Table I CumulativeBinomial Probabilities

p: probability of successin a single tial; n:

successesin n independenttrials.That is

number of trials. The table gives the probability of obtaining r or more

Z(.)o.tr-P)'-'
Whenthere is no entry for a particular pair of valuesof r andp, this indicatesthat tlre appropriateprobability is less
than 0.00005. Similarly,exceptfor the caser = 0, whenthe entry.is exact,a tabulatedvalueof 1.0000represents
a
probabilitygreaterthan0.99995.
p:
n=2

0,01

r =0
I
L

n:5

r :0
I
2
a
.f

0.02

1.0000 1000 0
.0199 .0396
.0001 .0004

0.03

r :0
I
2
3

0.05

I
2
)
4
a

r :0
I
2
a
J

4
5
6
7
8
9

t0
lt
t2
l3
l4

0.09

1.0000 1.0000
.0956 .1829
.0043 .0162
.0001 .0009

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.3352 .4013 .46t4
.5160 .5656 .6106
.0582 .0861 .t176
.1517
.1879
.2254
.0062 . 0 1 1 5 . 0 1 8 8 .0283
0401
.0540
.0004 .0010 .0020 .0036 .0058 .0088

1.0000
.2626
.0345
.0028
.0001

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.2262 .2661
.3043
.3409
.3760
.0226 .0319 .0425 .0s44
.0674
.0012 .0020 .0031 .0045 .0063
.0001 .0001 .0002 .0003

.0002
1.0000
.1821
.0169
.0010

1.0000
.3324
.059 9
.0071
.0006

5
6
7
8
n: 50

0.08

1.0000
. 18 4 6
.0148
.0006

5
6
r :0

0.07

1.0000 1,0000 1.0000

.0490 .096 1
.1413
.0010 .0038
.0085
.0001 . .0003

n= 20

0.06

1 . 0 0 0 0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.0591
.0784 .0975 .1164
. 1 3 5 1 . 1 5 3 6 .17t9
.0009
. 0 0 1 6 .0025 .0036
.0049 .0064
.0081

4
n: l0

0.04

1.0000
.4562
.l 198
.0210
.0027

1.0000
.5580
.1897
.0439
.0074

.0003

.0010
.0001

1.0000
.3950
.0894
.0138
.0016

1.0000
.6358
.2642
.0784
.0178

1.0000
.7819
.4447
..1892
.0628

.0001

.0032
.0005
.0001

.0168
.0037
.0007
.0001

.0006

.0010
.0001

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000. 1.0000 1.0000

.6415 .7099 .7658 .8113
.8484
.2642 . 3 3 9 5 . 4 1 3 1 . 4 8 3 1 . 5 4 8 4
.0755 . 11 5 0
.1610
.212r
.266,6
. 0 1 5 9 .0290
.047t
.a706
.0993
.0056
.0009
.0001

.0107
.0019
.0003

.0183
.0038
.0006
.0001

.0290
.0068
.0013
.0002

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 L0000

.8701 .9231 .9547
.9734 .9845
.5995 .7206 . 8 1 0 0 .8735 .9t73
.3233 .4595 . 5 8 3 8 .6892
.7740
.l3 9 l
.2396 .3527
.4673
.5747

1.0000
.9910
.9468
.8395
.6697

.0490
.0144
.0036
.0008
.0001

.1036
.0378
. 0 1 l8
.0032
.0008
.0002

-\e-

.0003

.1794
.0776
.0289
.0094
.0027

.2710
.1350
.0583
.0220
.0073

.3710
.2081
.1019
.0438
.0t67

.4723
.2928
.1596
0768
.0328

.0022
.0006
.0001

.0056
.0017
.0005
.0001

.0125
.0043
.0013
.0004
.0001

Tabte I CumulativeBinomial Probabilities- continued

0.04

0.02

0.03

1.0000
.6340
.2642
.0'194
.0184

1.0000
.8674
.s967
.3233
.1410

.0034
.0005
.0001

.0508
.0155
.0041
.0009
.0002

1.0000 1.0000
.9831
.9524
.9128
.8054
.7679
.5802
.3528 .5705
.1s21 .3711
.0808 .2116
.1064
.0312
.0475
.0106
.0190
.0032

0.01

rn :

0.0s

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

n=100

r:0
I
2
J

4
J

6
1
8
9

0009
0002

l0
1l
l2
13
l4

.0068
.0022
.0007
.0002

15
l6
I'7
l8
19

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.99',79 .9993
.994r
.9848 .9940
.9629
.8817 .9434 .9742
.8570 .9256
.7422
.5640 .7232 .8368
.5593 .7086
.3840
.3936 .s557
.2340
.2517 .4012
.1280
.1463 .2660
.0631

n=2

r:0

.1620
.0908
.0469
.0224
.0099

.2780
.1757
.1028
.0559
.0282

.4125
.2882
.1876
.1138
.0645

.0001

.0009
.0003
.0001

.0041
.0016
.0006
.0002
.0001

.0133
.0058
.0024
.0009
.0003

.0341
.0169
.0078
.0034
.0014

.0001

.0005
.0002
.0001

n:5

r:0

0.40

1.0000
.1900
.0100

1.0000
.2775
.0225

1.0000
.3600
.0400

1.0000
.4095
.0815
.0086
.0005

1.0000
.5563
.1648
.0266
.0022

1.0000
.6723
.2627
.0579
.006'l

.0001

.0003

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.5775 .6400
.43'7s .5100
.1600
.t225
.0625 .0900
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.8840 .9222
.7627 .8319
.3612 .4',118 .5716 .6630
.2352 .31'74
.1035 .1631
.0540 .0870
.0156 .0308
.0053 .0102
.0010 .0024

1.0000
.6513
.2639
.0702
.0128

1.0000
.8031
.4557
.1798
.0500

1.0000
.8926
.6242
.3222
.1209

.0016
.0001

.0099
.0014
.0001

.0328
.0064
.0009
.0001

.0781
.0t9'l
.0035
.0004

.1503
.0473
.0106
.0016
.0001

I
2
3
4

1.0000
.8784
.6083
.3231
.1330

1.0000
.9612
.8244
.s951
.T23

\\
L0q0o
.9885
.9308
.7939
.5886

1.0000
.9968
.9',751
.9087
.7148

1.0000
.9992
.9924
.9645
.8929

5
6
7
8
9

.0432
.0113
.0024
.0004
.0001

.t702
.06'73
.0219
.0059
.0013

.3704
.1958
.0867
.0321
.0100

.5852
.3828
.2142
.1018
.0409

.0002

.0026
.0006
.0001

.0139
.0039
.0009
.0002

I
J

5
:0
r
I
2
3
4
5
6
'7
8
9
l0

n:20

0.35

0.25

a
L

n = l0

0.30

0.20

I
2

r:0

l0
ll
t2
13
l4

1.0000 1.0000
.9437 .9718
.7560 .8507
.4744 .6172
.2241 .3504

5
3

0.45

0.50

1.0000 1.0000
.697s .7500
.202s .2500
1.0000' 1.0000
.949',7 .9688
.',7438 .8125
.5000
.4069
.1875
.1312
.0185

.0313

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.9990
.991s
.9865 .9940
.9"767 .9893
.9140 .9s36
.9453
.832',7 .9004
1384
.8281
.4862 .617',7 .7430
.6230
.4956
.2485 .3669
.3',770
.2616
.0949 .1662
.1719
.1020
.0260 .0548
.0547
.0274
.0048 .0123
.0107
.0045
.0005 .0017
.0010
.0003
.0001

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.9998 1.0000 1.0000
.9999
.9979 .9995
.9991
.9879 .9964
.9951
.9556 .9840
.9811
.8818 .9490
.7625
.9447
.7546 . .8744
.5836
.5834 {--.7500r .8701
.3920
.7480
.227',1 .3990 .5841
.58s7
.2376 .4044
.1133
.2447
.4086
. l2l8
.0480
.2493
.0532 .t275
.0171
.1308
.0196 .0565
.0051
.0580
.0060 .0210
.0013
.0214
.0003
.001s .0065

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998
.9987

.0064
.0015
.0003

.0207
.0059
.0013
.0002

.0003

15
l6
t'l
18

.9526
.8955
.8060
.68',72
.5506

.0775
.03',16
.0168
.0069
.0026

0.15

0.10

.9097
.8201
.6968
.5s29
.4074

.0282
.0115
.0043
.0015
.0005

20
2l
22
n=
r

1.0000 1.0000
.9999
.9998
.999r
.9977
.99s2
.9887
.9827
.9633

.0016
.0003

.9941
.9793
.9423
.8684
.7483
.s881
.4119
.2517
.1316
.0577

Table I Cumulative Binomial Probabilites- continued

0.l0
n: 50

0.15

r : 0 1.0000 1.0000
.9997
I .9948
2 .9662
.9971
3 .8883
.9858
4 .7497
.9540

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.45

0.40

L0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.9998 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.9999 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.9987
.9943
.9995 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

0.50

1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000
l 0000 1.0000

5
6
'7
8
9

.5688
.3839
.2298
.1221
.0579

.8879
.7806
.6387
.48t2
.3319

.9815
.9520
.8966
.8096
.6927

.9979
.9930
.9806
.9s47
.9084

.9998
.9993
.9975
.9927
.9817

l0
11
tz
13
t4

.0245
.0094
.0032
.0010
.0003

.2089
.1199
.0628
.0301
.0132

.5563
.4164
.2893
. l86l
.1106

.8363
.7378
.6184
.4890
.3630

.9598
.9211
.8610
.7771
.6721

.9933
.9840
.9658
.9339
.8837

.9992
.9978
.9943
.986',7
.9720

.9999
.9998
.9994
.9982
.9955

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998
.9995

15
l6
l'7
l8
19

.0001

.0053
.0019
.0007
.0002
.0001

.(r60'7
.0308
.0t44
.0063
.0025

.2519
.163l
.0983
.0551
.0287

.5532
.4308
.3161
.2t78
.t406

.8t22
.7t99
.61II
.4940
.3784

.9460
.9045
.8439
.7631
.6644

.9896
.9780
.9573
.9235
.8727

.9987
.9967
.9923
.9836
.967s

.0009
.0003
.0001

.0139
.0063
.0026
.0010
.0004

.0848
.0478
.0251
.0123
.00s6

.2736
.1861
.1187
.0710
.0396

.5535
.4390
.3299
.2340
.1562

.8026
.7138
.6100
.4981
.3866'

