DEFINITIONS

First-aid in the workplace includes the provision of first-aid facilities, services

and personnel required for the initial treatment of persons suffering from injury
or illness at a workplace. It is the immediate treatment or care given to a victim
of
an accident or sudden illness before qualified health personnel attend to provide
treatment.

The aims of first aid are to:
Preserve life;
Prevent illness or injury from becoming worse;
Reduce pain;
Promote recovery; and
Care of unconscious.

First-aid facilities includes
first-aid box;
first-aid room; and
first-aid equipment, e.g. oxygen tanks and stretchers.

First-aid requirement means the requirements for first aid facilities, services
and personnel at a workplace;
First-aid services means any procedure or method associated with the provision
of first-aid at the workplace;

First-aider means a person who has successfully completed a first-aid course
and has been awarded with a certificate of proficiency in first-aid by an
institution listed in Appendix 1.

Risk means the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm.

Universal Precautions means a set of precautions designed to prevent
transmission of blood-borne pathogens when providing first aid or health care.








LEGAL PROVISION

-An employer has a duty to provide information, instruction, training and
supervision
about first aid facilities and services for employees

The Factories and Machinery Act 1967

Section 25 of the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139) and Regulation
38
of the Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations 1970
state the scope of responsibility of an occupier with regards to first-aid
provision.
The scope includes:
providing and maintaining a first-aid box or cupboard of such standard as
may be prescribed and ensuring the box is readily accessible at all times;

assigning the responsibility to upkeep a first-aid box or cupboard to a
responsible person, and for a factory with more than 20 person employed,
specifying that the responsible person should be proficient in first-aid
treatment; and
providing and maintaining a first-aid room in a factory where more than 150
person are employed.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Section 15(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514)
provides
that every employer and the self-employed person must ensure, so far as is
practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees. The
provision of first-aid facilities and first-aiders is in compliance with the welfare
component of this general duty of employers and self-employed persons.


Components Of First-Aid Facilities In Workplace
Major Components
There are three major components of workplace first-aid facilities:

first-aider
first-aid box/first aid room
first-aid equipment/manual

Factors to Consider
When deciding on the number of first-aiders, equipment and facilities for the
workplace, the following factors should be considered:

type of industry
number of workers
number of workshifts
physical layout of workplace
location of workplace and status of infra-structure in relation to the
nearest medical clinic or hospital

First-Aider
NUMBER REQUIRED



Shift Work
If there is a shift work schedule, there should be a sufficient number of
first-aiders for each shift based on guideline in paragraph above.

Work-Site With More Than One Employer
In a work-site (e.g. a construction site) where employees of different
employers are working together,Act 514 requires the principal employer to
provide and maintain safe systems of work which include provisions for
adequate and appropriate first-aid equipment, first-aid facilities and first-aid
personnel.
However, the relevant employers may make arrangement whereby one of
them agrees to provide adequate and appropriate first-aid equipment, facilities
and personnel to comply with the above guideline.The agreement should be
recorded in writing and a copy of the agreement should be kept by each
employer concerned.


Provision of Information About First-Aiders
An employer should display a notice, in a prominent place in the work-
site, of the names and locations of first-aiders. First-aiders should also be
provided with a form of identification (e.g. badge, arm band) for easy
recognition and spotting.

Selection
An employer may, from time to time, recruit or select suitable persons to
go for first-aid training. The employer should consider persons with the
following qualities to be trained in first-aid treatment:

mature and responsible
remain calm in emergency
free to leave their work immediately to respond to an emergency
physically fit


Training
Recognised Course
A person is considered as being trained if he successfully completes a
first-aid course conducted by an institution recognised by the Ministry of Health
and awarded with a certificate of proficiency in first-aid treatment at the end of
the course. Examples of training institutions providing this course and
recognised by Ministry of Health show in attachment 1.

The Neeed for Further Training
The need for further training may be necessary whenever change within
the workplace is likely to alter the hazards and thus the type of potential injuries
or occupational illnesses. First-aid certificates are usually valid for three (3)
years except for hazardous industries where the validity is for only one year. The
validity of some first-aid certificates may be subject to specific requirements, for
example :

refresher training;
evidence of proficiency in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Training Record

The employers should keep, for all his first-aiders, a written record of the
dates on which they obtained their first-aid certificates and the dates on which
they receive refresher training.

