic?

A. 56 kbps
B. 112 kbps
C. 128 kbps
D. 140 kbps
E. 256 kbps

Answer: D
Explanation: The bandwidth-percent command tells EIGRP what percentage of the configured
bandwidth it may use. The default is 50% but can have values greater than 100. The syntax for
the bandwidth-percent command is: ip bandwidth-percent eigrp <AS_number> <value>
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk207/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094063.shtml

QUESTION NO: 5 By default, Cisco routers perform route summarization for which of the
following routing protocols? (Choose all that apply.)

A. STP
B. IGRP
C. OSPF
D. RIPv.2
E. EIGRP

Answer: B, D, E
Explanation: Sending route summaries Routing information advertised out an interface is
automatically summarized at major (classful) network address boundaries by RIP, IGRP, and
EIGRP. Specifically, this autonomous summarization occurs for those routes whose classful
network address differs from the major network address of the interface to which the
advertisement is being sent.

QUESTION NO: 6 You are the network administrator at Contoso. The following problem is
reported: the 10.12.21.0/24 prefix was not injected into the local BGP table on RouterA.
RouterAs configuration and routing table information is show in the following exhibit:

configuration:
router bgp 321
network 10.0.0.0
neighbor 172.16. 10.1 remote-as 322
no auto-summary

routing table information:
show ip route | include 10.12.21.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.10.1, 2d00h,
Ethernet0/0

Why is it that this particular prefix is not in the local BGP table?

A. This route is not a BGP learned route.
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B. The 172.16.10.1 neighbor is down.
C. Auto-summary is disabled.
D. The prefix 10.12.21.0/24 is not a connected route.

Answer: A
Explanation: The show ip route command will not display the BGP table. You must use the show
ip bgp command to display the entries in the BGP routing table.

QUESTION NO: 7 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You want to display RIP
routing transactions. Which command should you issue in EXEC mode?

A. show ip route
B. show ip rip route
C. show ip rip
D. debug ip rip
E. debug ip route

Answer: D
Explanation: You can use the debug ip rip EXEC command to display information on RIP routing
transactions. The no form of this command disables debugging output.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/products_command_reference_chapte
r09186a008007ff66.html

QUESTION NO: 8 Study the Exhibit below carefully:

Assuming the router-id command is not used, what is the OSPF router ID for Contoso2?

A. 10.5.10.2
B. 10.9.10.1
C. 10.6.10.3
D. 10.12.10.10
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Answer: D
Explanation: The highest ip address on an active interface is normally used as the OSPF router
ID. This can be overridden by configuring an IP address on a loopback address on a loopback
interface.

QUESTION NO: 9 In which of the following OPF networks does Designated Router (DR)
election take place? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Point-to-multipoint
B. Broadcast multi-access
C. Point-to-point
D. Nonbroadcast multi-access

Answer: B, D
Explanation:
Mode Adjency
NBMA Manual Configuration DR/BDR elected
Broadcast Automatic DR/BDR elected

QUESTION NO: 10 Which of the following are the general IPv6 address types? (Choose all
that apply.)

A. Broadcast
B. Multicast
C. Public
D. Private
E. Unicast
F. Anycast

Answer: B, E, F
IPv6 Address Type: Unicast - An IPv6 unicast address is an identifier for a single
interface, on a single node. A packet that is sent to a unicast address is delivered to the
interface identified by that address.
IPv6 Address Type: Anycast - An anycast address is an address that is assigned to a
set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. A packet sent to an anycast
address is delivered to the closest interfaceas defined by the routing protocols in use
identified by the anycast address.
IPv6 Address Type: Multicast - An IPv6 multicast address is an IPv6 address that has a
prefix of FF00::/8 (1111 1111). An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a set of
interfaces that typically belong to different nodes.

Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1839/products_feature_guide_chapter09186
a0080110dd2.html#99899

QUESTION NO: 11 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You want to minimize
the effect of routing table updates on internal routers when a WAN interface changes its
state from up to down on a frequent basis. What strategy should you implement?

A. Use private IP addresses.
B. Use dial-on-demand routing.
C. Use a routing protocol that tolerates route flapping.
D. Use route summarization.
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E. Use a distance vector routing protocol.

Answer: D
Explanation: Another advantage to using route summarization in a large complex network is that
it can isolate topology changes from other routers. That is, if a specific link in the domain were
flapping (going down and up rapidly), the summary route would not change, so no router external
to the domain would need to keep modifying its routing table due to this flapping activity.

QUESTION NO: 12 What happens when a BGP route reflector receives update from a peer
in another autonomous system?

A. It sends the update only to routers in that autonomous system.
B. It sends the update to all routers in the network.
C. It ignores update from nonclients peers.
D. It sends the update to all BGP peers.
E. It discards the update.

Answer: B
Explanation: When a BGP route reflector receives update from a peer in another autonomous
system, it sends the update to all routers in the network.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/products_configuration_guide_chapter
09186a00800ca571.html#5155

QUESTION NO: 13 Study the Exhibit below carefully:

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On the S0 interface of router Contoso1, what is the default OSPF network type?

A. Nonbroadcast
B. Point-to-point
C. Broadcast
D. Point-to-multipoint
E. Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast

Answer: E
Explanation:
There are three different scenarios for NBMA interfaces.
Pure Multipoint Configuration (No Subinterfaces)
Pure Point-to-Point Configuration (each VC on a separat e subinterface)
Hybrid Configuration (point-to-point and multipoint subinterfaces)

Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk207/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094063.shtml#
hybrid

QUESTION NO: 14 Match the OSPF area type in the options by dragging-and-dropping it to
the description in the target area.
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Answer:

Explanation:
Stub Areas: These areas do not accept routes belonging to external autonomous
systems (AS); however, these areas have inter-area and intra-area routes. In order to
reach the outside networks, the routers in the stub area use a default route which is
injected into the area by the Area Border Router (ABR).
Normal Areas: These areas can either be standard areas or transit (backbone) areas.
Standard areas are defined as areas that can accept intra-area, inter-area and external
routes.
backbone area is the central area to which all other areas in OSPF connect.
Totally Stub Areas: These areas do not allow routes other than intra-area and the default
routes to be propagated within the area. The ABR injects a default route into the area and
all the routers belonging to this area use the default route to send any traffic outside the
area.
NSSA: This type of area allows the flexibility of importing a few external routes into the
area while still trying to retain the stub characteristic. Assume that one of the routers in
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the stub area is connected to an external AS running a different routing protocol, it now
becomes the ASBR, and hence the area can no
more be called a stub area. However, if the area is configured as a NSSA, then the
ASBR generates a NSSA external link-state advertisement (LSA) (Type-7) which can be
flooded throughout the NSSA area. These Type-7 LSAs are converted into Type-5 LSAs
at the NSSA ABR and flooded throughout the OSPF domain

Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk480/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a74.shtml

QUESTION NO: 15 What is the IP address which is known as the all OSPF DRs and BDRs
address?

A. 224.0.0.9
B. 224.0.0.6
C. 224.0.0.5
D. 224.0.0.11

Answer: B
Explanation:
224.0.06 is the address of all OSPF DRs and BDRs.

QUESTION NO: 16 Study the exhibit of a BGP configuration below carefully. Which BGP
network statement will inject the 10.10.0.0/16 prefix in the BGP table?

interface ethernet 0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.0.0
!
int serial 0
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
router bgp 65001
neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65002

A. network 10.10.10.1 mask 255.255.255.255
B. network 10.10.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
C. network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
D. network 10.0.0.0
E. network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Answer: B

QUESTION NO: 17 Of the following which are the characteristics of an Autonomous
System (AS) in a BGP network? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Within an AS, routers learned through an interior protocol cannot be redistributed using BGP to
other autonomous systems.
B. An AS is a group of routers under the same technical administration.
C. An AS uses exterior gateway protocols (EGPs) to exchange information with other
autonomous systems.
D. Within an AS, routes learned through BGP can be redistributed using interior gateway
protocols.
E. Within an AS, all routers must run either BGP or IBGP.

Answer: B C D
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Explanation:
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) routing protocol used to connect between autonomous
systems.
The use of the term autonomous system in connection with BGP stresses the fact that
the administration of an autonomous system appears to other autonomous systems to
have a single coherent interior routing plan, and presents a consistent picture of those
networks that are reachable through it.
BGP is used between autonomous systems

QUESTION NO: 18 Where can route summarization be done, when one uses VLSM in an
EIGRP network?

A. Manually on any router interface.
B. Dynamically at the supernet boundary.
C. Only at classful network boundaries.
D. Only at classless network boundaries.

Answer: C
Explanation: Sending route summaries routing information advertised out an interface is
automatically summarized at major (classful) network address boundaries by RIP, IGRP, and
EIGRP.

QUESTION NO: 19 You are a technician at Contoso. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee
wants to know under which circumstances you would use static routing in stead of a
dynamic routing protocol. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. High degree of control in path selection is required.
B. Low maintenance routing is required.
C. Networks with a single entry point.
D. Highly adaptable networks.
E. A medium to large network with redundant paths.

Answer: A, E
Explanation:
Define specific routs to use when two autonomous systems must exchange routing
information, rather than having entire routing tables exchanged.
Define routes to destinations over a WAN link to eliminate the need for a dynamic routing
protocol - that is, when you do not want routing updates to enable or cross the link.

QUESTION NO: 20 You are the network administrator at Contoso. One of the Contoso
trainees wants to know how to perform route redistribution when exchanging routes
between two protocols. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Use static routes when there is only one path.
B. Use one way route distribution when there are multiple paths.
C. Use static routes when there are multiple paths.
D. Use two way route redistribution where there are multiple paths.
E. Use one way route redistribution when there is only one path.
F. Use two way route distribution when there is only one path.

Answer: B C
Explanation:
B. One way redistribution- To avoid routing loops and problems with varying convergence time,
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allow routes to be exchanged in only one direction, not both directions. In the other direction, you
should consider a default route.
C. When you want to prevent routing loops Many companies have large enough networks that
redundant paths are prominent. In some cases, for example, when a path to the same destination
is learned from two different routing protocols, you may want to filter the propagation of one of the
paths.

QUESTION NO: 21 Where in a network does IS-IS use level-1 routing?

A. Between areas.
B. Between domains.
C. Between intermediate systems in the same area.
D. Between end systems and intermediate systems in the same area.

Answer: C
Explanation: A two-level hierarchy is used to support large routing domains. A large domain may
be administratively divided into areas. Each system resides in exactly one area.
1
Routing within
an area is referred to as Level 1 routing.Routing between areas is referred to as Level 2
routing. A Level 2 Intermediate System (IS) keeps track of the paths to destination areas. A Level
1 IS keeps track of the routing within its own area. For a packet destined for another area, a Level
1 IS sends the packet to the nearest Level 2 IS in its own area, regardless of what the destination
area is. Then the packet travels via Level 2 routing to the destination area, where it may travel via
Level 1 routing to the destination. It should be noted that selecting an exit from an area based on
Level 1 routing to the closest Level 2 IS might result in suboptimal routing.
2

Reference:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk381/technologies_white_paper09186a00800
a3e6f.shtml

QUESTION NO: 22 The following is an OSI IS-IS NSAP address:
47.040C.0061.040C.0056.0D12.00
What is the Area ID in this specific address?

A. 46
B. 00
C. 47.040C
D. 47.040C.0061
E. 040C.0056.0D12

Answer: D
Explanation: An NSAP address (figure 7) has two major parts: the initial domain part (IDP) and
the domain specific part (DSP) (Figure 7). The IDP consists of a 1-byte authority and format
identifier (AFI) and a variable-length initial domain identifier (IDI), and the DSP is a string of digits
identifying a particular transport implementation of a specified AFI authority. Everything to the left
of the system ID can be thought of as the area address of a network node.
Figure 7 The NSAP address

Reference:
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http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk381/technologies_white_paper09186a00800a3e6f.shtm
l

QUESTION NO: 23 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You issue the following
configuration commands on a router named Contoso2.
Contoso2(config)#router rip
Contoso2(config-router)#version 2
Contoso2(config-router)#no auto-summary
What would be the effect of these configuration commands?

A. Subnet mask information is not passed in the routing updates.
B. Subnets are advertised across network boundaries.
C. Subnets are summarized at the network boundary.
D. Subnets are made discontiguous.

Answer: B
Explanation: To restore the default behavior of automatic summarization of subnet routes into
network-level routes, use the auto-summary router configuration command. To disable this
feature and transmit subprefix routing information across classful network boundaries, use the no
form of this command.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1826/products_command_summary_chapter
09186a00800d9c56.html

QUESTION NO: 24 What is the function of the network command when you configure
BGP?

A. Routes matching the network command will be filtered from BGP routing updates.
B. Local routes matching the network command can be installed into the BGP routing table.
C. Local routes matching the network command are filtered from the BGP routing table.
D. External routes matching the network command will be installed into the BGP routing table.

Answer: B
Explanation: Use the network router configuration command to permit BGP to advertise a
network if it is present in the IP routing table.

QUESTION NO: 25 Contoso.com is changing Internet service providers. As a result, they
will need to install a local E-mail server. Contoso does not want to change the IP
Addresses on all of its internal routers and servers. The ISP, Acme Inc. will allocate a
registered class C address for Contoso to use. The current internal IP Address scheme
will remain the same. Configure the router to provide network address translation (NAT) so
that all internal PCs will use the single external IP Address assigned to the router
interface. Configure a static translation so that the E-mail server will be accessible from
the Internet. Due to Contoso.com changing Internet Service Providers, they must install a
local E-mail server.

Privileged mode password: Contoso

IP Addresses are shown below:
Name: ContosoNAT
SO 192.168.15.1/24
E0 10.100.5.1/24

E-mail Server's External Address
192.168.15.5/24
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E-mail Server's Internal Address
10.100.5.5/24

To configure the router click on a host icon that is connected to a router by a serial console cable.

Answer:
ContosoNAT#Conf t
ContosoNAT(config)#Access-list 5 permit 10.100. 5.0 0.0.0.255
ContosoNAT(config)#Ip nat pool lan 192.168.15.1 192.168.15.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ContosoNAT(config)#Ip nat inside source list 5 pool lan overload
ContosoNAT(config)#Ip nat inside source static 10.100.5.5 192.168.15.5
ContosoNAT(config-i f)#Int S0
ContosoNAT(config-if)#Ip nat outside
ContosoNAT(config-if)#Int E0
ContosoNAT(config-if)#Ip nat inside
ContosoNAT(config-if)#exit
ContosoNAT(config)#exit
ContosoNAT#copy run start

QUESTION NO: 26 What is the method called that hides the internal IP address details and
particulars from the outside world?

A. Challenge Handshake Protocol
B. Supernetting
C. Subnetting
D. Usernames and passwords

Answer: B
Explanation: In large internetworks, hundreds or even thousands of networks can exist. In these
environments, it is often not Desirable for routers to maintain all these routes in their routing table
Route summarization (also called route aggregation or supernetting) can reduce the number of
routes that a router must maintain because is it a method of representing a series of network
numbers in a single summary address.

QUESTION NO: 27 What type of information can be found in an OSPF type 3 network
summary link LSA?

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A. Summary of link state in an OSPF area.
B. Summary of metric coast from ABR to ASBR.
C. Summary of IP subnets in an OSPF area.
D. Summary of routes in the AS.

Answer: C
Explanation:
Inter-area-prefix LSAs for ABRs (Type 3)Advertises internal networks to routers in other areas
(interarea routes). Type 3 LSAs may represent a single network or a set of networks summarized
into one advertisement. Only ABRs generate summary LSAs. In OSPF for IPv6, addresses for
these LSAs are expressed as prefix, prefix length instead of address, mask. The default route is
expressed as a prefix with length 0.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1839/products_feature_guide_chapter09186
a0080145c56.html

QUESTION NO: 28 You are the network administrator at Contoso. The Contoso network
has different routing policy requirements than what its Internet Service Provider provides.
Which routing protocol will you recommend for the Contoso network?

A. IS-IS
B. EIGRP
C. OSPF
D. BGP4
E. RIPv2

Answer: A
Explanation: In recent years, the IS-IS routing protocol has become increasingly popular, with
widespread usage among Service Providers. It is a link state protocol, which enables very fast
convergence with large scalability. It is also a very flexible protocol and has been extended to
incorporate leading edge features such as MPLS Traffic Engineering.
Reference:
l

QUESTION NO: 29 You are the network administrator at Contoso. The router topology for
the Contoso network is shown in the following exhibit:

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You want to configure CONTOSO1 and CONTOSO2 to correctly exchange routing
information via BGP.Which command sets will you use? (Choose all that apply.)

A. CONTOSO2(config)#router bgp 200
CONTOSO2(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100
B. CONTOSO1(config)#router bgp 100
CONTOSO1(config-router)#exit
CONTOSO1(config)#interface S0
CONTOSO1(config-if)#neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 200
C. CONTOSO1(config)#router bgp 100
D. CONTOSO2(config)#router bgp 100
CONTOSO2(config-router)exit
CONTOSO2(config)#interface S0
CONTOSO2(config-if)#neighbor remote-as 100
E. CONTOSO1(config)#router bgp 100
CONTOSO1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
F. CONTOSO2(config)#router bgp 200
CONTOSO2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
CONTOSO2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.1 remote-as 200

Answer: A, C
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 30 Of the following, which EIGRP table is comparable to a Link State
Adjacency table?

A. Neighbor table
B. Topology table
C. Routing table
D. Successor table

Answer: A
Explanation:
Neighbor table Each EIGRP router maintains a neighbor table that lists adjacent routers. This
table is comparable to the neighborship (adjacency) database used by OSPF.

QUESTION NO: 31 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Your assistant issued
the following command on a Contoso router.
CONTOSO(config)#ip route 172.27.6.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0
What conclusions can you draw from thia command? (Choose all that apply.)

A. This is a route to interface s0/0 on the next hop router.
B. Packets destined for this net work are sent via interface s0/0 on CONTOSO.
C. Packets destined for this network enter router CONTOSO through interface s0/0.
D. There is only one path to this network from CONTOSO.
E. This is a route to a public network.

Answer: B, D
Ip route prefix mask {address|Interface} [distance] [tag tag] [permanent]
Prefix 172.27.6.0 mask 255.255.255.0 address 172.17.8.2
Address The IP address of the next hop router that can be used to reach that network.
Interface The network interface to use to get to the destination network.
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QUESTION NO: 32 Which of the following features are associated with the distribution
layer of the three-layer hierarchical network design model? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Optimized transport structure
B. Route redistribution
C. Unauthorized entry access control lists
D. Address aggregation
E. Reliable transport structure

Answer: B, D
Explanation


You want to apply a route map named ISPA to interface E0. Which set of commands will
you use?

A. CONTOSO1(config)#interface e0
CONTOSO1(config-if)#policy route-map ISPA
B. CONTOSO1(config)#interface e0
CONTOSO1(config-if)#ip policy route-map ISPA
C. CONTOSO1(Config)#interface e0
CONTOSO1(Config-if)#policy route map ISPA
D. CONTOSO1(config)#interface e0
CONTOSO1(config-if)ip route-map ISPA

Answer: B
Explanation:
Identifies the route map to use for PBR. One interface can only have one route-map tag, but you
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can have multiple route map entries with different sequence numbers. These entries are
evaluated in sequence number order until the first match. If there is no match, packets will be
routed as usual.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps4324/products_configuration_guide_chapter
09186a008019d0dd.html

QUESTION NO: 34 What conclusions can you draw from the binary address:
11000000.10100100.10100110.00010101?

A. It is a Class B public address.
B. It is a Class C public address.
C. It is a Class B private address
D. It is a Class D experimental address.
E. It is a Class C private address.

Answer: B
Explanation:
11000000.10100100.10100110.00010101 = 192.164.166.21 = A public Class C address

wants to know which of the routing protocol multicast routing updates mentioned below
uses Class D address 224.0.0.9. What would your reply be?

A. EIGRP
B. IGRP
C. OSPF
D. RIPv2

Answer: D
Explanation:
Class D addresses are not as widely used. Class D addresses are multicast addresses;
some Class D multicast addresses used by routing protocols are as follows:
OSPF 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6
Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPSv2) 224.0.0.9
EIGRP 224.0.0.10

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Router Contoso5 makes use of a LSA type 7 to announce changes in the status of external
network 22 to area 1. Which OSPF term will you use to describe area 1?

A. Stub area
B. Totally stubby area
C. Normal area
D. Transit area
E. Not-so-stubby area
F. NSSA area

Answer: E
Explanation:
Stub Areas: These areas do not accept routes belonging to external autonomous
systems (AS); however, these areas have inter-area and intra-area routes. In order to
reach the outside networks, the routers in the stub area use a default route which is
injected into the area by the Area Border Router (ABR).
Normal Areas: These areas can either be standard areas or transit (backbone) areas.
Standard areas are defined as areas that can accept intra-area, inter-area and external
routes.
backbone area is the central area to which all other areas in OSPF connect.
Totally Stub Areas: These areas do not allow routes other than intra-area and the default
routes to be propagated within the area. The ABR injects a default route into the area and
all the routers belonging to this area use the default route to send any traffic outside the
area.
NSSA: This type of area allows the flexibility of importing a few external routes into the
area while still trying to retain the stub characteristic. Assume that one of the routers in
the stub area is connected to an external AS running a different routing protocol, it now
becomes the ASBR, and hence the area can no more be called a stub area. However, if
the area is configured as a NSSA, then the ASBR generates a
NSSA external link-state advertisement (LSA) (Type-7) which can be flooded throughout
the NSSA area. These Type-7 LSAs are converted into Type-5 LSAs at the NSSA ABR
and flooded throughout the OSPF domain
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk480/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a74.shtml
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QUESTION NO: 37 How would you describe a domain in OSI terms?