.9405
.8987
.8389
.7601
.6641

.0001

.0024
.0009
.0003
.0001

.0207
.0100
.0045
.0019
.0007

.0978
.0573
.0314
.0160
.0076

.2840
.1966
.1279
.0780
.0444

.5561
.4439
.3359
.2399
.1611

.0003
.0001

.0034
.0014
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0235
.0116
.0053
.0022
.0009

.1013
.0595
.032s
.0164
.007-l

.0003
.0001

.0033
.0013
.0005
.0002

20
2l
22
23
24
25
26
2',7
28
29
30
3l

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.9999 1.0000 1.0000
.9998 1.0000 L0000
.9992 .9999 1.0000
.9975 .9998 1.0000

JZ
JJ

34
35
36
)I

38

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

Table I gives binomial probabilities only for a limited range of values of r and p since, in practice, either the more compact
tabulationof the Poissondistribution (Table 2) or that of the Normal distribution (Table 3) can usually be used to give an
adequateapproximation.
working rule:
As a reasonable
usethe Poissonapproximationlfp < 0.1, puttingm: np
(ii) usethe Normal approximationif 0.1 < p < 0.9 andnp > 5, putting p : np and o:
(0

"dt-

p)

(iii) use the Poisson approxirnationtf p > 0.9, putting m : n(l - p) and working in terms of 'failures'.
Note'.Forvaluesofp>0.5,workintermsof'failures'whichwillhaveprobability

q(:l-p).

Example: What is the probability that 40 or more seedswill germinate out of 50 if the germination rate is 70olo?Since the
probability of 'success' is greater than 0.5, the table can not be used directly however, 40 or more successesis the same as 10 or
fewer'failures'.Theprobabilityof l0orfewer'failures': I -probabilityof ll ormore'failures': I -0.9211:0.0789.

6.

Table I cumulative BinomialProbabilities- continued

n = 100

0 .1 0

0 .l 5

0.20

0.25

1.0000
1.0000
.9997
.9 9 8 1
.9922

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.9763
.9424
.8828
.7939
.6791

.9996
.9984
.99s3
.9878
.9725

1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9997
.9 9 91

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

14

.5487
.4 1 6 8
.2970
.1982
.1239

.9449
.9006
.8 3 6 5
.7527
.6526

.9977
.9943
.9874
.9747
.9 5 3 1

1.0000
.9999
.9996
.9990
.9975

15
16
t7
l8
l9

.0726
.0399
.0206
.0 1 0 0
.0046

.5428
.4317
.3275
.2367
.1628

.9 1 9 6
.8 7 1 5
.8077
.7288
.6379

20
21
22
,/--)
24

.0020
.0008
.0003
.0001

.1 0 6 5
.0663
.0393
.0221
.0 11 9

r=0
I
a

-)

.+

5
t)

7
8
o

10
11
1a
IJ

25
zo

27
28
29
30
31
5Z
JJ

J4

35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
)t

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
6l
62
63
64
65
66
o/

68
69

L-

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

0.50

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9999

1.0000
1,0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.9946
.9889
.9789
.9624
.9370

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9998
.9996
.9990
.9978
.9955

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.5 3 98
.4405
.3460
.2611
.1 8 91

.9005
.8512
.7886
.7136
.6289

.9911
.9835
.9712
.9521
.9245

.9997
.9992
.9983
.9966
.9934

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9997

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.0061
.0030
.0 0 1 4
.0006
.0003

.1314
.0875
.0 5 5 8
.0342
.0200

.5383
.4465
.3583
.2776
.2075

.8864
.8369
.7756
.7036
.6232

.9879
.9789
.9649
.9442
.91s2

.9994
.9988
.9976
.9954
.9916

1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9998
.9996

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.0001

.0112
.0061
.0031
.0 0 1 6
.0007

.1495
.1038
.0693
.0446
.0276

.5377
.4509
.3669
.2893
.2207

.8764
.8270
.7669
.6971
.6197

.9852
.9752
.9602
.9385
.9087

.9992
1.0000
.9985 . 1. 0000
.9970
.9999
.9945
.9998
.9902
.9996

.0003
.0001
.0 0 01

.0164
.0094
.0052
.0027
.0014

.1629
.1161
.0799
.0530
.0340

.5376
.4542
.3731
.2976
.2301

.8697
.8205
.7614
.6932
.6178

.9834
.9728
.9571
.9349
.9049

.9991
.9982
.9967
.9940
.9895

.0007
.0003
.0001
.0001

.0210
.0125
.0072
.0040
.0021

.1724
.1250
.0877
.0594
.0389

.s379
.4567
.3775
.3033
.2365

.8657
.8169
.7585
.6913
.6172

.9824
.9 716
.9 s57
.9334
.9033

.0011
.0005
.0003
.0001
.0001

.0246
.0150
.0088
.0050
.0027

.1789
.1311
.0930
.0638
.0423

.5387
.4587
.3804
.3069
.2404

.8644
.8 159
.7579
.6914
.6178

.0015
.0007
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0271
.0168
.0100
.0058
.0032

.1827
.1346
.0960
.0662
.044t

.5398
.4602
.3822
.3086
.2421

.0017
.0009
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0284
.0176
.0106
.0061
.0034

.1841
.1 355
.0967
.0666
.0443

.0018
.0009
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0284
.0176
.0 105
.0060
.0033

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.0018
.0009
.0004
.0002
.0001

Table 2 Cumulative PoissonProbabilities

The table gives the probability that r or more random events are contained in an interval when the average number of
such eventsper interval is rz, i.e.

>e --m'
r!
-t*

Where there is no entry for a particular pair of values of r and ra, this indicates that the appropriate probability is less
than 0.000 05. Sirnilarly, except for the case,': 0 when the entry is exact, a tabulated value of 1.0000 representsa
probability greaterthan 0.999 95.

0.t
r :0
I
2
3
4

02

0 .3

r.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.a9s2 .1813 .2592
.0047 .0175 .0369
.0036
.0002 .001I
.0001 .0003

5
6
7

l.l

m=

r =0
I

z
i

4
5
6
n

1.2

I .0000 1.0000 1.0000

.6988 .7275
.667r
.3010 .3374 .3732
.0996 .1205 .t429
.0257 .0338 .0431
0054
.0010
.0001

.0077
.0015
.0003

.0107
.0022
.0004
.0001

2.1

2 .2

2.3

8
9

r=0
|
2
3
4

1.3

1.0000 1.0000 1.000 0

.8775 .8892 .8997
.6204 .6454 .6691
.3504 .3773 .4040
.2007
.1614 . t806

0.4

0.5

1.0000 1:0000
.3297 .3935
.0616 .0902
.0079 .0144
.0008 ..0018

0.6

0.7

0.8

r.0000 1.0000 1.0000

.4512 .5034 .5507
.1219 .1558 .t9t2
.0341 .0474
.023t
.0034 .0058 .0091

.0001

.0002

.0004

.0008
.0001

.0014
.0002

r .4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.0000 1.0000
.7534 .7769
.4422
.4082
. 1 6 6 5 . r9 t 2
.0s37 .0656
.0143
.0032
.0006
.0001 .

2.4

1.0

1.0000 1 . 0 0 0 0
.5934 .632r
.2275 .2642
.0803
.0629
.0135 .0190
.0023
.0003

1.9

.0037
.0006
.0001

2.0

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0 0 0 0 t.0000

.8647
.8504
. 7 9 8 r . 8 1 7 3 .8347'
.5940
.4751 .s068 . 5 3 7 2 .5663
.3233
.2963
.2166 .2428 .2694
.1429
.1253
.0932
.
1
0
8
7
.0788

. 0 r8 6
.0045
.0009
.0002

.0237
.0060
.0013
.0003

.0296
.0080
.0019
.0004
.0001

.0364
.0104
.0026
.0006
.0001

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

1.0000 t . 0 0 0 0
.9093 .9t79
.6916 . 7 t 2 7
.4562
.4303
.2424
.2213

0.9

.0441
0132
.0034
.0008
.0002

2.9

.0527
.0166
.0045
.001.1
.0002

3.0

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1 . 0 0 0 0 1.0000

.9502
.9450
.9257 .9328 .9392
.8009
.7854
.7326 .7513 .7689
.5768
. 4 8 1 6 .5064 .5305 . 5 5 4 0
.3528
.2640
.2859 .3081 .3304

