bsme1119

Roll No: 29

WORKING OF VENDING MACHINE

VENDING MACHINE

Table of Contents
1.

Executive summary:........................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.

Definition:.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.

Background: ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.

History: .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

5.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS: ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 Raw Material: .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Process .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

6. Working Principal of a Vending Machine ................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.1 Keypad .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
6.2 Bill Checker ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Coin Checker ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.4 Metal spirals ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.5 Match of input and output ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.6 Delivery Report ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.7 Beverage enclose ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.8 Touch Screen ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
7. TYPES OF VENDER MACHINES ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.1

Milk Vending Machine ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

7.2 Cold Food Vending Machine ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

7.3 Coffee Vending Machines ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.4 Snack Vending Machine ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
7.5 Soda Vending Machine ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.6 Frozen Food Vending Machine ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
7.7 Full-line vending ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
8. INNOVATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.1 Bill Changer .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.2 Coin Fraud....................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.3 PUSH BUTTON ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
9. SAFETY AND SECURITY ................................................................................................................................................................... 14
9.1 Risk of Falling ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
9.2 Safety and Reliability ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
10. Pros & Cons ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
11. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

1. Executive summary
This report is about the wending
machine. Firstly I have defined it and then there is history and background.
Manufacturing process of vending machine is briefly discuss here. Working
principal along with the parts and pictures is illustrated. Different types of vending
machine are discussed. Difference between old and modern machines i.e.
innovation in vending machine is touched. Pros and cons of the vending machine
are written as it has both. At the end of report references are mentioned.

2. Definition:
A vending machine is an electronic machine used to give out a product
to the user after the insertion of required amount money into it. It is commonly used
to disperse beverages and snack items.

3.

Background:

The Americans were the pioneers to introduce the concept of vender

machine in North America. The earliest vender machine was being used in North
America in the year, 1946. However this concept took ten years to imply in United
Kingdom. In late 19th century vending machines were appeared on commercial scale
which is the era of Industrial Revolution.

4.

History:

The vending machine was invented by an Alexandrian mathematician

named as HERO in 215 B.C. This device accept bronze coins and he used in at
Alexandrian temple. Later on a Chinese inventor developed a coin operated pencil
vender machine. The US government started paying heed towards coin-operated
vender machines. As a result a company named as ADAM GUM in 1888 developed
gum machines based on coin-operated vender machine research.

5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
5.1 Raw Material:
Vending machine are primarily constructed from major raw materials.

Lexan.
Galvanized steel.
Acrylic powder coatings
Polyurethane insulation.

When 20 oz. (592 ml) plastic soda bottles were first introduced, they tended to jam the
machine. This leads the designer of the vendor to re-work and research for better facility and
feasibility of the customers and in short they wanted to fulfil the customer needs.

5.2 Process
The cabinet is made up galvanized steel. First of all in the assembly line the raw sheet
passes through the flattener where the sheet is being flattened by using the automated
press. Afterwards the sheet is being cut according to the desired shape required.
Generally the cabinet is made up of two sheets.
Other presses also helps to make holes for the nut and bolts to make the structure aligned
and stiff. Corners and edges of the sheet are notched in order to maintain the desired
shape.
The sheet is made to pass through different hydraulic presses to flatten it and in this
process a force of 200-400 tons is exerted by the press. The press helps to make the
original shape of the cabinet by making different edges and corners.
The seams and leakages are made secured by resistance welding also known as spot
welding in which high electrical voltage charge is applied which results in sealing the
sheet.
Finally, the cabinet is made ready and is transferred to the finishing area where powder
coating is performed which makes its surface shiner and smoother.
Presses provide forming and bending, and separate pieces are welded to create a whole
unit.
The tank is further taken to assembly section to make it fit to its correct cabinet.
Before powder finishing the cabinet is made to pass through eight different stages. , the
cabinet is attached to an overhead conveyor that runs the cabinet 210 ft (64 m) through
the pre-treatment system.
Nozzles mounted in the manufacturing section spray throughout the cabinet to make the
sealing stronger and afterwards the alkaline wash is done to make the heavy duty soil
removed from the surface.
The cabinet is then rinsed, coated with zinc phosphate, and rinsed again.
Chromic acid, a sealer, is then applied and the surface is rinsed again.
Then the surface is made to rinse in deionized water. After it the drying process started
which takes 30 to 60 mints for a temperature of 350 to 400 F.
The cabinet is the transferred to acrylic powder unit where coating of the powder is
performed.
After this the cabinet is made to pass through the cure oven under a temperature of 370 F
for 20 -30 mints.