A. A set of non-routing network nodes only.
B. Contiguous set of routers and hosts linked to the same data links.
C. A contiguously connected area that can reach all other areas simultaneously.
D. Any part of an OSI network that is under a common administrative authority.

Answer: D
Explanation: An AS is a collection of networks under a common administration that share a
common routing strategy.
Autonomous systems are subdivided into areas, and an AS is sometimes called a domain.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introint.htm

QUESTION NO: 38 Which of the following statements regarding the BGP synchronization
command is true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Synchronization must be enabled when implementing a multi-homed BGP connection to
multiple ISPs.
B. Synchronization enhances BGP routing convergence.
C. If turned ON, a prefix learned from IBGP neighbor is valid only in the presence of a non-bgp
(IGP) route.
D. Synchronization is necessary when engaging in a peer-to-peer relationship with an EBGP
neighbor.
E. Synchronization can be disabled if all the transit routers in an Autonomous system is running
full mesh IBGP.

Answer: A, E
Explanation: If your autonomous system (AS) will be passing traffic through it from another AS to
a third AS, it is very important that your AS be consistent about the routes that it advertises. For
example, if your BGP were to advertise a route before all routers in your network had learned
about the route through your IGP, your AS could receive traffic that some routers cannot yet
route. To prevent this from happening, BGP must wait until the IGP has propagated routing
information across your autonomous system. This causes BGP to be
synchronized with the IGP. Synchronization is enabled by default. Only if all routers in the transit
path in the AS are running BGP it is safe to turn synchronization off.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1826/products_configuration_guide_chapter
09186a00800877b5.html

QUESTION NO: 39 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Your newly appointed
Contoso trainee wants to know which of the following NSAP addresses are a private,
locally administered addresses. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. 39.0f01.0d02.0000.0c00.1111.00
B. 43.0f01.2c06.0000.0c00.1d11.00
C. 47.00f1.4d01.0000.3090.c4d0.00
D. 49.0004.30ac.0000.30dc.c7df.00
E. 52.0f01.3c02.0000.0c00.11c1.00

Answer: A, C
Explanation: The private NSAP addresses have AFI beginning with 39, 45 and 47.
AESA Network Service Access Point (NSAP) ATM Addresses
There are 3 types of private ATM addresses:
NSAP encoding format for E.164 addresses- The authority and format identifier (AFI)
is 45. These addresses are used in establishing ISDN calls by public networks, and they
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are normally used in public telephony.
Data Country Code (DCC) AESA - The AFI is 39. These addresses are to be used in
public networks. For example, the initial domain identifier (IDI) value 0x84.0f identifies the
United States.
International Code Designator (ICD) AESA - The AFI is 47. These addresses are used
in private organizations, and the ICD field indicates the code set or organization. Cisco
uses by default ICD addresses.

Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk39/tk49/technologies_tech_note09186a00800c9761.shtml

QUESTION NO: 40 Which IS-IS metric type is the only type that Cisco IOS will support?

A. Default
B. Delay
C. Bandwidth
D. Expense
E. Error

Answer: A
Explanation:
The original IS-IS specification defines four different types of metrics. Cost, being the default
metric, is supported by all routers. Delay, expense, and error are optional metrics. The delay
metric measures transit delay, the expense metric measures the monetary cost of link utilization,
and the error metric measures the residual error probability associated with a link.
The Cisco implementation uses cost only. If the optional metrics were implemented, there would
be a link-state database for each metric and SPF would be run for each link-state database.
Reference:
l

Contoso trainee wants to know what the reason for SIA (Stuck in Active) route in EIGRP
can be. What should you tell him? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Some packets are lost between the routers.
B. The neighboring router starts receiving route updates from the active router.
C. The neighboring router stops receiving ACK packets from the active router.
D. A failure causes traffic between two neighboring routers to become unidirectional.
(unidirectional link).

Answer: A, D
Explanation: The acknowledgement does not reach the destination or they are too delayed.
Note: In some circumstances, it takes a very long time for a query to be answered. So long, in
fact, that the router that issued the query gives up and clears its connection to the router that isn't
answering, effectively restarting the neighbor session. This is known as a stuck in active (SIA)
route. The most basic SIA routes occur when it simply takes too long for a query to reach the
other end of the network and for a reply to travel back.
Reference: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/103/eigrp3.html
Incorrect Answers
B: Does not apply to SIA.
C: Ack packets dont reply to Query, only Reply do.

Contoso trainee wants to know which of the routing protocols mentioned below operates
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by making routing decisions based on network policies or rules, using different path
attributes. What would your reply be?

A. IS-IS
B. EIGRP
C. RIPv1
D. BGP4
E. OSPF

Answer: D

QUESTION NO: 43 The following exhibit lists a number of network numbers:

Network Number
192.168.31.0/24
192.168.32.0/24
192.168.33.0/24
192.168.34.0/24
192.168.35.0/24
192.168.36.0/24
192.168.37.0/24
192.168.38.0/24
192.168.39.0/24
192.168.40.0/24

Which is the least amount of CIDR blocks required to summarize the subnetworks
mentioned above?

A. Two
B. Four
C. Five
D. Seven

Answer: A

the Router network is shown in the following exhibit:

You want to configure a static route from the Contoso corporate network to 172.27.6.0
Which of the following commands can be used?

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A. Router1(config)#ip route 172.27.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.8.2
B. Router 2(config)#ip route 172.27.6.0 255.255.240.0 172.17.8.2
C. Router 2(config)#ip route 172.27.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.8.2
D. Router 1(config)#ip route 172.27.6. 0 255.255.240.0 172.17.8.1
E. Router 2(config)#ip route 172.27.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.8.1

Answer: E
Explanation:
Ip route prefix mask {address|Interface} [distance] [tag tag] [permanent]
Prefix 172.27.6.0 mask 255.255.255.0 address 172.17.8.2
Address The IP address of the next hop router that can be used to reach that network.

wants to know which command she can use to configure IGRP to advertise a default route.
What would your reply be?

A. default-information originate
B. ip default 172.27.0.0
C. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.27.0.0
D. ip default-network 172.27.0.0

Answer: D
Explanation: The ip default-network command is used as a method of distributing route
information to other routers.

QUESTION NO: 46 What could possibly happen when redistributing dynamically learned
routes from an IGP into BGP? (Choose all that apply.)

A. External IGP learned routes might have originated elsewhere.
B. The BGP process will not recognise the IGP learned routes.
C. Routing loops can occur.
D. The routers are summarised automatically.

Answer: A, C
Explanation: If redistribution is used, care must be taken that only local routes are redistributed.
For example, routes learned from other autonomous systems (that were learned by redistributing
BGP into the IGP) must not be sent out again from the IGP, or rooting loops could result.

QUESTION NO: 47 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what would
replace the router ID if you fail to put a loopback address in your OSPF configuration.

A. The priority number as set by the priority command.
B. The reply number of the router as set by the priority command.
C. The highest IP address configured in the router.
D. It defaults to 255.
E. The name set by the hostname command.

Answer: C
Explanation: The show ip ospf interface command verifies that interfaces have been configured
in the intended areas. If no loopback address is specified, the interface with the highest address
is the taken router ID. It also gives the timer intervals, including the hello interval, and shows the
neighbour adjacencies.
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QUESTION NO: 48 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso has been
allocated the address space of 192.168.100.0/24 for WAN links. You divide the address
space with a VLSM mask of 30 as follows: 192.168.100.0/30. How many subnets will be
created for WAN links?

A. 6
B. 24
C. 62
D. 128
E. 254

Answer: C

QUESTION NO: 49 Match the EIGRP terms on the left with the correct description on the
right by placing the EIGRP term in the target area.

Answer:

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Explanation:
Neighbor table Each EIGRP router maintains a neighbor table that lists adjacent
routers. This table is comparable to the neighborship (adjacency) database used by
OSPF.
Topology Table An EIGRP router maintains a topology table for each network protocol
configured: IP, IPX, and AppleTalk. All learned routes to a destination are maintained
in the topology table.
Routing table EIGRP choose the best routes to a destination from the topology table
and places these routes in the routing table. The router maintains one routing table for
each network protocol.
Successor This is the primary route used to reach a destination. Successors are
kept in the routing table.
Feasible successor This is a neighbour that is downstream with respect to the
destination, but it is not
the least-cost path and thus is not used for forwarding data. In other words, this is a
backup route to the destination. These routes are selected at the same time as
successors, but are kept in the topology table.

QUESTION NO: 50 What makes OSPF the more popular choice for an open standard
routing protocol when the one can choose between OSPF, RIPv1 and RIP v2?

A. Simpler distance vector algorithm.
B. Easy configuration
C. Simpler route selection.
D. Greater CPU overhead.
E. Router memory requirements are greater.
F. Greater scalability.

Answer: C F
Explanation:
Support for variable length subnet masks (VLSMs)
Method for path selection
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Ciscopress) page 99 + 100

QUESTION NO: 51 The Contoso network consists of a head office and 24 branch offices.
Router Contoso1 is the headquarters router in a hub and spoke topology that supports 24
remote, branch offices. Between the head office and the remote offices Point-to-multipoint
Frame Relay EIGRP network has been deployed. What would the bandwidth of each Frame
Relay connection be as observed by the EIGRP process when there was no bandwidth
command configured under either of the major serial interface or the subinterfaces on
router Contoso1.

A. 65 kbps
B. 128 kbps
C. 1.544 Mbps
D. 2.126 Mbps

Answer: A
Explanation: EIGRP by default assumes the bandwidth is a T1 (1.544 Mbps) if not specified
(including subinterfaces). Because the question ask for "what is the bandwidth of each frame
Relay connection..." the answer is 1.544 Mbps/24 = 64.3 kbps.

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Which of the following commands must be configured on Router Contoso1 interface serial
0 for OSPF to make this network operational? (Choose all that apply.)

A. ip ospf network point-to-point
B. ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
C. frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.1 200
D. frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.3 300
E. frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.1 200 broadcast
F. frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.3 300 broadcast

Answer: B, E, F
Explanation:
The ip ospf network command, typed under the interface configuration mode, is used to specify
the OSPF network configuration and sets the network mode to point-to-multipoint
Dlci- Data-link connection identifier (DLCI) number.
Broadcast - Forwards broadcasts to the specified IP address.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1830/products_feature_guide09186a008008
7b42.html

QUESTION NO: 53 Which of the following parameters will result from the show ip ospf
interface command? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Neighbor adjacencies
B. Interface counts
C. Router ID
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D. Summary link counts
E. Link-state update interval

Answer: A, C
Explanation: The show ip ospf interface command verifies that interfaces have been configured
in the intended areas. If no loopback address is specified, the interface with the highest address
is the taken router ID. It also gives the timer intervals, including the hello interval, and shows the
neighbour adjacencies.

QUESTION NO: 54 EIGRP has both OSPF and IS-IS characteristics. Place the correct
EIGRP characteristic in the proper protocol column.

Answer:

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QUESTION NO: 55 Which of the following statements are valid when taking OSPF link
state databases into consideration? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Link state database information is used to build a routing table by determining a shortest-path
tree.
B. When there are no topology changes, link state databases are refreshed regularly.
C. Each router has an identical link state database.
D. Synchronization of link state databases is maintained by means of flooding of LSAs.
E. External routes are imported into a separate link state database.

Answer: A, C, D

QUESTION NO: 56 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know which routing
protocol is defined by the OSI protocol suite at the network layer. What would your reply
be?

A. End System-to End System
B. End System-to-Intermediate System
C. Routing Information Protocol
D. Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System
E. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Answer: D
Explanation: Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) Protocol is an intradomain
Open System Interconnection (OSI) dynamic routing protocol specified in International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10589. The protocol is designed to operate in OSI
Connectionless Network Service (CLNS). Data is carried using the protocol specified in ISO
8473. OSI CLNS is a network layer service similar to bare IP service. A CLNS entity
communicates over Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) with its peer CLNS entity.
Reference:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk381/technologies_white_paper09186a00800
a3e6f.shtml

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Which router will take on the role of level -2 DIS on this particular segment?

A. Contoso1
B. Contoso2
C. Contoso3
D. Contoso4

Answer: B
Explanation: Reserved/circuit typeTop 6 bits reserved; bottom 2 bits value = 0 indicates
reserved; value = 1 indicates Level 1; value = 2 indicates Level 2; value = 3 indicates Level 1 and
2.
Reference:
l

Contoso trainee wants to know the advantages of classless routing protocols.
What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Summarization of discontinuous subnets.
B. Automatic summarization beyond the network boundary.
C. Support for VLSM.
D. Improved convergence
E. Support for FLSM.

Answer: A, C
Explanation:
A. Classless routing protocols support VLSM, and that, in turn, leads to more efficient allocation
of subnet masks to meet different host requirements on different subnetworks, resulting in better
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utilization of host addresses.
Because subnets routes are propagated throughout the routing domain, summarization is
often required to keep the routing tables at a manageable size.
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Ciscopress) page 19 + 20

QUESTION NO: 59 Consider the following partial configuration for Router A:

interface serial0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
router ospf7
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0255 area 0

Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. DB/BDR elections do not happen.
B. The area 0 NBMA cloud is configured as multiple subnets.
C. The router is limited to a hub and spoke topology.
D. OSPF neighbor statements are obsolete.

Answer: A, D
Explanation:
In an OSPF Point-to-Multipoint environment, DB/BDR elections do not take place.
The neighbor command became somewhat obsolete with the introduction of the capability to
configure other network modes for the interface, regardless of the underlying physical topology.
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Ciscopress) page 130 and 181

QUESTION NO: 60 You are contracted as the network administrator at Contoso.com. Part
of your job is to check the routing tables in the network. Which command can you use to
display the Level-2 routing table in Integrated IS-IS?

A. show isis database
B. traceroute
C. show ip route
D. show clns traffic
E. show clns route

Answer: A
Explanation: The show isis database (detail) command displays the contents of the IS-IS
database. Below is the output of this command when issued on R2. Since IS-IS is a link state
protocol, the link state database should be the same for any router in the same area.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk381/technologies_configuration_example09186a00800
93f38.shtml

QUESTION NO: 61 One of the newly appointed Contoso trainees is curious about why
subinterfaces should be configured in an OSPF NBMA topology. What can you tell her?

A. Because logical interfaces are more reliable.
B. To avoid split-horizon issues with the routing protocol.
C. IP addressing space communication.
D. Subinterfaces remain operational when the physical interface changes.

Answer: B
Explanation: When configuring routers in a NBMA topology, subinterfaces are typically used. A
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physical interface can be split into multiple logical interfaces, called subinterfaces, with each
subinterface being defined as point-to-multipoint interface. Subinterfaces originally were created
to better handle issues caused by spilt horizon over NBMA and distance vector-based routing
protocols.

QUESTION NO: 62 What would the reason be for redistributing/advertising IGP routes, for
example OSPF and EIGRP, into BGP?

A. So BGP can pass information to its OSPF neighbors.
B. So BGP can pass information to its IGP neighbors.
C. So BGP can pass information to its EBGP neighbors.
D. So BGP can pass information to its IBGP neighbors.

Answer: C
Explanation: When BGP is used between autonomous systems (AS), the protocol is referred to
as External
BGP (EBGP).
Note: Customer networks usually employ an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) such as RIP or
OSPF for the exchange of routing information within their networks
Reference: Border Gateway Protocol
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/bgp.htm

QUESTION NO: 63 There are various types of IS-IS routers. Which of the following provide
intra-area routing services? (Choose all that apply.)

A. L1 IS
B. L2 IS
C. L2 ES
D. L1 ES
E. L1/L2 IS
F. None of the above

Answer: A, E
Explanation: L1 IS and L1/L2 IS routers provide intra-area routing services.
Reference: RFC2966

QUESTION NO: 64 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You configure a 256kbps
HDLC interface as follows:

bandwidth 56
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 150

How much bandwidth is allocated for use by EIGRP traffic?

A. 56 kbps
B. 84 kbps
C. 150 kbps
D. 256 kbps
E. 384 kbps

Answer: B
Explanation: The ip bandwidth-percent eigrp command is used to configure the percentage of
bandwidth that may be used by Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) on an interface. In this scenario 150%
of 56 kbps is chosen. This is 84 kbps.
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Note: Syntax
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp as-number percent
The percent can be higher than 100%.
Reference: Cisco, Enhanced IGRP Commands

QUESTION NO: 65 You are the network administrator at Contoso.com. You reserved the
subnet mask of 189.35.70.0/26 for use by some small branch offices. Now you also want to
ensure six usable host addresses in each branch subnet by using VLSM to further subnet
this block of addresses. Which VLSM mask should you use to achieve this goal?

A. /24
B. /28
C. /29
D. /30
E. /31

Answer: C
Explanation: 3 bits (32-29) for the host would provide for 2^3-2=6 hosts as is required.

QUESTION NO: 66 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee is curious about Cisco IS-IS
NSAP address System IDs. What three things can you tell him? (Select three options.)

A. The System ID must be the MAC address of the router.
B. The System ID has to be unique within a Level -1 area.
C. The System ID will identifies a node in an IS-IS network.
D. The System ID has to be unique within a Level -2 area.
E. The System IDs may have variable sizes within a domain.

Answer: B, C, D
Explanation:
B: All Level 1 routers and hosts in an area must have an NSAP with the same area address.
C: Each system ID within an area must be unique. It is used to identify a IS-IS node.
D: Level 2 routers advertise their own area addresses (NSAP) to the other Level 2 routers in the
backbone.
Reference: Introduction to Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Protocol
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/insys_wp.htm
Incorrect Answers
A: There are several techniques for creating unique system IDs
* Start numbering 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
* Use Media Access Control (MAC) addresses.
* Convert and use the loopback IP address: 192.168.11.1 --> 192.168.011.001-->
1921.6801.1001.
E: All ISs and ESs in a routing domain must have system IDs of the same length. Furthermore,
Cisco implements a fixed length of 6 bytes for the system ID.

QUESTION NO: 67 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee knows that OSPF supports
VLSM. But what he does not know is how OSPF accomplishes this function.
What would your tell her?

A. It makes use of route summarization.
B. It will allocate addresses in groups to support multiple areas.
C. It carries subnet mask information in the route updates.
D. It maintains a topological database.

Answer: C
Explanation: Each route update includes subnet mask information.
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Incorrect Answers
A: VLSM allows route summarization, but VLSM does not use route summarization.
B: This is not the way VLSM work.
D: A topological database does not contain VLSM information.

QUESTION NO: 68 What is the reason for configuring subinterfaces in an OSPF NBMA
topology?

A. because the subinterfaces remains operational even when the physical interface are in a down
state
B. to avoid split-horizon issued with the routing protocol
C. to conserve IP addressing space
D. because logical interfaces better than physical interfaces

Answer: B
Explanation: A subinterface is a logical way of defining an interface. The same physical interface
can be split into multiple logical interfaces, with each subinterface being defined as point-to-point.
This was originally created in order to better handle issues caused by split horizon over NBMA
and vector based routing protocols.
Reference: OSPF Design Guide
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/104/3.html

QUESTION NO: 69 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what the purpose
of Partial Sequence Number Packets (PSNPs) are on a point-to-point network connection.

A. To acknowledge LSPs
B. To replace IIH packets
C. To send link-state changes
D. To establish adjacencies

Answer: A
Explanation: There are four types of IS-IS packets: IS-IS Hello Packets, Link State Packets
(LSPs), Complete Sequence Number Packets (CSNPs), and Partial Sequence Number Packets
(PSNPs). PSNPs function as ACKs. Loss of a PSNP may result in an unnecessary
retransmission of an LSP, but does not prevent correct operation of the routing protocol.
Reference: RFC 1377 - The PPP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol (OSINLCP)

QUESTION NO: 70 Below is an illustration of Router:

router bgp 65300
network 27.0.0.0
In what type of relationship do Router and its neighbor 192.23.1.1 operate?

A. a peer router running IBGP
B. a peer router running EBGP
C. a router to neighbor running EBGP
D. a community member running IBGP
E. a peer group member running IBGP

Answer: A
Explanation: Both the local and remote router has the same AS number so they are peer routers
running IBGP.

QUESTION NO: 71 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You assistant performs
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the following configuration on a router:

router igrp 100
network 197.135.20.0
network 197.135.24.0
network 197.135.27.0
redistribute rip
default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500
distance 140 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 9

access-list 9 permit 197.135.20.0

What conclusion can you draw about this configuration? (Select two options.)

A. An administrative distance of 140 will be assigned to the IGRP learned routes to networks
197.135.20.0,
197.135.24.0, and 197.135.27.0.
B. Changing the administrative distance to a number larger than the default value makes
networks 197.135.20.0, 197.135.24.0, and 197.135.27.0 unreachable.
C. The only networks allowed into the routing table will be networks 197.135.20.0, 197.135.24.0,
and 197.135.27.0.
D. The RIP learned routes to networks 197.135.20.0, 197.135.24.0, and 197.135.27.0 will be
assigned an administrative distance of 140.

Answer: B, D
Explanation:
B: This might occur.
D: We are redistributing RIP into IGRP. The redistribute rip command specifies that routes
learned via RIP will be advertised in the IGRP updates.
We examine the following command:
distance 140 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 9
140 defines the administrative distance that specified routes will be assigned.
0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 defines the source address of the router supplying the routing
information, in this case
any router.
9 defines the access-list to be used to filter incoming routing updates to determine which will have
their
administrative distance changed.
And one of the access-list statements:
9 is the access-list number.
permit allows all networks that match the address to be permitted, in this case to have their
administrative
distance changed.
197.135.27.0 A network to be permitted, in this case to have its administrative distance changed.
Reference:
Incorrect Answers
A: RIP routes are redistributed into IGRP; not vice versa.
C: The access list is applied on distance statement. Distance is only used to change the
administrative distance, not to enter routes into the routing table.

