All Ss 5 - Assign
All Ss 5 - Assign
All Ss 5 - Assign
COIMBATORE-10
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
NAME OF THE STAFF
SUB NAME
YEAR / SEM / SEC
UNIT I
CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART A
1. Define step function and delta function.
Ans : CT unit step function u(t) = 1 for (t 0)
0 for (t < 0)
DT unit step function u(n) = 1 for (n 0)
0 for (n < 0)
CT delta function (t) = 1
(t) = 1 for t=0
0 for t0
DT delta function (n) = 1 for n=0
0 for n0
2. What is the total energy of the discrete time sinal x(n) which takes the
value of unity at n= -1,0,1?
Ans : Energy of the signal is given as,
E = x(n)2
n = -
= x(n)2
n = -1
0t3
t>3
X(t)
X(-t)
-3 -2 -1
X(2-t)
-1 0
1 2 3 4
u(n-3)
1
0
X(n)=u(n)-u(n-3)
1
j 4 n / 7
- e j 2 n / 5
1 = 4 / 7
f 1 = 2 / 7 = k 1 / N1
2 = 2 / 5
f 2 = 1 / 5 = k 2 / N2
N1 = 7 and N2 = 5. The fundamental period will be least common multiple
of N1 and N2 (i.e.,) 35.
14. Find the fundamental period of the signal x(n) = { 3 e
Ans :
j3(n+(1/2)
} / 5.
1 = / 4
2 = / 8
3 = / 2
j2ft
T/2
P = T (1/T) x(t)2 dt
-T/2
lim
T/2
P = T (1/T) e j2ft 2 dt
-T/2
lim
T/2
P = T (1/T) 1 dt
-T/2
=1
Hence this is power signal.
( since e-j = 1 )
n = 6 n
2fn=6n
f=3
f = k / N = 3 / 1 ( rational ) . Hence this signal is periodic.
N=1
20. Check the time invariability of the system.
Y(n+2) = a x(n+1) + b x(n+3)
Ans:
Put n = n-k
Y(n-k +2) = a x(n-k +1) + b x(n-k +3)
Hence the system is time invariant.
21. Determine whether the given system is static or not.
d y(t) / dt + 10 y(t) = x(t)
Ans :
Since the system involves differentiation, it is dynamic system.
22. Determine whether the system is causal or not.
Y(t)=x(t+10) + x2(t)
Ans:
x(t+10)
Y(n) = x(k)
n = -
Ans :
If n then y(n) , y(n) is unbounded . hence the system is unstable.
24. Determine the energy of the sequence ,
X(n) = (1/2)n n0
0
n<0
Ans:
E = x(n)2
n = -
= (1/2)n
n=0
(8
(5 Marks)
2. (i) What is the periodicity of the signak x(t) = sin 100t + cos 150 t?
(3 Marks)
(ii) What are the basic continuous time signals? Draw any four Waveforms
and write their equations.
(9 Marks)
3. (i) Determine the energy of the discrete time signal. X(n) = (1/2) n , n0
3n
, n<0
(8 marks)
(ii) Verify the following system is linear. Y(n) = x(n) + n x(n+1)
(5 marks)
6
4. (i) Test whether the system described by the equation y(n) = n x(n) is linear
(4 marks)
(ii) Verify the linearity , causality and time invariance of the system.
Y(n+2) = a x(n+1) + b x(n+3).
(9 marks)
5. (i) Test whether the system described by the equation y(n) = n x(n) is Shift
invariant.
(4 marks)
(ii) Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If the
signal is periodic, determine the fundamental period.
(i)
x(t) = [ cos((2t (/3)) ]2
(ii)
x(n) = (n) 4k - (n-1-4k)
(8 Marks)
6. (i) Describe the classification of the system.
(ii) Check for the linearity and time invariance
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks)
7. (i) Determine whether the system are linear, time invariant , causal and
stable.
a. y(n) = nx(n)
b. y(t) = x(t) + x(t-2) for t0 and 0 for t<0
(8 Marks)
(ii) Consider a continuous time signal x(t) = (t+2) - (t-2). Calculate the
t
value of E for the signals y(t) = x(t)dt
(4 Marks)
-
8. (i) Express x[n] = (-1)n -2n2 as a sum of scaled and shifted unit step
function.