5
6
7
8
9

.0621
.0204
.0059
.00l-5
.0003

.0725
.0249
.0075
.0020
.0005

.0838
.0300
.0094
.0026
.0006

.0959
.0357
. 0 1 l6
.0033
.0009

.1088
.0420
.0142
.0047
.001I

.t226
.0490
.0172
.0053
.0015

.1371
.0567
.0206
.0066
.0019

.1s23
.0651
.0744
.0081
.0024

.1682
.0742
.0287
.0099
.0031

.1847
.0839
.0335
.01l9
.0038

l0
II
t2

.0001

.0001

.0001

.0002

.0003
.0001

0004
.0001

.0005
.0001

.0007
.0002

.0009
.0002
.0001

.001I
.0003
.0001

Table 2 CumulativePoissonProbabilities- continued

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.O

r=0
I
2
3
4

1.0000
.9550
.8153
.5988
.3752

1.0000
.9592
.8288
.620r
.3975

1.0000
.9631
.8414
.6406
.4197

1.0000
.9666
.8s32
.6603
.4416

1.0000
.9698
.8641
.6792
.4634

1.0000
.9727
.8743
.6973
..4848

t.0000
.9753
.8838
.7t46
.5058

1.0000
.9776
.8926
.73t1
.5265

1.0000
.9798
.9008
.7469
.5468

1.0000
.9817
.9084
.76L9
.5665

5
6
7
8
9

.2018
.0943
.0388
.0t42
.0047

.2194
.1054
.0446
.0168
.0057

.2374
.1171
.0510
.0198
.0069

.2558
.1295
.0579
.0231
.0083

.2746
.1424
.0653
.0267
.0099

.2936
.1559
.0733
.0308
.0117

.3128
.1699
.0818
.0352
.0137

.3322
.1844
.0909
.0401
.0160

.3516
.1994
.1005
.0454
.0185

.3712
.2149
.1107
.0511
.0214

l0
ll
t2
l3
l4

.0014
.0004
.0001

0018
0005
0001

.0022
.0006
.0002

.0027
.0008
.0002
0001

.0033
.0010
.0003
.0001

.0040
.0013
.0004
.0001

.0048
.0016
.0005
.0001

.0058
.0019
.0006
.0002

.0069
.0023
.0007
.0002
.0001

.0081
.0028
.0009
.0003
.0001

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

5.0

r.0000
.9834
.915s
.7762
.5858

1.0000
.9850
.9220
.7898
.6046

1.0000
.9864
.928r
.8026
.6228

1.0000
.9877
.9337
.8149
.6406

1.0000
.9889
.9389
.8264
.6577

1.0000
.9899
.9437
.8374
.6743

r.0000
.9909
,9482
.8477
.6903

1.0000
.9918
.9523
.8575
.7058

1.0000
.9926
.9561
.8667
.7207

1.0000
.9933
.9596
.8753
.7350

.3907
.2307
.1214
.05'73
.0245

.4t02
.2469
.1325
.0639
.0279

.4296
.2633
.1442
.0710
.o3t7

.4488
.2801
.t564
.0786
.0358

.4679
.2971
.1689
.0866
.0403

.4868
.3142
.1820
.0951
.0451

.5054
.3316
.1954
.1040
.0503

.5237
.3490
.2092
.1133
.0558

.5418
.3665
.2233
.t231
.0618

.559s
.3840
.2378
.1334
.0681

.0095
.0034
.0011
.0003
.0001

.0lll
.0041
.0014
.0004
.0001

.o129
.0048
.0017
.0005
.0002

.0t49
.0057
.0020
.0007
.0002

.0171
.0067
.0024
.0008
.0003

.0195
.0078
.0029
.0010
.0003

.0222
.0090
.0034
.0012
.0004

.0251
.0104
.0040
.0014
.0005

.0283
.0120
.0047
.0017
.0006

.0318
.0t37
.0055
.0020
.0007

.0001

.0001

.0001

.0001

.0001

.0002
.0001

.0002
.0001

r=0
I
2
J

4
)
6
8
9

t0

12
l3
l4
l5
l6

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.0

1.0000
.9945
.9658
.8912
.'76t9

1.0000
.9955
.9711
.9052
.7867

1.0000
.9963
.9756
.9176
.8094

1.0000
.9970
.9794
.9285
.8300

1.0000
.997s
.9826
.9380
.8488

1.0000
.9980
.9854
.9464
.8658

1.0000
.9983
.9877
.9s37
.881I

1.0000
.9986
.9897
.9600
.8948

r.0000
.9989
.9913
.9656
.90'72

r.0000
.9991
.9927
.9704
.9182

ti
9

.5939
.4191
.2676
.1551
.Otrl9

.6267
.4539
.2983
.1783
.0974

.65',79
.4881
.329',7
.2030
.1143

.6873
.5217
.3616
.2290
.1328

.7149
.5543
.393',7
.2560
.1528

.7408
.5859
.4258
.2840
.1741

.7649
.6163
.45',77
.3t27
.1967

.7873
.6453
.4892
.3419
.2204

.8080
.6730
.5201
.3715
.2452

.8270
.6993
.5503
.4013
.2709

l0
ll
l2
l3
T4

.0397
.0t77
.007:i
.(x)2tt
.()0lo

.0488
.0225
.0096
.0038
.0014

.059t
.0282
.0125
.0051
.0020

.0708
.0349
.0160
.0068
.0027

.0839
.0426
.0201
.0088
.0036

.0984
.0514
.0250
.0I 13
.0048

.1142
.0614
.0307
.0143
.0063

.1314
.0726
.0373
.0t79
.0080

.1498
.0849
.0448
.022r
.0102

.1695
.0985
.0534
.0270
.0128

l5
t6
l7
l8
l9

(x)03
0001

.()005
.0002
.0001

.0007
.0002
.0001

.0010
.0004
.0001

.0014
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0019
.0007
.0003
.0001

.0026
.0010
.0004
.0001

.0034
.0014
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0044
.0018
.0007
.0003
.0001

.0057
.0024
.0010
.0004
.0001

r:0
I
2
4
5
6
1

Table 2 CumulativePoissonProbabilities- continued

m=

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9.0

r=O
I
2
4

1.0000
.9993
.9939
.974s
.9281

1.0000
.9994
.9949
.9781
.9368

1.0000
.999s
.9957
.9812
.9446

1.0000
.9996
.9964
.9839
.9515

1.0000
.9997
.9910
.9862
.9576

1.0000
.9991
.9975
.9882
.9630

1.0000
,9998
.9979
.9900
.9677

1.0000
.9998
.9982
.9914
.9719

1.0000
.9998
.9985
.9927
.9756

1.0000
.9999
.9988
.9938
.9788

5
6
7
8
9

.8445
.7241
.5796
.4311
.2913

.8605
.7474
.6080
.4607
.3243

.8751
.7693
.6354
.4900
.3518

.8883
.789'l
.6616
.5188
.3796

.9004
.8088
.6866
.5470
.4075

.9113
.8264
.7t04
.5746
.4353

.921r
.8427
:1330
.6013
.4631

.9299
.8578
.7543
.6272
.4906

.9379
.8716
.7744
.6522
.5177

.9450
.8843
.7932
.6761
.5443

l0
ll
t2
l3
l4

.1904
.1133
.0629
.032'7
.0159

.2123
.1293
.0735
.0391
.0195

.2351
.1465
.0852
.0464
.0238

.2589
.1648
.0980
.0546
.0286

.2834
.1841
.l119
.0638
.0342

.3085
.204s
.1269
.0739
.0405

.334r
.225'.7
.1429
.0850
.0476

.3600
.2478
.1600
.0971
.0555

.3863
.2706
. 1780
.1102
.0642

.4126
.2940
.1970
.1242
.0739

15
l6
T7
l8
t9

.0073
.0031
.0013
.0005
.0002

.0092
.0041
.0017
.0007
.0003

.0114
.0052
.0022
.0009
.0004

.0141
.0066
.0029
.0012
.0005

.0173
.0082
.0037
.0016
.0006

.0209
.0102
.004'7
.0021
.0009

.0251
.0125
.0059
.002'7
.0011

.0299
.0074
.0034
.0015

.0353
.0184
.0091
.0043
.0019

.0415
.0220
.0111
.00s3
.0024

20
2l
22
23

.0001

.0001

.0001

.0002
.0001

.0003
.0001

.0003
.0001

.0005
.0002
.0001

.0006
.0002
.0001

.0008
.0003
.0001

.0011
.0004
.0002
.0001

9.2

9.4

9.6

9.8

10.0

11.0

t2.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

I.0000 1.0000
.9999
.9999
.9991
.9990
.994',1 .9955
.9840
.9816

1.0000
.9999
.9993
.9962
.9862

1.0000
.9999
.9994
.9967
.9880

1.0000
1.0000
.999s
.9972
.9897

1.0000
r.0000
.9998
.9988
.9951

1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9995
.9977

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
,9998
.9990

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.999s

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998

m=

r:0
I
2
3
4

.0r52

)
6
7
8
9

.9514
.8959
.8108
.6990
.5',704

.9571
.9065
.8273
1208
.5958

.9622
.9162
.8426
.7416
.6204

.9667
.92s0
.856'l
.76t2
.6442

.9707
.9329
.8699
.7'798
.6672

.9849
.9625
.9214
.8568
.7680

.9924
.919'.7
.9542
.9105
.8450

.9963
.9893
.9141
.9460
.9002

.9982
.9945
.9858
.9684
.9379

.9991
.9972
.9924
.9820
.9626

l0
l1
t2
l3
14

.4389
.3180
.2t68
.1393
.0844

.4651
.3424
.2374
.t552
.0958

.491I
.3671
.2588
.172r
.1081

.5168
.3920
.2807
.1899
.t214

.542r
.4170
.3032
.2084
.1355

.659s
.s401
.4207
.31l3
.2187

.7576
.6528
.5384
.4240
.3185

.8342
.7483
.6468
.5369
.4270

.8906
.8243
.7400
.64rs
.5356

.9301
.8815
.8152
.7324
.6368

t5
l6
t'l
l8
l9

.0483
.0262
.0135
.0066
003I

.0s59
.0309
.0162
.0081
.0038

.0643
.0362
.0194
.0098
.0048

.0735
.0421
.0230
.01l9
.0059

.0835
.0487
.0270
.0143
.0072

.1460
.0926
.0559
.o322
.0177

.2280
.1556
. l0l3
.0630
.0374

.3249
.2364
.t645
.1095
.0698

.4296
.3306
.2441
.1728
.t174

.5343
.4319
.3359
.2511
.1805

2(l
2l
22
23
24

.0014
.0006
.0002
.0001

.0017
.0008
.Off)3
.0001

.0022
.0010
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0028
.0012
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0035
.0016
.0007
.0003
.0001

.0093
.0047
.0023
.0010
.0005

.0213
.0116
.0061
.0030
.0015

.o427
.0250
.0141
.0076
.0040

.0765
.0479
.0288
.0167
.0093

.1248
.0830
.0531
.0327
.0195

.0002
.0001

.0007
.0003
.0001
.0001

.0020
.0010
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0050
.0026
.0013
.0006
.0003

.0122
.0062
.0033
.0017
.0009

.0001
.0001

.0004
.0002
0001

25
26
27
28
29
30
3l
'L

l0'

Tglble2 Cumulative PoissonProbabilities - continued

20.0

2r.0

m:

