Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 75 views

    Immune Response Easy

    Uploaded by

    navin212
    The immune response involves several steps to recognize and destroy pathogens. First, phagocytes like macrophages recognize antigens on pathogens and engulf them. Helper T cells are then activated when they recognize antigens being displayed by phagocytes. Activated helper T cells stimulate killer T cells and B cells to respond. Killer T cells attack and kill infected cells, while B cells develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodies to disable pathogens and memory cells that provide future immunity. The immune response provides either active immunity through natural infection or vaccination, or passive immunity through maternal antibody transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Immune Response Easy

    Uploaded by

    navin212
    75 views3 pages
    The immune response involves several steps to recognize and destroy pathogens. First, phagocytes like macrophages recognize antigens on pathogens and engulf them. Helper T cells are then activated when they recognize antigens being displayed by phagocytes. Activated helper T cells stimulate killer T cells and B cells to respond. Killer T cells attack and kill infected cells, while B cells develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodies to disable pathogens and memory cells that provide future immunity. The immune response provides either active immunity through natural infection or vaccination, or passive immunity through maternal antibody transfer.

    Original Description:

    biology

    Original Title

    Immune Response easy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The immune response involves several steps to recognize and destroy pathogens. First, phagocytes like macrophages recognize antigens on pathogens and engulf them. Helper T cells are then activated when they recognize antigens being displayed by phagocytes. Activated helper T cells stimulate killer T cells and B cells to respond. Killer T cells attack and kill infected cells, while B cells develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodies to disable pathogens and memory cells that provide future immunity. The immune response provides either active immunity through natural infection or vaccination, or passive immunity through maternal antibody transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    75 views3 pages

    Immune Response Easy

    Uploaded by

    navin212
    The immune response involves several steps to recognize and destroy pathogens. First, phagocytes like macrophages recognize antigens on pathogens and engulf them. Helper T cells are then activated when they recognize antigens being displayed by phagocytes. Activated helper T cells stimulate killer T cells and B cells to respond. Killer T cells attack and kill infected cells, while B cells develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodies to disable pathogens and memory cells that provide future immunity. The immune response provides either active immunity through natural infection or vaccination, or passive immunity through maternal antibody transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Immune Response

    Steps your body takes to protect you from pathogens


    How does you body recognize pathogens?
    Antigens - substances that are foreign to the body usually proteins present
    on the surfaces of whole organisms (like bacteria or viruses) or on parts of
    organisms (like pollen)
    Your immune system recognizes antigens and responds to it.
    Steps of Response
    Steps of Response
    1. First on the scene are the phagocytes
    like macrophages.
    2. Then the immune system send in two
    different lymphocytes (white blood
    cells that defend the body against
    foreign substances)
    It is really important that lymphocytes
    recognize foreign substances. Their
    receptors are very SPECIFIC
    T-cells
    Two types Helper T cell and Killer T cell
    Helper T cells
    When phagocytes eat a pathogen, they display the antigens on their surface
    Helper T cells that recognize the specific antigen on the phagocytes are activated
    Activated Helper T cells divide and activate other cells (killer T cells and B cells)
    The Other T Cell
    Killer T cells
    Helper T cells can stimulate Killer T cells in
    response to a particular antigen
    Killer T cells attack infected body cells and kill
    them
    They release enzymes directly into pathogens
    causing them to lyse and die.
    B-Cells
    B-cells bind to
    antigens
    Then the B-cells are
    activated by helper
    T-cells and divide
    The cloned B-cells
    can develop into
    either Plasma Cells or
    Memory Cells
    Plasma Cells
    Produce antibodies
    that are released into
    the blood stream and
    tissue spaces
    Antibodies - Y-
    shaped proteins
    produced in reaction
    to antigens that react
    with and disable
    antigens
    Pathogens covered
    with antibodies are
    easier to attack and
    engulf
    Memory Cells
    B-cells that remain in the bloodstream armed and ready to respond if the same pathogen invades the body at a
    later time.
    They allow the body to respond to the second invasion rapidly usually without symptoms
    Two Types of Immunity
    Two Types of Immunity
    Passive
    Naturally antibodies are transferred from mother to child
    Through the placenta before the baby is born
    Through milk after birth
    Artificial Passive Immunity injecting antibodies from other animals/humans already immune to disease
    Snake venom
    Active
    Naturally antibodies are produced during an infection in response to antigens
    Artificially by vaccines
    Vaccines substance consisting of weakened, dead, or incomplete portions of pathogens/antigens that when
    injected cause an immune response
    Vaccines produce immunity because it prompts the body to act like it is infected

    You might also like