(8 Marks)
(ii) Given y[n] = x[n] + n x[n+1]. Determine whether the system is causal,
linear,time invariant and memoryless.
(8 Marks)
9. Find even and odd parts of the signal x(t) given in fig.(a)
(12 Marks)
Fig. (a)
X(t)
1
-2
-1
10. (i) Given y(t)= x(t+10) + x2(t). Determine whether the system is causal,
linear,time invariant and memoryless.
(8 Marks)
(ii) Given y(t)= x(t2). Determine whether the system is causal,
linear,time invariant and memoryless.
(8 Marks)
UNIT I I
when s=j
FT
(or)
10. Define the fourier transform pair for continuous time signal.
Ans:
Fourier Transform :
11. Find the laplace transform of x(t) = t e-at u(t) , where (a>0)
Ans:
LT
e-at u(t) < ---- > ( 1 / (s+a) ) , ROC: Re(s) > (-a)
Differentiation in S-Domain property gives,
LT
t e-at u(t) < --- > 1/(s+a)2 ROC: Re(s) > (-a)
12. Find the Fourier transform of x(t) = t e-at u(t) , where (a>0)
Ans:
= e-at e-j2f t dt
0
= e-(a+j2f) t dt
0
= (1 / (a+j2f) )
13. State the initial and final value theorem of laplace transform.
Ans:
initial value theorem
lt
f(0+) = s [ s F(s) ]
final value theorem
10
lt
lt
t f(t) = s0 [ s F(s) ]
14. Find the laplace transform of signal u(t).
Ans:
= e-st dt
= (-1/s) [e-st]
1/s
P= cn)2
n = -
17. Find the laplace transform of the signal x(t) = -t e -2t u(t)
Ans:
The standard relation is
LT
{ tn-1 / (n-1)! } e-at u(t) < ----- > 1 / (s+a) n , Re(s) > -a
n=2
LT
2-1
C0 = (1/T0) x(t) dt
t
1
= (1/1) t dt
1
[ t2 / 2 ]
= 1/2
11
when s=j
X(f) = x(t) e - j2 fc t dt
-
= e
j2 f t
e - j2 fc t dt
= e
j2 (f- fc) t
dt
= (f - fc)
12
X(f) = x(t) e - j2 f t dt
-
= (t) e - j2 f t dt
-
f(t)= e - j2 f t
and t0=0
X(f) = e - j2 f t (t-0) dt = e - 2 f . 0 = 1
-
X(f) = x(t) e - j2 f t dt
-
= 1. e - j2 f t dt
-
= (1/- j2 f ) [e - j2 f t]
0
=(1/- j2 f )
PART-B
1. (i)Find the fourier series for the periodic signal x(t)=t , 0t1 and repeats
every 1sec.
(10 Marks)
(ii) Determine the fourier series representation for x(t)=2sin(2t-3)+sin(6t).
13
(6 Marks)
2. (i) Determine the trigonometric fourier series representation of the half
wave rectifier output.
(10 Marks)
(ii) State and prove parsavals theorem for complex exponential fourier
series.
(6 Marks)
3. Find the fourier transform of the signal x(t) and plot the amplitude
spectrum.
(16 Marks)
X(t) = 1
0
,
,
(-2/ )t(2/)
otherwise
2
4. Find the fourier series of the signal x(t) = sin(2f0 m)t . cos(2f0 n)t dt,
0
where
f0 is the fundamental frequency and m and n are any positive integer.
(16 Marks)
5. (i) Determine the trigonometric fourier series representation of the full wave
rectified output.
(10 Marks)
(ii) Find the Inverse laplace transform of
(2s2 + 9s 47 ) / { (s+1)(s2 +6s +25) } .
(6 Marks)
6 (i) Find the laplace transform of x(t) = e-bt for (b<0) and e-bt for (b>0)
(10 Marks)
(ii) Determine the fourier transform of x(t) = 1 for (-1t1) and zero for other
value of t.