1 6 .0

17.0

18.0

19 . 0

r:0
)
4

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

5
6
7
8
9

.9996
.9986
.9960
.9900
.9780

.9998
.9993
.9979
.9946
.9874

.9999
.9997
.9990
.997r
.9929

10
11
l2
l3
l4

.9s67
.9226
.8730
.8069
.7255

.9739
.9509
.9153
.8650
.7991

.9846
.9696
.9451
.9083
.8574

.9 9 1 1
.9817
.9653
.9394
.9016

.9950
.9892
.9786
.9610
.9339

.9972
.9937
.9871
.9755
.9566

l5
16
l7
18
19

.6325
.5333
.4340
.3407
.2577

.7192
.628s
.5323
.4360
.3450

.7919
.7133
.6249
.5314
.4378

.8503
.7852
.7080
.6216
.5305

.8951
.8435
.7789
.7030
.6186

20
2l
22
23
24

.1878
1318
0892
.0582
.0367

.2637
.1945
.1385
.0953
.0633

.3491
.2693
.2009
.1449
.1011

.4394
.3528
.2745
.2069
.1510

25
26
27
z8
29

.0223
.0 131
.0075
.0041
.0022

.0406
.0252
.0152
.0088
.0050

.0683
.0446
.0282
.0173
.0103

30
31

.0 011
.0006
.0003
.0 001
.0001

.0027
.0014
.0007

.0001

2
a

JZ

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

22.0

23.0

24.0

25.O

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.9999 .9999 1.0000
.9996 .9998 .9999
.9989 .9994 .9997

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

.9985
.9965
.9924
.9849
.9722

.9992
.9980
.9956
.9909
.9826

.9996
.9989
.9975
.9946
.9893

.9998
.9994
.9986
.9969
.9935

.9284
.8889
.8371
.7730
.6983

.9523
.9231
.8830
.8310
.7675

.9689
.9480
.9179
.8772
.8252

.9802
.9656
.9437
.9129
.8717

.9876
.9777
.9623
.9395
.9080

.5297
.4409
.3563
.2194
.2125

.6t57
.5290
.4423
.3595
.2840

.6940
.6131
.5284
.4436
.3626

.7623
.6899
.6106
.s277
.4449

.8197
.7574
.6861
.5083
.5272

.8664
.8145
.7527
.6825
.6061

.1067
.0731
.0486
.0313
.0195

.1568

.2r78 .2883

.rt22
.0779
.0525
.0343

.1623
.1174
.0825
.0564

.2229
.1676
.1225
.0871

.3654
.2923
.2277
.t726
.1274

.4460
.3681
.2962
.2323
.1775

.5266
.4471
.3706
.2998
.2366

.0059
.0033
.0018
.0010
.0005

.0118
.0070
.0040
.0022
.0012

.0218
.0135
.0081
.0047
.0027

.0374
.0242
.0152
.0093
.0055

.0602
.0405
.0265
.0169
.0105

.0915
.0640
.0436
.0289
.0187

.t321
.0958
. 0 67 8
.0467
.0314

.1821
.1367
.1001
.0715
.0498

.0002
.0001
.0001

.0006
.0003
.0002
.0001

.0015
.0008
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0032
.0018
.0010
.0005
.0003

.0064
.0038
.0022
.0012
.0007

.0118
.0073
.0044
.0026
.0015

.0206
.0132
.0082
.0050
.0030

.0338
.0225
.0146
.0092
.0057

.0001

.0001
.0001

.0004
.0002
.0001

.0008
.0004
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0017
.0010
.0005
.0003
.0002

.0034
.0020
.0012
.0007
.0004

.0001

.0002
.0001

1.0000 1.0000
.9998 .9999
.9995 .9997
.9985 .9992
.9979
.996r

Table 2 Cumulative PoissonProbabilities- continued

m=

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9.0

r:0

1.0000
.9993
.9939
.9145
.9281

1.0000
.9994
.9949
.9781
.9368

1.0000
.9995
.9957
.98t2
.9446

1.0000
.9996
.9964
.9839
.9515

1.0000
.9997
.9970
.9862
.9576

1.0000
.9991
.9975
.9882
.9630

1.0000
.9998
.9979
.9900
.9677

1.0000
.9998
.9982
.9914
.9719

r.0000
.9998
.9985
.9927
.97s6

r.0000
.9999
.9988
.9938
.9788

)
6
7
8
9

.8445
.724r
.5796
.431I
.2973

.8605
.7474
.6080
.4607
.3243

.8751
.7693
.6354
.4900
.3518

.8883
.7897
.66t6
.5188
.3796

,9004
.8088
.6866
.5470
.4075

.91l3
.8264
.7t04
.5746
.4353

.921r
.8427
.7330
.6013
.4631

.9299
.8578
.7543
.6272
.4906

.9379
.8716
.7744
.6s22
.5177

.9450
.8843
.7932
.6761
.s443

l0
ll
t2
l3
l4

.1904
.1133
.0629
.0327
.0159

.2123
.1293
.0735
.0391
.0195

.2351
.1465
.0852
.0464
.0238

.2589
.1648
.0980
.0546
.0286

.2834
.1841
.1119
.0638
.0342

.3085
.2045
.1269
.0739
.0405

.3341
.2257
.1429
.0850
.0476

.3600
.2478
.1600
.097r
.0555

.3863
.2706
.1780
.1102
.0642

.4t26
.2940
.19'70
.1242
.0739

l5
16
T7
t8
l9

.0073
.0031
.0013
.0005
.0002

.0092
.0041
.0017
.0007
.0003

.0114
.o052
.0022
.0009
.0004

.0141
.0066
.0029
.0012
.000s

.ot't3
.0082
.0037
.0016
.0006

.0209
.0102
.0047
.0021
.0009

.0251
.0125
.0059
.0027
.0011

.0299
.0r52
.0074
.0034
.0015

.0353
.0184
.0091
.0043
.0019

.0415
.0220
.0111
.0053
.0024

20
2l
22
23

.0001

.000r

.0001

.0002
.0001

.0003
.0001

.0003
.0001

.0005
.0002
.0001

.0006
.0002
.0001

.0008
.0003
.0001

.0011
.0004
.0002
.0001

m=

9.2

9.4

9.6

9.8

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

r=(l
I
2
3
4

1.0000
.9999
.9990
.9947
.9816

1.0000
.9999
.9991
.995s
,9840

1.0000
.9999
.9993
.9962
.9862

1.0000
.9999
.9994
.9967
.9880

1.0000
1.0000
.9995
.9g',t2
.9897

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.999s

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998

)
6
7
8
9

.9514
.8959
.8108
.6990
.s704

.9571
.9065
.8273
.7208
.5958

.9622
.9t62
.8426
.7416
.6204

.9667
.9250
.856?
.7612
.6442

l0
ll
t2
l3
l4

.4389
.3180
.2168
.1393
.0844

.46sr
.3424
.2374
.1552
.0958

.491I
.3671
.2588
.1721
. t08l

l5
l6
t7
l8
l9

.0483
.0262
.0135
.0066
.0031

.0559
.0309
.0162
.0081
.0038

20
2l
22
23
24

.0014
.([0(r
.fix)2
.(x)01

.0017
.0008
.0003
.0001

I
2
J

;ll

1.0000 1.0000
r.0000 1.0000
.9998
.9988
.9951

.9999
.9995
.9977

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998
.9990

.9701
.9329
.8699
.7798
.6672

.9849
.962s
.9214
.8568
.7680

.9924
.9797
.9542
.9105
.8450

.9963
.9893
.9741
.9460
.9002

.9982
.994s
.9858
.9684
.9379

.9991
.9972
.9924
.9820
.9626

.5168
.3920
.2807
.1899
.1214

.s421
.4t'10
.3032
.2084
.1355

.6595
.5401
.4207
.3113
.2187

.7576
.6528
.5384
.4240
.3185

.8342
.7483
.6468
.5369
.4270

.8906
.8243
.7400
.6415
.5356

.9301
.881s
.8152
.7324
.6368

.0643
.0362
.0194
.0098
.0048

.073s
.0421
.0230
.0119
.0059

.0835
.0487
.02'70
.0143
.0072

.1460
.0926
.0559
.o322
.0t77

.2280
.1556
.1013
.0630
.0374

.3249
.2364
.1645
.1095
.0698

.4296
.3306
.2441
.1728
.t174

.5343
.4319
.3359
.2s11
.1805

.0022
.0010
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0028
.0012
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0035
.0016
.0007
.0003
.0001

.0093
.o047
.0023
.0010
.0005

.02t3
.01l6
.0061
.0030
.0015

.0427
.0250
.0141
.0076
.0040

.0765
.0479
.0288
.0167
.0093

.1248
.0830
.0531
.0327
.0195

.0002
.0001

.0007
.0003
.0001
.0001

.0020
.0010
.0005
.0002
.0001

.0050
.0026
.0013
.0006
.0003

.0122
.0062
.0033
.0017
.0009

.0001
.0001

.0004
.0002
0001

25
26
27
28
29
30
3l
tz

10.

Table 2 Cumulative PoissonProbabilities- continued

22.0

23.0

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
.9999
.9999 1.0000
.9996 .9998 .9999
.9989 .9994 .9997

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9998

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

.9992
.9980
.9956
.9909
.9826

.9996
.9989
.9975
.9946
.9893

.9998
.9994
.9986
.9969
.9935

.9523
.9231
.8830
.8310
.7675

.9689
.9480
.9179
.8772
.8252

.9802
.9656
.9437
.9129
.87t7

.9876
.9777
.9623
.9395
.9080

.6157
.5290
.4423
.3595
.2840

.6940
.6131
.5284
.4436
.3626

.7623
.6899
.6106
.4449

.8t97
.7574
.6861 .
.6083
.52'.t2

.8664
.8145
.7527
.6825
.6061

.1568
.t122
.0779
.0525
.0343

.2171
.1623
.tt74
.0825
.0564

.2883
.2229
.1676
.1225
.0871

.3654
.2923
.2277
.1726
.1274

.4460
.3681
.2962
.2323
.1775

.5266
.4471
.3706
.2998
.2366

.0118
.0070
.0040
.0022
.0012

.0218
.0135
.0081
.0047
.0027

.0374
.0242
.0152
.0093
.0055

.0602
.0405
.0265
.0169
.0105

.0915
.0640
.0436
.0289
.0187

.1321
.0958
.0678
.0467
.0314

.1821
.1367
.1001
.0715
.0498

.0006
.0003
.0002
.0001

.0015
.0008
.0004
.0002
.0001

.0032
.0018
.0010
.0005
.0003

.0064
.0038
.0022
.0012
.0007

.0118
.0073
.0044
.0026
.0015

.0206
.0t32
.0082
.0050
.0030

.0338
.0225
.0146
.0092
.0057

.0001

.0001
.0001

.0004
.0002
.0001

.0008
.0004
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0017
.0010
.0005
.0003
.0002

