High Efficiency and High Power Factor Single-Stage Balanced Forward-Flyback Converter
High Efficiency and High Power Factor Single-Stage Balanced Forward-Flyback Converter
High Efficiency and High Power Factor Single-Stage Balanced Forward-Flyback Converter
Jeong-il Kang
I.
INTRODUCTION
822
IO
n(1 - D )
N C VIN
)
D 2TS
N P 2 LM
(1)
(2)
V
IN
L
m
V
IN
L
m
N
- p
Nc
nV
IN
L
m
I Lm _ flyback =
V
IN
L
m
I Lm _ forward =
1
2
n (1 - D )
(1 +
Io
Nc VIN 2
)
D Ts
Np Lm
OPERATION PRINCIPLES
A. Operational principles
Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of the proposed forwardflyback converter. As shown in this figure, its primary side is
exactly same as that of the conventional flyback converter
consisting of one power switch (M1) and one transformer. On
the other hand, its secondary side consists of one output
inductor (Lo) for forward operation, one DC blocking capacitor
(Cb) for balancing operation and three output Diodes (D1, D2,
D3).
When M1 is conducting, the proposed converter operates as a
forward converter as shown in Fig 7. On the other hand, when
M1 is blocked, the proposed converter operates as a flyback
converter as shown in Fig 8. However, if it is assumed that the
proposed converter has no balancing capacitor Cb,
abovementioned forward operation is possible only when the
reflected primary voltage Vin/n to the transformer secondary
side is higher than the output voltage Vo. This is because the
forward converter is originated from the buck converter.
Therefore, the forward-flyback converter operates only as a
flyback converter over the range of Vin/n < Vo. Especially, at
the minimum input voltage near Vin=90Vrms, Vin/n is lower than
Vo during most of periods and thus, the transformer has a large
magnetizing offset current similar to the conventional flyback
converter. In this case, the transformer core loss and
M _off
iin
M _on
M _on
M _off
M _off
iLm
Ts
M _off
M _on
M _off
M _on
M _off
Ts
M _on
iin
M _off
iin
iLm
M _on
M _on
M _off
M _on
M _off
M _off
iin
iLm
M _on
iLm
t
Ts
(a)
Ts
(b)
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B. Mode analysis.
The operation of the proposed converter is divided into two
modes according to the conduction state of each switch as
shown in Fig. 7 and 8 and its key waveforms are shown in Fig.
9
For the convenience of the mode analysis in steady state,
several assumptions are made as follows:
(a) The switch M1 is ideal except for its internal diode.
(b) The transformer is ideal except for its magnetizing
inductance LM.
(c) The output capacitor Co and DC blocking capacitor Cb are
large enough to be considered as constant DC voltage
sources Vo and Vcb, respectively.
(d) The proposed circuit is operated in boundary conduction
mode (BCM).
Before t0, it is assumed that M1 is blocked and the energy
stored in LM is being transferred to the load side through D3
and D1. At this moment, Cb is charged by ILM and ILo is
freewheeling through D2.
Mode 1[t0~t1]: When iLM reaches zero, mode 1 begins at t0.
Since M1 is turned on, Vin is applied to LM and ILM is linearly
increased with the slope of Vin/LM. At this moment, although
Vsec= Vin/n across the transformer secondary side may be lower
than Vo, the sum of Vsec= Vin/n and Vcb applied to the input side
of output LC filter is higher than the output voltage Vo.
Therefore, as shown in Fig. 7, D1 is conducting and the input
energy is transferred to the load side through forward operation.
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III.
= DVO =
D2
n(1 - D 2 )
VIN
Vcb
(5)
825
Ip [1A/div]
(a)
TABLE I.
]
VV
[100V/div]
DS
ds[200V/div
Time division[2ms/div]
Parameters
Symbol
Value
Input Voltage
Vin
90VRMS - 264VRMS
Output Power
Po
24W (42V/0.57A)
Np : Ns (n:1)
82 : 27 (3:1)
Magnetizing nductance
LM
1.8mH
Output Inductance
LO
100uH
Control Method
BCM
Control IC
SN03A
Output Diode
D1, D2, D3
Ip [1A/div]
VDS [200V/div]
Time division[2ms/div]
SB 560*2ea / UF5404
Fig. 12.
ILo[1A/div]
[1A/div]
D3[2A/div]
IID3
Time division[2ms/div]
(a)
ILo,peak 0.336A
ILo[1A/div]
V.
CONCLUSION
ID3,peak 2.36A
A single stage power-factor-correction balanced forwardflyback converter for LED application is presented, and its
operation principle analyzed in this paper. The proposed
forward-flyback converter with the balancing capacitor can
always operate as both forward and flyback converters
regardless of the input voltage. Therefore, it has a smaller
magnetizing offset current, resultant smaller core loss and
more reduced transformer core volume. For this reason, the
Time division[5us/div]
ID3[2A/div]
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ILo[1A/div]
REFERENCES
ID3
[1A/div]
D3[2A/div]
Time division[2ms/div]
(a)
ILo,peak 0.336A
ILo[1A/div]
ID3,peak 2.36A
Time division[5us/div]
ID3[2A/div]
Fig. 15.
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