 The tanks and cabinet and are then placed into the insulation chamber to make the cabinet
and the tank to fit in a desired shape at very high temperature.
When foaming is completed the refrigeration units are installed at the bottom of the
cabinet which helps in making the temperature stable. Sometimes these units are being
place or slid or being maintained tight by nuts and bolts.
In the final stage of the machine the doors are installed and as a result the can feeder and
trays are also installed with electrical conductivity and electrical circuits to perform
different actions.

All assembly items are placed on the door while it is in this carousel. Operators fit the
coin and bill validators, card acceptors, selection buttons, LCD displays, and other
external controls in the appropriate spots and attach them with bolts or screws. Selection
buttons are wired to the motors of the proper can stacks. Front panels of silk-screened
Lexan are installed in channels on the doors. Lighting fixtures are bolted in place and
wired into the power supply. Finished doors are carried to the cabinets and automatically
attached. The completed can soda vending machine is then ready for quality checking and
testing. In this way a vender machine further goes under different process to make it
stable and durable.

6. Working Principal of a Vending Machine

Several small parts work together with the main computer to make the vending machine what it
is today.

6.1 Keypad
The keypad has many function to do. It is mainly used for the input to the main
computer. It also has different combination keys which are used to guide the user.

6.2 Bill Checker

When one use a bill, it pulls the bill into the vending machine and
through the optical scanners. These optical scanner have built in camera in them
which take picture of the bill and send it to the main computer for authentication and
verification. Computer runs a program which for this purpose and give the related
feedback.

6.3 Coin Checker

It is used to check the coin with the help of
different electromagnets. Metal composition and thickness of the coin is verified
as different types of coin effect differently in the magnetic field. This is how the
vending machine differentiates among different types of coins e.g. a quarter,
dime, nickel, penny or even a plastic coin. Many newer vending machines also
allow for purchase through credit card.

6.4 Metal spirals

Many vending machines are equipped with metal spirals to hold products in
place. Metal spirals are used to hold the product in its place.

6.5 Match of input and output

When one enters the coin, it is checked and then computer asks for the
product that user wants to buy. Computer runs a program that verify
the match or money entered and the product needed and after
authentication the spiral moves the required amount of steps forward.

6.6 Delivery Report

When the desired product is released by the metal spiral it falls
off. In the mean while it comes across the path of a laser beam.
Laser beam is installed to check that product is delivered to the
user successfully or not. When the product falls it cut the path of
laser beam and this generate a signal which is sent to the main
computer.

6.7 Beverage enclose

Metal spirals along with the plastic containers are used in
vending machines for the enclosure of beverages.

6.8 Touch Screen

Now we have vending machine those are equipped with the
touch screen mechanism. It helps the user and facilitate them
to save time.

7. TYPES OF VENDER MACHINES

Vender machines are of different variety
and are being used according to the variety of the products that are used in it. Some of them are
given below.

7.1 Milk Vending Machine

Carton Vending Machine

 Bottle Vending Machine

7.2 Cold Food Vending Machine

The cold food vending machine is the machine
that will be selling items such as salads, sandwiches, breakfast items, or meals. These types of
items are precooked and only need to be reheated. There are two major types of cold food
vending machine:

Glass front

 Turret style

7.3 Coffee Vending Machines

Coffee vending is a very profitable segment of the
vending industry. There are two types of machines available in today's market.
Whole bean machine

Ground coffee machine

7.4 Snack Vending Machine

Some of the different products
those could be vended a large through snack machines.