.0034
.0020
.0012
.0007
.0004

.0001

.0002
.0001

m=

1 6 .0

17.0

18.0

19.0

20.0

r=0
I
2
4

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
l.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

5
6
7
8
9

.9996
.9986
.9960
.9900
.9780

.9998
.9993
.9979
.9946
.9874

.9999
.9997
.9990
.9971
.9929

l0
ll
t2
l3
I4

.9567
.9226
.8 7 3 0
.8069
.7255

.9739
.9509
.9153
.8650
.7991

.9846
.9696
.9451
.9083
.8574

.9911
.9817
.9653
.9394
.9016

.9950
.9892
.9786
.9610
.9339

.9972
.9937
.9871
.9755
.9566

.9985
.9965
.9924
.9849
.9722

l5
l6
T7
l8
19

.6325
.5333
.4340
.3407
.2577

:7192
.6285
.5323
.4360
.3450

.79t9
.7t33
.6249
.53t4
.4378

.8503
.7852
.7080
.6216
.5305

.8951
.8435
.7789
.7030
.6186

.9284
.8889
.8371
.7730
.6983

20
2l
22
23
74

.1 8 7 8
.1 3 1 8
.0892
.0582
.0367

.2637
.1945
.1385
.0953
.0633

.3491
.2693
.2009
.1449
.1011

.4394
.3528
.2745
.2069
.1510

.5297
.4409
.3563
.2794
.2125

25
26
27
28
29

.0223
.0131
.0075
.0041
.0022

.0406
.0252
.0152
.0088
.0050

.0683
.0446
.0282
.0173
.0103

.t067
.073t
.0486
.0313
.0195

30
3l

.0011
.0006
.0003
.0001
.0001

.0027
.0014
.0007
.0004
.0002

.0059
.0033
.0018
.0010
.0005

.0001

.0002
.0001
.0001

JZ
55

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4l
42
43
44

1.0000 1.0000
.9998 .9999
.999s .9997
.9985 .9992
.9961 .9979

45
46

ll

21.0
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

.s277

24.0

25.0

Table 2 Cumulative PoissonProbabilities- continued

26.0

27.0

28.0

1.0000 1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9999
.9998
.9998
.9996
.9994
.9990
.99',18 .9987

29.0

30.0

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9997
.9993

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9998
.9996

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

r- 9
l0
ll
12
13
t4

1.0000
.9999
.9997
.9992
.9982
.9962

15
t6
t7
l8
19

.9924
.9858
.9752
.9580
.9354

.9954
.9912
.9840
.9726
.9s55

.9973
.9946
.9899
.9821
.9700

.9984
.9967
.9937
.9885
.9801

.9991
.9981
.996r
.9927
.9871

.9997
.9993
.9986
.9972
.9948

.9999
.9998
.9995
.9990
.9980

1.0000
.9999
.9998
.9997
.9993

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999
.9998

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
.9999

20
2I
22
23
24

.9032
.8613
.8095
.7483
.6791

.9313
.8985
.8564
.8048
.7441

. .9522
.9273
.8940
.8517
.8002

.9674
.9489
.9233
.8896
.8471

.9781
.9647
.9456
.9t94
.8854

.994',1
.9841
.9740
.9594
.9390

.9963
.9932
.9884
.9809
.9698

.9986
.9973
.9951
.99rs
.9859

.999s

.9998

.9990
.9981
.9965
.9938

.9996
.9993
.9986
.99'14

25
26
27
28
29

.6041
.5261
.4481
.3730
:3033

.6758
.6021
.5256
.4491
.3753

.7401
.6728
.6003
.5251
.4500

.7958
.7363
.6699
.5986
.5247

.8428
.'t916
.7327
.66',71
.s969

.9119
.8772
.8344
.7838
.7259

.9540
.9326
.9047
.8694
.8267

.9776
.9655
.9487
.9264
.8977

,s897 .ssss

30
3l
32

.2407
.1866
.1411
.t042
.0751

.3065
.2447
.1908
.1454
.1082

.3774
.3097
.2485
.1949
. l49s

.4508
.3794
.3126
.2521
.1989

.5243
.4s16
.3814
.3155
.2556

.6620'
.s939
.5235
.4532
.3850

.7765
.7196
.6573
.591l,
.5228

.8621
.8194
.769'7
.7t39
.6530

.9204
.8911
.8552
.8125
.'7635

.9568
.9383
.9145
.88ry7
.8486

.0528
.0363
.o244
.0160
.0103

.0787
.0559
.0388
.0263
.0175

.tt2l
.0822
.0s89
.0413
.0283

.1535
.1159
.0856
.0619
.0438

.2027
.1574
.1196
.0890
.0648

.3208
.2621
.2099
.1648
.1268

.4546
.3883
.32s6
.2681
.2166

.s885
.5222
.4558
.3913
.3301

.7086
.6490
.5862
.5216
.4570

.8061
3576
.7037
.6453
.5840

40
4l
42
43
44

.0064
.0039

.0113
.0072
.0045
.0027
.0016

.0190
.0125
.0080
.0050
.0031

.0303
.0205
.0136
.0089
.0056

.0463
.0323
.0221
.0148
.0097

.0956
.0707
.0512
.0364
.0253

.1717
.t336
.1019
.0763
.0561

.2737
.2229
.1783
.1401
.1081

.3941
.3343
.2789
.2288
.184s

.5210
.4581
.3967
.3382
.2838

45
46
47
48
49

.0004
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0009
.0005
.0003
.0002
.0001

.0019.
.001I
.0006
.0004
.0002

.0035
.0022
.0013
.0008
.0004

.0063
..0040
.0025
.0015
.0009

.0173
.0116
.o076
.0049
.0031

.0404
.0286
.0199
.0136
.0091

.0819
.0609
.0445
.0320
.o22s

.t462
.1139
.08'72
.0657
.0486

.2343
.1903
.1521
.1196
.0925

.0001
.0001

.0002
.0001
.0001

.0005
.0003
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0019
.0012
.0007
.0004
.0002

.0060
.0039
.0024
.0015
.0009

.0156
.0106
.0071
.0047
.0030

.0353
.0253
.0178
.0123
.0084

.0703
.0526
.0387
.0281
.0200

.0001
.0001

.0006
.0003
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0019
.0012
.0007
.0005
.0003

.0056
.0037
.0024
.0015
.0010

.0140
.0097
.0066
.0044
.0029

.0002
.0001
.0001

.0006
.0004
.0002
.0001
.0001

.0019
.0012
.0008
.0005
.0003

JJ

34
35
36
5t

38
39

50
51
52
53
54

.oo24
.0014
.0008

))
56
)l

58
59
60
6l
62
63
64
65
66
67

.9834,i,. .9924
.e74r{1$. .e877
.961l'rHi. .9807
.9435 8.9706

,0002
.0001
.0001

For values of m greaterthan 30, usethe table of areasunderthe Normal curve(Table 3) to obtainapproximatePoisson
puttingp= m ando=Ji
probabilities.

t2'

Table 3 Areas in upper TaiI of the Normal Distribution

The function tabulatedis | - aQ) where <D(z)is the cumulativedistribution function of a standardisedNormal
variable-z.

r Te-z-.,,,
tz
istheprobabilitythatastandardisedNormalvariateselectedatrandomwillbegreaterthana

Thus l-@(z\=-+J
.lZn

varueofz
(=ry)

'1_
x- u
o

.0 0

.01

02

.03

.04

05

.06

07

.08

0.0
0. 1
0.2
0.3
0.4

.5000
.4602
.4207
.3821
.3446

.4960
.4562
.4168
.3783
.3409

.4920
.4522
.4129
.3745
.3372

.4880
.4483
.4090
.3707
.JJJO

.4840
.4443
.4052
.3669
.3300

.4801
.4404
.4013
.3632
.3264

.476t
.4364
.3974
.3594
.3228

.4681
.4286
.3897
.3520
.3156

.4641
.4247
.3859
.3483
.3121

0.5
0. 6
0.7
0.8
0.9

.3085
.2743
.2420

.1 8 4 1

.3050
.2709
.2389
.2090
.1814

.3015
.2676
.2358
.2061
.1788

.2981
.2643
.2327
.2033
.1762

.2946
.2611
.2296
.2005
.1736

.2912
.2578
.2266
. r9 7 7

.r7tI

h,rb
.2877*
.2s46
.2236
.t949
.1685

.4721
.432s
.3936
.3557
.3192

.2843"
.25t4
.2206
.1922
.1660

.2776
.245r
.2148
.1867
. 1 6 1I

1.3
t. 4

.1 5 8 7
.1357
.l l5 l
.0968
.0808

.t562
.1335
.1131
.0 951
.0793

.1539
.13t4
.tlt2
.0934
.0778

.1515
.t292
.1093
.0918
.0764

.t492
.1271
.1075
.0901
.0749

.t469
.t251
.1056
.0885
.0735

.t446
.1230
.1038
.0869
.0721

.1020
.0853
.0708

.2810
.2483
.2t77
.1894
.1635
. 1 4 0 1.
.1190
.1003
.0838
.0694

.t379
.1170
.0985
.0823
.0681

1.5
1.6
t.7
1.8
1. 9

.0668
.0548
.0446
.0359
.0287

.0655
.0537
.0436
.0351
.0281

.0643
.0526
.0427
.0344
.0274

.0630
.0516
.0418
.0336

.026s

.0618
.0505
.0409
.0329
.0262

.0606
.0495
.0401
.0322
.0256

.0594
.0485
.0392
.0314
.0250

.0582
.0475
.0384
.0307
.0244

.057t
.0465
.0375
.0301
.0239

.0559
.0455
.0367
.0294
.0233

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

.02275 .02222 .02169

.0 1 7 8 6 .01743 .01700
.0 1 3 9 0 .0 1355 .0r321
01072 .0t044 .01017
:00820 .00798 .00776
.00621 .00604 .00587
.00466 .00453 .00440
.00347 .00336 .00326
.00256 .00248 .00240
.0 0 1 8 7 .0 0181 .00175
.0 0 1 3 5 .00131 .00126
.00097 .00094 .00090
.00069 .00066 .00064
.00048 .00047 .00045
.00034 .00032 .00031
.00023 .00022 .00022
.00 0 1 6 .00015 .00015
.000108 .000104 .000100
.000072 .000069 .000067
.000048 .000046 .000044
.000032

.02118
.01659
.0t287
.00990
.00755

.0206E
.01618
.01255
.00964
.00734

.02018
.01578
.01222
.00939
.00714

.01970
.01539
.01191
.00914
.00695

.01923
.01500
.01160
.00889
.00676

.01876
.01463
.01130
.00866
.00657

.01831
.01426
.01l0l
.00842
.00639

.00570
.00427
.00317
.00233
.00169

.00554
.00415
.00307
.00226
.00164

.00539
.00402
.00298
.00219
.00159

.00523
.00391
.00289

.00122
.00087
.00062
.00043
.00030

.00118
.00084
.00060
.00042
.00029

.00114
.00082
.00058
.00040
.00028.