QUESTION NO: 72 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You are troubleshooting
a router on the Contoso network. You issue the show ip route command. The output from
the command is shown in the following exhibit:
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TK#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level -1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

<Some output deleted>

Gateway of last resort is 30.64.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0
30.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 30.2.0.0/16 [110/74] via 30.64.0.2, 00:09:13, Ethernet0
C 30.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 30.3.0.0/16 [110/148] via 30.64.0.2, 00:05:22, Ethernet0
C 30.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

Which two statements regarding the routing table is valid? (Select two options.)

A. The area is a stub area.
B. The routing table is typical of an ABR
C. Network 30 is using VLSM
D. The area is totally stubby.

Answer: A, C
Explanation:
A: This is a stub area.
C: The exhibits states that the 30.0.0.0/8 subnet is variable subnetted, in other words it is
subnetted with VLSM
(Variable length subnet mask).
Reference: How Does OSPF Generate Default Routes?
What Are OSPF Areas and Virtual Links?
Incorrect Answers
B: This is not an ABR (Area border router) since there are no external routes, only internal and
directly connected.
D: The area is stub, not totally stubby.

QUESTION NO: 73 You are a PC technician at Contoso. You want configure a router for
redistribution to advertise EIGRP routes into OSPF on a boundary router. You issue the
following configuration commands:

router ospf 1
redistribute eigrp 1 metric 25 subnets

What is the purpose of the 25 parameter in the redistributive command?

A. It specifies the seed to be applied to the redistributed routes.
B. It specifies redistributed routes administrative distance.
C. It specifies a new process-id to inject the EIGRP routes into OSPF.
D. It specifies each OSPF route advertisements metric limit.

Answer: A
Explanation: The metric {value} command specifies the seed metric for use in redistributed
routes.
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QUESTION NO: 74 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what the effect of
the deny any rule is since every route map ends with an implicit deny any rule.

A. Packets that reach the end of the route map are discarded.
B. Packets that get to the end of the route map are returned in the originating interface.
C. Packets are only forwarded to the null interface.
D. Packets that get to the end of the route map are routed normally.

Answer: A
Explanation: The implicit deny any in every route map makes packages be discarded if no
matching criteria are met.

QUESTION NO: 75 You are a technician at Contoso. EIGRP route summarization was
configured on a routers Serial0 interface summarizing routes that was learned from
Ethernet0 interface. Now, your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know which of
the following would then appear in the routing table. What would your reply be?

A. a summary route pointing to the Serial0 interface.
B. a summary route pointing to the Loopback0 interface.
C. a summary route pointing to the Ethernet0 interface.
D. a summary route pointing to the Null0 interface making it a default route.

Answer: C
Explanation: The summarization is learned from the Ethernet0 interface.
Incorrect Answers
A: The summarization is learned from the Ethernet0 interface.
B: The Loopback0 interface is not used this way.
D: The Null0 interface is used for default routes.

QUESTION NO: 76You are the network administrator at Contoso. You configure a Cisco
router as shown in the following exhibit:

interface serial 0
ip address 164.67.36.1 255.255.255.224
ip ospf network non-broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 164.67.36.0 31.255.255.255
neighbor 164.67.36.2

Which of the following statements would be valid regarding the configuration. (Choose all
that apply.)

A. It is a point-to-point configuration over Frame Relay.
B. There are no DR or BDR in this configuration.
C. The DR and BDR will need a static list of neighbors due to the non-broadcast network mode.
D. The network mode is nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA).

Answer: C, D
Explanation: The configuration printout shows ip ospf network non-broadcast. With this setup you
are required to specify neighbors so that a DR & BDR can be elected.

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All the Contoso routers are configured with EIGRP. If routing from Contoso2 and
Contoso3 fail to take place, which action will Contoso1 take with regard to the Contoso
main Office network?

A. Contoso1 will automatically route packets via Contoso4 to the Contoso Main Office Network.
B. Contoso1 will place the route via Contoso4 on hold.
C. Contoso1 will go into the active state for the route to Contoso Main Office Network.
D. Contoso1 will take on an active role on behalf of all routers.

Answer: A
Explanation: First it checks the topology table for an alternate route then it sends a query to
neighbouring routers for other routes to the destination.

QUESTION NO: 78 When considering outgoing IS-IS interfaces, which metric is used by
Cisco routers?

A. delay
B. expense
C. default
D. error
E. bandwidth

Answer: C
Explanation: The default metric used on Cisco IOS for IS-IS is the default (cost) metric and not
delay.

QUESTION NO: 79 For Contoso to migrate their network from RIP to OSPF they need to
redistribute all the RIP routes into OSPF and assign them the metric of 60. The internal
private address is 10.0.0.0 routing. Construct the correct command sequence to achieve
this goal in the boxes below.
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Answer:

QUESTION NO: 80 In EBGP, which of the following configurations will advertise the
subnet154.2.1.0 255.255.255.0 to EBGP neighbours?

A. Router (config-router)#subnet 154.2.1.0
B. Router (config-router)#network-advertise 154.2.1.0
C. Router (config-router)#network 164.2.1.0
D. Router (config-router)#network 154.2.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Answer: D
Explanation: When configuring BGP, we specify the mask keyword also along with the network
command.

QUESTION NO: 81 You work as a network administrator at Contoso. A router in the
Contoso network is configured for EIGRP. You want to suppress the router from sending
routing updates out the Serial 0/0 interface. It is necessary for the router to form and
maintain neighbor adjacencies on the interface. The router has already been configured as
follows:

Router(config)#access-list 20 deny any
Router(config)#access-list 100 permit ip any any
Router(config)#router eigrp 1
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Answer:

Explanation: We do not want to allow the routing updates along serial 0 to go out.
The distribute list command is denying the ip traffic.


You configure ContosoZ with the following commands:
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interface serial 0
encap frame relay

Which command will complete an EIGRP hybrid multipoint configuration on ContosoZ S0?

A. bandwidth 56
B. bandwidth 224
C. bandwidth 256
D. bandwidth 512

Answer: B
Explanation: Configuring Bandwith over a Hybrid Multipoint Network
If the multipoint network has differing speed allocated to the VCs, a more complete solution is
needed. There are two main approaches
1. To take the lowest CIR and to simply multiply this by the number of circuits. This is applied to
the physical interface. The problem with this configuration is that the higher bandwidth links will
be under utilized for some things.
Reference: CCNP Self-Study, CCNS, P BSCI Exam, Certification Guide
Clare Gough, Page 484

QUESTION NO: 83 Given the following configuration:

interface serial 0
ip policy route-map demo
route-map demo permit 10
match ip address 4
set interface serial2 serial3
access list 4 permit 10.3.3.2 0.0.0.0

Which of the statements below about a packet arriving on serial 0 would be true?

A. If the packet is destined for 10.3.3.2, it will be routed out interface serial 2 and interface serial 3
by means of load-sharing.
B. If the packet is sourced from 10.3.3.2, it will be susceptible to fast-switching policy routing.
C. If the packet is sourced from 10.3.3.2, it will be routed out interface serial 2, unless it is not up,
in which case it will be routed out interface serial 3.
D. If the packet is sourced from 10.3.3.2, the flow will be routed out interface serial 2 and
interface serial 3 by means of load sharing for the duration of the flow.

Answer: C
Explanation: The set command specifies the list of interfaces which may be used to forward the
traffic. If the first interface goes down, the second interface is being used.

QUESTION NO: 84 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You want to configure a
Cisco router for the IS-IS protocol. You want to configure Integrated IS-IS to route IP in
particular. What must you do? would you apply the command shown in the exhibit
above?

A. Issue the ip router isis command in line configuration mode.
B. Issue the ip router isis command in router configuration mode.
C. Issue the ip router isis command in global configuration mode.
D. Issue the ip router isis command in interface configuration mode.
E. Issue the ip router isis command in local configuration mode.

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Answer: D
Explanation: ip router isis is a command specified in the interface configuration mode.

QUESTION NO: 85 You work as a technician at Contoso. The companys network consists
of a hub and spoke topology that carries 24 remote offices. The router at the head quarters
in Quebec is called Router Contoso1. Point-to-multipoint Frame Relay EIGRP network is in
operation between the headquarters and its remote offices. None of the CIR for each
Frame Relay PVC connection is similar and there is no bandwidth command configured
under any of the interfaces on router R1. What could you to do counter potential EIGRP
packet pacing problems due to the different CIR each PVC connection has?

A. Convert each Frame Relay PVC to point-to-multipoint connection.
B. Convert each Frame Relay PVC to point-to-point connection and also manually configure the
bandwidth of 64 kbps for each of these PVC connections.
C. Configure the bandwidth of the major interface to 1.544 Mbps manually.
D. Convert each Frame Relay PVC to point-t o-point connection and also manually configure the
bandwidth to equal to the respective CIR for each of these PVC connections.

Answer: D
Explanation: Since the CIR for each interface is different and there is no bandwidth command
being used, it is necessary to convert each Frame Relay to point-to-point connection and
manually configure the bandwidth to equal to the respective CIR for each of these PVC
connections.

QUESTION NO: 86 You work as a technician at Contoso. Contoso has a branch office that
is attached to a central office. Your aim is to have the central office learn all routes in the
branch office. But you do not want a situation where the branch office learns all routes
from the central office. What is the most scalable option you should use on the branch
office router if all routes from the central office are filtered?

A. Configure the interface connected to the central office as a passive interface that blocks
incoming updates.
B. Configure a default route pointing to the networks behind the central office router.
C. Enable route update filtering on the interface connected to the central office to block incoming
updates.
D. Configure static routes pointing to the networks behind the central office router.

Answer: B
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 87 You are a technician at Contoso. You inform your newly appointed
Contoso trainee that you can expect problems in a situation where a single OSPF area has
too many routers. Your trainee now wants to know what these problems are.

A. Routing table recalculation too frequent.
B. Excessive LSA traffic.
C. Adjacencies table recalculation more frequently.
D. Too many reachability errors.

Answer: A, B
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 88 Which of the following features is typical of an IS-IS backbone?

A. A router in every areas.
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B. An unbroken string of L1 and LS IS-IS routers.
C. A chain of L2 and L1/L2 IS-IS routers.
D. A central area to which all other areas are attached.
E. All routers in a single area.

Answer: C
Explanation: L1 routers are internal to the area and so only L2 and L1/L2 routers form the
backbone in IS-IS.

QUESTION NO: 89 You are a network technician at Contoso. Your newly appointed
Contoso trainee wants to know which of the following qualify to be called EIGRP reliable
packets. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. hello
B. ACK
C. reply
D. query
E. update

Answer: C, D, E
Explanation: In EIGRP, the reliable packets are reply, query and update.

QUESTION NO: 90 Which of the following statements would best describe the backbone
area in an IS-IS domain?

A. A contiguous collection of L1 routers.
B. A contiguous collection of L2 routers.
C. A contiguous collection of L1/L2 routers.
D. A contiguous collection of L1 and L1/L2 routers.
E. A contiguous collection of L2 and L1/L2 routers.

Answer: D
Explanation: In IS-IS the backbone is a collection of L2 and L1/L2 routers.

QUESTION NO: 91 With which of the following routers can a Level-1 IS set up adjacency?
(Choose all that apply.)

A. Any Level-2 IS in any area.
B. Any Level-2 IS in the same area.
C. Any Level-1 IS in the same area.
D. Any Level-1 IS in any area.
E. Any Level-1/Level -2 IS in the same area.

Answer: C, E
Explanation: Level 1 routers are inside and so, it can access only level 1 routers in the same area
or the L1/L2 routers in the same area.

QUESTION NO: 92 Which of the following statements are valid when considering IBGP
routers?

A. They have to be fully meshed.
B. They have to be directly connected.
C. They can be in a different AS.
D. They do not have to be directly connected.

Answer: D
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Explanation: The IBGP routers need not be directly connected.

QUESTION NO: 93 Which of the following statements are valid when considering BGP
policy-based routing?

A. If the next-hop router fails without having an alternative path in place, routing will route to null
0.
B. If the next-hop router fails without having an alternative path in place, all traffic will be denied.
C. If the next-hop router fails without having an alternative path in place, routing will default to
another BGP path.
D. If the next-hop router fails without having an alternative path in place, policy routing will default
to dynamic routing decisions.

Answer: D
Explanation: If no alternate path is specified and the next hop router fails, policy based routing will
default to dynamic routing decisions.

Contoso trainee wants to know why is it that having neighbour relationships in OSPF will
allow scalability of the network topology. What would your reply be? (Choose all that
apply.)

A. The hello protocol is more efficient in sending routing updates than table exchanges used in
RIPv1.
B. Topological database is maintained with incremental updates, with full exchange occurring
only every 30 minutes.
C. Neighbor adjacencies control distribution of routing protocol updates.
D. It will prevent Routing table information to flood the network when holddown timers have
expired.

Answer: A, C
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 95 Which of the following tables would you find on a router running BGP?

A. An IP routing table.
B. A BGP topology table.
C. A BGP attribute table.
D. A table that has BGP information received from other routers.
E. A combined table that has both IP routes and BGP information to and fro.
F. A table that has BGP information received sent to other routers.

Answer: B, C
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 96 Which single CIDR (Supernet) prefix can a Class B private IP address
range be summarized into?

A. /8
B. /12
C. /16
D. /20

Answer: B
Explanation: In Class B, the private address is 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
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Four bits are required to take care of the range 16-31.
So, from the default subnet mask of 16, minus four that gets taken out and so, it becomes 12.

QUESTION NO: 97 The CEO of Contoso.com wants to know which OSPF LSA type is used
by an ASBR to announce external networks. What would your reply be?

A. Type 1 LSA
B. Type 2 LSA
C. Type 3 LSA
D. Type 4 LSA
E. Type 5 LSA

Answer: E
Explanation: In OSPF, Type 5 LSA is used to announce external networks.

Contoso trainee wants to know which subnet address is included in the route
summarization: 172.17.200.0/12. What would your reply be?

A. 172.17.98.0
B. 172.17.206.0
C. 172.17.106.0
D. 172.17.224.0
E. 172.17.235.0

Answer: B
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 99 Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know which of the
following commands would be appropriate to use if she wants to display the Level-1
routing table in Integrated IS-IS. What would your reply be?

A. show isis route
B. show isis neighbors
C. show clns route
D. show clns neighbors

Answer: A
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 100 You are a technician at Contoso. You are troubleshooting a Cisco
router. You need to know at what stage the topological database will be purged of out-of-
date routes. Which Cisco IOS command should you use?

A. show ip ospf
C. show ip route
D. show ip ospf protocols
E. show ip config

Answer: A
Explanation

QUESTION NO: 101 You are a PC technician at Contoso. You are instructed to configure
route redistribution for the Contoso network because it has redundant links between
routers with various types of routing protocols. Your goal would be for traffic to take the
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best route (fastest path).What would be your first step?

A. Define the default metric.
B. Determine which protocol the core router(s) is running.
C. Identify the boundary router(s).
D. Determine which protocol the edge router(s) is running.

Answer: A
Explanation:

Contoso trainee wants to know which of the following routing protocols are defined by the
OSI protocol suite at the network layer. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Routing Information Protocol
B. End System-to-End System
C. Interior Gateway Protocol
D. Intermediate System-to-End System
E. Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

Answer: D, E
Explanation: Both are defined by ISO in the OSI protocol suite.

Contoso trainee wants to know which routing protocol multicast routing updates use the
Class D address 224.0.0.6. What would your reply be?

A. EIGRP
B. IGRP
C. OSPF
D. RIPv2

Answer: C
Explanation:
OSPF 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6
EIGRP 224.0.0.10
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Cisco Press) page 69

Contoso trainee wants to know which routing protocol multicast routing updates use the
Class D address 224.0.0.10. What would your reply be?

A. EIGRP
B. IGRP
C. OSPF
D. RIPv2

Answer: A
Explanation:
OSPF 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6
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EIGRP 224.0.0.10
Reference: Building Scalable Cisco Networks (Cisco Press) page 69

QUESTION NO: 105 You are a technician at Contoso. Your newly appointed Contoso
trainee wants to know how many times the OSPF Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm has
been executed. Which commands should she use?

A. show ip ospf border-routers
C. show ip ospf
D. show ip ospf database

Answer: C
The show ip ospf command shows how many times the SPF algorithm has been executed.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/123cgcr/iprrp_r/ip2_s3g.htm#10
36469
Incorrect Answers:
A: The show ip ospf border-routers command shows internal OSPF routing table entries to an
Area Border Router (ABR) and Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR).
B: The show ip ospf interface command shows ospf-related interface specific information. This
does not include the SPF algorithm.
D: The show ip ospf database command shows ospf database specific information. This does not
include the SPF algorithm.

QUESTION NO: 106 You are a trainee technician at Contoso. Contoso has a 1000 Mbps
Ethernet based OSPF network. Your instructor wants to know what the OSPF cost for 100
Mbps Ethernet media type is. What would your reply be?

A. 1
B. 10
C. 15
D. 100

Answer: A
In OSPF, the cost of an interface is an indication of the overhead required to send packets across
that interface. The cost of an interface is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of that interface.
Thus, a higher bandwidth indicates a lower cost. The formula used to calculate the cost is:
100,000,000/bandwith in bps. Thus, a 100 Mbps (100,000,000 bps) has a cost of 1
(100,000,000/100,000,000)
Reference:

QUESTION NO: 107 With regard to BGP, which of the following statements are true?

A. BGP uses UDP port 179.
B. BGP uses UDP to ensure reliability of table updates.
C. You can install a prefix into the BGP table when a matching prefix exists in the IP route table
by using
the network command with the mask option.
D. A UDP connection is required before exchanging updates.
E. None of the above.

Answer: C

QUESTION NO: 108 You are a trainee technician at Contoso. Contoso has an OSPF
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network. Your instructor wants to know which of the following are OSPF areas.

A. Stub
B. NSSA
C. Backbone
D. Not-So-Stubby
E. All of the above.

Answer: A, C, D
In addition to the backbone area (Area0), the OSPF areas are: a normal, standard or ordinary
area, a Totally Stub area, a Not-So-Stubby area, and an NSSA Totally Stub area.

Router RTR A is configured as follows:

Hostname RTR A
!
ip address 140.140.13.2 255.255.255.252
description Connection to ISP A
!
interface 10/0

has a connection to the Internet. The router topology for the Contoso network is shown in
the following exhibit:

ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.0
description Connection to RTR B
!
interface f0/1
ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0
description Connection to RTR C
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router bgp 5201
Hostname RTR B
!
interface 10/0
ip address 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.0
description Connection to RTR A
!
interface 10/1
ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.0
description Connection to RTR C
!
router bgp 5201

Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what Router RTR A will do when it
receives an update from ISP A.


A. It will send the update to Router RTR B and Router RTR C.
B. It will send the com
C. It will send the update to Router RTR B.
D. It will send the update to Router RTB C.
E. It will ignore and discard the update.

Answer: C

QUESTION NO: 110 You are a technician at Contoso. Contoso employs EIGRP on its
corporate network. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know how EIGRP
advertise subnet masks for destination networks.

A. EIGRP advertises a prefix length for each destination network.
B. EIGRP advertises a fixed length subnet mask for each destination network.
C. EIGRP advertises a classful subnet mask for each destination network.
D. EIGRP does not advertise a subnet mask for a destination network.

Answer: A

QUESTION NO: 111 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso has an EIGRP
network. A Router on the Contoso network has a route to the 172.27.10.0/16 network. IP
routing is enabled on the Router. You want EIGRP to flag the 172.27.0.0/16 network as a
candidate default route. What command can you issue to accomplish this?

A. ip default-network 172.27.10.0
B. ip route 172.27.10.0
C. ip default-route 172.27.10.0
D. ip network 172.27.10.0
E. ip default-gateway 172.27.10.0

Answer: A

QUESTION NO: 112 With regard to classful and classless routing protocols, which of the
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following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. A router uses a bit mask to determine the network and host portions of an address and there is
no class restriction in a classful system.
B. A router determines the class of an address and then identifies the network and host octets
based on that class in a classless system.
C. The bit mask information is maintained and passed along with each routing update in a
classful system.
D. In a classless system, a router applies the default subnet mask when it receives a routing
update about a different major network as configured on the receiving interface.
E. In a classful system, a router applies the subnet mask configured on the receiving interface
when it receives a routing update about the same major network as configured on the receiving
interface.

Answer: A

QUESTION NO: 113 With regard to IS-IS, which of the following statements are true?

A. L2 routers form adjacencies with L1 and L1/L2 neighbors.
B. L1 routers have no knowledge about routes outside their area.
C. L1/L2 routers maintain a separate Level 1 link-state database and a Level 2 link-state
database, they do not advertise L2 routes to L1 routers.
D. L1 routers must forward the packets to an L1/L2 router within their area when routing packets
to another area.
E. L1 routers must forward the packets to the L2 router of the destination area when routing
packets to another area.

Answer: B, C, D

uses multiple routing protocols in different Autonomous Systems (AS). You are currently
using two-way redistribution. You want to redistribute between the systems but you want
to avoid routing loop issues. What should you do to accomplish these goals?

A. Configure the DR manually.
B. Configure the static routes manually.
C. Configure the default gateway manually.
D. Configure the administrative K-factor manually.
E. Configure the administrative distance manually.

Answer: E

consists of a single Windows 2000 Active Directory domain Contoso.com. Windows 2003
is used on all servers and client computers in the network. Only Cisco routers are used
throughout the company. The routers are named Contoso1, Contoso2, and
Contoso3.
The network is characterized by:
Contoso2 and Contoso3 are configured with OSPF.
Contoso3s Loopback0 interface is in Area 2.
Contoso3s S0/1 interface and Contoso2s S0/0 interface are both in Area 0.