Responsibilities
Management of Casualty
The first-aider has an important role to play. In the management of an
injured worker or in a case of sudden collapse, he should:

assess the situation without endangering his own life;
identify the injuries or recognise the sudden collapse;
give immediate first-aid treatment, keeping in mind that a casualty may
have more than one injury;
for more than one casualty, recognise the priority of administration of
first-aid treatment to the more seriously injured
arrange without delay for the injured worker(s) to be sent to a doctor,
hospital or home,
according to the seriousness of his condition.
the first-aiders responsibility ends when the casualties are handed over to
the care of a doctor, nurse or other appropriate persons.

Maintenance of Treatment Record
A record of the casualty and treatment given by the first-aider should be
made. These record must be kept by the employer for a period of five years. A
record may include information on:

the immediate treatment;
details about the incident/accident including information about the work
process involved;
details about the injury or work-related illness;
any referral arrangements, for example, local medical service, ambulance
or hospital
subsequent casualty management.

Responsibilities for Maintenance of First-Aid Facilities
The first-aider is responsible for maintaining the first-aid box. He should
ensure that only first-aid equipment is kept inside the box. He should check
them periodically and ensure that the contents of the box are regularly
replenished.
However, it must be remembered that the absolute responsibility for
maintaining first-aid facilities lies with the employer. Hence, the employer must
ensure that the first-aider carries out his assigned responsibility.In workplaces
with less than 20 workers, the employer can assign this responsibility to one of
his supervisors.
The Safety and Health Committee at the workplace should periodically
review the first-aid facilities to ensure that the facilities are adequate at all times.
In places where a nurse registered with the Nursing Board of Malaysia is
employed, he or she should be responsible for the supervision of the first-aiders
and the responsibility for maintenance of the first aid faciliites.










First aid need and interest

First aid, the act of giving immediate treatment to people with injuries or
illnesses can help preserve life and promote recovery. For these reasons, you
should learn how to administer first aid promptly. But, what would this kind of
training do for you?
First, it gives you the ability to respond to emergencies such as natural disasters,
accidents, ingestion of hazardous substances, and health-related issues like heart
attacks. In any of these areas you can immediately provide relief until the
paramedics arrive.
Second, it enables you to learn the right methods of administering first aid. You
will be able to save a life regardless of the time and place. So long as you have
passed the course, then you can counter any life-threatening crisis that may
come your way at home, at work, or even in public places.
Finally, the knowledge you gain will be beneficial for you especially if the
emergency affects you or your loved ones directly. Remember that it only takes
six minutes before the brain dies due to lack of oxygen, which means that
immediate care should be given right away. With that said, you should start
training for first aid right away

First aid is usually meant for minor cuts and scrapes or is in reference to the first
response to any kind of medical emergency. Administering first aid quickly and
accurately in a traumatic injury situation can make the difference between life
and death. You never know when you may be called upon to act quickly on the
behalf of someone else. Many people take basic first aid courses so that they can
be better prepared for an emergency. People who care for the elderly or small
children should attend these classes.
Being on the spot and responding quickly and effectively when faced with an
emergency situation at work such as heart attacks, choking, drowning or
electrocution makes First Aiders the heroes.
For the accident victim, having someone nearby who is expertly trained to
administer basic first aid is not only a legal requirement for businesses of all
kinds and sizes; it also makes good community and commercial sense.
Accidents happen, and having trained staff on hand and a first aid kit means
enhanced safety for all.
First aid classes will teach you everything you need to know, resulting in official
certification when all is said and done. Whether you need to become certified in
emergency techniques as a part of your job, because youre about to become a
new parent or simply because youd like to be of assistance to others, you
should have no problem accomplishing your goal.







Tel : 09-7889126/7889344/7889641 Faks : 09-7888739
E-mail : ptkkb @ po.jaring.my



OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH 1
AW101
First aid

PREPARED BY:


MUHAMAD KHAIRUL HAKAM BIN ISMAIL

04DKA12F1021


LECTURER NAME:


PN. SYAHIRAH IZZATI BINTI ZAKARIA