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Lab 3 Report

This document describes an experiment to determine the hydrostatic force on a submerged planar surface. Water was added to a fish tank with a hinged door held closed by a hanging weight. The depth at which the door opened due to the hydrostatic force was measured for different weights. The experimental results were slightly higher than the theoretical model, likely due to friction in the system and low pressure around the door opening not accounted for in the model.

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DoniPrasetyo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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54 views

Lab 3 Report

This document describes an experiment to determine the hydrostatic force on a submerged planar surface. Water was added to a fish tank with a hinged door held closed by a hanging weight. The depth at which the door opened due to the hydrostatic force was measured for different weights. The experimental results were slightly higher than the theoretical model, likely due to friction in the system and low pressure around the door opening not accounted for in the model.

Uploaded by

DoniPrasetyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Hydrostatic Forces

By Jon den Hollander


EGR 365
Section 02
Dr. M. Sozen
5/27/2008
0
Abstract
!e "#r"o$e o% t!i$ la&oratory e'erci$e (a$ to deter)ine t!e %orce on a
$#&)er*ed "lanar $#r%ace ca#$ed &y a !ydro$tatic %l#id. +ater (a$ added to a %i$! tan,
!a-in* a !an*in* door &ein* !eld clo$ed &y a $trin* (it! a ten$ion ca#$ed &y a !an*in*
(ei*!t. +!en t!e de"t! o% t!e (ater e'ceeded a certain a)o#nt. t!e )o)ent on t!e door
ca#$ed &y t!e !ydro$tatic %orce o"ened t!e door. M#lti"le (ei*!t$ (ere te$ted and t!e
de"t! at (!ic! t!e door o"ened (a$ )ea$#red. !i$ (a$ co)"ared to a t!eoretically
deri-ed )odel o% t!e $y$te). !e co)"ari$on $!o(ed t!at t!e act#al de"t!$ (ere *reater
t!an t!e t!eoretical de"t!$ &y a""ro'i)ately t(o centi)eter$. !i$ )ay !a-e &een d#e to
%riction in t!e $y$te) (!ic! (a$ not ta,en into acco#nt. a$ (ell a$ a lo( "re$$#re aro#nd
t!e in$ide o% t!e door created &y (ater lea,in* t!ro#*! t!e $eal aro#nd t!e door. !e$e
co)"onent$ created a )o)ent o""o$in* t!e o"enin* )o)ent on t!e door. re$#ltin* in a
*reater de"t! o% (ater &ein* re/#ired to o"en t!e door.
Introduction / Background
!e "#r"o$e o% t!i$ la&oratory e'erci$e (a$ to e'"eri)entally deter)ine t!e
!ydro$tatic %orce on a $#&)er*ed "lanar $#r%ace and co)"are it to t!eoretically "redicted
-al#e$.
Hydro$tatic %orce$ act "er"endic#lar to t!e %ace$ t!at a %l#id co)e$ into contact
(it!. D#e to t!i$. t!e !ydro$tatic %orce ca#$ed &y t!e (ater in 0i*#re 1 (ill ca#$e a
)o)ent on t!e !in*ed door "#$!in* o#t(ard. !e (ei*!t. +. (ill create a ten$ion. .
(!ic! (ill create a )o)ent o""o$in* t!e )o)ent ca#$ed &y t!e !ydro$tatic %orce.
+!en t!e )o)ent ca#$ed &y t!e %allin* (ei*!t and t!e (ei*!t o% t!e door. )*. i$
e'ceeded &y t!e )o)ent ca#$ed &y t!e (ater. t!e door (ill o"en. relea$in* t!e (ater into
t!e re$t o% t!e %i$! tan,.
1
0i*#re 12 3""arat#$ #$ed to $t#dy t!e e%%ect$ o% !ydro$tatic "re$$#re on a $#&)er*ed
$#r%ace
3$$#)in* t!at t!e "#lley t!e (ei*!t !an*$ o-er i$ %rictionle$$. t!e )o)ent ca#$ed
&y t!e %allin* (ei*!t can &e calc#lated a$
( )
2
sin RW M
W

