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Aries D. Marzo Mrs. Editha Pagcaliwangan

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the
transition between the Classical and Romantic eras inWestern art music, he remains
one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions
include 9symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets.
He also composed other chamber music, choral works (including the celebrated Missa
solemnis), and songs.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman
Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his
father Johann van Beethoven and by Christian Gottlob Neefe. During his first 22 years
in Bonn, Beethoven intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and
befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 and began studying
with Haydn, quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in Vienna until
his death. In about 1800 his hearing began to deteriorate, and by the last decade of his
life he was almost totally deaf. He gave up conducting and performing in public but
continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period.







Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist. Born in Hamburg into
a Lutheranfamily, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria. In his
lifetime, Brahms's popularity and influence were considerable. He is sometimes grouped
with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the "Three Bs", a
comment originally made by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Blow.
Brahms composed for piano, chamber ensembles, symphony orchestra, and for voice
and chorus. A virtuoso pianist, he premiered many of his own works; he worked with
some of the leading performers of his time, including the pianist Clara Schumann and
the violinist Joseph Joachim (the three were close friends). Many of his works have
become staples of the modern concert repertoire. Brahms, an uncompromising
perfectionist, destroyed some of his works and left others unpublished.








Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer, best known for his
compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande messe des morts (Requiem). Berlioz
made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on
Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works, and
conducted several concerts with more than 1,000 musicians.
[2]
He also composed
around 50 songs. His influence was critical for the further development of Romanticism,
especially in composers like Richard Wagner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Franz
Liszt, Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler and many others.











Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer whose works
included symphonies,concertos, operas, ballets, chamber music, and a choral setting of
the Russian Orthodox Divine Liturgy. Some of these are among the most popular
theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose
music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances
as a guest conductor later in his career in Europe and the United States. One of these
appearances was at the inaugural concert of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891.
Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime
pension in the late 1880s.
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil
servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no
system of public music education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he
entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1865.
The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers
of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The
Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed.








Franz Liszt was a 19th-centuryHungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor,
teacher and Franciscan tertiary. Liszt gained renown in Europe during the early
nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries
to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age, and in the 1840s he was
considered to be the greatest pianist of all time. Liszt was also a well-known and
influential composer, piano teacher and conductor. He was a benefactor to other
composers, includingRichard Wagner, Hector Berlioz, Camille Saint-Sans, Edvard
Grieg and Alexander Borodin.










Frdric Franois Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of
the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano. He gained and has maintained
renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era, whose "poetic genius was
based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation."
[1]
Chopin
was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after
1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical
education and composed many of his works in Warsaw before leaving Poland, aged 20,
less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising.
At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he
gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of
the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for
which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was
admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835
he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to a Polish girl, from 1837 to
1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand.
A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 183839 was one of his most
productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his
admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotlandin 1848. Through most
of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably
of tuberculosis.



Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer.Despite dying at age thirty-one,
Schubert was extremely prolific. His output consists of over six hundred secular vocal
works (mainly Lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental
music and a large body of chamber and piano music. Appreciation of his music while he
was alive was limited to a relatively small circle of admirers in Vienna, but interest in his
work increased significantly in the decades following his death.Felix
Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and other 19th-century
composers discovered and championed his works. Today, Schubert is ranked among
the greatest composers of the late Classical era and early Romantic era and is one of
the most frequently performed composers of the early nineteenth century.











Robert Schumann was a German composer and influential music critic. He is widely
regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the
study of law, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. He had been assured by
his teacher Friedrich Wieck that he could become the finest pianist in Europe, but a
hand injury ended this dream. Schumann then focused his musical energies on
composing.
Schumann's published compositions were written exclusively for the piano until 1840;
he later composed works for piano and orchestra; many Lieder (songs for voice and
piano); four symphonies; an opera; and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works.
Works such asKinderszenen, Album fr die Jugend, Blumenstck, Sonatas and
Albumbltter are among his most famous. His writings about music appeared mostly in
the Neue Zeitschrift fr Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication
which he jointly founded.








Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and
conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were
later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both
the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation
as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner
revolutionised opera through his concept of theGesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"), by
which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music
subsidiary to drama, and which was announced in a series of essays between 1849 and
1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der
Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).