The Contoso network is shown in the following exhibit:
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You are required to configure:
Contoso2s S0/1 interface in Area 1.
Contoso1s S0/0 interface in Area 1.
Contoso1s S0/0 and Contoso2s S0/1, and only these interfaces, should be in Area 1.
Use the appropriate mask!
Area 1 should not receive any external routes.
Area 1 should not receive any inter-area routes, except the default route.

Answer:

QUESTION NO: 116 In OSI terminology, what type of system is a router classified as?

A. An end system.
B. A routing system.
C. An intermediate system.
D. An inter-domain system.
E. An intra-domain system.

Answer: C

QUESTION NO: 117 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso has a
discontiguous network. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know how she
can she can ensure that EIGRP recognize routes separated by a different major network
numbers. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

F. Use private addresses on LAN links.
G. Use static route redistribution.
H. Use the no auto-summary command.
I. Use route summarization.
J. Use dynamic route updates.

Answer: B, D
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Section B

QUESTION NO: 1 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You have configured
multiple IP routing protocols on a single router on the Contoso network.
Which command lists the filters applied to routing updates on a routing protocol basis?

A. show ip
B. show ip route
C. show ip protocols
D. show ip interface

Answer: C
Explanation: The show ip protocols command will display the IP routing protocols configured on
the router and will also show what each routing process is redistributing. In addition, it will list the
redistribution filters applied to interfaces. Specifically, the output will show:
Routing protocol and process ID
Update frequency
Hold down timers
Incoming and outgoing filters
Default distribution metric
Redistribution parameters
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 2 Using route summarization, which two of these networks fall into the
174.69.16.0/20 range?

A. 174.69.33.0/24
B. 174.69.31.0/24
C. 174.69.17.0/24
D. 174.69.32.0/24

Answer: B, C
Explanation:
The valid 24-bit subnets from the address 174.69.16.0/20 are:
174.69.16.0/24 174.69.24.0/24
174.69.17.0/24 174.69.25.0/24
174.69.18.0/24 174.69.26.0/24
174.69.19.0/24 174.69.27.0/24
174.69.20.0/24 174.69.28.0/24
174.69.21.0/24 174.69.29.0/24
174.69.22.0/24 174.69.30.0/24
174.69.23.0/24 174.69.31.0/24
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 3 Which of the following statement is true when a static route is
configured on a router and that static route is advertised throughout the network?

A. The router automatically advertises static routes to all routers
B. You should configure redistribution using the redistribute static command
C. You should enable static advertisements using the advertise static route command
D. You should include the static route in a distribution list and specify which interface to use when
redistributing the route.

Answer: B
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Explanation:
To redistribute static routes that have been created on the local router to other routers in the
network, use the redistribute static command.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 4 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You are configuring
redistribution to advertise OSPF routes into EIGRP on a boundary router on the Contoso
network. You specify a seed metric with the default-metric command. What is the format of
the metric being specified?

A. hop-count
B. hop-count ticks
C. bandwidth delay hop-count load
D. load delay hop-count reliability mtu
E. bandwidth delay reliability load mtu

Answer: E
Explanation: When redistributing static routes or other protocols within EIGRP, metrics can be set
for these routes using the default-metric command. The range of values for each parameter is
listed below: bandwidth - 0 to 4,294,967,295 in Kbps
delay - 0 to 4,294,967,295 in 10-microsecond units
reliability - 0 to 255 with 255 being the most reliable
load - 0 to 255 with 255 being a saturated link
MTU - 0 to 4,294,967,295
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 5 Which switching mode is enabled by default on a router running Cisco
IOS 11.2 or later, to forward packets that match the established policy routing?

A. fast
B. wire-speed
C. NetFast
D. packet

Answer: A
Explanation: Fast switching is the default switching mechanism on all Cisco router platforms. It is
accomplished by maintaining a cache of recently switched destinations therefore reducing the
number of full route table lookups. It also allows the information required for MAC header rewrites
to be stored in cache rather than being recalculated.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 6 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Router CONTOSO is
configured as follows:

router igrp 300
network 192.168.20.0
network 192.168.24.0
network 192.168.27.0
redistribute rip
default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500
distance 140 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 9

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A. Networks 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0, and 192.168.27.0 are allowed into the routing table
B. The RIP learned routes to networks 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0, and 192.168.27.0, will be
assigned an administrative distance of 140
C. The IGRP learned routes to networks 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0, and 192.168.27.0, will be
assigned an administrative distance of 140
D. Changing the administrative distance to a number larger than the default value makes
networks 192.168.20.0, 192.168.24.0, and 192.168.27.0 unreachable

Answer: A, B
Explanation: The networks listed in under the IGRP section are advertised to other routers on the
network and installed into the routing table. The routes that are redistributed from RIP from those
same networks are assigned an administrative distance of 140 because of the distance command
listed above. The distance command is used to define an administrative distance for routes
learned from other routing protocols. The last argument (9) specifies
that access-list 9 be used to permit/deny networks.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 7 Which command could you use to verify proper operation of multiple
routing protocols that are sharing routes?

A. ping
B. show ip route
C. show cdp neighbor
D. show ip ospf neighbor

Answer: B
Explanation: This is the only command listed that can show any information regarding the state of
routes or routing protocols. Answer-A will not show any information regarding route selection or
the route to a target address. Ping can be used to verify connectivity to another IP address.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 8 Which Cisco IOS command can be used to display the route maps
configured on an interface?

A. show interface
B. show route-map
C. show ip policy
D. show ip route map

Answer: B
Explanation: This command will display all route-maps that are configured. If you specify a route-
map as an argument, then only that route-map is displayed. See the sample output below:
Router# show route-map
route-map new, permit, sequence 10
Match clauses:
tag 1 2
Set clauses:
metric 5
route-map new2, permit, sequence 20
Match clauses:
tag 3 4
Set clauses:
metric 6
Chapter: 1

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QUESTION NO: 9 What happens due to the implicit deny at the end of a route-map?

A. Packets that reach the end of the route map are discarded
B. Packets are forwarded to the null interface for special handling
C. Packets that reach the end of the route map are routed in normal fashion
D. Packets that reach the end of the route map are returned to the originating interface

Answer: A
Explanation: The implicit deny is treated the same as an access-list. If all the checks listed in the
route-map are performed and there is no match, then the route is denied.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 10 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You want to redistribute
and advertise EIGRP routes into OSPF on a boundary router. The router has the following
configuration:
router ospf 1
redistribute eigrp 1 metric 25 subnets

What does the 25 parameter in the redistribute command specify?

A. It specifies the seed cost to be applied to the redistributed routes
B. It specifies the administrative distance on the redistributed routes
C. It specifies the metric limit of 25 subnets in each OSPF route advertisement
D. It specifies the process-id for the pseudo process that injects the EIGRP routes into OSPF

Answer: B
Explanation: The parameter specifies the metric to be used for the redistributed route. The default
is 0
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 11 You are the network administrator at Contoso. A router on the Contoso
network has one serial interface and one Ethernet interface. Given the serial interface to a
WAN configuration:

interface serial 0.122 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 122

Which command prevents routing protocol information from being sent on the Ethernet
interface?

A. interface serial 0.122 point-to-point
passive-interface ethernet 0
B. interface Ethernet 0
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
passive interface
C. router ospf 102
area 1 ospf
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
D. router ospf 102
passive-interface Ethernet 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

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Answer: D
Explanation: When a passive interface is defined for any routing process, then updates are not
sent on the specified interface by that routing process. Passive interfaces must be defined for
each routing protocol (process). The passive interface command is not a valid interface
configuration command.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 12 Which of the following commands would produce output that can be
used to verify route redistribution? (Choose all that apply.)

A. debug
B. traceroute
C. show tech-support
D. show ip route

Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Debug can be used to view routing protocol information exchanged between routers.
Traceroute can be used to determine the path an IP packet will take when traversing the network.
The show ip route command will display all known routes and indicate the source of the route
(Static, OSPF, RIP, etc)
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 13 Which command forces manually entered route entries are injected into
the routing process?

A. inject static
B. inject permanent
C. redistribute all
D. redistribute static

Answer: D
Explanation: The redistribute static command is used to inject static routes into the routing
protocols route table and subsequent updates.
Chapter: 1

includes Router CONTOSO. Router
CONTOSO is configured as follows:

interface serial 0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
router ospf 7
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0


A. DR/BDR elections do not take place
B. Neighbor statements are required
C. Communication between neighbors is broadcast to 255.255.255.255
D. The area 0 NBMA cloud is configured as more than one subnet

Answer: A, B
Explanation: When configuring OSPF in a point-to-multipoint environment, DR/BDR elections do
not take place. Neighbor statements must be statically defined due to the NBMA architecture. The
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point-to-multipoint environment removes the assumption that there is a full mesh and
communication between neighbors is done via unicast.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 15 When configuring a router to participate in an OSPF area, what is the
default priority used in DR/BDR elections?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 16
D. 255

Answer: B
Explanation: The ip ospf priority command can be used to administer which router becomes the
DR. This number ranges from 0-255 and defaults to 1. A router configured with a priority of 0 can
never be elected DR.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 16 Which two are benefits of using OSPF over RIP as a routing protocol in
a large network? (Choose all that apply.)

A. OSPF has fewer tables to manage
B. OSPF is a simpler protocol than RIP
C. OSPF has virtually no reachability limits
D. OSPF uses a metric that is based on bandwidth to select a path through a network

Answer: C, D
Explanation: OSPF has virtually no limits with regard to scalability in large networks because of
its hierarchal design. RIP uses a hop count limit (15 hops) to prevent routing loops. It is possible
in a very large network to outgrow this limitation with RIP. RIP also uses hop count as its metric
for selecting the best route. Ciscos implantation of OSPF calculates link cost based on bandwidth
(10^8 / Interface Bandwidth) to determine path selection across the network.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 17 You are a technician at Contoso. You want to assign an OSPF router ID
of 172.16.20.127.Which series of commands should you use?

A. ospf loopback 0
ip address 172.16.20.127 255.255.255.0
B. router loopback 0
ip address 172.16.20.127 255.255.255.0
C. interface loopback 0
ip address 172.16.20.127 255.255.255.0
D. ospf interface loopback 0
ip address 172.16.20.127 255.255.255.0

Answer: C
Explanation: In Ciscos OSPF implementation, the Loopback interface address is used as the
Router ID. If the Loopback interface is not configured with an IP address, the highest IP address
configured on any router interface is used.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 18 What is used to determine which router that will become the DR in an
OSPF network?

A. the lowest router ID
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B. the highest priority value
C. the first router to attach to the network
D. a router that is connected to more than one OSPF area and designated ASBR

Answer: B
Explanation: The router with the highest priority value is elected as the DR. The second highest
priority value becomes the BDR. The ip ospf priority command can be used to administer which
router becomes the DR. This number ranges from 0-255 and defaults to 1. A router configured
with a priority of 0 can never be elected DR.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 19 Before an running OSPF can route traffic to another OSPF neighbor,
what state must the router be in to route traffic?

A. full state
B. INIT state
C. 2wy
D. forwarding state

Answer: A
Explanation: In order to route traffic to an OSPF neighbor router, the adjacency must be
established before any traffic can be passed. The adjacency is not established until DR/BDR
elections are completed and link-state information is exchanged (full routing information).
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 20 In OSPF, what is defined using the network command? (Choose all that
apply.)

A. the OSPF area ID
B. the OSPF router ID
C. the OSPF process ID
D. which interface is in which OSPF area

Answer: A, D
Explanation: In OSPF, the network area command defines the interfaces on which OSPF runs
and the area ID for those interfaces. The syntax for the command is below: network [address]
[wildcard-mask] area [area-id]
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 21 How does OSPF simulate a broadcast environment in an NBMA point-
to-multipoint configuration for routed traffic?

A. by creating adjacencies with each endpoint
B. by sending replicated traffic to each neighbor
C. by using the 224.0.0.5 multicast address on serial links
D. by separating out each endpoint using the hello protocol

Answer: A
Explanation: In a point-t o-multipoint configuration, neighbors must be statically defined and
communication are done via unicast instead of multicast.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 22 Which command can be used to verify when out-of-date routes will be
removed from the topological database?

A. show ip ospf
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B. show ip route
C. show ip ospf interface
D. show ip ospf topo-database

Answer: A
Explanation: Displays the Link State Update Interval and the Link State Age Interval and when an
update is due. Each route is flooded throughout the area via an LSA. Each LSA has an age field
that is incremented while it is contained in the database or as it gets flooded throughout the area.
When an LSA reaches a Maxage it gets flushed from the database if that LSA is not on any
neighbors retransmission list.
Router# show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 201" with ID 192.42.110.200
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) route
It is an area border and autonomous system boundary router
Summary Link update interval is 0:30:00 and the update due in 0:16:26
External Link update interval is 0:30:00 and the update due in 0:16:27
Redistributing External Routes from,
igrp 200 with metric mapped to 2, includes subnets in redistribution
rip with metric mapped to 2
igrp 2 with metric mapped to 100
igrp 32 with metric mapped to 1
Number of areas in this router is 3
Area 192.42.110.0
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has simple password authentication
SPF algorithm executed 6 times
Area ranges are
Link State Update Interval is 0:30:00 and due in 0:16:55
Link State Age Interval is 0:20:00 and due in 0:06:55
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 23 At a minimum, which two configuration commands are required to
configure OSPF on a single internal router? (Choose all that apply.)

A. network
B. neighbor
C. router ospf dr 1
D. router ospf

Answer: A, D
Explanation: OSPF is enabled on a router by specifying an OSPF process ID and defining the
network, interfaces used, and area-id that will be included in the OSPF process. The network
command defines the interfaces on which OSPF runs and the area ID for those interfaces.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 24 You are a trainee technician at Contoso. Your instructor shows you the
following router configuration:

interface serial 0
ip address 172.14.12.1 255.255.255.224
ip ospf network non-broadcast
!
router ospf
network 172.14.12.0. 31.255.255.255
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Your instructor wants to know which of the following statements are true.

A. DR/BDR elections are not held
B. This is a point-to-multipoint configuration
C. The network type is non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA)
D. The DR and BDR require a static list of neighbors

Answer: C, D
Explanation: Because the network type is defined as non-broadcast, DR/BDR election take place
based on statically defined neighbors. In addition, communication between neighbors is done via
unicast instead of multicast. If this were a point-to-multipoint configuration, the ip ospf network
point-to-multipoint command would have been used on the serial interface.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 25 You are a technician at Contoso. Contoso has an OSPF network. Your
newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what is used to send link-state
information to all other routers within an OSPF area. What would your reply be?

A. LSA - router link, type 1
B. LSA - network link, type2
C. LSA - external link, type 5
D. NSA - network summary link, type 3

Answer: B
Explanation: Network Link Advertisements are sent during the adjacency process to inform the
neighbor of its network links. When a link changes state or a new link added on an existing router,
the router that owns the link generates a new LSA.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 26 Which of the following features require the subnet mask to be carried
within OSPF routing protocol updates? (Choose all that apply.)

A. VLSM
B. NBMA
C. summarization
D. SPF route calculation

Answer: A, C
Explanation:
OSPF like all classless routing protocols, carry the network number and mask in its updates. This
is required to provide support for VLSM, route summarization, and super netting.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 27 If an OSPF router has interfaces connected in two or more areas, what
kind of router is it considered?

A. ABR
B. ASBR
C. MAR
D. backbone router

Answer: A
Explanation: An ABR is a router that has multiple interfaces with at least two interfaces in two
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different OSPF areas. An ASBR is a router with at least one interface connected to an external
network or AS.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 28 Which is true of an OSPF area with too many routers?

A. The second BDR cannot keep all the LSA information up to date
B. Convergence time can be slower
C. A second backbone area must be created to split the traffic into two areas.
D. Route processing time is decreased because the information is dispersed among all routers in
the area

Answer: C
Explanation: When a single area has a large number of routers processing time will increase and
convergence time will decrease. One of the most important concepts in OSPF is the existence of
hierarchy and areas. Routers in one area do not know anything about the topology outside of
their area. This reduces routing traffic and reduces the amount of physical resources required on
each router.
Chapter: 1

wants to know what is used to connect a new OSPF area to area 0 What would your reply
be?

A. external router
B. DR
C. BDR
D. backbone router

Answer: D
Explanation: Any router that will have any interface connected to an OSPF backbone area is
considered a backbone router.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 30 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You are using OSPF as
your IGP throughout the Contoso network. You want to connect the network to the outside
world or to a different routing protocol. Which kind of OSPF router must you configure?

A. ABR
B. BDR
C. ASBR
D. neighbor border router
E. backbone router

Answer: C
Explanation: ASBRs are used to connect two separate autonomous system s together. The role
of the ASBR is to exchange routing information between the two routing processes.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 31 In order to summarize routes, which configuration requirement does an
ASBR have that an ABR does not?

A. area range command
B. ospf summarize command
C. aggregate-route command
D. summary-address command
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Answer: D
Explanation: The router subordinate command summary-address is used on ASBRs to
consolidate external routes. It can be used in combination with the stub areas or used stand-
alone
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 32 Which command should you use to verify which process is responsible
for routing which network?

A. show ospf
B. show ip route
C. show ip protocols
D. show ip ospf database

Answer: D
Explanation: Sample output is shown below. Note the router ID and process ID in the first line.
Each link ID is representative of a network route.
router#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with id(190.20.239.66) (Process ID 300)
Displaying Router Link States(Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
155.187.21.6 155.187.21.6 1731 0x80002CFB 0x69BC 8
155.187.21.5 155.187.21.5 1112 0x800009D2 0xA2B8 5
155.187.1.2 155.187.1.2 1662 0x80000A98 0x4CB6 9
155.187.1.1 155.187.1.1 1115 0x800009B6 0x5F2C 1
155.187.1.5 155.187.1.5 1691 0x80002BC 0x2A1A 5
155.187.65.6 155.187.65.6 1395 0x80001947 0xEEE1 4
155.187.241.5 155.187.241.5 1161 0x8000007C 0x7C70 1
155.187.27.6 155.187.27.6 1723 0x80000548 0x8641 4
155.187.70.6 155.187.70.6 1485 0x80000B97 0xEB84 6
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 33 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso has an address
range of 172.16.20.192 to 172.16.20.223. You want to configure the area 3 border router for
network summarization Which configuration command must you use?

A. summarize 172.16.20.192 0.0.0.31 area 3
B. area 3 range 172.16.20.192 172.16.20.224
C. area 3 172.16.20.192 255.255.255.224 summarize
D. network 172.16.20.192 255.255.255.224 area 3

Answer: B
Explanation: The area range command is used on ABRs to summarize and advertise routes. A
network statement must also be defined, but answer D does not use a wildcard mask and
therefore is an invalid command.
Chapter: 1

newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know why VLSM is used in an OSPF network.

A. to allow for address summarization
B. to allow use of the all zeros subnet
C. to make efficient use of available addresses
D. it is required for a point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast network
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Answer: A, C
Explanation: VLSM is utilized in OSPF for address summarization and it also allows for more
efficient use of networks due to support for classless boundaries.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 35 What does an ABR connect in an OSPF network?

A. multiple OSPF areas
B. OSPF and RIP networks
C. multiple designated routers
D. multiple autonomous systems

Answer: A
Explanation: An ABR is a router that has multiple interfaces with at least two interfaces in two
different OSPF areas. It is used to connect different OSPF areas.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 36 Which OSPF router is responsible for flooding an of OSPF area with
type 2 link LSAs?

A. DR
B. ABR
C. BDR
D. ASBR

Answer: A
Explanation: The DR is responsible for flooding the network with network LSAs when a change
occurs within the OSPF area.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 37 Which statement regarding route summarization within OSPF is true?

A. Summarization must be performed by every router within an OSPF area.
B. Summarization prevents type 1 link LSAs from being propagated into the backbone area 0.
C. Route summarization can be performed at any point in the network where enough contiguous
addresses are present
D. Route summarization reduces the amount of bandwidth, CPU, and memory resources
consumed by the OSPF process.

Answer: D
Explanation: Route summarization reduces the amount of bandwidth, CPU, and memory
resources consumed by the OSPF process. Each additional network requires an indivi dual entry
in the routing table and must be propagated throughout the network and added to each routers
table.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 38 Which of the following Cisco IOS commands that can be used to view
neighbor adjacencies? (Choose all that apply.)

A. show ip ospf database
B. show ip ospf neighbor
C. show ip ospf protocols
D. show ip ospf interface ethernet 0

Answer: B, D
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Explanation:
Both of these commands display neighbor adjacency information.
Router# show ip ospf interface ethernet 0
Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 131.119.254.202, Mask 255.255.255.0, Area 0.0.0.0
AS 201, Router ID 192.77.99.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State OTHER, Priority 1
Designated Router id 131.119.254.10, Interface address 131.119.254.10
Backup Designated router id 131.119.254.28, Interface addr 131.119.254.28
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 60, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 0:00:05
Neighbor Count is 8, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 131.119.254.28 (Backup Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 131.119.254.10 (Designated Router)
Router# show ip ospf neighbor
ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
199.199.199.137 1 FULL/DR 0:00:31 160.89.80.37 Ethernet0
192.31.48.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 192.31.48.1 Fddi0
192.31.48.200 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 192.31.48.200 Fddi0
199.199.199.137 5 FULL/DR 0:00:33 192.31.48.189 Fddi0
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 39 What term is used to describe a BGP autonomous system connected to
two different BGP autonomous systems for increased reliability?

A. multi-exit
B. multisource
C. multihomed
D. multi-neighbor

Answer: C
Explanation: Multihoming refers to a single network or AS as having more than one connection to
another network or AS to improve reliability and/or performance.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 40 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso has
subscripted to multiple ISPs. You use BGP to connect to multiple ISPs. You want to force
outbound Internet traffic to one ISP unless there is a link failure. Which tool would you
use?

