SAMPLE FORM K

APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIEF

Sample Form K
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT, DIVISION ONE



THE THREE BEARS,

Plaintiffs and Respondents,

v.

GOLDILOCKS,

Defendant and Appellant.

Court of Appeal No. D0_________



(Super. Ct. No. _____________)



Appeal From a J udgment [or Order]
Of The Superior Court, County of _________________
Hon. ______________________, J udge
[Superior Court Judge]

_________________________________________

APPELLANT'S OPENING BRIEF
_________________________________________


Your name
Your Address
Your Phone Number During the Day

Appellant [or Respondent]
Self-Represented




If Appellant's Opening Brief, this cover page is
green.

If Respondent's Brief, this cover page is yellow.

If Appellant's Reply Brief, this cover page is tan.
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Sample Form K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ii

STATEMENT OF THE CASE 1

STATEMENT OF APPEALABILITY 1

STATEMENT OF FACTS 1

ARGUMENT

I. GOLDILOCKS WAS GIVEN IMPLIED CONSENT 2
TO ENTER THE HOUSE AND THUS HER ENTRY WAS NOT
"WRONGFUL"

A. The Standard of Review 2

B. Elements of the Action 2

C. No Evidence of Wrongful Entry 3

CONCLUSION 4

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE 5
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES


CASES



Page

Gallin v. Poulou (1956) 140 Cal.App.2d 638. 3

Miller v. National Broadcasting Co. (1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 1463. 3

Williams v. General Elec. Credit Corp. (1946) 159 Cal.App.2d 527. 3

Williams v. Wraxall (1995) 33 Cal.App.4th 120. 2


STATUTES (if any)

OTHER

Restatement 2nd of Torts, section 167. 3

5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (9th ed. 1988) 3
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Sample Form K
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
The Three Bears filed a complaint in August 2001 alleging Goldilocks had trespassed on
their property by entering their home when they were not at home, consuming a meal and falling
asleep in a bed. The complaint alleged that Baby Bear had suffered physical and mental
damages as a result of being frightened upon discovering Goldilocks. (I CT 1-4.) After a civil
trial on the matter over a period of two days, the court found that Goldilocks had committed
trespass. (I CT 25.) The court entered a final judgment in favor of the Three Bears in the
amount of $50,000. (I CT 27.)
STATEMENT OF APPEALABILITY
This appeal is from the judgment of the San Diego County Superior Court and is
authorized by the Code of Civil Procedure, section 904.1, subdivision (a)(1).
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Papa Bear lives in San Diego, California with his wife, Mama Bear and son, Baby Bear.
(I RT 1.) Appellant Goldilocks lives a few miles away on the other side of the forest. (I RT 25.)
The Bears' neighbor, Gloria Gardner, watched what happened from her garden next door. (I RT
15.)
Gardner testified she saw the Bear family leave their house without shutting the front
door about 8:00 a.m. and saw Goldilocks enter the house at about 8:30. At about 9:30 a.m. she
heard screams and saw Goldilocks run from the Bears' house. (I RT 17.)
The Bears testified that when they returned from the walk, they saw they had left the
front door open. (I RT 3.) Food was missing from the dining room table. (I RT 4.) Baby Bear
found Goldilocks asleep in his bed. (I RT 6.) Terrified, Baby Bear screamed and woke up
Goldilocks. (I RT 9.) Startled and confused, Goldilocks ran from the Bears' house. (I RT 30.)
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An expert bear cub psychologist, Dr. Dramatic, who has done extensive research in the
phobias of young bears, testified to the traumatic effects when a bear cub comes in contact with a
human child. Baby Bear had physical symptoms of blackouts stemming from his encounter with
Goldilocks as well as mental anguish requiring therapy. (I RT 21-24.)
Goldilocks testified she was looking for a boarding facility to take a rest, the Bears' house
was very large, there was no fence to indicate this was private property, the door of the house
was left open and there was a mat at the front door that said "WELCOME". (I RT 25-26.) She
thought this was a commercial boarding establishment, as large amounts of food were set out as
if for guests; she looked for someone to ask about spending the night and saw several sets of
chairs and beds all in different sizes. (I RT 27-28.) She sat down on a bed and fell asleep. (I RT
29.)
ARGUMENT

I. GOLDILOCKS WAS GIVEN IMPLIED CONSENT TO ENTER THE HOUSE AND THUS
HER ENTRY WAS NOT "WRONGFUL"

A. The Standard of Review. The trial court erred in finding that Goldilocks trespassed
on the Bears' property as there is no substantial evidence to support that finding. On review, the
appellate court looks to the record to see if there are facts to support the trial court or jury's
findings. If there is any substantial evidence to support the verdict, the court will affirm. If there
are conflicts in the facts, the court will resolve the conflict in favor of the party who won in the
trial court. (Williams v. Wraxall (1995) 33 Cal.App.4th 120, 132.)
B. The Elements of the Action. A trespass occurs when a person intentionally,
recklessly or negligently enters land in the possession of another. (Gallin v. Poulou (1956) 140
Cal.App.2d 638, 645.) The intent to enter is the only intent needed. (Miller v. National
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Sample Form K
Broadcasting Co. (1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 1463, 1480.) However, consent or permission to enter
upon the property is a defense. (Williams v. General Elec. Credit Corp. (1946) 159 Cal.App.2d
527, 532; 5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (9th ed. 1988) Torts, 607, p. 706; Rest.2d
Torts, 167.)
C. No Evidence of Wrongful Entry. Here, Goldilocks did not intend to enter on private
property. She thought the Bears' house was a public, commercial boarding house. Although her
actual intent is not a legal defense, her actual intent reinforces her argument that she had consent
to enter the building. The door was open, the WELCOME mat was out, the food was on the
table, and there were many beds and chairs about. All of this points to the conclusion the Bears
were prepared for and awaiting the arrival of numerous persons and supports Goldilocks' belief
this was a boarding house and there was no reason for her not to enter. At a minimum the house
was prepared and open for an "open house". No evidence points to any indication the house was
closed, off-limits to outsiders, or limited in the types of persons who would be admitted. There
is no evidence to support a finding Goldilocks' entry was wrongful. The judgment must be
reversed.
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CONCLUSION
Goldilocks submits the Three Bears have failed to meet their burden of proving that her
entry into their house was wrongful and, thus, a trespass. All of the evidence supports a finding
that the Bears by their conduct consented to Goldilocks' entry. Goldilocks respectfully asks that
this Court reverse the decision of the trial court and vacate the award of damages.
Respectfully submitted,
DATED: By _____________________
(Signature)
_____________________
(Your name-printed or typed)
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Sample Form K
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

Pursuant to rule 8.204(c) of the California Rules of Court, I hereby certify that this brief
contains _________ words, including footnotes. In making this certification, I have relied on the
word count of the computer program used to prepare the brief.
By _____________________
(Your Signature)








An original Proof of Service must be attached to every original
document filed with the court. A copy of the Proof of Service
must be attached to every document served on all counsel and
self-represented parties. (See Sample Form C.)