Si)ilarly. t!e )o)ent ca#$ed &y t!e (ei*!t o% t!e door. a$$#)in* a #ni%or)
den$ity t!ro#*!o#t t!e door. can &e calc#lated a$
( )
1
sin ' 5 . 0 mg L M
mg

2
W
d
T

2
R
L
L

1
Water
mg
s
d
F
(1)
(2)
a,in* t!e $#) o% t!e$e t(o )o)ent$. t!e total )o)ent actin* to clo$e t!e door i$
*i-en &y
( ) ( )
1 2 sin
sin ' 5 . 0 sin mg L RW M
g clo
+
!e )o)ent ca#$ed &y t!e (ater can &e deter)ined &y inte*ratin* t!e "re$$#re
o-er t!e area o% t!e door co-ered &y t!e (ater2

dF r M
open
(!ere d0 i$ t!e %orce d#e to "re$$#re actin* "er"endic#lar to t!e door and r i$ t!e di$tance
%ro) t!e !in*e. !e di$tance r and t!e %orce. d0. can &e e'"re$$ed in ter)$ o% $. t!e
di$tance alon* t!e door %ro) t!e &otto) o% t!e door o"enin*.
( ) ( )
ds w dA
s d g p
dA p dF
s L r


1
cos
) (

(!ere ( i$ t!e (idt! o% t!e door (!ic! i$ in contact (it! t!e (ater. S#&$tit#tin* t!e$e
into t!e e/#ation %or t!e )o)ent.
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

,
_


1
]
1

1
2
1
2
cos /
0
1
2
1
3
cos /
0
1
cos 3 cos
5 . 0
cos
2 3
cos
cos
1
1

d L
d gw M
dLs L
s s
gw M
ds s d s L gw M
open
d
open
d
open
By e/#atin* Mo"en and Mclo$in* t!e (ei*!t re/#ired to &alance t!e (ater %or a *i-en de"t!
o% (ater can &e calc#lated.
3
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1 2
sin cos
3
cos cos sin ' ) 5 . 0 (
cos 3 cos
5 . 0 sin ' 5 . 0 sin




R
w d
w L d L m g
W
d L
d gw mg L RW

,
_

,
_

+
!i$ can &e $ol-ed %or t!e )a$$ o% t!e (ei*!t &y di-idin* &ot! $ide$ &y *.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
sin cos
3
cos cos sin ' ) 5 . 0 (


R
w d
w L d L m
m
weight

,
_

4$in* t!i$ relation$!i". a t!eoretical )odel can &e de-elo"ed %or t!e &e!a-ior o% t!e
$y$te) (!ic! can &e co)"ared to act#al e'"eri)ental re$#lt$.
Procedure
o "er%or) t!i$ e'"eri)ent. )ea$#re)ent$ (ere ta,en o% all /#antitie$ %ro)
0i*#re 1 (!ic! (ere not *i-en. 3 (ei*!t (a$ t!en $elected and !#n* %ro) t!e $trin*. and
(ater (a$ allo(ed to %lo( into t!e %i$! tan, on t!e le%t $ide. !e de"t!. d. (a$ recorded
(!en t!e de"t! (a$ $#%%icient to o"en t!e door. !i$ (a$ re"eated %or $e-eral di%%erent
(ei*!t$.
Results
!e /#antitie$ *i-en and )ea$#red &a$ed on 0i*#re 1 are $!o(n in a&le 1.
Mea$#re)ent$ (ere ta,en o% t!e de"t! t!e (ater reac!ed &e%ore t!e door o"ened %or
-ario#$ (ei*!t$. !e$e are di$"layed in a&le 2.
4
(7)
(8)
a&le 12 Mea$#red and *i-en -al#e$ o% len*t!$. (ei*!t$. and an*le$
Given
56 0.165 m
5 0.143 m
( 0.104 m
) 0.1495 kg
71 0.157 rad
Measured
R 0.114 m
72 0.611 rad
a&le 22 Mea$#red (ater de"t! &a$ed on a !an*in* )a$$
Mass (g)
Depth (m)
+/- 0.0005
20 0.043
50 0.047
200 0.063
400 0.086
500 0.093
S#&$tit#tin* -al#e$ into E/#ation 889. a relation$!i" i$ e$ta&li$!ed a$ $!o(n in t!e
$a)"le calc#lation &elo( (!ic! can &e *ra"!ed.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 611 . 0 sin 157 . 0 cos 114 . 0
3
104 . 0 999
104 . 0 cos 999 143 . 0 157 . 0 cos 157 . 0 sin 165 . 0 1495 . 0 ) 5 . 0 (
2
3
3
1
3
2 2
m
m
m
kg
d
m
m
kg
m d m kg
m
weight

