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    Asthma, Airway Obstruction, Airway Hyperresponsiveness

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    raissa
    Asthma is characterized by variable and reversible airflow obstruction in the airways. People with asthma have inflamed airways that are hyperresponsive, causing them to narrow excessively in response to triggers. While the narrowing is usually reversible, some chronic asthma patients can develop partially irreversible obstruction. Airway obstruction occurs when the airways are blocked, partially or completely, preventing air flow into the lungs. It can have acute or chronic causes. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining feature of asthma, where the airways contract abnormally in response to various stimuli due to inflammation, increased smooth muscle, and nerve sensitization.

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    Asthma, Airway Obstruction, Airway Hyperresponsiveness

    Uploaded by

    raissa
    24 views1 page
    Asthma is characterized by variable and reversible airflow obstruction in the airways. People with asthma have inflamed airways that are hyperresponsive, causing them to narrow excessively in response to triggers. While the narrowing is usually reversible, some chronic asthma patients can develop partially irreversible obstruction. Airway obstruction occurs when the airways are blocked, partially or completely, preventing air flow into the lungs. It can have acute or chronic causes. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining feature of asthma, where the airways contract abnormally in response to various stimuli due to inflammation, increased smooth muscle, and nerve sensitization.

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    asthma gina

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    Asthma

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    Asthma is characterized by variable and reversible airflow obstruction in the airways. People with asthma have inflamed airways that are hyperresponsive, causing them to narrow excessively in response to triggers. While the narrowing is usually reversible, some chronic asthma patients can develop partially irreversible obstruction. Airway obstruction occurs when the airways are blocked, partially or completely, preventing air flow into the lungs. It can have acute or chronic causes. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining feature of asthma, where the airways contract abnormally in response to various stimuli due to inflammation, increased smooth muscle, and nerve sensitization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views1 page

    Asthma, Airway Obstruction, Airway Hyperresponsiveness

    Uploaded by

    raissa
    Asthma is characterized by variable and reversible airflow obstruction in the airways. People with asthma have inflamed airways that are hyperresponsive, causing them to narrow excessively in response to triggers. While the narrowing is usually reversible, some chronic asthma patients can develop partially irreversible obstruction. Airway obstruction occurs when the airways are blocked, partially or completely, preventing air flow into the lungs. It can have acute or chronic causes. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining feature of asthma, where the airways contract abnormally in response to various stimuli due to inflammation, increased smooth muscle, and nerve sensitization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    ASTHMA, AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS

    Asthma
    is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly, both spontaneously and with treatment.
    Asthmatics have a special type of inflammation in the airways that makes them more responsive to those who are
    nonasthmatics to a wide range of triggers, leading to excessive narrowing with consequent reduced airflow and
    symptomatic wheezing and dyspnea.
    Narrowing of airways is usually reversible, but in some patients with chronic asthma, there may be an element of
    irreversible airflow obstruction
    Airway Obstruction
    is a blockage in the airway. It may partially or totally prevent air from getting into lungs.
    Types:
    Upper airway obstructions: area from nose and lips to larynx
    Lower airway obstructions: larynx narrow passageways of lungs
    Partial airway obstructions: allow some air to pass, still can breathe but difficult
    Complete airway obstructions: dont allow any air to pass, cant breath
    Acute airway obstructions: occur quickly. Ex. Choking on a foreign object
    Chronic airway obstructions can occur in one of two ways, these can be blockages that take a long time to
    develop or that last for a long time. Ex. Emphysema
    Cause:
    - inhaling or swallowing foreign object
    - small object becoming lodged in the nose or mouth
    - allergic reactions
    - trauma to airway from an accident
    - vocal cord problems
    - infections
    Airway Hyperresponsiveness
    AHR is the characteristic physiologic abnormality of asthma and describes the excessive bronchoconstrictor
    response to multiple inhaled triggers that would have no effect on normal airways. Increased bronchoconstrictor
    responsiveness is seen with direct bronchoconstrictors such as histamine and methacholine, which contact
    airway smooth muscle, but is characteristically also seen with many indirect stimuli, which release
    bronchoconstrictors from mast cells or activate sensory nerves
    Mechanism:
    - Excessive contraction of the airway smooth muscle may result from increased volume and or contractility of
    airway smooth muscle cells
    - Uncoupling of airway contraction as a result of inflammatory changes in the airway contraction as a result of
    inflammatory changes in the airway wall may lead to excessive narrowing of the airways and a loss of the
    maximum plateu of contraction found in normal airways when bronchoconstrictor substances are inhaled
    - Thickening of the airway wall by edema and structural changes amplifies airway narrowing due to contraction of
    the airway smooth muscle for geometric reasons
    -Sensory nerve may be sensitized by inflammation, leading to exaggerated bronchoconstriction in response to
    sensory simuli.

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