(6 Marks)
.
7. (i) State and prove convolution theorem of laplace transform.
(8 Marks)
(ii) Prove that the convolution of two signals is equivalent to multiplication of
their respective spectrum in frequency domain.
(8 Marks)
8. (i) Find the Laplace transform of tx(t) and x(t-t0) where t0 is a constant term
and
x(t)< --- > X(s).
(10 Marks)
(ii) Determine the laplace transform of x(t) = 2t
for (0t1)
0
Otherwise
(6 Marks)
9. State and explain following properties of fourier transform.
10. (i) Find the laplace transform of x(t) = e-at u(t)
(16 Marks)
(8 Marks)
(8 Marks)
14
Unit-III
Linear Time Invariant Continuous Time System
PART A
1.Give four steps to compute convolution integral.
Ans:
a) Folding: One of the signal is first folded at t=0
b) Shifting: The folded signal is shifted right or left depending upon time at
which output is to be calculated.
c) Multiplication: The shifted signal is multiplied other signal.
d) Integration: The multiplied signals are integrated to get the convolution
output.
2. What is the overall impulse response h(t) when two systems with
impulse response h1(t) and h2(t) are in parallel and in series?
Ans:
For parallel connection h(t)= h1(t) + h2(t)
For series connection h(t)= h1(t)*h2(t)
3. Write down the input-output relation of LTI system in time and
frequency domain.
Ans:
y(t) = h(t) * x(t) :time domain
Y(f) = H(f) X(f) :frequency domain
Or Y(s) = H(s) . X(s) : frequency domain
4. Define transfer function in CT systems.
Ans:
H(f) = Y(f)/X(f) using fourier transform
Or
H(s) = Y(s) / X(s) using laplace transform.
5. Define linear time invariant system.
Ans:
The output response of linear time invariant system is linear and time
invariant.
6. Define impulse response of a linear time invariant system.
Ans:
The impulse response of LTI system is denoted by h(t). It is the response
of the system to unit impulse input.
7. State the properties of convolution.
Ans:
1. Commutative : x(t) * h(t) = h(t) *x(t)
2. Associative : [x(t) *h1(t)] *h2(t) =x(t) * [h1(t)* h2(t)]
3. Distributive : x(t) *h1(t) +x(t) * h2(t) =x(t) *{h1(t) +h2(t) }
15
1/ (s+9)
16
______
| H ()| = 1 / a2+ 2
Angle H() = -tan-1 (/a)
13. Given y(t) = x() h(t-)d . If x(t) = u(t-1) and h(t) = u(t+3). The upper
limit in the integral changes to-----------and lower limit changes
to-----------.
Ans:
The convolution integral will be,
Y(t) = x() h(t- ) d
= u( -1)u(t- +3) d
= 1x 1 d
t+3
= d
Thus the upper & lower limits will be t+3 and 1 respectively.
14. What is meant by impulse response?
Ans:
The impulse response is the output produced by the system when unit
impulse is applied at the input. The impulse response is denoted by h(t).
15. Write the convolution integral of x(t).
Ans:
The convolution integral of x(t) is given by
Y(t) = x( ) h(t - ) d
16. What are the basic steps involved in convolution integral?
Ans:
a) Folding: One of the signal is first folded at t=0
b) Shifting: The folded signal is shifted right or left depending upon time at
which output is to be calculated.
c) Multiplication: The shifted signal is multiplied other signal.
d) Integration: The multiplied signals are integrated to get the convolution
output.
17. The impulse response of the LTI CT system is given as h(t) =e-t
u(t). Determine transfer function and check whether the system is causal
and stable.
Ans:
17
0t3
otherwise
2. a) How do you represent any arbitrary signal interms of delta function and
its delayed function
(8 Marks)
b) Determine the response of the system with impulse response h(t) = u(t)
for the input x(t)= e-2t u(t)
(8 Marks)
3. a) Find the output of an LTI system with impulse response h(t) =(t-3) for
the input x(t)= cos 4t + cos 7t.