A. configure weight
B. enable route reflector
C. create a distribute list
D. enable the Longer Autonomous System path option

Answer: A
Explanation: The weight attribute is a Cisco proprietary attribute used by BGP in path selection.
This allows as administrator to prefer one path over one or more paths to the same destination.
In the event the preferred route or link fails, the secondary route will automatically be used by
outbound traffic.
Chapter: 1

wants to know which command displays both the configured iBGP and eBGP neighbors.

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A. show bgp neighbors
B. show ip bgp paths
C. show ip bgp peers
D. show ip bgp summary

Answer: D
Explanation: This is the only valid command that is listed that will show any information about
BGP neighbors. The show ip bgp neighbors will show detailed information about each neighbor
but the syntax listed is incorrect. The show ip bgp summary will show the status of all configured
BGP connections.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 42 Which method makes it possible to receive BGP routes from multiple
ISPs?

A. accept only IGP routes from the ISPs
B. accept an external route from the ISPs
C. accept only default routes from the ISPs
D. accept only redistributed routes from the ISPs

Answer: B
Explanation: This is a major difference between iBGP an eBGP. A BGP router will never forward
a path learned from an iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. However, eBGP peers always forward
routes learned from one eBGP peer to both eBGP and iBGP peers. Thus receiving routes from 2
upstream ISPs (eBGP peers) is allowed.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 43 With regard to BGP updates, which of the following statements is true?

A. A BGP router will forward a learned path from an iBGP peer to another iBGP peer.
B. A eBGP peer will never forward a learned path to an iBGP peer
C. BGP Route reflectors will propagate a route learned from an iBGP peer to eBGP peers
D. If a BGP route was learned via an update from an iBGP peer, it will propagate this information
to iBGP and eBGP peers.
E. If a BGP route was learned via an update from an eBGP peer, it will propagate this information
to iBGP and eBGP peers.

Answer: E
Explanation: This is a major difference between iBGP an eBGP. A BGP router will never forward
a path learned from an iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. However, eBGP peers always forward
routes learned from one eBGP peer to both eBGP and iBGP peers. Thus receiving routes from 2
upstream ISPs (eBGP peers) is allowed.
Chapter: 1

wants to know why it is necessary to redistribute or advertise IGP routes into BGP.

A. so BGP can propagate this information to other IGP neighbors
B. so BGP can propagate this information to other iBGP neighbors
C. so BGP can propagate this information to other OSPF neighbors
D. so BGP can propagate this information to other eBGP neighbors

Answer: B
Explanation:
iBGP will advertise these redistributed routes to all configured iBGP neighbors on the network.
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This will provide the entire AS with the routing information required to reach networks that are
routed with different routing protocols.
Chapter: 1

wants to know why an iBGP router must be peered with all iBGP routers within an AS.

A. iBGP routes are not propagated to other eBGP peers
B. iBGP routes that a router originates are propagated to other iBGP peers
C. iBGP routes are propagated to other iBGP speakers in the AS that are not peers
D. iBGP routes that are learned from an eBGP neighbor are propagated to only eBGP peers

Answer: B
Explanation:
A BGP router will never forward a path learned from an iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. So, in
order for all routers to know about the routes originated on any router in the network, they must
maintain the full mesh because another iBGP peer will never send the update to its iBGP
neighbors.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 46 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You have limited router
memory. Under these conditions, what does Cisco suggest as the best way to connect to
multiple ISPs using BGP?

A. receive only default routes
B. receive only external BGP routes
C. receive only internal BGP routes
D. receive only redistributed routes

Answer: A
Explanation:
When working with limited router resources, use default routes instead of BGP routes from the
ISP. Your internal AS decides which ISP to use and sends the traffic to the appropriate ISP.
Chapter: 1


router bgp 6500
redistribute static
ip route 164.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0

What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply. )

A. It allows BGP to advertise the 164.20.0.0/16 network
B. It results in all traffic for all subnets of 172.16.0.0 being dropped at this router
C. Cisco prefers that you use the aggregate-address command to distribute IGP routes into BGP
D. Cisco prefers this method of distributing IGP routes into BGP over using the network command
E. All routers in the AS will route the 164.20.0.0/16 network to null 0

Answer: A, E
Explanation: By using the redistribute static command, the static route will be propagated
throughout the network. Because
the route directs traffic that is destined for this network to null0, all traffic will be dropped at all
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local routers within the AS.
Chapter: 1

following partial information from the output of a BGP command on Router CONTOSO:

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
192.168.2.0 10.15.10.2 0 100 65250 65000 i
10.15.20.2 0 120 65200 65000 i
10.15.30.2 0 130 65000 i
10.15.40.2 0 140 65000 i

Your instructor wants to know which next-hop address Router CONTOSO uses to send
data destined for the network 192.168.2.0.

A. 10.15.30.2
B. 10.15.40.2
C. 10.15.10.2
D. 10.15.20.2

Answer: B
Explanation: The next hop router 10.15.40.2 has the highest weight value. The weight attribute is
Cisco proprietary and when multiple paths to the same destination exist, the connection with the
highest weight value is used. This allows an administrator to prefer one path over one or more
others to the same destination.
Chapter: 1

QUESTION NO: 49 What is the correct command to create a BGP prefix list that will permit
all prefixes between /8 and /24 for the 10.0.0.0 network?

A. ip prefix-list 10.0.0.0/8 ge 8 le 24
B. ip prefix-list 10.0.0.0/8 ge 24 le 8
C. ip prefix-list 10.0.0.0/24 ge 24 le 8
D. ip prefix-list 10.0.0.0/24 ge 8 le 24

Answer: A
Explanation: The prefix list optional syntaxes ge-value and le-value are used when you need to
specify a range of the prefix that is more specific than identified in the network/len syntax. Use the
following rule when specifying these values:
len < ge-value < le-value <=32.
Chapter: 1

wants to know what can be used to advertise iBGP learned routes to other iBGP neighbors
within the AS. What would your reply be?

A. client router
B. EBGP peer
C. route reflector
D. community router

Answer: C
Explanation:
Route reflectors are the only BGP routers that can propagate iBGP routes to other iBGP peers.
By configuring route reflectors, you reduce the number of neighbor peering relationships in an
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AS. This creates a central source for updates to the route reflector clients and eliminates the
need for a fully meshed iBGP network.
Chapter: 1

has three configured BGP route reflectors. Each route reflector has a minimum of 2
clients. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what action a BGP route
reflector takes if it receives updates from a peer in another autonomous system. What
would your reply be?

A. It discards the route
B. It sends the update to all iBGP peers
C. It sends the update only to nonclients
D. It sends the update only to its configured route reflector clients
E. It send the update to all routers in the autonomous system

Answer: B
Explanation: When a route reflector receives an update from a peer in an external AS, the routes
are only advertised to the reflectors peers (established BGP sessions). This would mean that the
new route would be sent to the reflectors clients and/or other configured route reflectors within
the AS. The reflector that receives the update would NOT send to all routers within the AS.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 52 Which methods advertises your internal networks to external ISPs via
BGP?

A. deploying route reflectors
B. disabling synchronization
C. forcing the next-hop address
D. defining routes via the network statement

Answer: D
Explanation: BGP will advertise the network number and mask specified in the network statement
unless the community attribute is changed to NO ADVERTISE or a route filter is used to block the
advertisement.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 53 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Router CONTOSO is the
headquarters router in a hub and spoke topology supporting 24 remote offices. Point-to-
point Frame Relay EIGRP network is deployed between the headquarters and the remote
offices. The CIR for each Frame Relay PVC is different and that there is no bandwidth
command configured under either the major serial interface nor the subinterfaces on
Router CONTOSO. What is a possible fix for the potential EIGRP packet pacing problem
because of the different CIR each PVC has?

A. convert each Frame Relay PVC to a point-to-multipoint connection
B. manually configure the bandwidth of the major interface to the lowest CIRx24
C. manually configure the bandwidth of the major interface to the highest CIRx24
D. manually configure the bandwidth of each of these PVCs to equal to their respective CIR

Answer: D
Explanation: EIGRP assumes that all serial interfaces operate at T-1 speed. By configuring a
bandwidth for each subinterface, EIGRP can identify slow links ( < T-1 )and will not generate
packets faster than the configured line speed.
Chapter: 2

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QUESTION NO: 54 Which type of packet is used by EIGRP routers build a neighbor table?

A. hello
B. ACK
C. LSA-Type 1
D. query
E. update

Answer: A
Explanation: The hello protocol is used to establish neighbor relationships on a common network.
Two routers become neighbors (establish adjacency) when they acknowledge each others hello
packets and their K values match
Chapter: 2

following configuration commands:

1) router eigrp 200
2) network 172.16.0.0
3) network 3.0.0.0


A. Line 1 defines EIGRP as an ip routing process in area 200
B. The command network 172.16.0.0 causes this router to become the access point for the
default network
C. Line 2 causes all interfaces connected to network 172.16.0.0 to send and receive EIGRP
updates to/from other EIGRP routers
D. The number at the end of line 1 restricts this EIGRP routing process to only communication
with other EIGRP routing process that have the same number

Answer: C, D
Explanation: EIGRP will send/receive updates on all interfaces that are included on the specified
network. The number at the end of the line is the autonomous system number and routers will
only exchange protocol information with routers within the same autonomous system.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 56 What appears in a routing table after EIGRP route summarization is
configured on a routers Serial0 interface summarizing routes learned from Ethernet0
interface?

A. a summary route pointing to the Null0 interface
B. a summary route pointing to the Serial0 interface
C. a summary route pointing to the Ethernet0 interface
D. a summary route pointing to the Loopback0 interface

Answer: A
Explanation: EIGRP creates a null route that matches the summary-address network and mask
entry to prevent routing loops.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 57 You are the network administrator at Contoso. An EIGRP router on the
Contoso network has not established adjacency with a neighbor. What are the possible
causes for this? (Choose all that apply.)

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A. K-values do not match
B. Hold times do not match
C. Hello times do not match
D. AS numbers do not match

Answer: A, D
Explanation: If the autonomous system (AS) numbers do not match, the routers will not form an
adjacency. When EIGRP is enabled on an interface, the router begins sending hellos to a
multicast address. The hello packet includes the configured EIGRP metric K values. The two
routers become adjacent if their K values match.
Chapter: 2

wants to know what the correct command format to configure EIGRP summary route is.

A. ip auto-summary as-number address mask
B. ip summary-address eigrp as-number network mask
C. ip auto-summary eigrp as-number address mask
D. ip summary-route eigrp as-number address mask

Answer: B
Explanation: This is the correct syntax to summarize external routes in EIGRP.
Chapter: 2

wants to know how bandwidth information per neighbor is determined on a multipoint
Frame Relay interface. What would your reply be?

A. bandwidth command per neighbor
B. the configured CIR per subinterface
C. the configured CIR divided by the number of neighbors on that interface
D. bandwidth of the main interface divided by the number of neighbors on that interface

Answer: B
Explanation: The bandwidth is assumed to be 1.54Mbps on serial interfaces by EIGRP. The only
way to overcome this assumption, is to configure the bandwidth on each subinterface.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 60 Which command shows the active or passive state of EIGRP routes, the
number of successors, and the feasible distance to the destination?

A. show ip route eigrp
B. show ip eigrp traffic
C. show ip eigrp neighbors
D. show ip eigrp topology

Answer: D
Explanation: If the show ip route command were issued, only the current route would appear in
the routing table. The EIGRP traffic and neighbor command do not show any information about
the routes in the topology database. IP-EIGRP Topology Table for process 77
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - Reply status
P 172.16.90.0 255.255.255.0, 2 successors, FD is 0
via 172.16.80.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet0
via 172.16.81.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet1
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via 172.16.80.31 (46277376/46251776), Ethernet0
P 172.16.81.0 255.255.255.0, 1 successors, FD is 307200
via Connected, Ethernet1
via 172.16.81.28 (307200/281600), Ethernet1
via 172.16.80.28 (307200/281600), Ethernet0
via 172.16.80.31 (332800/307200), Ethernet0
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 61 What are two classless routing protocol features supported by EIGRP?

A. triggered updates
B. variable length subnet masks
C. periodic update announcements
D. unequal path-cost load balancing

Answer: B, C
Explanation: The major difference between classless and classful routing protocols is the ability to
keep the mask information along with the network information. Classless routing protocols all
provide support for VLSM by carrying the network and mask information in its routing
updates/tables.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 62 When point-to-point Frame Relay sub-interfaces are used on a router
running EIGRP, what is the default line speed used in calculating routes associated with
the WAN interfaces?

A. 256 Kbps
B. 1.544 Mbps
C. set by the PVC
D. set by the DLCI

Answer: B
Explanation: EIGRP assumes that all serial interfaces are operating at T-1 speed. If the actual
line speed is different, the interface line speed should be specified using the bandwidth
command.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 63 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Router CONTOSO is the
central router in a hub and spoke topology supporting 24 remote locations. Point-to-point
Frame Relay EIGRP networks are deployed between the central router and the remote
locations. There is no bandwidth command configured under either the major serial
interface or the subinterfaces on the central router. What does EIGRP perceive as the
bandwidth of each Frame Relay connection?

A. 64 kbps
B. 128 kbps
C. 512 kbps
D. 1.544 Mbps

Answer: D
Explanation:
EIGRP assumes that all serial interfaces are operating at T-1 speed. If the actual line speed is
different, the interface line speed should be specified using the bandwidth command.
Chapter: 2

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QUESTION NO: 64 What is a use of VLSM in EIGRP?

A. disjointed networks
B. address cumulative
C. address aggregation
D. contiguous networks

Answer: A
Explanation: Variable Length subnet masks allows the router to seperate networks according to
the amount of Hosts required per network. Disjointed networks would be the result of using
EIGRP. EIGRP does not require Contiguous Network Assignment, as it does not require
hierachical Address.
Chapter: 2

wants to know what could possibly cause EIGRP Stuck-In-Active routes. What would your
reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The neighboring router has a better route than the active route on this router
B. The neighboring router starts receiving route updates from this router
C. The neighboring router is having memory problems and cannot allocate the memory to
process the query or build the reply packet
D. Packets are being dropped because EIGRP is sending packets faster than the actual line
speed of the circuit.

Answer: C, D
Explanation: An EIGRP SIA message means that an EIGRP router hasn't received a reply to a
query from one or more neighbors within the allotted time. When this happens, EIGRP clears the
neighbors that didn't send a reply and logs a DUAL-3-SIA error message for the route that went
active.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 66 Which EIGRP information is added to a routing table?

A. successor only
B. feasible successor only
C. successor and back up successor
D. successor and feasible successor

Answer: A
Explanation: EIGRP maintains its own topology database where up to six routes for every
destination can be stored. Only the best route (successor) is installed into the routing table. A
backup is registered with the routing table maintenance process, but not installed into the routing
table. In the event the route in the routing table fails, the routing table maintenance process calls
each routing protocol process that has registered a backup route, and asks them to reinstall the
route in the routing table. Then, the route with the preferred route is chosen based administrative
distance.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 67 Which is the most effective technique to contain EIGRP queries?

A. route summarization
B. configuring route filters
C. using a hierarchical addressing scheme
D. establishing separate autonomous systems

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Answer: B
Explanation: Route filters (distribute-lists in EIGRP) block not only routing updates, but also
queries. Instead of blocking queries, the list will delineate any query reply as unreachable.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 68 What is the default hold time for EIGRP hellos on NBMA media?

A. 30 seconds
B. 60 seconds
C. 90 seconds
D. 180 seconds

Answer: D
Explanation: EIGRP sends hello packets every 5 seconds on high bandwidth links and every 60
seconds on low bandwidth NBMA media. The default hold time is three times the hello interval or
180 seconds for NBMA 5-second hello: broadcast media, such as Ethernet, Token Ring, and
FDDI point-to-point serial links, such as PPP or HDLC leased circuits, Frame Relay point-to-point
subinterfaces, and ATM point-to-point subinterfaces high bandwidth (greater than T1) multipoint
circuits, such as ISDN PRI and Frame Relay
Chapter: 2

60-second hello:
multipoint circuits T1 bandwidth or slower, such as Frame Relay multipoint interfaces, ATM
multipoint interfaces, ATM switched virtual circuits, and ISDN BRIs
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 69 With regard to iBGP routers, which of the following statements is true?

A. They are level -1 routers
B. They are level -2 routers
C. They are in the same AS
D. They are in a different AS

Answer: C
Explanation: BGP routers that are all within the same AS are considered to be internal BGP
routers (iBGP).
Chapter: 2

wants to know what the characteristics of an autonomous system in a BGP network is.

A. It used only Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
B. EGPs are used to connect different autonomous systems
C. It is a set of routers under a single technical administration
D. It uses EGPs to route packets to other autonomous systems and IGPs to route packets within
the autonomous system
E. It uses IGPs to route packets to other autonomous systems and EGPs to route packets within
the autonomous system

Answer: B, C, D
Explanation: EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) is used to exchange routing information between
two different autonomous systems. IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) is used to exchange routing
information within an autonomous system. Routers within the same AS are normally under a
single technical administration.
Chapter: 2
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router bgp 65000
network 192.168.1.192 mask 255.255.255.224
Your instructor wants to know which of the following statements is true if interfaces
192.168.1.193
172.16.1.1 and 10.1.1.2 are active.

A. Router A is in autonomous system 64550
B. Router A advertises network 192.168.1.192/27
C. Router A forms an iBGP relationship with neighbor 10.1.1.2
D. Router A forms and eBGP relationship with neighbor 172.16.1.1

Answer: B
Explanation:
Router A is in AS 65000 as indicated on line 1.
Line 2 specifies 172.16.1.1 as a neighbor and belonging to the same AS (iBGP peer).
Line 3 specifies 10.1.1.2 as a neighbor and belonging to a different AS (eBGP peer).
Line 4 specifies that 192.168.1.192/27 be advertised
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 72 In which instance is it appropriate to use BGP?

A. If there is single connection to the Internet
B. If you have limited understanding of route filtering
C. If there is a low-bandwidth connection between autonomous systems
D. If route selection to routes outside of your autonomous system is not a concern
E. If an autonomous system allows packets to transit through it to reach other autonomous
systems

Answer: E
Explanation: This is the only reason listed that would require you to run BGP. If you are serving
as a transit AS for other downstream ASs, then you must run BGP so that all paths are known
into the downstream ASs.
Chapter: 2

following router configuration on Router CONTOSO:

router bgp 65000
network 10.0.0.0

Your instructor wants to know what type of relationship is neighbor 172.17.1.1 to Router
CONTOSO. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. a peer router running iBGP
B. a peer router running eBGP
C. a community member running iBGP
D. a peer group member running iBGP
E. a peer group member running eBGP
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Answer: A
Explanation: Line 1 specifies that Router A belongs to AS 65000 and the neighbor statement on
line 3 indicates that the neighbor is also a member of AS 65000. Therefore, these routers are
considered to be iBGP peers.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 74 Which two statements are true about BGP peering? (Choose two.)

A. Periodic keepalives are used to verify connectivity
B. Incremental keepalives are used to verify connectivity
C. It provides a best effort connection between two BGP providers
D. It provides a reliable connection between two BGP providers

Answer: A, D
Explanation: BGP uses periodic keepalives to maintain connectivity. The interval can be changed
to suit your needs (fast fail-over). Each neighbor sessions runs over TCP (port 179) and ensures
reliable delivery of routing information.
Chapter: 2


interface serial 0
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface ethernet 0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0
!
Your instructor wants to know which of the following statements is true.

A. RIP updates are sent and received on interface serial 0 of the router
B. A default route is sent to neighbors on interface serial 0 of the router
C. A default route is sent to neighbors on interface ethernet 0 of the router
D. RIP updates are sent and received on interfaces serial 0 and ethernet 0 of the router

Answer: D
Explanation: RIP is a true classful routing protocol. One of the problems with classful routing
protocols is that periodic routing updates are sent out all acti ve interfaces on every router. Even if
the router is not running RIP, it will still receive broadcast RIP packets.
RIPv2 is a classless routing protocol and instead of using broadcast updates it sends multicast
packets to a multicast address of 224.0.0.9.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 76 When using BGP policy-based routing, which two statements are true?
(Choose two.)

A. Policy routing cannot be used to modify the AS-path
B. Policy routing can be used to alter the final destination of the IP packet
C. Policy routing allows traffic to be directed based on the source address
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D. Policy routing can influence which router will be used as the next-hop router for a given packet

Answer: C, D
Explanation: Answers A and B are false. With the use of route maps, BGP AS paths may be
lengthened by adding fictitious AS numbers. This technique is called AS path pre-pending. The
final destination of a packet cannot be altered by a routing protocol or a routing protocol policy.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 77 When should BGP synchronization be unnecessary?

A. when only the edge routers in the AS will be running BGP
B. when traffic from a different AS passes through an AS to a third AS
C. when traffic from a different AS will not pass through an AS to a third AS
D. when sending and receiving of external BGP updates is controlled by using a number of
different filtering methods

Answer: C
Explanation: All of the other items require BGP synchronization. When traffic from a different AS
passes through an AS to a third AS, BGP will not advertise the route until all routers within the AS
have learned of the of the route through IGP.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 78 Identify two statements regarding BGP peer groups from the choices
below? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The peer group name is passed to other routers in the peer group during routing updates.
B. A peer group is a group of BGP neighbors with different update policies.
C. The peer group name is only local to the router on which it is configured.
D. A peer group allows options that affect outbound updates to be overridden.
E. BGP configurations can be placed on one peer group router and the configuration is applied to
all members of the peer group.

