To find the table level fragmentation:

The first thing we have to do is, we have to analyze the table by using ANALYZE TABLE<TNAME>
COMPUTE STATISTICS;
After that we have to check thetable name called dba_tables column called chain_cnt if the value of
chain_cnt>0 the table is fragmented.keep in mind that we came to know this only after analyzing the
particular table by using ANALYZE.. cmd. before go to the analyzing we check when the corresponding
table has analyzed by the table dba_tables column is last_analyzed.

Table fragmentation

When rows are not stored contiguously, or if rows are split onto more
than one block, performance decreases because these rows require
additional block accesses.
Note that table fragmentation is different from file fragmentation. When
a lot of DML operations are applied on a table, the table will become
fragmented because DML does not release free space from the table
below the HWM.
HWM is an indicator of USED BLOCKS in the database. Blocks below the
high water mark (used blocks) have at least once contained data. This
data might have been deleted. Since Oracle knows that blocks beyond the
high water mark don't have data, it only reads blocks up to the high water
mark when doing a full table scan.
DDL statement always resets the HWM.
How to find table fragmentation?
SQL> select count(*) from big1;
1000000 rows selected.
SQL> delete from big1 where rownum <= 300000;

300000 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> update big1 set object_id = 0 where rownum
<=350000;
342226 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','BIG1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Table size (with fragmentation)
SQL> select table_name,round((blocks*8),2)||'kb' "size"
from user_tables
where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 72952kb

Actual data in table:
SQL> select
table_name,round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb'
"size"
from user_tables
where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME

size

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1

30604.2kb

Note = 72952 - 30604 = 42348 Kb is wasted space in table

The difference between two values is 60% and Pctfree 10% (default) - so,
the table has 50% extra space which is wasted because there is no data.
How to reset HWM / remove fragemenation?
For that we need to reorganize the fragmented table.
We have four options to reorganize fragmented tables:
1. alter table ... move + rebuild indexes
2. export / truncate / import
3. create table as select ( CTAS)
4. dbms_redefinition
Option: 1 "alter table ... move + rebuild indexes"
SQL> alter table BIG1 move;

Table altered.
SQL> select status,index_name from user_indexes
2 where table_name = 'BIG1';
STATUS INDEX_NAME
-------- -----------------------------UNUSABLE BIGIDX
SQL> alter index bigidx rebuild;
Index altered.
SQL> select status,index_name from user_indexes
2 where table_name = 'BIG1';
STATUS INDEX_NAME
-------- -----------------------------VALID BIGIDX

SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','BIG1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select table_name,round((blocks*8),2)||'kb' "size"

2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 38224kb
SQL> select
table_name,round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 30727.37kb
Option: 2

table as select
SQL> create table big2 as select * from big1;
Table created.

SQL> drop table big1 purge;

Table dropped.
SQL> rename big2 to big1;
Table renamed.
SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','BIG1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name,round((blocks*8),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 85536kb
SQL> select
table_name,round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';

TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 68986.97kb
SQL> select status from user_indexes
2 where table_name = 'BIG1';
no rows selected
SQL> --Note we need to create all indexes.
Option: 3 "export / truncate / import"
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 85536kb
SQL> select table_name,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';

TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 42535.54kb
SQL> select status from user_indexes where table_name =
'BIG1';
STATUS
-------VALID
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise
Edition Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Pr
oduction
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
C:\>exp scott/tiger@Orcl file=c:\big1.dmp tables=big1
Export: Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Jul 28
16:30:44 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition

Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Produc
tion
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16
NCHAR character set
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path
...
. . exporting table BIG1 468904 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
C:\>sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Jul 28
16:31:12 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release
10.1.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> truncate table big1;
Table truncated.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise
Edition Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Pr
oduction
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
C:\>imp scott/tiger@Orcl file=c:\big1.dmp ignore=y
Import: Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Jul 28
16:31:54 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition
Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Produc
tion
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.01.00 via
conventional path
import done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16
NCHAR character set
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table "BIG1" 468904 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

C:\>sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Jul 28
16:32:21 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release
10.1.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 85536kb
SQL> select table_name,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';

TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 42535.54kb
SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','BIG1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 51840kb
SQL> select table_name,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'BIG1';
TABLE_NAME size

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------BIG1 42542.27kb

SQL> select status from user_indexes where table_name =
'BIG1';
STATUS
-------VALID
SQL> exec
dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('SCOTT','BIG1',> dbms_redefinition.cons_use_pk);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Option: 4 "dbms_redefinition"
SQL> create table TABLE1 (
no number,
name varchar2(20) default 'NONE',
ddate date default SYSDATE);
Table created.
SQL> alter table table1 add constraint pk_no primary
key(no);

Table altered.
SQL> begin
for x in 1..100000 loop
insert into table1 ( no , name, ddate)
values ( x , default, default);
end loop;
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> create or replace trigger tri_table1
2 after insert on table1
3 begin
4 null;
5 end;
6 /
Trigger created.
SQL> select count(*) from table1;
COUNT(*)
---------100000

SQL> delete table1 where rownum <= 50000;

50000 rows deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','TABLE1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------TABLE1 2960kb
SQL> select table_name,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';

TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------TABLE1 822.69kb

SQL> --Minimum Privs required "DBA" role or "SELECT" on

dbms_redefinition pkg
SQL> --First check table is condidate for redefinition.
SQL>
SQL> exec
sys.dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('SCOTT',> 'TABLE1',> sys.dbms_redefinition.cons_use_pk);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> --After verifying that the table can be redefined
online, you manually crea
te an empty interim table (in the same schema as the
table to be redefined)
SQL>
SQL> create table TABLE2 as select * from table1 WHERE
1 = 2;
Table created.