(8 Marks)
18
19
UNIT - IV
ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
PART A
1.What is the relation between Z-transform and Fourier transform of
discrete time signal?
Ans:
X() = X(z) |z= e jw
This means Z-transform is same as Fourier transform when evaluated on unit
circle.
2. What is the Z- transform of an u(n)?
Ans:
Z{ an u(n)} = 1/(1-az-1) ,ROC : |z| > |a|
3. Define region of convergence with respect to Z-transform.
Ans:
Region of convergence(ROC) is the area in Z- plane where Z-transform
converges .In other words , it is possible to calculate X(z) in ROC.
4. State the initial value theorem of z- transform.
Ans:
The initial value of the sequence is given as,
X(0) = Lt zX(z)
5. What is the difference between the spectrum of the CT signal and the
spectrum of the corresponding sampled signal.
Ans:
1. The spectrum of CT signal and sampled signal are related
as,
X(f) = fs X (f-nf s)
n=-
j n
d.
(6 Marks)
22
10 Marks)
2. a) How will you evaluate fourier transform from pole zero plot of ztransform.
(6 Marks)
b) Find the inverse z- transform of X(z) = 1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2) for ROC :
0.5<|z| <1
(10 Marks)
3. a) Write down any 4 properties of z- transform and explain
(6 Marks)
b) Obtain the relation between z-transform and DTFT
(10 Marks)
4.
a) Find Z- transform of {u(n)-u(n-10)}
(6 Marks)
b) State and prove time shifting property of z transform.
(5 Marks)
-1
-2
c) Find the final value of the given signal W(z)=1/(1+2z -3z )
(5 Marks)
5. a) Find the z transform of cos (nt)
(5 Marks)
b) Find the inverse z transform using contour integral method, given
X(z) = 1/(1-az-1) ,|z|>a
(5 Marks)
c) Define one sided and two sided z transform.
(6 Marks)
6. a) Find the z transform of the sequence x(n) = (1/2) n u(n)-(1/4) u(n-1)
(8 Marks)
b) Find the z transform and its ROC of
x(n)=1 ,n>=0
3 n ,n<0
(8 Marks)
7. a) State and prove convolution property of z transform.
(8 Marks)
b) Determine the DTFT of x(n)=1 , 0n5
0 , otherwise
(8
Marks)
8. a) Compute the 4 point DFT of the sequence x(n) = {0,1,2,3} (10 Marks)
b) Obtain the circular convolution of
x1(n)={2,1,,2,1} and x2(n)= {1,2,3,4}
(6 Marks)
23
UNIT V
LINEAR TIME INVARIANT DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS
PART A
1. Is the output sequence of an LTI system finite when the input x(n0 is
finite? Justify the answer.
Ans:
If the impulse response of the system is infinite, then output sequence is
infinite even though inout is finite.
For ex: input ,
x(n) = (n)
finite length
n
Impulse response h(n) = a u(n)
Infinite length
Output Sequence y(n) = hn) * x(n)
= an u(n) * (n)
= an u(n)
2. Consider an LTI system with impulse response h(n)= (n-n0) for an
input x(n) ,Y(ej).
Ans:
Here Y(ej) is the spectrum of output. By convolution theorem we can write
Y(ej) = H(ej) X(ej)
H(ej) = DTFT (n-n0) = ejno
Y(ej) = e-jno X(ej)
3. Find the Linear convolution fo x(n)={ 1,2,3,4,5,6} and y(n)={2,-4,6,-8}.
Ans:
X(n) --- >
Y(n)
|
|
10
12
-4
-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
-24
12
18
24
30
36
-8
-8
-16
-24
-32
-40
-48
Y(n)= {2
-4
-8
-25
-4
-48 }
24
-1
-5
4}
6.
6}
Y(n) = - ak y(n-k)
K=1
= bk y(n-k)
k=0
8. Write the difference equation and the transfer function of the system
in fig.
X(n)
Z-1
Z-1
Y(n)
B2
Z-1
A1
Z-1
A2
25
Y(t)
-5
B1=1
-4
10.