Answer: C, E
Explanation: A BGP peer group is a group of routers that share similar configurations. Every
configuration line supplied to a peer group definition is applied to each peer group member. A
peer group name may be specified, but it is not passed to any other router; the name is local only
to the router it is configured on.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 79 With regard to BGP attributes, which of the following statements are
true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Med is an optional attribute
B. Origin is an optional attribute
C. Next-hop is an optional attribute
D. Local Preference is an optional attribute
E. AS-Path is a well-known mandatory attribute
F. Community is a well-known mandatory attribute

Answer: A, D, E
Explanation:
MED is an optional attribute
ORIGIN is a well-known mandatory attribute
NEXT_HOP is a well-known mandatory attribute
LOCAL_PREF is a well-known discretionary attribute
AS_PATH is a well-known mandatory attribute
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COMMUNITY is an optional attribute
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 80 With regard to the network command on a BGP router, which of the
following statements is true?

A. The local route matching the network command can be learned dynamically
B. The local route matching the network command are blocked from the BGP routing table
C. The route to a neighbor autonomous system must have the correct MED applied to be
installed into BGPs routing table
D. The specified network is identified as a transit AS and traffic must pass through this AS to
reach its final destination.

Answer: A
Explanation: The network command only specifies which networks are to be advertised by BGP.
This can be learned from static routes, other routing protocols, or directly connected interfaces.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 81 With regard to BGP community attributes, which of the following
statement are true?

A. Communities are tagged by default in outgoing updates
B. Communities are local to the autonomous system where specified and can only be used within
that autonomous system
C. Communities are a means of tagging routes to ensure consistent filtering
D. Communities perform summarization of blocks of contiguous network prefixes

Answer: C
Explanation: The BGP COMMUNITY attribute is used to tag/mark routes. Once these routes are
marked, route maps can be used to limit the distribution and acceptance of rout es with a
particular mark. Some commonly used communities:
No-Export: The route will not be passed outside the AS
No-Advertise: The route will not be advertised to other routers
No-Export-Subconfed: Routes will not be advertised to eBGP peers (including eBGP peers in the
same confederation)
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 82 With regard to BGP policy-based routing, which of the following
statements is true?

A. If the next-hop router goes down and no alternative path is in place, policy routing will route to
null 0
B. If the next-hop router goes down and no alternative path is in place, policy routing will default
to another BGP path
C. If the next-hop router goes down and no alternative path is in place, policy routing will deny all
traffic to that destination
D. If the next-hop router goes down and no alternative path is in place, policy routing will default
to dynamic routing decisions.

Answer: A
Explanation: When using BGP, if the next hop router is down and there is no alternative path, the
packet is dropped.
Chapter: 2

following router configuration for Router CONTOSO:]
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ROUTER CONTOSO
router bgp 500
neighbor 190.225.11.1 update-source loopback 1
ROUTER B
router bgp 500


A. ROUTER A and ROUTER B are running iBGP inside as 500
B. The IP address of ROUTER As loopback 1 interface is 150.212.1.1
C. The IP address of ROUTER As loopback 1 interface is 190.225.11.1
D. ROUTER A and ROUTER B are running eBGP between autonomous systems
E. ROUTER A is configured to use the loopback IP address as the source in the BGP neighbor
connection with neighbor 190.225.11.1

Answer: A, B, E
Explanation: Based upon the router bgp 300 commands listed on both routers, we know that
these routers belong to the same AS, and therefore are running iBGP sessions. If they were in
different ASs, then the session would be considered eBGP. Line 3 in Router A forces the local
BGP session to use the Loopback 1 interface for peering. The neighbor command on Router B
specifies the IP address of the remote BGP peer, which must be the Loopback 1 address
if these two routers are to establish a BGP session. So, we must assume that the IP address
listed is the IP address for the Loopback 1 interface on Router A.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 84 When the default-information originate always command used?

A. It is required whenever you want to propagate a default route into a RIP autonomous system
B. It is required whenever you want to propagate a default route into an IGRP autonomous
system
C. It is required whenever you want to propagate a default route into an OSPF autonomous
system
D. It is required whenever you want to propagate a default route into an EIGRP autonomous
system

Answer: C
Explanation: This command is used to direct all other OSPF routers to place a default route into
its routing table. This command is not used with IGRP/EIGRP. A similar command is used in RIP
to specify some interfaces as the default route even when the local router does not have a default
route in its routing table.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 85 Which routing protocol uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) for
route calculation?

A. BGP
B. OSPF
C. EIGRP
D. RIPv2

Answer: C
Explanation: DUAL is used by EIGRP. This allows EIGRP to achieve fast, loop-free convergence
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with little impact on CPU cost and overhead. DUAL takes corrective action when topology
changes occur and in doing so, only involves the routers that are affected.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 86 Which fields is included in a RIP version 2 routing update packet that is
not included in RIP version 1?

A. metric
B. next hop
C. subnet mask
D. autonomous system number

Answer: C
Explanation: RIPv1 only carries the next hop address and its associated metric in its routing
updates. One of the major improvements in RIPv2 is that is a classless routing protocol. This
means it carries the subnet mask along with the network number in its routing updates.
Chapter: 2

wants to know what a router must determine in order to route data. What would your reply
be?

A. the route age of the next-hop device
B. the subnet mask of the source network
C. the cost metric of the path to the destination
D. the outbound interface of the best path to the destination

Answer: D
Explanation: The router must know which interface that the data will be forwarded to. The other
items listed are not used to determine if the router can route the data.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 88 Which routing protocol does not have a hop count limit?

A. IGRP
B. OSPF
C. EIGRP
D. RIPv1
E. RIPv2

Answer: B
Explanation: RIP has a maximum allowable hop count of 15 meaning a value of 16 is considered
unreachable. IGRP and EIGRP have a limit of 255 (100 by default).
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 89 You are the network administrator at Contoso. Contoso uses the RIPv2
routing protocol. Due to a dropped connection, your core router has not received an
update from a neighboring router for four minutes and the route is marked invalid.
What is the next step for the core router?

A. It recalculates the network topology
B. It purges that link from its routing table
C. It places a hold-down on the routes from that link
D. An invalid timer is started

Answer: D
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Explanation: RIP versions 1 and 2 use timed updates to respond to changes in topology. Updates
are sent every 30 seconds by all participating routers. If a neighbor does not respond for 180
seconds, the router assumes the link or neighbor is down. The router then marks the route as
invalid and an invalid timer is started (180seconds). When the invalid timer expires, a hold-down
time begins. During this period, the route is marked as possibly down and the metric is set and
advertised with infinity. If a new route was received during the invalid or hold-down periods, the
router begins advertising the new route. If not, a request is sent to neighbors for an alternate
route to the destination. The last timer is the flush timer. It is activated when the invalid timer
expires and last 60 seconds after the hold-down timer expires. When the flush timer expires (240
seconds), the route is finally deleted if no alternate route was found.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 90 Which routing protocol provides support for load balancing over
unequal cost paths?

A. IGRP
B. OSPF
C. RIPv1
D. RIPv2

Answer: A
Explanation: IGRP and EIGRP provide support for load balancing via unequal cost paths using
the variance command. In order for RIP to perform balancing, the hop count must be the same as
RIP looks at hop count only when determining the best path to a destination. IGRP and EIGRP
use a composite metric to determine the cost to a remote network. The variance command
controls the load balancing between the best path and the worst acceptable path.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 91 An LSA is used by which routing protocol to send topology change
information across the network?

A. RIP
B. IGRP
C. OSPF
D. EIGRP

Answer: C
Explanation: The OSPF routing protocol uses different types of LSA to send information to other
OSPF routers. An OSPF routers link state database is comprised of LSAs Listed below are the
five types of LSAs used by the OSPF protocol:
LSA Type 1 Router link state
LSA Type 2 Network link state
LSA Type 3 Summary link state (type 3)
LSA Type 4 Summary link state (type 4)
LSA Type 5 External link state
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 92 Which of the following is a characteristic of link-state protocols?

A. A network topology change generates an update that is broadcast to every router on the
network.
B. The periodic routing update interval is slightly different in each router on a subnet.
C. Each router creates a routing table that only includes its directly connected neighbors.
D. Link-state protocols send routing updates only when there is a change in the network topology.

Answer: D
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Explanation: One of the differences between distance-vector and link-state routing protocols is
the way topology changes are conveyed across the network. Distance-vector protocols use
periodic updates and send out complete routing tables. If a link goes down somewhere in the
network, routers running only distance-vector protocols will not know about the change until the
next update. Link-state routing protocols send updates only when there is a topology change and
the change is also included within the update. In addition, only the change is sent in the update.
This means that each router does not have to rebuild its entire routing table with each update.
The update is either added or removed from the routing table.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 93 What is the term associated with synchronizing the routing tables after
a topology change occurs?

A. flooding
B. broadcasting
C. convergence
D. summarization

Answer: C
Explanation: Convergence is the time required for all routers on the network to agree on the
network topology after a change has occurred. Simply stated, all routers synchronize the routing
tables with the same information.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 94 Which of the following must be determined first by the router in order
to route the data?

A. the distance metric of the data
B. the source address of the data
C. which routing protocol is used by the data
D. whether the protocol suite of the data is active

Answer: C
Explanation: Before a routing decision can be made three major decisions must be made in the
following order:
1) Is the logical destination address a known protocol and is the protocol active/enabled on the
router?
2) Is the destination address in the routing table?
3) If the destination address is in the routing table, which interface will be used to forward the
data?
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 95 You are a technician at Contoso. Contoso has the subnet/mask of
172.29.100.0/26 set aside for small remote locations. Each location will have 5 IP devices
connected to the network. Which VLSM mask will provide the minimum number of hosts
you require?

A. /27
B. /28
C. /29
D. /30
E. /31

Answer: C
Explanation:
/29 mask is equal to 255.255.255.248 in decimal format. If 29 bits are used for the network
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portion of the address, then 3 bits are left for the host portion of the address. Once the reserved
network and the broadcast addresses are removed, there are six usable addresses for hosts on
the subnet. 2x2x2 = 8 minus network and broadcast address = 6 valid host addresses
(Requirement from question is 5).
Chapter: 2

following route summarization entry:

192.168.134.0/22

Your instructor wants to know how many class C addresses are contained in this
summarization. What would your reply be?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
E. 16

Answer: C
Explanation:
The valid class C addresses are:
192.168.134.0
192.168.135.0
192.168.136.0
192.168.137.0
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 97 Which two UDP ports are NOT enabled automatically when the ip
helper-address command is used on a router? (Choose all that apply.)

A. 53 (DNS)
B. 69 (TFTP)
C. 515 (LPR)
D. 161 (SNMP)
E. 49 (TACACS)

Answer: C, D
Explanation: By default, if an IP helper address is specified, UDP forwarding is enabled on certain
ports. Broadcast packets destined to the following port numbers are forwarded by default:
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) (port 69)
Domain Naming System (port 53)
Time service (port 37)
NetBIOS Name Server (port 137)
NetBIOS Datagram Server (port 138)
Boot Protocol (BOOTP) client and server datagrams (ports 67 and 68)
TACACS service (port 49)
IEN-116 Name Service (port 42)
Chapter: 2

wants to know what the benefit of hierarchical IP addressing is. What would your reply be?

A. support for network address translation
B. efficient address allocation
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C. translation of private addresses
D. support for link-state routing protocols

Answer: B
Explanation: The only listed benefit of hierarchical IP address is efficient address allocation.
Another major benefit in large enterprise networks is the reduced number of entries in the routing
table. Combined with link-state routing protocols, overall CPU and memory requirements are
reduced on deployed routers.
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 99 What entry would be used to summarize all the address space between
172.18.129.0 and 172.18.133.255?

A. 172.18.128.0/21
B. 172.18.128.0/22
C. 172.18.130.0/22
D. 172.18.132.0/20

Answer: A
Explanation:
172.18.128.0/21 is the only network/mask combination that will cover the entire listed range.
Using this network/mask, the valid subnets would be (partial listing):
172.18.0.0 172.18.104.0 172.18.208.0
172.18.8.0 172.18.112.0 172.18.216.0
172.18.16.0 172.18.120.0 172.18.224.0
172.18.24.0 172.18.128.0 172.18.232.0
172.18.32.0 172.18.136.0 172.18.240.0
172.18.40.0 172.18.144.0 172.18.248.0
172.18.48.0 172.18.152.0
172.18.56.0 172.18.160.0
172.18.64.0 172.18.168.0
172.18.72.0 172.18.176.0
172.18.80.0 172.18.184.0
172.18.88.0 172.18.192.0
172.18.96.0 172.18.200.0
Chapter: 2

QUESTION NO: 100 With regard to route filtering, which of the following statements are
true?

A. It uses the same technique as packet filtering; its based on standard access-lists
B. It is required when using EIGRP and OSPF at the same time
C. Unlike packet filtering (which uses inverted subnet masks, route filtering uses normal subnet
masks
D. Route filtering is used only while performing route redistribution

Answer: A
Explanation: Routes can be filtered so that only a subset of routes can be advertised or received.
Two configuration commands are necessary to filter a route. First, a standard access list is
created that specifies which networks are allowed/denied. Second, the distribute-list command is
configured for the routing protocol.
Chapter: 2
!
access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
!
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router eigrp 100
distribute-list 2 in
!

QUESTION NO: 101 Which of these are benefits of incorporating hierarchical addressing?

A. You can summarize multiple routes into a single route summaries, making the network more
scaleable
B. A contiguous address assignment allows the most efficient use of address
C. Reduction in the number of routing table entries for participating routers
D. A more efficient allocation of addresses network-wide
E. A reduced number of routing table entries for participating routers

Answer: B, C, D
Explanation: Incorporating hierarchical and contiguous addressing minimizes the number of
wasted addresses, reduces the number of entries in routing tables (summarizing), and simplifies
network design and administration.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 102 How can a single IP statement indicate many IP addresses?

A. Source-route bridge
B. Route summarization
C. Helper address
D. Default gateway
E. Passive interface

Answer: B
Explanation: A single IP network entry can represent multiple subnets using route summarization
and VLSM. Classless routing protocols carry/distribute the mask information when managing
routing tables and sending updates to topology changes.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 103 What is NOT a reason reasons makes OSPF a better and/or more
efficient routing protocol over RIP?

A. OSPF can select paths based on bandwidth
B. Link-State protocols generally have faster convergence than Distance-Vector
C. OSPF sends its topology database to configured neighbors on a regular basis to ensure that
all routers have the same view of the network
D. OSPF supports VLSM
E. OSPF has no hop count limitation because it is based on path cost

Answer: C
Explanation: RIP periodically (60 seconds) broadcasts its entire routing table to all routers in the
network. RIP also employs a series of timers that must expire before alternate routes can be
discovered or routes removed in the event of a
link failure. These are considered drawbacks to distance-vector protocols as it increases the time
for the network to convergence.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 104 With regard to EIGRP, which of the following are true?

A. It only sends change-updates to the systems that are affected by the event
B. It can provide client address conflict resolution
C. It is considerably more complex than OSPF
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D. It supports Variable Length Subnet Masking
E. It supports compression over the WAN link

Answer: A, D
Explanation: EIGRP is considered an advanced distance-vector routing protocol. EIGRP uses the
DUAL (Distributed Update Algorithm) to ensure that updates and queries are not propagated
beyond affected routers. EIGRP is also a classless routing protocol meaning that the network
mask information is retained and advertised by the protocol.
By default, EIGRP advertises the natural classful network boundary for all EIGRP internal routes.
This behavior can be modified using the no auto-summary command and EIGRP will leave the
network mask unchanged.
Chapter: 3
!
router eigrp 93
no auto-summary
!

QUESTION NO: 105 Which of the statements below correctly describes the BGP regular
expression ^200_[0-9]*$ ?

A. Matches AS path 200 only
B. Matches all ASs
C. Matches AS path that is originated in AS 200 regardless of location
D. Matches AS path that is originated in AS 200 and ASs that are directly connected to AS 200

Answer: D
Explanation: You can use regular expressions in the ip as-path access-list command with BGP.
This allows you to setup filters to allow incoming and outgoing updates based on the BGP
autonomous system paths. In the example above, the ^ starts the input string and designates
AS. The _ signifies a null string or space follows 200 and [0-9]*$ indicates that any connected
AS with a valid AS string can pass the filter. The $ matches the end of the input string.
Chapter: 3

trainee wants to know what a BGP peer is. What would your reply be?

A. A BGP neighbor that the router has formed a TCP connection with
B. Another BGP router that the router is currently speaking with
C. Another router on the network running BGP
D. A BGP neighbor with a broken TCP connection

Answer: A, B
Explanation: If BGP cannot establish the TCP connection with its specified neighbor, the routers
are not considered to be peering and thus not peers. A peering relationship only exists between
routers that explicitly identify other routers as neighbors. BGP does not auto-discover neighbors
as other routing protocols such as EIGRP.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 107 With regard to BGP, which of the following statements are true?

A. iBGP is used between the AS
B. iBGP is used within the AS
C. eBGP is used between the AS
D. eBGP is used within the AS

Answer: B, C
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Explanation: Internal BGP (iBGP) sessions are contained within the autonomous system. The
active session is between routers with the same AS number.
External BGP (eBGP) sessions are connections between two different autonomous systems. The
active session is between routers with different AS numbers.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 108 OSPF stub or totally stubby Areas can only exist if adjacent to which
of the following?

A. LSA
B. LSP
C. BDR
D. ABR
E. DR
F. LSU

Answer: D
Explanation: There are only two possible answers - BDR and ABR. The function of the BDR is not
directly related to stub or stubby areas. The BDR is a hot standby for the DR and would assume
the role of the DR in the event the DR failed. The purpose of a DR is to minimize the number of
adjacencies formed and disseminate/receive routing updates throughout the network. An ABR
has multiple area assignments and two or more interfaces in two or more areas. An ABR would
be used to connect a stub or totally stubby area to the rest of the network.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 109 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You stop sending RIP
broadcasts from all router interfaces that do not require it. You notice that RIP is
broadcasting on Ethernet0, Serial0, and Serial1 on the router in question. You determine
that Serial0 does not need to participate in RIP updates. What command would you use to
disable RIP on this interface?

A. Configure RIP using the passive interface command
B. Configure RIP using the no router rip command
C. Configure Serial0 using the shutdown rip command
D. Configure the serial interface using the passive interface command

Answer: A
Explanation: The passive interface would be defined in the RIP configuration as follows:
!
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
passive interface serial 0
!
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 110 Why will an EIGRP route get stuck in the Active state?

A. The EIGRP router on the far end of the link has crashed
B. The reply to a query caused by a change in a route takes too long and times out
C. The physical link between the two ASs has gone down
D. The network is unstable and probably has a routing loop

Answer: B
Explanation: EIGRP sends out queries to neighbors when it detects a change in topology. In
some situations, the response to the query could be delayed longer than the router issuing the
query is willing to wait. When this happens, the route in question is stuck in the active state. This
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means that EIGRP is manipulating the route and cannot route data to the remote network.
Eventually, the router sending the query will give up and clear its connection with the neighbor.
This can be caused by slow links, bad connections, dropped packets, or an overloaded router.
Chapter: 3

trainee wants to know what the most effective method is to reduce large routing tables.

A. Route filters
B. CIDR summary blocks
C. Compression
D. Switching

Answer: B
Explanation: The only valid choice is to use CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) summaries
whenever possible. With CIDR, masks in address space are grouped together to form one
update. The lack of midsize address space (between a Class C and Class B), the growth of the
Internet routing tables, and the eventual exhaustion of the 32-bit IP address space all fueled the
creation of CIDR.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 112 You are a technician at Contoso. You need to create filter for EIGRP
network 198.30.64.0/24. What mask should be used to create the filter?

A. 0.0.0.255
B. 0.0.255.255
C. 255.255.1.0
D. 255.255.254.0

Answer: D
Explanation: A distribution list is used to block (filter) routing updates or queries and relies on an
access-list to match the criteria. The configuration commands are listed below to allow only route
information for the 198.30.60.0/24
network:
!
router eigrp 1
network 198.30.64.0
distribute-list 2 in
!
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 113 Which of the following best describes a Type 3 or 4 LSA?

A. Summary link entry which shows routing tables as IA for OSPF inter-area
B. Autonomous System External type-1 which shows in routing tables as E1 for OSPF External-
1
C. Network link entry that shows in routing tables as 0 for OSPF
D. Router link entry/record which show in routing tables as 0 for OSPF

Answer: A
Explanation: Type 3 and 4 LSAs are generated by ABRs and sent to all routers within an area.
These type LSAs advertise intra-area routes to the backbone area and both intra-area and inter-
area routes to non-backbone areas.
Chapter: 3
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trainee wants to know how long OSPF will wait after receiving no updates before it sends a
new LSA. What would your reply be?

A. 10 minutes
B. 20 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 1 hour

Answer: C
Explanation: The fixed OSPF constant Link State Refresh is defined as the maximum amount of
time between distinct origination of the same LSA. When the LSA age reaches this interval, the
router must originate a new instance of the same LSA, keeping everything the same. The value of
this constant is 30 minutes.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 115 By default, how does BGP handle IGP routes?

A. BGP automatically redistributes all IGP routes
B. BGP advertisements are independent of IGP route propagation
C. BGP must wait until the IGP has propagated routing information across the autonomous
system
D. BGP can immediately advertise routes without waiting until the IGP has propagated
information across the autonomous system

Answer: C
Explanation: BGP synchronization rules dictate when traffic from a different AS passes through
an AS to a third AS, BGP will not advertise the route until all routers within the AS have learned of
the of the route through IGP.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 116 What methods does EIGRP use to determine if a previous neighbor is
dead?