SQL> exec sys.dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table (

'SCOTT',> 'TABLE1',> 'TABLE2');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> --This procedure keeps the interim table
synchronized with the original tab
le.
SQL>
SQL> exec sys.dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table
('SCOTT',> 'TABLE1',> 'TABLE2');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> --Create PRIMARY KEY on interim table(TABLE2)
SQL> alter table TABLE2
2 add constraint pk_no1 primary key (no);
Table altered.
SQL> create trigger tri_table2
2 after insert on table2

3 begin
4 null;
5 end;
6 /
Trigger created.
SQL> --Disable foreign key on original table if exists
before finish this proces
s.
SQL>
SQL> exec sys.dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table (
'SCOTT',> 'TABLE1',> 'TABLE2');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','TABLE1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2)||'kb'
"size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';

TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------TABLE1 1376kb
SQL> select table_name,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||'kb' "size"
2 from user_tables
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';
TABLE_NAME size
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------TABLE1 841.4kb
SQL> select status,constraint_name
2 from user_constraints
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';
STATUS CONSTRAINT_NAME
-------- -----------------------------ENABLED PK_NO1
SQL> select status ,trigger_name
2 from user_triggers
3 where table_name = 'TABLE1';

STATUS TRIGGER_NAME
-------- -----------------------------ENABLED TRI_TABLE2
SQL> drop table TABLE2 PURGE;
Table dropped.
http://dbataj.blogspot.com/2007/07/table-fragmentation.html

Mohammad taj's blog

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Need more information
Submitted by dbauser on Thu, 2008-07-24 05:01.
Hi Taj,
Your post is very intresting and usefull for me.
I have modified your two queries into one single query for getting an idea
about Fragmentation. The result is confusing to me, some values under
the Actual data is greater than the table size.
select owner,table_name,round((blocks*8),2)||' kb' "TABLE
SIZE",round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2)||' kb' "ACTUAL DATA"
from dba_tables
where tablespace_name ='APPS_TS_SUMMARY';
TABLE_NAME TABLE SIZE ACTUAL DATA
--------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -----------------PJI_FP_ORG_ET_WT_F_MV 482048 kb 509799.45 kb
PJI_AV_ORGO_F_MV 1073920 kb 1212982.62 kb
Could you please help me to clear my doubt.

Many Thanks!
Regards,
Deep

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RE: need info
Submitted by Mohammad taj on Thu, 2008-07-24 06:33.
1. Check table is NOT COMPRESS mode.
select compression from dba_tables where table_name IN
('YOUR_TABLES');
if you get ENABLED then you can get output which your getting in above
query.
for example:
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYSTEM','T');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2) tablesize,
round((num_rows*avg_row_l
en/1024),2) actualsize from dba_tables
2

where table_name='T';

TABLE_NAME

TABLESIZE ACTUALSIZE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------T

SQL> alter table t move nocompress;

2320

6658.21

Table altered.
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYSTEM','T');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2) tablesize,
round((num_rows*avg_row_l
en/1024),2) actualsize from dba_tables
2

where table_name='T';

TABLE_NAME

TABLESIZE ACTUALSIZE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------T

7344

6658.21

Your query is not identical same as mine.

use mine query or use TABLE_NAME in where clause instead of
TABLESPACE_NAME.
Best Regards
Mohammed Taj
http://dbataj.blogspot.com
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/oracleclub/

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RE: need info
Submitted by dbauser on Fri, 2008-07-25 03:02.
Hi,
I have checked, the table is not COMPRESSED.

SQL> col BLOCKS format 9999999999.999

SQL> col num_rows format 9999999999.999
SQL> col avg_row_len format 9999999999.999
SQL> select table_name, blocks,num_rows,avg_row_len from dba_tables
where table_name='PJI_FP_ORG_ET_WT_F_MV';
TABLE_NAME BLOCKS NUM_ROWS AVG_ROW_LEN
------------------------------ --------------- --------------- --------------PJI_FP_ORG_ET_WT_F_MV 60256.000 2776780.000 188.000
SQL> select table_name, round((blocks*8),2) tablesize,
round((num_rows*avg_row_len/1024),2) actualsize,COMPRESSION from
dba_tables where table_name='PJI_FP_ORG_ET_WT_F_MV';
TABLE_NAME TABLESIZE ACTUALSIZE COMPRESS
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------PJI_FP_ORG_ET_WT_F_MV 482048 509799.45 DISABLED