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    Phylum Porifera

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    yashsodhani
    1. The document discusses the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest multicellular organisms with a cellular organization and lack true tissues. 2. There are approximately 5,000 known species of sponges. They are aquatic, sedentary, asymmetrical organisms that live in water and filter feed using pores and chambers. 3. Sponges have three main classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongia - which differ in their skeleton composition and structure. Glass sponges like Hyalonema are hexactinellids.

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    Phylum Porifera

    Uploaded by

    yashsodhani
    262 views2 pages
    1. The document discusses the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest multicellular organisms with a cellular organization and lack true tissues. 2. There are approximately 5,000 known species of sponges. They are aquatic, sedentary, asymmetrical organisms that live in water and filter feed using pores and chambers. 3. Sponges have three main classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongia - which differ in their skeleton composition and structure. Glass sponges like Hyalonema are hexactinellids.

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    1. The document discusses the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest multicellular organisms with a cellular organization and lack true tissues. 2. There are approximately 5,000 known species of sponges. They are aquatic, sedentary, asymmetrical organisms that live in water and filter feed using pores and chambers. 3. Sponges have three main classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongia - which differ in their skeleton composition and structure. Glass sponges like Hyalonema are hexactinellids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    262 views2 pages

    Phylum Porifera

    Uploaded by

    yashsodhani
    1. The document discusses the phylum Porifera, which includes sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest multicellular organisms with a cellular organization and lack true tissues. 2. There are approximately 5,000 known species of sponges. They are aquatic, sedentary, asymmetrical organisms that live in water and filter feed using pores and chambers. 3. Sponges have three main classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongia - which differ in their skeleton composition and structure. Glass sponges like Hyalonema are hexactinellids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Hyalonema

    1.4 Phylum Porifera.


    (i) Introduction : Lowest multicellular animals or metazoans without true tissues, i.e.,
    at Cellular level of body organization. Familiar as sponges, these animals are well-known
    for their ability to absorb and withhold fluids. The word Porifera means pore bearers (Gr.,
    porus = pore; ferre = to bear); Their body wall has numerous minute pores, called ostia,
    through which a continuous current of outside water is drawn into the body. About 5,000
    species are known.
    (ii) Brief History : Robert Grant (1825) finally proved that sponges are animals, and
    coined the name Porifera for these. Schulze (1878), Butschli (1884), Sollas (1884) and
    Delage (1898) separated sponges from other metazoans on basis of embryological studies,
    and suggested a separate group, Parazoa for these.
    (iii) Salient features : Phylum porifera has the following salient features :
    (1) All the sponges are Aquatic, Sedentary, Asymmetrical or Radially, First
    multicellular organisms and have cellular grade of organization.
    (2) They are diploblastic. Ectoderm is formed by pinachocyte and endoderm is formed
    by choanocyte. Both layers are called pinachoderm and choandoderm.
    (3) The body is perforated by numerous minute pores called ostia.
    (4) The ostia open into a large cavity called spongocoel.
    (5) The spongocoel opens to the outside by a large opening called osculum.
    (6) The sponges possess an endoskeleton in the form of calcareous spicules.
    (7) Excretion and respiration occur by diffusion.
    (8) They have greater power of regeneration.
    (9) Reproduction takes place by asexual or sexual methods.
    (10) Development is indirect or direct. The common larval are parenchymula,
    amphiblastula, etc.
    (a) Class 1. Calcarea
    (1) Skeleton is formed of Calcareous spicules.
    (2) Radially symmetrical.
    (3) Choanocyte cells are large and conspicuous
    Examples : Clathrina, Leucosolenia, Sycon, etc.,
    Euplectela is the sponge which is given as a Gift in Japan.
    Leucosolenia is a smallest sponge.
    Ectorderm is formed by pinachocyte and endoderm is
    formed by choanocyte. Both layer is called pinachoderm and
    choanoderm.
    (b) Class 2. Hexactinellida
    (1) Skeleton is formed of six rayed triaxon, silicious spicules,
    (2) Canal system is branched or unbranched.
    (3) Radially symmetrical.
    (4) These are also known as glass sponges.
    Examples : Pheronema, Hyalonema, etc.,
    Hylonema is a Glass rope sponge.
    (c) Class 3. Demospongia
    (1) Skeleton either absent or present. When present it is either formed of spongin fibres
    or combination of spongin fibres and silicious spicules.
    (2) The silicious spicules when present are never six rayed
    (3) The canal system is complicated Rhagon type
    (4) These sponges are of great economic importance
    Euspongia
    Sycon
    Examples : Cliona, Spongilla, Chalina, Euspongia, Hippospongia, Oscarella, etc.,
    Spongilla is a fresh water sponge.

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