A. Unicast
B. Hold Time
C. Multicast
D. Broadcast

Answer: B, C
Explanation: EIGRP multicasts hello packets to all neighbors at regular intervals (5 or 60
seconds). Every neighbor must send these hello packets. By default, if three consecutive hello
packets are not received, the hold time expires and the neighbor is declared dead.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 117 Select the valid subnet number and broadcast address combinations
for mask /26:

A. Subnet 10.0.0.128, broadcast 10.0.0.192
B. Subnet 10.0.0.64, broadcast 10.0.0.127
C. Subnet 10.0.0.128, broadcast 10.0.0.191
D. Subnet 10.0.0.0, broadcast 10.255.255.255

Answer: B, C
Explanation: If 26 bits are used for the network portion of the address, then 6 bits are used in the
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mask portion. 2x2x2x2x2x2 = 64 addresses per subnet. The broadcast address is always the all
1s address or the last address within the subnet.
Subnet 10.0.0.0 broadcast 10.0.0.63
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 118 Policy-Based routing has which of these criteria?

A. Can Deny based on subnet mask
B. Can Deny based on RIP version
C. Can Match based on the IP address
D. Can Match based on Next Hop address

Answer: C
Explanation: Policy-based routing relies on standard or extended access list to define the traffic
matching criteria. Using standard or extended access lists, we cannot match subnet mask, RIP
version, or next hop address. IP addresses can easily be matched using access lists.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 119 Which of the following BGP Path Attributes (metrics) is a proprietary
enhancement?

A. Community
B. Origin
C. Aggregator
D. Weight

Answer: D
Explanation: The weight attribute is a Cisco proprietary attribute used for path selection. This
allows as administrator to prefer one path over one or more paths to the same destination.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 120 Which of the following are needed for an OSPF to form an adjacency?

A. Autonomous System Number
B. Area ID
C. Hello and Dead intervals
D. Stub Area Flag

Answer: C
Explanation: In order to form an adjacency hello packets are exchanged. All routers connected to
a common network must agree on all the parameters from the hello packet listed below:
Network Mask
Hello Interval
Dead Interval
Neighbor
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 121 Which of the following correctly describes an OSPF Area Border
Router?

A. It is used to connect various OSPF Areas
B. It is used only at the outside edge of an OSPF network for protocol translation
C. It is used only internally for OSPF to EIGRP redistribution
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D. It is used for routing protocol redistribution

Answer: A
Explanation: An ABR is defined as having multiple area assignments and two or more interfaces
in two or more areas. An ABR would be used to connect a different, stub or totally stubby area to
the rest of the network.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 122 You are a technician at Contoso. You are troubleshooting a problem
on the Contoso network. You issue the debug ip ospf adj command. Your newly appointed
Contoso trainee wants to know what the purpose of this command is. What would your
reply be?

A. LSA type 1
B. Elections
C. LSA type 3 and 4
D. OSPF neighbor relationships

Answer: D
Explanation: The output from this command can be very useful in troubleshooting neighbor
relationships. A sample output from the command is listed below:
Router#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF: Receive dbd from 70.70.70.70 seq 0x14B
OSPF: 2 Way Communication to neighbor 70.70.70.70
OSPF: send DBD packet to 192.16.64.2 seq 0x1797
OSPF: Receive dbd from 70.70.70.70 seq 0x1797
OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done We are the MASTER
OSPF: Database request to 70.70.70.70
OSPF: sent LS REQ packet to 192.16.64.2, length 12
OSPF: Exchange Done with neighbor 70.70.70.70
OSPF: Synchronized with neighbor 70.70.70.70, state:FULL
OSPF: Build router LSA, router ID 172.16.13.1
Chapter: 3]

QUESTION NO: 123 What are BGP routers with the same AS number exchange information
known as?

A. BGP
B. eBGP
C. IGRP
D. iBGP

Answer: D
active session is between routers with the same AS number.
External BGP (eBGP) sessions are connections between two different autonomous systems. The
active session is between routers with different AS numbers.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 124 BGP falls into which routing protocol category below?

A. Link-state protocol
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B. Interior gateway protocol
C. Exterior gateway protocol
D. Distance-Path state protocol

Answer: C
Explanation: BGP is an EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol used to connect and find routes to/from
autonomous systems.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 125 Which of the following is untrue of routers running internal BGP?

A. Routers are running iBGP when two BGP speakers are in different ASs
B. They must form a TCP port 179 connection with each other
C. They do not have to be directly connected
D. Routers are running iBGP when two BGP speaking routers are in the same AS

Answer: A
active session is between routers with the same AS number. External BGP (eBGP) sessions are
connections between two different autonomous systems. The active session is between routers
with different AS numbers.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 126 Which of the following are true of a network design with a high
number of OSPF routers in a single area?

A. Increased problems with routing table black holes
B. Increased SPF algorithm re-calculation times
C. Decreased OSPF update traffic overhead
D. Increased OSPF update traffic overhead

Answer: B, D
Explanation: SPF path re-calculation times are increased as more routers (and paths) are added
to the network. In addition, as more routers and paths are added additional LSAs must be
generated for each network and summary that exists within the area.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 127 Which of these values is required by EIGRP as a Seed Metric when
performing Route Redistribution?

A. Bandwidth, Delay, Reliability, Load, MTU
B. Cost, Delay, Reliability
C. Route-Tag
D. Cost

Answer: A
Explanation: When redistributing routes into IGRP or EIGRP, the bandwidth, delay, reliability,
load and MTU (maximum transmission unit) must be specified.
!
router eigrp 91
network 10.10.108.0.
redistribute static
redistribute rip
default-metric 10000 100 255 1 1500
Chapter: 3

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QUESTION NO: 128 With regard to an OSPF internal router, which of the following
statements are true?

A. Internal routers are in more than one area
B. At least one interface is in Area 0
C. All interfaces are in the same Area
D. Internal routers redistribute routing information with routers in other areas

Answer: C
Explanation: An internal OSPF router is defined by having all its interfaces members of the same
area.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 129 What is the inverted wildcard mask of /26?

A. 63.255.255.255
B. 0.0.0.63
C. 192.255.255.255
D. 0.0.0.192

Answer: B
Explanation:
The regular dotted decimal format of a /26 prefix is represented as: 255.255.255.192 or
11111111.11111111.11111111.1100000.
To get the wildcard mask, use 256-192=64, which is the block size of the subnet mask. The
wildcard mask is always one less then the block size or 63 in this case. A wildcard of zero (0)
means all networks bits are on. So the answer is 0.0.0.63.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 130 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You attempt to start an
OSPF process on Router CONTOSO but you receive an Unable to allocate router ID error.
What could be the cause of this problem?

A. The OSPF area is Stubby
B. No IP address assigned to any interface
C. Router ID is used by another router
D. All interfaces are shut down

Answer: B, D
Explanation: When OSPF is enabled on a router, the loopback interface IP address is used to
assign the Router ID by default. If the loopback interface is not configured, then the highest IP
address of all interfaces is assigned as the Router ID. At least one interface must be
active/enabled and configured with an IP address to enable OSPF.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 131 Which types of LSAs are passed into a Totally Stubby Area?

A. Summary Type 3
B. Summary Type 4
C. Router Link Advertisement Type 1
D. External Link Advertisement Type 5

Answer: A
Explanation: Totally stubby areas do not receive Summary Type 3 or 4 nor External Link
Advertisement Type 5 LSAs. Router Link Advertisements are sent by a router to other routers in
its area. This type LSA contains status information about the routers link to the area it is
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connected to.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 132 With regard to Route Reflectors, which of the following are true?

A. The increase the size of the BGP routing table
B. They enable the use of Route Summarization
C. They reduce the number of TCP sessions
D. A route reflector cannot propagate iBGP routes to iBGP peers.

Answer: C
Explanation: One of the major reasons route reflectors are deployed is to relieve the iBGP full -
mesh requirement. The BGP split-horizon rule is modified by route reflectors. It is modified by
allowing a route reflector to be the only router that propagates routes learned by iBGP to other
iBGP peers.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 133 Among these methods of sending an IGP route into BGP, which is not
recommended?

A. Redistribute the IGP into BGP
B. Use the network command with the mask option
C. Redistribute BGP into the IGP
D. Use the network command without the mask option

Answer: A
Explanation: Redistribution can cause routing loops and route flapping. In addition, BGP actually
pulls information that other IGPs have learned about their environment. BGP handles the
translation of one protocol to another if multiple routing protocols are used in the AS.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 134 Which of the following are reasons a network administrator would
choose to run multiple routing protocols at the same time on the same network?

A. Reduce routing protocol overhead on the network
B. Optimize the route redistribution between areas
C. Convert from an older routing protocol to a more modern one
D. Acquisition of a company running a different routing protocol than your own

Answer: C
Explanation: In general, multiple routing protocols are not needed simultaneously on the same
network. However, when migrating to a new routing protocol, this is a good methodology as
migration configurations can be tested without affecting existing traffic.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 135 You are a technician at Contoso. Contoso has a BGP network. Your
newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know when BGP is not suitable for use.

A. Routing policy and route selection are not important for your AS
B. A single connection to the Internet
C. When you need to perform load-sharing to multiple ISPs simultaneously
D. Low bandwidth between your AS and the other AS

Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: When route selection is not required for your network requirements, BGP is not
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required. This is true when a company or organization has a single connection to the Internet
even if they have their own AS assigned by ARIN. Their upstream ISP can advertise the AS and
use static routes to your network. If there is not enough bandwidth between the two ASs to
support the BGP session, it is recommended that static routes be used to prevent route flapping
due to dropped packets.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 136 Which command can be used to view the state of the link, such as
exstart, exchange, or full?

A. show ospf neighbor
B. show ip protocols
C. show ip ospf neighbor
D. show ospf interface

Answer: C
Explanation: Answer D lists the state of the DR on the interface. Answer C shows all information
about all OSPF neighbor
routers including the state.
router2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
170.170.5.1 1 INIT/ - 00:00:34 170.170.1.1 Serial0
router-2#
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 137 Which routing protocol features provide solutions to the problems
associated with very large routing tables?

A. Filtering
B. Data Compression
C. Route summarization
D. Incremental updates

Answer: C, D
Explanation: Route summarization reduces the number of entries in the routing tables.
Incremental updates only send information about the network topology that has changed. Both of
these features free up resources on routers, and bandwidth on the network.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 138 What is the router command to diagnose and display the entire route,
including delays, given the path to a destination?

A. routepath
B. routetrace
C. pathtrace
D. traceroute

Answer: D
Explanation: The traceroute command provides each hop and delay information about the path to
a destination.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 139 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You configure a static
route on router running EIGRP. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what
the default administrative distance of this static route would be. What would your reply
be?
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A. 255
B. 5
C. 1
D. 90

Answer: C
Explanation: Static routes are assigned a default administrative distance of 1.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 140 With regard to an OSPF backbone router, which of the following
statements is true?

A. It redistributes routing information with routers in other areas
B. All backbone routers must be in more than one area
C. At least one interface is in Area 0
D. All interfaces are in the same Area

Answer: C
Explanation: A backbone router has at least one interface in the backbone area.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 141 Which of these packet types does an OSPF router use at bootup to
receive information?

A. SPF
B. LCP
C. Flood
D. Hello

Answer: D
Explanation: OSPF uses hello packets to build adjacencies when OSPF is enabled on a router or
when a router boots up with OSPF already configured.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 142 You are a technician at Contoso. You reboot the existing DR. This
results in the BDR being promoted to DR. With regard to this scenario, which of the
following statements are true?

A. Upon boot of the old DR, the newly elected DR will automatically demote itself back to BDR
B. When the old DR comes back online, it will send out an LSA to override the new DR
C. The newly elected OSPF DR will remain DR even when the old DR comes back on-line
D. Upon boot of the old DR another election will occur

Answer: C
Explanation: Once a DR and BDR have been elected, the DR/BDR is sent to all routers via hello
packets. In this case, the existing DR is rebooted and the BDR is promoted to DR and a new
BDR is elected. When the previous DR comes back on-line, it accepts the newly
promoted/elected DR/BDR that is received in the hello packets.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 143 Which of the following supports multiple routed protocols?

A. IP
B. OSPF
C. BGP
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D. EIGRP
E. IGRP

Answer: D
Explanation: One of the enhancements to EIGRP from IGRP is its support for all major Layer 3
routed protocols. EIGRP supports IP, IPX, and AppleTalk. All of the other routing protocols listed
provide support for routing IP only.
Chapter: 3

trainee wants to know what the BGP MED attribute is used for. What would your reply be?

A. Setting the route maps peer ID
B. Setting IGP synchronization
C. Setting the route reflectors peer ID
D. Setting a preferred return-pathway back into the originating AS

Answer: D
Explanation: The MED attribute in BGP is used to indicate the best entry point or path to reach a
particular destination to a neighboring AS. A lower MED is preferred over a higher MED. The
MED attribute is also non-transitive because the AS does not pass the MEDs it learns from one
AS to another.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 145 With regard to RIPv1, which of the following statements are true?

A. Maximum hop count is 16
B. Update interval is 90 seconds
C. Update interval is 30 seconds
D. VLSM is not supported
E. Maximum hop count is 15

Answer: C, D, E
Explanation: Answer A is tricky as the maximum allowable hop count is 15. If the hop count is set
to 16 (infinity), the destination is considered unreachable. The RIP periodic update interval is 30
seconds.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 146 How does the command ip bandwidth-percent eigrp set EIGRP
maximum bandwidth allocation?

A. On a per AS basis
B. On a per packet basis
C. On a per interface basis
D. Globally for all IGRP and EIGRP ASs on the router

Answer: C
Explanation: This command is applied to an interface to set the maximum amount of bandwidth to
be used on an interface for EIGRP traffic.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 147 Which of the following are possible reasons that EIGRP might not
make an adjacency to a neighbor router?

A. Both routers are not running DUAL
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B. Hop counts do not match on both routers
C. The feasible successor is still in the Hello state
D. Update packets have not been sent

Answer: D
Explanation: When EIGRP begins making adjacencies, it multicasts hello packets out an
interface(s). The neighbors become adjacent when they acknowledge each others hello packets
and their K values match.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 148 With regard to OSPF, which of the following statements are correct?
(Choose all that apply)

A. OSPF computes cost based on the interfaces bandwidth setting
B. OSPF is not limited to a hop count metric
C. OSPF uses LSA packets instead of broadcasts
D. OSPF sends the complete routing table inside of each LSA packet

Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: OSPF does not send its complete routing table inside each LSA. An LSA is sent for
each network that is included in the routing process.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 149 All BGP routers belong to which of these communities by default?

A. no-export
B. classless
C. Internet
D. no-advertised

Answer: C
Explanation: All routers by default belong to the Internet community and can be used to
advertise routes to all other routers. No-export tags the routes so that it will not be sent outside
the AS. The No-advertise tag will prevent the route from being advertised to any other BGP
router. Classless is not a valid BGP community.
Chapter: 3

QUESTION NO: 150 Which Administrative Distances listed below are correct? (Choose all
that apply)

A. BGP=20
B. Static Route=1
C. External IGRP=170
D. EIGRP=120
E. Summary EIGRP=5

Answer: A, B, E
Explanation: Administrative distances are used to rate the reliability or trustworthiness of a route.
Connected interfaces are assigned a value of 0, and static routes assigned a value of 1. These
two are the most trusted routes, while an
administrative distance of 255 indicates the route will never be used. Different routing protocols
are assigned different values and can have different values for different types of routes for each
protocol (internal, external and summary). Choice C is incorrect because IGRP does not
distinguish between internal and external routes. EIGRP is assigned a default administrative
distance of 90 not 120 as specified in choice D.
Chapter: 3
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QUESTION NO: 151 With regard to RIPv1, which of the following statements are true?

A. rip v.1 route updates include a subnet mask field.
B. rip v.1 is considered a "classful" routing protocol.
C. rip v.1 is considered a "classless" routing protocol.
D. rip v.1 route updates do not include a subnet mask field.

Answer: B, D
Explanation: Ok, set the "wayback" machine to the first day of networking class. On that day, we
learned some interesting things about routing protocols and their behaviors. We know RIP v.1 is a
"distance vector" routing protocol that relies on "hop count" for pathing decisions. We also know
that RIP v.1 is a "classful" routing protocol, which means that it "observes" address class
boundaries. When you advertise a network, using the "network" command, you are not given an
opportunity to enter a subnet mask. RIP is going to assume the default mask for that address
class (255.0.0.0 for a Class "A", 255.255.0.0 for a Class "B" and so on). RIP does NOT include
subnet masks in its routing updates. Only a classless routing protocol like OSPF would need to
furnish that kind of information.
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.10
Router(config-router)#^Z
Router#
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 152 Which two routing protocols will most likely be used in a network with
limited scalability in mind?

A. IGRP
B. OSPF
C. EIGRP
D. RIPv2
E. RIPv1

Answer: A, E
Explanation: This should be a relatively easy one to answer since there are only two "classful"
routing protocols in the list of possible answer choices. Due to the fact that RIP v1 summarizes all
known routes along classful network boundaries, using VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)to
extend your addressing scheme is out of the question. RIP limits network scalability thanks to its
classful nature and its need to send updates every 30
seconds. Imagine how long it would take a network of 200+ routers to converge with RIP sending
updates every
30 seconds.
Chapter: 4

newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what he benefits of running a "link-state"
protocol like OSPF are. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. link-state protocols maintain a central network topology database
B. link-state protocols react quickly to topology changes.
C. link-state protocol updates are sent out every 30 seconds regardless of topology change
D. link-state protocols use very little bandwidth in a stable network.

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Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Link-state routing protocols like OSPF maintain a central network topology database
that is built during convergence. They also react quickly to topology changes. If a router's
interface goes down, that information is sent out at once in the form of an LSA (Link-State
Advertisement), which informs the other routers of the change. Link-state routing protocols like
OSPF (starting to notice a theme here?) use very little bandwidth as their routing updates are
"incremental" in nature and only advertise which part of the network has changed. This behavior
is the opposite of RIP, which sends a complete copy of its routing table with every update.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 154 The BGP routing protocol maintain which two types of tables?

A. IP
B. BGP topology
C. BGP attributes
D. BGP information sent to and received from other BGP routers
E. shared table that combines UDP and BGP route information

Answer: A, D
Explanation: The BGP routing protocol maintains two sets of tables, an IP table and a table
composed of BGP information sent to and received from other BGP routers. The information in
these tables is by default maintained separately, however you can configure the router to share
the information if you so desire.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 155 If you want a permanently created static route entry picked up by the
routing process, what command would you use?

A. static insert
B. static announce perm
C. static redistribute
D. redistribute static

Answer: D
Explanation: When you create a static route that is not included in the list of the networks
advertised by the IOS "network" command, it will not be picked up/learned/injected into the
routing protocol unless you specifically advertise it.
This feat is accomplished through the use of the "redistribute static" command.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 156 BGP peers communicate via which method?

A. RIP
B. TCP
C. UDP
D. ICMP

Answer: B
Explanation: BGP peers communicate via TCP port 179. The peers initiate a TCP session in
which they exchange a series of "OPEN" messages, which ultimately forms the connection. The
newly formed connections are kept active by exchanging "KEEPALIVE" messages. Once all this
has been completed, the peers exchange routing table, and periodic incremental updates.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 157 What BGP is considered to be?

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A. both an internal and external routing protocol
B. an internal routing protocol only
C. an external routing protocol only
D. an independent routing protocol

Answer: A
Explanation: BGP is truly a magical thing! It runs as both an internal routing protocol (iBGP) within
the AS and an external routing protocol (eBGP) between ASes. When BGP is used internally
(iBGP) its routing duties do not leave the confines of the AS. iBGP learns of new routes within the
AS and passes these updates to eBGP peers for
distribution. eBGP learns and distributes routes between different ASes.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 158 What does BGP "ingress filtering" allows you to do?

A. allows filtering of data packets based on protocol type
B. allows you to decide which routes will be accepted from peers or neighbors
C. allows you to decide which routes will be advertised to peers or neighbors
D. allows filtering of data packets based on protocol number

Answer: C
Explanation: BGP "ingress filtering" allows the network administrator to decide which routes will
be advertised to configured peers or neighbors. This filtering technique is especially useful (and
needed) when you are connecting a business to the Internet and you need to decide which routes
Internet users will see. Take a look at RFC 2267 to read more about this capability.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 159 BGP communities perform what function?

A. they group routes into a single administrative control group
B. they delete routes based on administrative control group names
C. they restrict routes based on network class
D. they allow routers to filter incoming or outgoing BGP routes

Answer: D
Explanation: BGP communities allow a router a more effective way to filter BGP route updates
than would be possible using distribute lists and prefix lists. A BGP community is a tag that is
applied to a route update indicating a destination route (or other common attribute) that is shared
with other routes. The router can therefore make pathing decisions based on the commonality of
a group of updates as opposed to individually assessing each route.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 160 You are the network administrator at Contoso. You are logged into the
ASBR in Area 0 (backbone). You want to advertise the address class 192.168.1.0.
Which of the following commands will make that route available to routers outside the
area?

A. network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
B. network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
C. adv address 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
D. adv address 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

Answer: A
Explanation: This should have been another easy one to answer. Since the "adv address"
command is not used to advertise networks, you should have been able to exclude the answers
that used it. That left us with the two commands containing the "network" command. One of the
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network commands uses a standard subnet mask "255.255.255.0" and one uses a "reverse" or
"wildcard" mask. The "network" command uses the "wildcard" mask to indicate how far into the
class it should advertise. The correct answer is "network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0"
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 161 Which of the following is NOT a type of OSPF Area?

A. Normal
B. Stub
C. Totally Stub
D. Not-So-Stubby
E. Not-So-Normal

Answer: E
Explanation: There are only four OSPF area types (according to Cisco) and they are stub, totally
stub, not-so-stubby and normal. The answer "Not -So-Normal" is the made up one.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 162 With regard to VLSM, which of the following statements are true?