Chips
Pastries
Cookies
Nut bars
Crackers
Bag Candy
Candy Bars
Granola bars

7.5 Soda Vending Machine

These machines can be put
into two categories.
Soda vending machine with glass front.
Soda vending machine without glass front.

7.6 Frozen Food Vending Machine

ROBOTIC

GLASS FRONT MACHINES

7.7 Full-line vending

A full line of vending machine in a
hospital cafeteria, including machines for drinks, snacks, and
microwaveable foods.

These are some of the vending machines that are widely used in
different countries of the world and they have made the life of the people easier and free from
many different problems.

8. INNOVATIONS
8.1 Bill Changer
When a vending machine run out of coins then exact change light
comes on. When the exact change light comes on customers become very
agitated. The bill changer has a large capacity of coins which eliminates
your problem.

8.2 Coin Fraud

It is main issue in the mechanical vending machines in worst cases. Coin of same size and
weight may be used to purchase item. Sometimes a coin of high value during the change is given
out. But these issues are addressed in the modern vending machines but now a day the use of an
electromagnet which check the size, weight and composition of the coin inserted.

8.3 PUSH BUTTON

A push button and touch screen is
being installed in Germany. Vender machines have
gone through a process of great changes and
innovations due to upcoming technology and growing
needs of the customers. In early stages the machine is
meant to perform just small simple actions such as
pick and drop of the product that is being
commanded by the user. But now-a-days many
different machines are equipped with debit card and
multi-functioning.

9. SAFETY AND SECURITY

The main issue of the vender machine which made their
developer to think and sort out its solution was the safety and security issue.

9.1 Risk of Falling

The vender machines are made heavier in order to avoid any
misconduct and also to prevent from the danger of being stolen. According to an American
Journal magazine it was found that some people attempted the theft of the vending machine as a
result the vending machine fell on them and they were being injured and get caught by the
American police.

9.2 Safety and Reliability

Safety was very important issue in the start but now with
the development in the technology it is controlled. Machine are made of strong material with
high density. This over all adds to the weight of machine and make it almost very difficult to
steal it. A few people have been fatally injured after having a vending machine topple over
them, either while they were attempting to steal from the machine, or venting frustration over a
malfunction which caused a failure to dispense the purchased item or the proper change.

10. Pros & Cons

Vending machine do not need any cashier.

It can works for 24 hours throughout the week.
Mobility is very important advantage of vending machine.
It has no advertisement and marketing costs just need onetime expense for buying it.
Vending machines use to be displayed in public places and can suffer vandalism.
Fraud cases are also common by the customers who formulate means of hacking into the
system of the machine to dispense product.
One needs a couple of hours for keeping vending machine serviced and stocked with the
product.

11. REFERENCES
Babyak, Richard J. "New Era for Insulation (Change is in the Wind for Blowing
Agents)." Appliance Manufacturer 41, no. 8 (August 1993): 47-48.
Bailey, Jane M. "Vending Machines Take a Beating." Industrial Finishing 67, no. 4
(April 1991): 36-37.
"Coca-Cola Customers to Buy Vending Machine Drinks Using Marconi's GSM Dial-aCoke Solution. Wireless Internet 3, no. 5 (May 2001): 7.
Marcus, David L., Leslie Roberts, and Jeffery L. Sheller. "A Hot Idea From Those ColdDrink Folks." U.S. News and World Report 127, no. 18 (8 November 1999): 10.
Prince, Greg W. "100 Years of Vending Innovation." Beverage World 117, no. 1651
(January 1998): 214-216.
Simpson, David. "A Peak in the Heart of Dixie (Dixie-Narco Inc.'s Use of Powder
Coatings)." Appliance 46, no. 8 (August 1989): 56-57.
Somheil, Timothy. "Vending Innovation." Appliance 55, no. 1 (January 1998): 87-89.
Stevens, James R. "The Dixie-Narco Story." Appliance 47, no. 6 (June 1990): 31-4.
Sutej, Joseph M. "Evaluating Low-CFC Foam Insulation." Machine Design 62, no. 10
(24 May 1990): 108-109.
Wikipedia.