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

kg d
m
kg
d
m
kg
m
weight
02951 . 0 024 . 115 5 . 271
2
2
3
3
+
0i*#re 2 $!o($ t!e t!eoretical and act#al de"t! o% t!e (ater &a$ed on t!e )a$$ o%
t!e (ei*!t !#n* %ro) t!e $trin* attac!ed to t!e door.
5
0i*#re 22 :lot o% )ea$#red and t!eoretical -al#e$ o% de"t! -$. )a$$ o% (ei*!t
!e e'"eri)ental error &et(een t!e act#al and t!eoretical -al#e$ can &e
calc#lated a$
l Theoretica
actual l Theoretica
Error

4$in* E/#ation 8;9. t!e e'"eri)ental error &et(een )ea$#red and act#al -al#e$
(a$ calc#lated. !i$ i$ $!o(n in a&le 3.
a&le 32 !eoretical and act#al -al#e$ o% de"t! %or a *i-en )a$$. and di$cre"ancie$
&et(een t!e)
Mass (kg)
Depth (m) +/-
0.001
Theoretica Depth
(m)
Discrepanc!
(m)
"#perimenta
"rror
0.0200 0.043 0.0213 0.0217 1.02
0.0500 0.047 0.0272 0.0198 0.73
0.2000 0.063 0.0474 0.0156 0.33
0.4000 0.086 0.0666 0.0194 0.29
0.5000 0.093 0.0748 0.0182 0.24
$verage% 0.0189 0.52
6
(9)
Interpretation and Conclusion
!e data collected a""ear$ to %ollo( a trend $i)ilar to t!e t!eoretically deri-ed
e/#ation. Ho(e-er. t!e act#al data a""ear$ to &e $!i%ted a""ro'i)ately 0.02) a&o-e t!e
t!eoretical )odel. !i$ )ay &e "artially t!e re$#lt o% t!e %riction in t!e !in*e$ and t!e
"#lley. (!ic! (a$ not ta,en into acco#nt. !i$ %riction (o#ld increa$e t!e clo$in*
)o)ent. re/#irin* t!e o"enin* )o)ent to &e lar*er to o"en t!e door. o )a,e t!e
o"enin* )o)ent lar*er. t!e de"t! o% (ater (o#ld !a-e to increa$e al$o.
3not!er contri&#tin* %actor to t!e act#al de"t! &ein* !i*!er t!an t!e t!eoretical i$
t!at (ater (a$ con$tantly lea,in* aro#nd t!e $eal on t!e door. !i$ -elocity o% t!e (ater
created a lo(er "re$$#re aro#nd t!e $eal. increa$in* t!e clo$in* )o)ent on t!e door. and
a*ain re/#irin* a *reater de"t! o% (ater to o"en t!e door.
!e t!eoretical )odel $!o(ed t!at t!e relation$!i" &et(een t!e )a$$ o% t!e
(ei*!t and t!e de"t! o% t!e (ater i$ a c#&ic one. !i$ i$ a lo*ical concl#$ion. $ince a$ t!e
(ater de"t! increa$e$. t!e -ol#)e o% (ater 8a c#&ic -al#e9 i$ increa$in*. and it i$ t!i$
-ol#)e (!ic! i$ a""lyin* t!e "re$$#re o-er t!e area.
7

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