A. the area number must be carried with the routing update
B. the addresses being summarized must be classful in nature
C. the subnet mask is carried with the routing update
D. addresses being summarized must contain the same "high-order" bits

Answer: C, D
Explanation: Variable Length Subnet Masking or VLSM gives the router the ability to announce a
series of addresses with a single routing table entry. Pretty neat trick huh?
The way that is does this, is it looks at the addresses and ascertains which of those addresses
are similar out to a designated bit pattern, also known as "high-order bits". It then looks at the
subnet mask accompanying the update and decides which series of addresses are considered
matches. You could potentially advertise as many as five destination addresses with a single
routing table entry.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 163 You are a technician at Contoso. You are designing a multi -area OSPF
network. What two things must you do?

A. make sure that each area connects to the backbone (Area 0).
B. assign each area a unique number
C. configure Areas 1-4 as Stub Areas
D. configure Areas 1-4 as Not-So-Stubby Areas

Answer: A, B
Explanation: Creating a multi-area OSPF network requires a few design considerations such as,
all areas must have a connection to Area 0 so that routing updates will have a central distribution
point, all created areas must have a unique area number (that one is kind of obvious) to prevent
routing updates from being confused by the fact that two areas are using the same number.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 164 What function does the "area range" command perform?

A. instructs the ABR to summarize the routes for a specific area before advertising them
B. instructs the ABR to segregate the routes for a specific area before advertising them
C. specifies a range of areas to advertise exclusively
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D. specifies a range of areas to observe and report the routing status

Answer: A
Explanation: The "area range" command instructs the ABR to summarize the addresses within
the area before sending them out in a routing update.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 165 You are a technician at Contoso. You want to check the status of
configured virtual links. Which command should you issue?

A. show ospf virtual-links
B. show virtual-links ospf
C. show ip ospf virtual-links
D. show ip ospf v-links

Answer: C
Explanation: The command "show ip ospf virtual -links" will show you information about configured
virtual-links. new-york router#show ip ospf virtual-links Interface address: 192.168.1.10 (POS
1/1/1) cost: 1, stat e: P To P, transit area: 1.2.3.4 hello: 10, dead: 40, retrans: 5 nbr id:
192.168.1.20, nbr address: 192.168.1.20 nbr state: Full, nbr mode: Master, last hello: 38
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 166 An OSPF router must be in what state in order to route traffic?

A. mixed
B. partial
C. two-way
D. full

Answer: D
Explanation: An OSPF router must be in "full" state (down, attempt, init, 2-way, exstart, exchange,
loading, or full). When a router is in "full" state, adjacencies are fully established and the router is
ready to route traffic.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 167 You are the network administrator at Contoso.Your newly appointed
Contoso network engineer has not quite grasped the concept of classless routing.
How would you explain the concept? (Choose all that apply.)

A. classless routing protocols carry the subnet mask with updates
B. classful routing protocols carry the subnet mask with updates
C. classless routing enables the use of VLSM
D. classless routing enables the use of high-order routing

Answer: A, C
Explanation: Classless routing is a pretty complex topic for new engineers to fully grasp. The best
way to explain the basic principles is to re-enforce the fact that the classless routing is not bound
by address class limitations, routing updates carry the specialized subnet mask which makes
VLSM possible.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 168 The "ip bandwidth-percentage eigrp" performs what function?

A. it dictates what the maximum bandwidth percentage that EIGRP packets are allowed to use on
a single router interface.
B. it dictates what the maximum bandwidth percentage that IP packets are allowed to use on a
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single router interface
C. it dictates what the maximum bandwidth percentage that EIGRP packets are allowed to use on
all router interfaces.
D. it dictates what the maximum bandwidth percentage that packets routed via EIGRP are
allowed to use on a single router interface.

Answer: A
Explanation: The ip bandwidth-percent eigrp command is used to configure the percentage of
bandwidth that may be used by EIGRP on an interface. If you issue the "ip bandwidth-percentage
eigrp" command at the command line, the router will only allow 50% of the interface's bandwidth
(which is the default) to be used for EIGRP.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 169 What is the cost between the next hop router and the destination?

A. reliable distance
B. calculated distance
C. reasonable distance
D. advertised distance
E. administrative distance

Answer: D
Explanation: The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) is the "brains" behind the EIGRP routing
protocol's path decision making process. When routes to a destination network go down, the
DUAL algorithm calculates new paths to make sure that traffic gets to its intended destination.
One of the metrics involved in this decision making process is "advertised distance" which is
equal to the cost between the next hop router and the destination network.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 170 What is the cost between the local router and the next hop router?

A. feasible distance
B. partial distance
C. next-hop distance
D. agregate distance
E. advertised distance

Answer: A
DUAL algorithm calculates new paths to make sure that traffic gets to its intended destination. In
order to determine the "best" path to a destination network, costs between the source and
destination network need to be calculated. The distance between the local router and its next-hop
router is referred to as the "feasible distance".
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 171 In order to determine the "best" path to a destination network, you
need to add which two path costs together?

A. feasible distance
B. partial distance
C. advertised distance.
D. agregate distance
E. advertised distance

Answer: A
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Explanation: The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) determines the "best" path to a destination
network, by adding together the cost of the path from the local router to the next-hop router
(feasible distance) and the cost of the path from the next hop router to the destination. The path
with the lowest total cost is considered the "best" path.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 172 What could cause EIGRP routes to be considered "stuck-in-active"?

A. the route being reported by the "stuck-in-active" message no longer exists.
B. the route being reported by the "stuck-in-active" message has been activated.
C. a query for the route generated by an EIGRP neighbor has not yet been replied to.
D. a query for the route generated by an OSPF neighbor has not yet been replied to.

Answer: A, C
Explanation: The "stuck-in-active" message refers to the condition in which a primary route is no
longer avail able and no feasible successor is available. The EIGRP router has sent out a query to
its neighbors and no reply has been heard back for three minutes.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 173 What are Query, Update and Reply known as?

A. EIGRP renewable packets
B. EIGRP reliable packets
C. TCP/IP reliable packets
D. QueryAll packets
E. OSPF reliable packets

Answer: B
Explanation: EIGRP utilizes five different types of packets:
1) ACK
2) hello
3) query
4) reply
5) update
These packets are instrumental in EIGRP's ability to reliably route packets from source to
destination network. The "reliable packets" are query, update, and reply.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 174 You are a technician at Contoso. Contoso has an IS-IS network. Your
newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what IS-IS stand for. What would your
reply be?

A. intercontinental station-to-intercontinental station
B. intermediate section-to-intermediate section
C. intermediate station-to-intermediate station
D. intermediate system-to-i ntermediate system

Answer: D
Explanation: The intermediate system-to-intermediate system routing protocol, more commonly
known as IS-IS was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 175 Which of the following attributes are common to both OSPF and IS-IS?

A. they both maintain a link -state database.
B. they both run the SPF algorithm to determine the shortest path to destination networks
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C. they both utilize the concept of "areas" to maintain hierarchical network topologies
D. they both use RIP as their data transfer medium
E. they both communicate via port 80 when sending routing updates

Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: IS-IS and OSPF share a number of common features; link-state databases, the
running of the SPF algorithm, the use of "areas" among other similarities.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 176 Which of the following subnet masks is the most optimized for
providing five internet addresses?

A. 225.255.255.192
B. 225.255.255.248
C. 225.255.255.255
D. 225.255.255.254

Answer: B
Explanation: Do the math and win a prize! This should have taken you about 5 minutes to
answer. The subnet mask 255.255.255.248 will give you 32 subnets with 6 hosts per subnet.
Sounds pretty efficient to me. If you want a great shortcut for figuring out number of hosts per
subnet, subtract 248 from 256, that leaves you with 8 right? Subtract two from 8 (can't use the
first and last addresses in the range) and you are left with 6. There are six hosts in each of the
subnets. It works every time.
The other subnet masks:
255.255.255.192 = 4 subnets with 62 hosts per subnet, way too many hosts.
255.255.255.255 = Gong! I hope no one fell for this one
255.255.255.254 = 128 subnets with two hosts per subnet, won't work if you need five hosts.
(*TIP* use this for point to point serial connections)
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 177 On a point-to-point network, what acknowledges each LSP that it
receives.

A. PSNP
B. POPN
C. BPDU
D. LMNOP

Answer: A
Explanation: On a point-to-point IS-IS network, an LSP(Link State Packet) is generated to
announce a router's links and the status of the those links. When the LSP is received, a PSNP
(Partial Sequence Number Packet) is sent to acknowledge each of the LSPs that are received.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 178 What is the IS-IS equivalent of the OSPF backbone Area 0?

A. level-0 backbone
B. area 0 backbone
C. level-1 backbone
D. level-2 backbone

Answer: D
Explanation: In order to answer this question, we are only going to deal with Level-1 and Level -2
routers (I see the guy with his hand raised...Yes, there are Level1/2 routers in IS-IS as well). The
Level-1 routers are similar to OSPF areas; they are independent of each other and require a
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concentration point to share routing updates. It is in this capacity that the Level-2 backbone
functions. Level-2 routers provide the common connection point through which route updates
from the other Level-1 routers flow. This concept has been highly simplified, but with good
reason...hint-hint.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 179 With which of the following can Level-2 IS routers establish an
adjacency?

A. Level -1 IS in the same area
B. Level -2 IS in a different area
C. Level-2 IS in the same area
D. Level-1 IS in a different area

Answer: A, B
Explanation:
Here is a little chart that will help you remember the rules for adjacency formation:
Level 1:
Level 1 - Level 1 in the same area - Yes
Level 2:
Level 2 - Level 2 in different areas - Yes
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 180 Which of the following are most like an OSPF Area Border Router
(ABR)?

A. Level 1 IS
B. Level 2 IS
C. Level1/Level2 IS
D. Level2/Level3 IS
E. IS-IS Media Border Router (IMBR)

Answer: C
Explanation: IS-IS L1/L2 routers are a hybrid router type (which is the default setting when
activating an IS-IS router). The L1/L2 router is most like the OSPF ABR because L1/L2 routers
can connect to both the backbone (L2) and a router in a different area (L1), which as we know an
ABR is also capable of doing.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 181 From the answer choices below, choose the statements that are true
regarding IS-IS.

A. L1 IS routers can be used to connect areas together
B. L2 IS routers can be used to connect areas together
C. IS-IS routers can either be an L1 or L2
D. IS-IS routers can be both an L1 and L2 at the same time

Answer: B, D
can connect to both the backbone (L2) and a router in a different area (L1).
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 182 What will an OSPF ABR connect to when introduced into an existing
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network?

A. one or more OSPF areas
B. a single IS-IS area
C. L2 IS router
D. L1/L2 IS router

Answer: A
Explanation: The OSPF Area Border Router's job is to sit on the border of one or more OSPF
areas and provide a communication conduit between the areas and the backbone. The ABR runs
the SPF algorithm and maintains the data for each area that it is connected to.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 183 Level 1/2 IS routers provide which service for IS-IS networks?

A. intra-area routing services
B. inter-area routing services
C. intra-level routing services
D. consolidation of OSPF and IS-IS routing updates

Answer: B
can connect to both the backbone (L2) and a router in a different area (L1). Much in the same
way that an OSPF ABR sits on the borders of one or more areas so does the L1/L2 router. Since
the L1/L2 router straddles the area "fence", it is capable of providing inter-area routing services.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 184 OSPF can handle VLSM because it has what capability?

A. OSPF organizes the network hierarchy when the SPF algorithm is run
B. OSPF's nature as a link-state database automatically supports VLSM
C. OSPF carries the subnet mask within its routing updates
D. OSPF organizes areas and their ABRs into hierarchical groups

Answer: C
Explanation: In order for VLSM to be deployed on a network infrastructure, you need to use a
routing protocol that is capable of sending specialized subnet masks as part of the routing table
updates. When you configure OSPF, one of the steps is to enter the network addresses with
corresponding subnet masks.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 185 Which of the following are metrics available to IS-IS?

A. delay
B. error
C. expense
D. hop count

Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: The IS-IS routing protocol incorporates three metrics: delay, expense, and error.
delay - measures the amount of delay on the link expense - measures cost in resources of using
the link error - measures the number of errors occurring on the link
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 186 What is the purpose of the "show isis route" command?
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A. It displays the Level-1 routing table for integrated IS-IS
B. It displays the Level-2 routing table for integrated IS-IS
C. It displays the routes most recently taken to a Level -1 ABR
D. It displays the hops taken by a packet leaving the nearest Level-1 router

Answer: A
Explanation: The "show isis route" command will show the Level-1 routing table as seen in the
example below: Contoso#show isis route
IS-IS Level -1 Routing Table - Version X
System Id Next-Hop SNPA Interface Metric State
BB00.0400.020C BB00.0400.020C bb00.0400.020c Serial0 10 Up
0800.2BB1.4434 0000.0000.0000 -- -- 0 Up
0800.2BB3.785B 0800.2BB3.785B bb00.0400.020c Serial0 10 Up
Chapter: 4

newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know what an OSPF router does when a link-
state change occurs. What would your reply be?

A. it shuts down and runs the SPF algorithm
B. it multicasts the link-state change on ip address 224.0.0.6 to the DRs and BDRs via an LSU
C. it multicasts the link-state change on ip address 255.255.255.224 to the DRs and BDRs via an
LSU
D. it unicasts the link-state change on ip address 255.255.255.224 to the ABRs and ASBRs via
an LSU

Answer: B
Explanation:
An OSPF router reacts to link-state changes in the follow manner:
1) Link-state change is detected by a router
2) The router multicasts an LSU (Link-state update) to DRs and BDRs on address 224.0.0.6
3) The DR confirms receipt of the LSU and then floods it to other routers via address 224.0.0.5
There is more to the story, but this gives you the basic idea.
Chapter: 4

newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know OSPF which multi -cast addresses are
used on the Contoso network. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. 224.0.0.6
B. 224.0.0.5
C. 225.0.0.3
D. 255.255.255.224

Answer: A, B
Explanation:
An OSPF router reacts to link-state changes in the follow manner:
1) Link-state change is detected by a router
2) The router multicasts an LSU (Link-state update) to DRs and BDRs on address 224.0.0.6
3) The DR confirms receipt of the LSU and then floods it to other routers via address 224.0.0.5
These addresses are defined in RFC-1583.
224.0.0.5 OSPFIGP OSPFIGP All Routers
224.0.0.6 OSPFIGP OSPFIGP Designated Routers
Chapter: 4

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newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know why OSPF scales better than other
routing protocols. What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. OSPF converges faster
B. OSPF uses a faster update protocol
C. OSPF sends updates in a compressed format
D. OSPF updates are incremental in nature, thus smaller in size

Answer: A, D
Explanation: OSPF can scale better than some of its contemporaries due to a couple of factors.
OSPF updates are based on topology changes, as opposed to RIP, which sends updates
regardless of network topology status. When OSPF does send out an update, the update only
contains elements that are different due to a linkstate change. RIP sends out a copy of its entire
routing table whether anything has changed or not. OSPF is also aware of link costs, which
means it won't send updates out over a slow link.
Chapter: 4

trainee wants to know why route summarization is so desirable What would your reply be?

A. summarization results in smaller routing tables
B. summarization results in larger, more complex routing tables
C. summarization is easier on router cpu due to decreased number of routes to manage
D. summarization makes packets travel faster due to summarization compression routines

Answer: A, C
Explanation: Route summarization is the process of condensing a series of routing table entries
into a single entry that is maintained by the router. When you summarize, you compare a series
of addresses and try to determine which ones have the same "high order" bit pattern (also known
as significant bits). If you have a number of addresses with similar "high order" bit patterns, you
can represent them with a single routing table entry as opposed to listing them separately. An end
result of route summarization is that multiple "down stream" routes can be represented by a
single table entry.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 191 You are a technician at Contoso. The Contoso network is connected to
the internet via more than one ISP. Your newly appointed Contoso trainee wants to know
what this type of network is known as. What would your reply be?

A. multi-gnomed
B. mega-homed
C. multi-homed
D. maxi-homed

Answer: C
Explanation: If your company requires high availability to the internet you might consider having
more than one ISP provide your internet connectivity. This arrangement is referred to as being
"multi-homed". Many businesses that do a large amount of their business via "the net" utilize two
or more ISP in order to provide fault tolerance should one service provider experience difficulties.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 192 Which of the following routing protocols support VLSM?

A. EIGRP
B. IGRP
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C. OSPF
D. RIP version 1
E. RIP version 2

Answer: A, C, E
Explanation: EIGRP, RIP v.2 and OSPF are classless routing protocols, which means that they
are capable of including a specialized subnet mask in routing updates. Any protocol that carries a
subnet mask in updates is a candidate for supporting VLSM. IGRP and RIP v.1 are classful
routing protocols, which they are excluded from VLSM membership.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 193 You are a trainee technician at Contoso. The Contoso network
implements the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Your instructor tells you that BGP comes
in two flavors. He wants to what these two flavors are. What would your reply be? (Choose
all that apply.)

A. reliable gateway protocol (RGP)
B. interior gateway protocol (IGP)
C. silent gateway protocol (SGP)
D. exterior gateway protocol (EGP)

Answer: B, D
Explanation: BGP runs in either of two capacitates, as an IGP where it maintains routing tables
inside the AS and EGP in which it maintains routing tables between AS's.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 194 You are a network engineer at Contoso. Your newly appointed
Contoso trainee wants to know what command she should issue to view EIGRP entries in
the routing table. What would your reply be?

A. show ip eigrp current
B. show ip eigrp route recent
C. show current ip eigrp route
D. show ip eigrp route

Answer: D
Explanation: The "show ip eigrp route" command will show only the routing table entries that are
EIGRP relevant.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 195 With regard to BGP Prefix Lists, which of the following statements are
true?

A. prefix list sequence numbers by default start at 5 and increment by 5 as more are added
B. if a router matches a prefix list entry, processing of that list ceases
C. if a router matches a prefix list entry, processing of that list continues till another match is
made
D. the command "no ip prefix-list sequence-number" deletes the specified prefix list from memory

Answer: A, B
Explanation: BGP prefix lists function much in the same way as ACLs, but with a few differences.
Prefix lists allow increment updating, while ACLs do not. A router will cease processing a prefix
list once a match is made; ACLs get processed all the way to the end. If you do not specify a
BGP Prefix List sequence-numbering scheme, the list entries will increment by 5 as you enter
new statements.
Chapter: 4
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QUESTION NO: 196 You are a network engineer at Contoso. Your newly appointed
Contoso trainee wants to know what the term "feasible distance" means. What would your
reply be?

A. It is the distance from the web server to the mail server
B. It is the sum of the cost of the route from the next-hop to the next-hop
C. It is the distance from the firewall to the ISP
D. It is the distance from the next-hop router to the destination

Answer: D
DUAL algorithm calculates new paths to make sure that traffic gets to its intended destination. In
order to determine the "best" path to a destination network, costs between the source and
destination network need to be calculated. The distance between the local router and its next-hop
router is referred to as the "feasible distance".
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 197 What is the relevance of "priority" when dealing with DR/BDR
elections?

A. a priority of 1 means the router is eligible to become a DR
B. a priority of -1 means the router is eligible to become a DR
C. a priority of 0 means the router is ineligible to become a DR or BDR
D. DR/BDR elections run at regular intervals regardless of network topology status.

Answer: A, C
Explanation:
DR and BDR elections are handled as follows:
- Highest priority will become the DR
- Second Highest priority will become the BDR
- Only the malfunction of a DR or BDR will cause an election.
- A priority of "1" indicates eligibility to become a DR
- A priority of "0" indicates ineligibility to become a DR or BDR
Chapter: 4

Contoso trainee wants to know when the use of BGP would be appropriate. What would
your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. if the border router in your AS is behind your corporate firewall
B. if your AS is at the edge of another routing protocol's border
C. if your network is multi-homed to the internet
D. if you have a need to manage the traffic entering and exiting your autonomous system
E. if your AS is a transit area for packets destined for another ASs

Answer: C, D, E
Explanation: When to use BGP is a tough question.
The rule of thumb for when to use BGP usage is as follows:
1) if your network is multi-homed to the internet
2) if you have a need to manage the traffic entering and exiting your autonomous system
3) if your AS is a transit area for packets destined for another ASs
Chapter: 4

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Contoso trainee wants to know when the use of BGP would NOT be appropriate. What
would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)

A. if your network only has a single connection to the internet
B. if you have a low bandwidth link between ASs
C. if the selection of routes to outside ASs is not a high priority
D. if the AS connecting you to the internet charges by the packet
E. if the router connecting to your external AS is running IOS version 11.2 or earlier

Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: When not to use BGP is an even tougher question.
The rule of thumb for when NOT to use BGP usage is as follows:
1) if your network only has a single connection to the internet
2) if you have a low bandwidth link between ASs
3) if the selection of routes to outside ASs is not a high priority
Most of the choices for not to BGP relate to the fact that BGP can easily overwhelm an
underpowered link or
router. So you should only use BGP if your situation really warrants the configuration and
management that comes along with it.
Chapter: 4

QUESTION NO: 200 What attribute must all BGP implementations recognize?

A. customized
B. synchronized
C. well-known
D. well-adjusted
E. optional

Answer: C
Explanation: A BGP "well-known" attribute is one that must be recognized by all implementations
of BGP and must be included in every update message. There are other types of updates that
may or may not need to be included in the update messages.
The following BGP attributes are the most commonly known:
1) Well-known mandatory.
2) Well-known discretionary.
3) Optional transitive.
4) Optional non-transitive.
Chapter: 4

Note:
Section A contains 117 questions
Section B contains 200 questions.
The total number of questions is 317.
Each section starts with QUESTION NO :1. There are no missing questions

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