.00021
.00014
.000096
.000064
.000042

.00020
.00014
.000092
.000062
,000041

.00019
.00013
.000088
.000059
.000039

1.0
1.1

l .z

2. 5
2. 6
2. 7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3. 4
3. 5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0

.2rt9

5.0-+ 0.0000002867

5.5-+ 0.0000000190

t3

.1423

.r210

.00508
.00379
.00280
.042n .00205
. 0 0 1 5 4 .00149
.001I
.00107
.00079 .00076
.00056 .00054
.00039 .00038
.00027 00026;,
&
.00019 .oool8
. 0 0 0 1 3 .00012
.000085 .000082
.000057 .000054
.000037 .000036

.0e 1

.00494 .00480
.0O358q .00357
.00272 .00264
.00199 .00193
.00t44 .00139
.00104
.00074.
.00052
.00036 '
.00025 '

t00100
.00071
.00050
.00035
.00024

.ooor

.00017
.0001I
.000075
.000050
.000033

.00012
.000078
.000052
.000034

6.0--+0.0000000010

Table 7 PercentagePoints of the t Distribution

The table gives the value of lo , - the I 00 a percentagepoint of the r distribution for v degreesof freedom.

The valuesof r are obtainedby solutionof the equation:

a : fl%(v+ I\)lr(%v)l-' (r,l-"

fit.

,2 1,y-Q+Dtz
4o

Note: The tabuftrtionis for onetail only, that is, for positivevaluesof I
For lr I the columnheadingsfor cr,shouldbe doubled.
t a,,

0.l0

0.05

0.025

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.t32
2.015,

t2.706
4.303

)
4
5

3.078
1.886
1.63
8
1.533
t.476

6
7
8
9
l0

1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372

1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812

2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228

ll
t2
l3
t4
l5

t.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341

r.796
1.782
t.771
1.761
1.753

t6
17
l8
l9
20

t.337

0.005

0.001

31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032

318.31
22.326
t0.2r3
7.t73
5.893

636.62
3 1 . 59 8
12.924
8 . 6 10
6.869

3.r43
2.998
2.896
2.764

3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169

5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297
4 . r4 4

5.959
5.408
5 . 0 41
4.781
4.587

2.201
2.r79
2.160
2.145
2. 1 3 1

2.718
2.68r
2.650
2.624
2.602

3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947

4.025
3 930
3.852
3.787
3.733

4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073

1.330
1.328
t.325

1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
t.725

2.120
z.IIO
2.IOT
2.093
2.086

2.583
2 567
2.552
2.539
2.528

2.921
2.898
2.878

3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579
3.552

4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850

2l
22
23
24
25

t.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.3l6

t.721
1.7r7
1.7r4
1.711
1.708

2.080
2,074
2.069
2.064
2.060

2.s18
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.48s

2.83r
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787

3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467
3.450

3.819
3.792
3.767
3.745
3.725

26
27
28
29
30

r.315
1.314
1.313
l.3l I
1.310

1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697

2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042

2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457

2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750

3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396
3.385

3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646

40
60

1.303
t.296
1.289
t.282

1.684
r.671
1.658
1.645

2.021
2.000
1. 9 8 0
.1 . 9 6 0

2.423
2.390
2.358
2.326

' 2.704
2.660
2.617
2.576

3.307
3.232
3.160
3.090

3.551
3.460
3.373
3.291

v:l
2
a

r20
O

I.JJJ

3.r82
2.776
2.571

2.82r

2.86r
2.845

0.0005

This table is taken from Table III of Fisher& Yates: StatisticalTabtesfor Biological, Agicultural and Medical Research,
reprinted by permission of Addison W.esleyLongman Ltd. Also from Table 12 of Biometika Tablesfor Statisticians,
Volume I , by permission.ofOxford University Pressand the Biometrika Trustees.

t7

lTable 8 PercentagePoints of thef Distribution

Tableof f o, - the l00a percentagepoint of the f distributionfor v degreesof freedom.

v=I
2
4
)

. 995

.9 9

.98

.975

.0039:
.0100
.0717
.207
.412

.o3ts7
.0201
.115
.297
.554

.o'628
.0404
.185
.429
.752

.a39t2
.0506
.216
.484
.831

.95

.90

.80

.75

.70

.50

.00393
.103
.352
.7tl
1.145

.01s8
.2tr
.584
1.064
1.610

.0642
.446
1.005
1.649
2.343

.r02
.575
1.2t3
1.923
2.67s

.148
.7t3
t.424
2.195
3.000

.455
1.386
2.366
3.3s7
4.3sr

8
9
10

.676
.989
1.344
1.735
2.156

.872
t.239
1.646
2.088
2.558

1.134
t.564
2.032
2.532
3.059

1.237
1.690
?.180
2.700
3.247

1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940

2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168
4.865

3.070
3.822
4.594
5.380
6.119

3.45s
4.255
5.071
5.899
6.731

3.828
4.671
5.s27
6.393
7.267

5.348
6.346
7.344
8.343
9.342

11
t2
13
l4
l5

2.603
3.074
3.56s
4.075
4.601

3.053
3.s71
4.107
4.660
5.229

3.609
4.178
4.76s
5.368
5.985

3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262

4.57s
5.226
5.892
6.571
't.261

5.578
6.304
7.042
'7.790
8.547

6.989
7.807
8.634
9.46',7
10.307

7.584
8.438
9.299
10.16s
11.036

8.148
9.034
9.926
10.821
tr.72r

10.341
11.340
12.340
13.339
14.339

l6
T7
18
l9
20

5.r42
5.691
6.26s
6.844
7.434

5.812
6.408
7.0t5
7.633
8.260

6.614
7.255
7.906
8.567
9.237

6.908
1.564
8.231
8.907
9.591

7.962
8.612
9.390
10.117
10.851

9.3t2
10.085
10.865
11.651
t2.443

11.152
l2.oo2
12.857
13.716
14.578

tl.9r2
12.792
r3.67s
t4.562
ts.452

12.624
13.531
t4.440
15.3s2
t6.266

15.338
16.338
17.338
18.338
19.337

2l
22
23
24
25

8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.520

8.897
9.542
10.196
10.856
r1.524

9.915
10.600
1t.293
tt.992
12.697

10.283
10.982
11.688
12.401
13.120

11.591
12.338
13.091
13.848
14.611

13.240
14.041
14.848
1s.659
16.473

1s.445
16.314
r7.r87
18.062
18.940

16.344
r7.240
18.137
19.037
19.939

t'l.t82
18.101
r9.o2l
t9.943
20.86',7

20.337
21.337
22.337
23.337
24.33',1

26
27
28
29
30

I 1.160
11.808
12.46r
t3.tzL
t3.787

12.198
12.879
13.565
14.256
t4.953

13.409
14.847
15.574
16.306

13.844
14.573
15.308
16.047
t6.791

15.379
16.l5 1
16.928
17.708
18.493

I7.292
18.114
18.939
19.768
20.599

19.820
20.703
21.588
22.475
23.364

20.843
2r.749
22.657
23.s67
24.418

2t.792
22.719
23.647
24.577
25.508

25.336
26.336
27336
28.336
29.336

40
50
60
70
80

20.706
27.991
35.535
43.275
51.171

22.164
29:707
37.485
45.442
53.539

23.838
31.664
39.699
47.893
56.2t3

24.433
32.357
40.482
48.758
57.1s3

26.509
34.764
43.188
5t.739
60.391

29.0st
37.689
46.459
s5329
64.278

32.345
41.449
s0.641
59.898
69.207

33.660
42.942
52.294
61.698
'n.145

34.872
44.3t3
s3.809
63.346
72.915

39.335
49.33s
59.335
69.334
79.334

90
100

59.196
6'1.32',1

6t.754
70.065

64.634
73.142

65.646
74.222

69.t26
77.929

'73.29t
82.358

?8.558
87.94s

80.62s 82.511 89.334

9 0 . 1 3 3 92.129 99.334

14.tzs

For values of v > 30, approximatevalues of f

may be obtainedfrom the expressionv

-.:,3
r is the
*n","
lt-2-tL-lLl
o

L'ev-o1/r"_l

taken at the 0.02 level, so that 0.01 of the

normal deviatecutting offthe correspondingtails of a normal distribution. f It
o
normal distribution is in eachtail, the expressionyi eldsf at the 0.99 and 0.01 points.
For very large values of v, it is sufficiently accurateto compute Jr/,
arounda meanof ,!Zv -t andwith a standarddeviationof l.

the distribution of which is approximately normal

Table taken from Table IV of Fisher and Yates: Statistica! Tabtes for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research, rqinteA by permission of Addison Weslcl'
Lnngrnan Ltct, and from Table 8 of Biometrika Tables for Statisticians,Vol. l, by permission of Oford Uuivenity Press and the Biometrika Trustees.

