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    Lesson 36: de Broglie Wavelengths

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    leikas57
    Prince Louis de Broglie proposed in 1923 that particles like electrons could sometimes behave like waves, just as waves were sometimes found to behave like particles. His idea combined equations for particle momentum and wave properties to define a wavelength for any moving particle. Experimental evidence to support this was difficult to obtain because wavelengths would be too small to measure for most objects. However, electrons have small masses and thus longer wavelengths that could potentially be observed through diffraction. In 1927, Davisson and Germer fired electrons at a nickel crystal and observed an interference pattern from the electrons diffracting, providing direct evidence that particles can behave as waves as de Broglie predicted.

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    Lesson 36: de Broglie Wavelengths

    Uploaded by

    leikas57
    22 views2 pages
    Prince Louis de Broglie proposed in 1923 that particles like electrons could sometimes behave like waves, just as waves were sometimes found to behave like particles. His idea combined equations for particle momentum and wave properties to define a wavelength for any moving particle. Experimental evidence to support this was difficult to obtain because wavelengths would be too small to measure for most objects. However, electrons have small masses and thus longer wavelengths that could potentially be observed through diffraction. In 1927, Davisson and Germer fired electrons at a nickel crystal and observed an interference pattern from the electrons diffracting, providing direct evidence that particles can behave as waves as de Broglie predicted.

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    Debroglie

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    36_debroglie

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    Prince Louis de Broglie proposed in 1923 that particles like electrons could sometimes behave like waves, just as waves were sometimes found to behave like particles. His idea combined equations for particle momentum and wave properties to define a wavelength for any moving particle. Experimental evidence to support this was difficult to obtain because wavelengths would be too small to measure for most objects. However, electrons have small masses and thus longer wavelengths that could potentially be observed through diffraction. In 1927, Davisson and Germer fired electrons at a nickel crystal and observed an interference pattern from the electrons diffracting, providing direct evidence that particles can behave as waves as de Broglie predicted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views2 pages

    Lesson 36: de Broglie Wavelengths

    Uploaded by

    leikas57
    Prince Louis de Broglie proposed in 1923 that particles like electrons could sometimes behave like waves, just as waves were sometimes found to behave like particles. His idea combined equations for particle momentum and wave properties to define a wavelength for any moving particle. Experimental evidence to support this was difficult to obtain because wavelengths would be too small to measure for most objects. However, electrons have small masses and thus longer wavelengths that could potentially be observed through diffraction. In 1927, Davisson and Germer fired electrons at a nickel crystal and observed an interference pattern from the electrons diffracting, providing direct evidence that particles can behave as waves as de Broglie predicted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Lesson 36: de Broglie Wavelengths

    In 1923 Prince Louis de Broglie proposed a new idea


    Could things believed to be particles (like electrons and baseballs so!eti!es
    act like waves"
    #ll the stu$$ discovered so $ar has shown that what appeared to be waves
    (%&' so!eti!es acted like a particle( so de Broglie )ust wanted to know i$
    particles could act like waves*
    +obod, reall, took de Broglie seriousl, until %instein read his paper and
    agreed with his ideas*
    de Broglie suggested co!bining a couple o$ $or!ulas( one o$ the! a particle t,pe( the
    other a wave t,pe*
    p=mv p=
    h


    mv=
    h

    =
    h
    mv
    - . wavelength (!
    h . Planck/s Constant (alwa,s 0*03e132
    ! . !ass (kg
    v . velocit, (!3s
    4his $or!ula allows us to calculate the de Broglie 5avelength o$ a
    !oving particle*
    6or an ob)ect to have a wavelength( it !ust be !oving*
    7a, to da, ob)ects that are around us have wavelengths so s!all
    that we can never hope to !easure the!*
    Example 18 Determine the de Broglie wavelength o$ a 9*29kg ball
    !oving at 1:!3s*
    =
    h
    mv
    =
    0*03e132
    9*291:
    =2*2e132m
    +ow the hard part $inding e;peri!ental data to support the theor,*
    4he proble! was that no one had ever seen a particle di$$ract or inter$ere with another particle(
    which would be proo$ that the particle was acting like a wave*
    5ith wavelengths as s!all as the one we $ound in %;a!ple 1( it/s i!possible to see the wave
    properties*
    <3223299< = stud,ph,sics*ca Page 1 o$ 2 3 >ection 12*2
    Illustration 1:
    Louis de
    Broglie
    Warning!
    Many people make the
    mistake of calculating the
    energy of the moving particle
    using kinetic energy, then
    using E = hc / to find the
    wavelength. You can NO do
    this, as it assumes the mass
    stops, changing all its energy
    into a pulse of EM!.
    'e!e!ber $ro! ?oung@s 7ouble >lit e;peri!ent that to be able to see the e$$ects o$
    di$$raction and !easure wavelength( ,ou need slits or ob)ects which are not !uch larger
    than the wavelengths being studied*
    It is i!possible to build a di$$raction grating as s!all as 19
    132
    !* 4hat/s s!aller than the
    orbits o$ electrons around a nucleusA
    But notice where !ass is in the $or!ula with a reall, s!all !ass (like an electron( the
    wavelength gets biggerA
    4hese !ight be !easurable*
    Example 28 Determine the wavelength o$ an electron accelerated b, a 199B potential di$$erence*
    6irst calculate the velocit, o$ the electron using $or!ulas ,ou used in the electricit, unit
    E
    k
    =
    1
    2
    mv
    2
    E=qV
    qV=
    1
    2
    mv
    2
    v=

    2CB
    m
    v=

    21*09e119199
    9*11e131
    v=:*93e0m/ s
    +ow use that velocit, to calculate the wavelength
    =
    h
    mv
    =
    0*03e132
    9*11e131:*93e0
    =1*23e119 m
    #lthough this wavelength is ver, s!all( the spaces between the ato!s o$ a
    cr,stal are about this siDe*
    7avisson and Eer!er shot electrons at a cr,stal sa!ple o$ nickel in a
    vacuu! tube and observed a di$$raction pattern*
    4he spaces between the ato!s o$ nickel are about the sa!e siDe
    as the wavelength o$ the !oving electrons( so the, acted like the
    openings in a di$$raction grating*
    Fn the other side o$ the nickel the electrons (acting as waves
    inter$ering with each other hit the phosphorescent coating on the
    tube and $or!ed the glowing pattern as shown in Illustration 2*
    Gust like !easuring values in ?oung/s 7ouble >lit e;peri!ent( we
    can !ake si!ilar !easure!ents here to $ind the wavelength*
    4he value de Broglie predicted and 7avisson1Eer!er/s values were
    e;actl, the sa!e*
    4he conclusion8 particles have wave propertiesA

    <3223299< = stud,ph,sics*ca Page 2 o$ 2 3 >ection 12*2
    Illustration 2:
    Interference pattern seen
    for electron diffraction.

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