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    A2 Earth Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sudharsanan Sitrarasu
    This document describes the fall of potential method for measuring earth electrode resistance. It involves passing a measured current between the test electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and measuring the potential difference between the test electrode and a second auxiliary electrode placed halfway between the first two. The resistance is calculated using Ohm's law. The test is repeated with increasing distances between the electrodes until three readings agree. The document also lists factors that determine soil resistivity, such as soil type, moisture content, salt concentration, and provides typical resistivity values for different soil types.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    A2 Earth Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sudharsanan Sitrarasu
    64 views2 pages
    This document describes the fall of potential method for measuring earth electrode resistance. It involves passing a measured current between the test electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and measuring the potential difference between the test electrode and a second auxiliary electrode placed halfway between the first two. The resistance is calculated using Ohm's law. The test is repeated with increasing distances between the electrodes until three readings agree. The document also lists factors that determine soil resistivity, such as soil type, moisture content, salt concentration, and provides typical resistivity values for different soil types.

    Original Description:

    Method of Measuring Soil Resistance

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    This document describes the fall of potential method for measuring earth electrode resistance. It involves passing a measured current between the test electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and measuring the potential difference between the test electrode and a second auxiliary electrode placed halfway between the first two. The resistance is calculated using Ohm's law. The test is repeated with increasing distances between the electrodes until three readings agree. The document also lists factors that determine soil resistivity, such as soil type, moisture content, salt concentration, and provides typical resistivity values for different soil types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    64 views2 pages

    A2 Earth Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sudharsanan Sitrarasu
    This document describes the fall of potential method for measuring earth electrode resistance. It involves passing a measured current between the test electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and measuring the potential difference between the test electrode and a second auxiliary electrode placed halfway between the first two. The resistance is calculated using Ohm's law. The test is repeated with increasing distances between the electrodes until three readings agree. The document also lists factors that determine soil resistivity, such as soil type, moisture content, salt concentration, and provides typical resistivity values for different soil types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Measurement of Earth Electrode Resistance

    Fall of Potential Method


    In this method two auxiliary earth electrodes, besides the test electrode, are placed at
    suitable distances from the test electrode are placed at suitable distances from the test
    electrode. A measured current is passed between the electrode A to tested and an
    auxiliary current electrode C and the potential difference between the electrode A
    and the auxiliary potential electrode B is measured. The resistance of the test
    electrode A is then given by:
    V
    R = --------I
    Where
    R

    Resistance of the test electrode in ohms,

    Reading of the volts, and

    Reading of the ammeter in amperes

    If the test is made at power frequency, that is 50 c/s, the resistance of the
    voltmeter should be high compared to that of the auxiliary potential electrode B and
    in no case should be less than 20,000 Ohms. The source of current shall be isolated
    from the supply by a double wound transformer. At the time of test, where possible,
    the test electrode shall be separated from the earthing system.

    The auxiliary

    electrodes usually consist of 12.5mm dia mild steel rods driven up to 1m into the
    ground.
    All the test electrodes and the current electrodes shall be so placed that they
    are independent of the resistance area of each other. If the test electrode is in the form
    of rod, pipe or plate, the auxiliary current electrode C shall be placed at least 30m

    away from it and the auxiliary potential electrode B shall be placed midway
    between them.
    The test shall be repeated by increasing the distance between the electrodes
    A and C up to 50m and each time placing the electrode B mid way between
    them until 3 consecutive readings of test electrode resistance with different spacing of
    electrode agree.
    7. Soil Resistivity
    Soil resistivity is largely depends up on the type of soil as shown in the table
    given below. Earth conductivity is affected by moisture content of the soil, chemical
    composition and concentration of salts dissolved in the water, closeness of packing,
    grain size, as they decide manner in which moisture is stored.
    7.1 Factors which Determine Resistivity of Soil
    a) Type of Soil
    b) Moisture Content
    c) Chemical Composition of Salt dissolved in the contained water.
    d) Concentration of Salts
    e) Temperature of Materials
    f) Grain size and distribution of grain size
    g) Closeness of packing
    Type of Soil

    Resistivity
    In Ohm-Cm

    1. Loamy Garden Soil

    500 5000

    2. Clay

    800 5000

    3. Clay, Sand and Gravel Mix

    4000 25000

    4. Sand and Gravel

    6000 10,000

    5. Slates, slab Sand Stone

    1000 50,000

    6. Crystalline Rocks

    20,000 1,00,000

    Where there is any option, a site should be chosen in the order of preference shown
    below.
    a) Wet marshy ground
    b) Clay loamy soil, arable land, clayey soil, clayey soil or room mixed with small
    quantity of sand;
    c) Clay and loom mixed unit varying proposition of sand, growl and stores;
    d) Damp and wet sand pit.

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