l8

Table 8 PercentagePoints of thef

.30

.25

.20

.10

1.074
2.408
3.665
4.878
6.064

t.323
2.773
4.108
5.385
6.626

t.642
3.219
4.642
5.989
7.289

2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236

7.23r
8.383
9.s24
10.656
n.781

7.841
9.037
r0.2t9
l1.389
t2.549

8.558
9.803
11.030
12.242
13.442

12.899
14.01I
15.119
16.222
17.322

13.701
14.845
15.984
t7.tt"l
t8.24s

18.418
19.511
20.601
2t.689
22.',17s

Distribution - continued

.025

.02

.01

3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070

5.024
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.832

5.412
7.824
9.837
11.668
13.3
88

6.635
9.2t0
I1.345
13.277
15.086

7.879
t0.597
r2.838
14.860
t6.750

t0.827
13.815
16.268
18.465
20.5t7

10.645
12.017
13.362
t4.684
15.987

r2.s92
t4.067
15.507
16.9t9
18.307

t4.449
16.013
t7.535
t9.023
20.483

15.033
16.622
18.168
19.679
2t.16l

16.812
18.475
20.090
2r.666
23.209

18.548
20.278
23.589
25.188

22.457
24.322
26.125
27.877
29.588

6
7
,8
9
10

14.631
1s.812
16.985
18.151
19.311

t7.275
18.549
19.812
2r.064
22.307

19.675
2t.026
22.362
23.685
24.996

21.920
23.337
24.736
26.t19
27.488

22.618
24.O54
25.472
26.873
28.259

24.725
26.2r7
27.688
29.141
30.578

26.757
28.300
29.819
31.319
32.801

3t.264
32.909
34.528
36.t23
37.697

t2
13
t4
l5

19.369
20.489
21.60s
22.718
23.828

20.465
2I.6ts
22.760
23.900
25.038

23.542
24.769
25.989
27.204
28.412

26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410

28.845
30.191
31.526
32.852
34.170

29.633
30.995
32.346
33.687
35.020

32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566

34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997

39.252
40.790
42.3t2
43.820
l5
145.3

16
I7
l8
19
20

?3.858
24.939
26.018
27.096
28.172

24.935
26.039
27.141
28.241
29.339

26.171
27.301
28.429
29.553
30.675

29.615
30.813
32.OO7
33.t96
34.382

32.671
33.924
35.172
36.4.15
37.652

35.479
36.781
38.076
39.364
40.646

36.343
37.659
38.968
40.270
41.566

38.932
40.289
41.638
42.980
44.314

41.401
42.796
44.181
45.558
46.928

46.797
48.268
49.728
51.179
52.620

2l
22
23
24
25

29.246
30.319
31.391
32.461
33.530

30.434
31.528
32.620
33.7t1
34.800

31.79s
32.9r2
34.027
3s.139
36.250

35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256

38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.713

4t.923
43.r94
44.461
45.722
46.979

42.856
44.140
45.419
46.693
47.962

45.642
46.963
48.278
49.588
50.892

48.290
49.645
50.993
52.336
53.672

54.052

26
27
28
29
30

44.165
s4323
6s.227
7s.689
86.120

4s.6t6
s6.334
66.981
77.577
88.130

47.269
58.164
68.972
79.715
90.405

s1.805
63.t67
74.397
85.527
96.s78

ss.759 s9.342
67.s05 71.420
79.O82 83.298
90.531 95.023
101.880 t06.629

60.436
72.613
84.580
96.388
108.069

63.691
76.154
88.379
100.425
t12.329

66.766
79.490
9r.952
104.215
tt6.32l

96.524 98.650 101.054 107.56s

106.906 109.141 rtl.667
I18.498

113.145 I 18.136
t24.342 r29.s6l

I19.648
t3t.t42

t24.tt6
135.807

128.299
140.170

t9

.005

2r.9ss

.001

ss.476
56.893
58.302
59.703
73.402
86.661
99.607

rtz.3t7
t24.839
137.208
149.449.

=a

I
2
J

!
f

ll

40
50
60
70
80
90
100

r"'
Table 9 PercentagePoints of the F Distribution
The table gives the values of Forur,r,

the l00a percentage point of the F distribution having 4 degrees of freedom in the

numerator arrd vzdegreesof freedomin the denominator.For eachpair of valuesof 4 and vz, Fa;vt,vzistabulatedfor a = 0.05,
beingbracketed.
0.025,0.01, 0.001,the 0.025-values
The lower percentagepoints of the distribution may be obtained
from the relation:
| ,='
Fl-o;ur,r,

| tso;vz,ut

:'lF.os,r,r, :' I z.ss=-q35.L

Example:F.ss,rz,a

Fo;rr,r,

161.4
(648),
40s2
4053*

199.5t
(800)
5000
5000*

215.7
(8tr)
5403
5405*

224.6 230.2 234.0

(e00) (e22) (e37)
5625
5625*

5764
5764*

5859
5859*

236.8
(e48)
s928
5929*

18. 5
(38.5)
98.5
998.5

1 9 .0
(3e.0)
99.0
999.0

1 9 .2
(3e.2)
99.2
999.2

19.2
(3e.2)
99.2
999.2

19.3
(3e.3)
99.3
999.3

19.3
(3e.3)
99.3
999.3

10.13
( 17. 4)
34.1
167.0

9 .5 5
(1 6 .0 )
30.8
148.5

9 .2 8
(1 5 .4 )
29.5
141.7

9 .1 2
(l s .l )
28.7
137.1

9.01
(14.e)
28.2
134.6

6 .5 9

249.0
(ee7)
6235
6235*

5981
5981f

19.4
(3e.4)
99.4
999.4

t9.4
(3e.4)
99.4
999.4

19.4
(3e.4)
99.4
999.4

19.4
(3e.4)
99.4
999.4

1 9. 5
(3 e. 5)
9 9. 5
999.s

19. 5
( 3e. 5)
99. 5
999.5

8.94
(r4.7)
27.9
t32.8

8.89
(14.6)
27.7
131.5

8.85
(14.5)
27.5
130.6

8.79
(r4.4)
27.2
129.2,

8.74
(14.3)
27.1
128.3

8.64
(1 4. 1)
26.6
125.9

8.53
( 13. e)
26.1
t23.5

6.16

6.09

6.04

49.00

5.91
(8.7s)
r4.4
47.41

5. 77
(8.51)
1 3. 9
45.77

5. 63
(8.26)
13. 5
44.0s

4.88
(6.85)
10.46
28.16

4.82
(6.76)
t0.29
27.65

4.74
(6.62)
10.05
26.92

4.68 .
(6.s2)
9.89
26.42

4.53
(6.28)
9.47
25.14

4.36
(6.02)
9.02
23.79

4.21

4.15

4.00
(5.37)
7.72
17.99

3.84
(s.r2)
7.31
16.90

3.67
(4.85)
6.88
15.75

4.95
(6.e8)
10.67
2&83
4.28

5 6 .1 8

6. 61

5.'79

5_41
(7.76)
12.06
33.20

5 .1 9
(7.3e)
1 1 .3 9
31.09

5.05
(7.15)
10.97
29.75

4 .5 3
(6.23)
9 .1 5
21.92

4.39
(5.ee)
8.7s
20.80

4.t2

3.9'7

(e.20) (e.07) (8.e8)

15.2
15.0
14.8

16.26
47. 18

13.27
37.12

5. 99r
( 8. 81 )
13.74
35. 51

L s.14

r0.92
27.00

4.76
(6.60)
9.78
23.70

5. 59
(8.07
t2.25
29.25

4 .7 4
(6.s4)
9.55
21.69

4 .3 5
(s.8e)
8.45
18.77

7.85
17.20

7.46
16.21

s.32
(7.s7)
11.26
25. 42

4.46
(6.06)
8.65
1 8 .4 9

4.07
(5.42)
7.59
1 5 .8 3

3.84
(s.05)
7.01
t4.39

3.69
(4.82)
6.63
13.48

6.37
12.86

6.18
t2.40

5. 12 j
(7.21)
10. 5 6
22. 86

4 .2 6
(5.71)
8 .0 2
1 6 .3 9

3 .8 6
(5.08)
6 .9 9
1 3 .9 0

3 .6 3
(4.72)
6.42
12.56

3.48
(4.48)
6.06
tt.1l

3.37
(4.32)
5.80
I I .13

l0

4. 96
(6.e4)
10. 04
21.04

4 .1 0
(s.46)
7 .5 6
14.91

3 .7 1
(4.83)
6 .5 5
12.55

3 .4 8
(4.47)
5 .9 9
11.28

3.33
(4.24)
5.64
10-48

4.84
(6.72)
9. 65
19.69

3 .9 8
(5.26)
7 .2 1
1 3 .8 1

3 .5 9
(4.63)
6 .2 2
1 1 .5 6

3 .3 6
(4.28)
5 .6 7
1 0 .3 5

4. 75
( 6. s 5 )
9. 33
18.64

3 .8 9
(5 .1 0 )
6 .9 3
12.97

3 .4 9
(4 .4 7 )
5 .9 5
10.80

3 .2 6
(4.12)
5 .4 1
9 .6 3

II

l2

Ma>

254.3
(lol8)
6366
6366r

5.96
(8.84)
l 4.s
48.05

49.66

6 1 .2 s

( r 0 .01) (8.43)

6056
6056*

243.9
(e77)
6106
6107*

50.53

74. 14

6 .9 4 /

241.9

(e6e)

6.26
(e.36)
15.5
51.71

6.39
(e.60)
1 6 .0
53.44

7.71

(r2.22) (1 0 .6 5 ) (e .e 8 )
16.7
18.0
21.2

238.9

(e57)

8.47
20.03

8.26
19.46

8.10
19.03

4.06
(5.46)
7.87
18.41

3.87
(5.12)
7.19
15.52

3.79
(4.ee)
6.99
15.02

3.73
(4.e0)
6.84
t4.63

3.64
(4.76)
6.62
14.08

3.57
(4.67)
6.47
13.71

3.41
(4.42)
6.07
12.73

3.23
(4.r4)
5.65
11.70

3.58

3.50

3.44
6.03
12.05

3.35
(4.30)
5-81
11.54

3.28
(4.20)
s.67
l l .l 9

3. 12
(3r5)
5.28
1 0. 30

2. 93
(3.67)
4.86
9. y

3.29
(4.20)
s.61
10.69

3.23
(4.10)
5.47
10.37

3.t4
(3.e6)
5.26
9.87

3.07
(3.87)
5.1I
9.57

2.90
( 3. 61)
4. 73
8.72

2.71
( 3. 33)
4. 31
7.81

3.22
(4.07)
5.39
9.93

3.14
(3.e5)
5.20
9.52

3.07
(3.85)
5.06
9.20

2.98
(3.72)
4.85
8;74

2.91
(3.62)
4.71
8.44

2.74
(3.37)
4. 33
7.64

( 3.
3. 91
6.76

3.20
(4.04)
5.32
9.58

3.09
(3.88)
5.07
9.05

3.01
(3.76)
4.89
8.66

2.95
(3.66)
4.74
8.35

2.85
(3.53)
4.54
7.92

2.79
(3.43)
4.40
7.63

2. 61
(3.r7)
4.02
6.85

3.11
(3.8e)
5.06
8.89

3.00
(3.73)
4.82
8.38

2.91
(3.61)
4.64
8.00

2.85
(3.51)
4.50
7;11

2.75
(3.37)
4.30
7.29

2.69
(3.28)
4.16
7.00

2. 51
(3.02)
3. 78
6.25

(s.s2) (s.ze)

(s.82) (s.70) (s.60)

(4.6s) (4.s3) (4.43)

* Entries marked thus must be multiplied by 100

20

2.v

2.N
tz .