B0=0
Ans:
H(z) = Y(z) / X(z) = 1 / (1 - az-1)
11. State two advantages of FFT computations.
Ans:
1. FFT algorithms are extremely fast.Hence they are computationally
efficient.
2. FFT algorithms require less memory.
12. Draw direct form-II representation of H(z) = (1+z-1 + 3z-2 ) / (1+z-2 + z-3 )
Ans:
26
X(n)
y(n)
Z-1
-1
Z-1
-1
-3
13. Find the convolution sum for x(n) = {1,1,1,1} and h(n)={1,2,2,1}
Ans:
Y(n) = { 1
1}
A=a+ WNrb
WNr
b
B=a- WNrb
15. Draw the black diagram for H(z) = (1+2z-1+4 z-4) / (1-z-1+4 z-2)
Ans:
27
X(n)
Y(n)
Z-1
Z-1
2
1
-1
Z-1
Z-1
-1
Z-1
1jhdfDraw the block diagram for the system specified by the difference
equation y[n]+ay[-2]=b0x[n]+b1x[n-1]
Ans:
X(n)
B0
z-1
Y(n)
B1
z-1
-a
17. For a state space representation of the system. Find the transfer
function of the system.
A= 0 1
-3 -2
B=0
1
C=1
Ans:
28
X(n)
Y(n)
Q1(n+1)
Z-1
-a1
Q1(n) b1
-1
Q2(n+1)
-a2
Q2(n) b2
19. What are the properties of convolution?
Ans:
1. Commutative property of convolution
2. Associative property of convolution
3. Distributive property of convolution
20. What are Impulse response and properties of LTI systems?
Ans:
1. Causality
2. Stability
PART B
1. Find the output of the system whose input-output is related by,
y(n) = 7 y(n-1) 12 y(n-2) + 2 x(n) x(n-2) for the input x(n) = u(n).
(16 Marks)
2. Find the impulse response of the stable system whose input-output relation
is given by the equation y(n) - 4 y(n-1) + 3 y(n-2) = x(n) + 2 x(n-1) (16 Marks)
3. (i) Find the linear convolution of x(n) = {1,2,3,4} and h(n)={2,3,4,1}
(6 Marks)
(ii) Compute the convolution of the two sequences given and plot the
output.
(10 Marks)
4. Find the output sequence y(n) of the system described by the equation
Y(n) = 0.7 y(n-1) 0.1 y(n-2) + 2 x(n) x(n-2).
For the input sequence x(n) = u(n).
(16 Marks)
29
5. (i) What is the impulse response x(n) of the system if the poles and zeros
are
radially moved k times their original location?
(3 Marks)
(ii) Find the overall impulse response of the causal system in fig.
h1(n) = (1/3)n u(n) , h2(n) = (1/2)n u(n) and h3(n) = (1/5)n u(n) (12 Marks)
6. Realize direct form-I , direct form-II , cascade and parallel realization of the
discrete time system having system function
H(z) = 2(z+2) / {z(z-0.1) (z+0.5)0 (z+0.4)}
(16
Marks)
7. (i) The difference equation of the system is
y(n) (3/4) y(n-1) + (18) y(n-2) = x(n) + (1/2) x(n-1).
Draw the direct form-I and II structures.
(10
Marks)
(ii) Find the convolution of x(n) = {1,2,3,4,5} with h(n) = {1,2,3,3,2,1}
(6 Marks)
8. (i) Find the impulse of the discrete time system described by the difference
equation. Y(n-2) 3y(n-1) + 2 y(n) = x(n-1)
(6 Marks)
(ii) Describe radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm
(10 Marks)
9. (i) Explain the state variable description of discrete time system. (8 Marks)
(ii) Compute the linear convolution of x(n) = { 1,1,0,1,1} and
h(n) ={1,-2,-3,4}
(8 Marks)
10. Given H(z) = (0.3 +z-1 0.47 z--2) / (1-0.5 z-1 + z-2 + 6 z-3) . Draw the block
diagram representation using DFI and DF II realization.
(16 Marks)
30