3.ffi
6.00

2.to
(2
3.36
5.42

Table 9 PercentagePoints of the F Distribution - continued

10

ta

16

l8

4. 67
(6.4t)
9.07
17. 82

3 .8 1
(4.e7)
6.70
t2 .3 1

3 .4 1
(4.35)
5.74
10.21

3 .1 8
(4.00)
5.21
9.07

3.03
(3.77)
4.86
8.35

2.92
(3.60)
4.62
7.86

2.83
(3.48)
4.44
7.49

2.77
(3.3e)
4.30
7.21

4.60
(6.30)
8. 86
17. 14

3.74
(4.86)
6 .5 1
1 1 .7 8

3 .3 4
(4.24)
5.56
9.73

3 .1 I
(3.8e)
5.04
8.62

2 .96
(3.66)
4.70
'7.92

2.85
(3.50)
4.46
7.44

2.76
(3.38)
4.28
7.08

4.49
(6.12)
8. 53
16.12

3.63
(4.6e)
6 .2 3
10.97

3 .2 4
(4.08)
5.29
9.0r

3 .0 1
(3.73)
4.77
7.94

2.85
(3.50)
4.44
7.27

2.74
(3.34)
4.20
6.80

4. 41

3 .5 5

3 .1 6

2.77
(3.38)
4 .25
6 .81

2.66
(3.22)
4.01
6.35

8. 29
15. 38

6 .0 1
1 0 .3 9

5.09
8.49

2 .9 3
(3 .6 1 )
4.58
7.46

4. 35
(s.87)
8. 10
14.82

3 .4 9
(4.46)
5 .8 5
9.95

3 .1 0
(3 .8 6 )
4.94
8 .1 0

2 .8 7
(3 .s 1 )
4.43
7 .1 0

2.71
(3.2e)
4 .10
6.46

2.60
(3.13)
3.87
6.02

4.30
(s.7e)

3.44
(4.38)

2.82
(3.44)
4 .3 1
6.81

2.66
(3.22)
3 .99
6 . 19

(s.e8) (4.s6) (3 .e 5 )

20

22

7.9s

s.72

14. 38

9 .6 1

3.05
(3.78)
4 .8 2
7,80

24

4.26
(s.72)
7. 82
14. 03

3.40
(4.32)
5 .6 1
9 .3 4

3.01
(3.72
4.72
7 .5 5

2.78
(3.38)
4.22
6 .5 9

26

4. 23
(5.66)
7. 72
13. 74

3 .3 7
(4.27)
5 .5 3
9 .1 2

2.98
(3.67)
4 .6 4
7 .3 6

2.74
(3.33)
4 .t4
6 .4 1

28

4.20
(5.61)
7.64
13_50

3.34
(4.22)
5.45
8 .9 3

2 .9 5
(3.63)
4 .5 7
7 .1 9

30

4. 17
(s.57)
7. 56
13.29

3 .3 2
(4.18)
5 .3 9
8.77

4. 08
(s.42)
7 . 31
12.61
4. 00

40

60

2.60

24

2.42

4.10
6.80

3.96
6.s2

3.59
5.78

2. 21
(2.60)
3. t 7
4.97

2.70
(3.2e)
4.14
6.80

2.60
(3.1s)
3.94
6.40

2.53
(3.05)
3.80
6.13

2.35
(2.7e )
3.43
5.41

2. t 3
(2.4e)
3.00
4.60

2.66
(3.22)
4.03
6.46

2.59
(3.r2)
3.89
6.19

2.49
(2.ee)
3.69
5.81

2.42
(2.8e)
3.55
5.55

2.24
(2.63)
3.18
4.85

2. 01
(2.32)
2.75
4.06

2.58
(3.10)
3.84
6.02

2.sl
(3.01)
3.71
5.76

2.41
(2.87)
3.51
5.39

2.34
(2.77)
3.37
5.13

2.15
(2.50)
3.00
4.45

1. 92
(2.1e)
2. 57
3.67

2.51

2.4s

2.35

2.08
(2.41)
2.86
4.15

1.84
(2.0e)
2.42
3. 38

(3.2s) (3.1s) (z.se)

3.70
5.69

3.56
5.44

3.37
5.08

2.28
(2.68)
3.23
4.82

2.55
(3.0s)
3.76
s.76

2.46
(2.e3)
3.59
5.44

2.40
(2.84)
3.4s
5.19

2.30
{2.70)
3.26
4.83

2.23
(2.60)
3.12
4.58

2.03
(2.33)
2.75
3.92

1. 78
(2.00)
2. 31
3. 15

2.62
(3 .15)
3 . 90
5 . 98

2.5',1
(2.ee)
3.67
5.55

2.42
(2.87)
3.50
5.23

2.36
(2.78)
3.36
4.99

2.25
(2.64)
3.17
4.64

2.18
(2.s4)
3.03
4.39

1.98
(2.27)
\.66
3.74

| .73
(1.e4)
2.21
2. 97

2 . 59

2.47

2.39

2.22
(z.se)
3.09
4.48

2.75
(2.4e)
2.96
4.24

1.95
(2.22)
2.58
3.59

1. 69
(1.88)
2. 13
2.82

(3.0r) (2.e1) (2.77)

3 . 82
5 . 80

3.59
5.38

3.42
s.a7

232
(2.73)
3.29
4.83

2 .7 1
(3.2e)
4 .0 7
6 .2 5

2.s6
(3.06)
3 . 75
5.66

2.45
(2.e0)
3.53
5.24

2.36
(2.78)
3.36
4.93

2.29
(2.6e)
3.23
4.69

2.19
(2.55)
3.03
4.35

2.12
(2.4s)
2.90
4.11

1.91
(2.r7)
2.52
3.46

1. 65
( 1. 83)
2.06
2.69

2.92
(3.5e)
4 .5 1
7 .0 5

2.69
(3.25)
4 .0 2
6 .1 2

2.53
(3.03)
3.70
5 .53

2.42
(2.87)
3.47
5.12

2.33

2.27

2.16

1.89
(2.r4)
2.47
3.36

1. 62
(1.7e)
2. 01
2. 59

3 .2 3
(4.05)
5 .1 8
8.25

2 .8 4
(3 .4 6 )
4 .3 1
6 .5 9

2 .6 1
(3 .1 3 )
3 .8 3
5 .7 0

2 .45
(2.e0)
3 .51
5 .13

3 .I 5

216

(3.r0) (2.e4) (2.82)

3.30
4.82

3.17
4.58

2.98
4.24

2.09
(2.41)
2.84
4.00

2.34
(2.74)
3.29
4.73

2.25
(2.62)
3.12
4.44

2.18
(2.s3)
2.99
4.2r

2.08
(2.3e)
2.80
3.87

2.00
(2.2e)
2.66
3.64

1.79
(2.01 )
2.29
3.01

I . 51
( 1. 64)
1. 80
2. 23

2 . 31
(2.7e)
3 .34
4 .76

2.25
(2.63)
3.12
4.37

2.17
(2.s1)
2.95
4.09

2.10
(2.41)
2.82
3.86

1.99
(2.27)
2.63
3.54

1.92
(2.r'/)
2.50
3.32

1.70
(1.88)
2.12
2.69

1. 39
( 1. 48)
1. 60
1. 89

(2.7s) (2.6s) (2.s1)

7. 08
11.97

4 .9 8
7.77

4 .1 3
6 .1 7

2.s3
(3 .0 1 )
3 .6 5
5 .3 1

3. 92
( s . 15)
6. 85
r 1. 38

3 .0 7
(3 .8 0 )
4 .7 9
7 .3 2

2 .6 8
(3.23)
3 .9 5
5.'78

2 .4 5
(2.8e)
3 .4 8
4.95

2 . 29
(2.67)
3 .17
4.42

2.18
(2.s2)
2.96
4.04

2.09
(2.3e)
2.79'
3.77

2.02
(2.30)
2.66
3.55

l .9l
(2.16)
2.47
3.24

1.83
(2.0s)
2.34
3.02

1.61
(1;76 )
1.95
2.40

1. 25
( 1. 3r )
I . 38
1. 54

3. 84
( s . 02)
6. 63
10. 83

3 .0 0
(3 .6 e )
4 .6 1
6 .9 1

2 .6 0
(3.r2)
3 .7 8
5.42

2 .3 7
(2.7e)
3 .3 2
4.62

2 .21
(2.57)
3 .02
4 . 10

2.10
(2.41)
2.80
3.74

2.01
(2.2e)
2.64
3.47

r.94
(2.1e)
2.51
3.27

l .83
(2.05)
2.32
2.96

1.75
(1.e4)
2.18
2.'t4

1.s2
(1 64)
r." 79
2.t3

1. 00
( 1. 00)
1. 00
1. 00

(s.2e) (3.e3) (3 .3 4 )

t20

2.67

12

This table is taken from Table V of Fisher & Yates: Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical R"t""*,\r, reprinte<t by
permission of Addison Wesley Longman Ltd and also fiom Table l8 of Biometika Tablesfor Statisticians, Volurne l. by rrermission of
Oxford University Press and the Biometrika Trustees.

2l