Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

DS90UB901, DS90UB902, DS90UB903, DS90UB904: Driving High-Speed Data Against The Traffic

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 8

DS90UB901, DS90UB902, DS90UB903,

DS90UB904

Driving High-Speed Data Against the Traffic

Literature Number: SNOA868

SIGNAL PATH designer

Tips, tricks, and techniques from the analog signal path experts
No. 124

Driving High-Speed Data Against the Traffic


Andy McLean, Design Director

the addition of all these cameras also raises new


challenges for automotive system designers.

Driving Against the Flow of Traffic

Introduction
Vision-based safety systems are poised for explosive
growth in next-generation automobiles. Multiple highdefinition displays are appearing in the center console,
rear seatbacks, and even the instrument cluster for
both information and entertainment (infotainment)
purposes. Cameras are also increasingly deployed to
increase safety and for driver assist applications, such as
improved visibility for backup and parking. Recently,
the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) proposed new vehicle safety regulations
calling for standard rear-mounted video cameras and
displays in all vehicles. Aimed at reducing the hundreds
of fatalities and thousands of injuries that occur each
year as a result of back-over accidents, the NHTSA
said 10 percent of new vehicles must comply by
September 2012, 40 percent by September 2013, and
100 percent by September 2014. While unquestionably
increasing safety and adding to the driving experience,

national.com/spdesigner

Transmitting High-Speed Video Links


Each display or camera added to improve the driving
experience is connected by a dedicated high-speed
video link to a control (head-end) unit. In the simplest
case, a single coaxial wire is used to display an NTSC
signal from a back-up camera on a display in the
center console. However, the trend is clearly to improve
image clarity and quality with mega-pixel digital
cameras displayed on high-resolution LCD panels.
High-speed serial digital links connect the video
components, providing a seamless connection from
the digital imagers used in cameras to a digital LCD
display. The most common and reliable high-speed
digital interface technology deployed for automotive
video links is based on the ANSI/TIA/EIA-644-A
Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) standard.
LVDS provides a robust data transmission standard
capable of long distances, low power, high noise
rejection, and low EMI. Instead of a single-ended
signal referenced to ground, LVDS uses a differential
scheme to enable the desired attributes of the link.
Interconnect savings are also realized by deploying
smaller connectors and cables to reduce system size
and weightboth critical features in automobile
applications. As shown in Figure 1, a serializer receives
data from a video source, such as a cameras image
sensor, then converts the wide parallel bus of RGB
color and control signals to an LVDS serialized stream
transported over a single, twisted wire pair cable. A
companion deserializer at the other end of the cable
expands the video signals back into a parallel interface
for connection to a display or head unit.

Camera systems are an increasingly important safety component. Multiple cameras


and advanced image analysis help drivers monitor road conditions, detect hazards,
Improved
Vehicle
and Driver
Response digital
Timevideo links to
and avoid collisions.
SuchSafety
systems require
robust, uncompressed
deliver high-resolution
and enable
signal processing.
NationalMultiple
Semiconductors
Camera
systems are andata
increasingly
important
safety component.
cameras
new
FPD-Link III
embedded
clock
ultra-low
EMI signaling
integrate
data,
and advanced
image
analysis
helpSerDes
driverswith
monitor
road conditions,
detect
hazards,
clock,
and
real-time
control
over
a
single
twisted
wire
pair.
and avoid collisions. Such systems require robust, uncompressed digital video links to
deliver high-resolution data and enable signal processing. National Semiconductors
new FPD-Link III embedded clock SerDes with ultra-low EMI signaling integrate data,
clock, and real-time control over a single twisted wire pair.

Des
Des

Camera
Ser
ECU
Power
Power

Des

Des

Heads-Up
Display

Navigation
Head Unit
Display

Cluster
ECU
Instrument
Display

Heads-Up
HUD
Display
ECU

Des

Ser

Power

Ser

Power
Des

Instrument
Display

Head Unit

Des
Power

Des

Camera
ECU

Power

Ser
Ser
Des

Navigation
Display

Power

Ser

Power

Des

Ser

Ser

Power

Parking Cameras

Ser

Ser

Power

Power

Parking Cameras

Des

Ser

Cluster
ECU

HUD
ECU

Des

Rear View
Ser Camera
Power

Shown: Driver Assist System Diagram


Rear View Camera

Shown: Driver Assist System Diagram

Designed for Automotive Cameras


The new DS90UB901/902 SerDes
chipset uses 4-bit Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) to validate and
Designed for Automotive Cameras
monitor data integrity for safetyThe new DS90UB901/902 SerDes
critical applications. Small package
chipset uses 4-bit Cyclical Redunsizes and highly integrated compodancy Check (CRC) to validate and
nents like the new LM34919B
monitor data integrity for safetyswitching regulator enable sleek,
critical applications. Small package
compact camera modules.
sizes and highly integrated components like the new LM34919B
switching regulator enable sleek,
compact camera modules.

national.com/automotive
national.com/automotive

Real-Time Bidirectional Control

Proven EMI Mitigation

Unlike products that depend on


blanking periods to communicate
to remote cameras, FPD-Link III
Real-Time Bidirectional Control
solutions leverage a zero-latency
Unlike products that depend on
embedded control channel that
blanking periods to communicate
delivers continuous, real-time
to remote cameras, FPD-Link III
communication between camera
solutions leverage a zero-latency
and electronic control unit (ECU).
embedded control channel that
delivers continuous, real-time
communication between camera
and electronic control unit (ECU).

Spread Spectrum Clock


Generation (SSCG) and
progressive turn-on (PTO)
Proven EMI Mitigation
in FPD-Link II and III products
Spread Spectrum Clock
reduce peak harmonics to
Generation (SSCG) and
mitigate electromagnetic
progressive turn-on (PTO)
interference (EMI) and
in FPD-Link II and III products
guarantee a robust data link.
reduce peak harmonics to
mitigate electromagnetic
interference (EMI) and
guarantee a robust data link.

2011, National Semiconductor


2011, National
Corporation.
Semiconductor
National Semiconductor,
Corporation. National
, andSemiconductor,
PowerWise are registered
, and PowerWise
trademarks.
are registered
All rights reserved.
trademarks. All rights reserved.

Peak Safety. High Reliability.


Peak
Safety. High Reliability.
Improved Vehicle Safety and Driver Response Time

SIGNAL PATH designer


Driving High-Speed Data Against the Traffic

Parallel Data In
16
Camera

FPD-Link III

Serializer

Microcontroller/
ECU

DS90UB902Q

DS90UB901Q
Bidirectional
Backchannel
Control Bus

Parallel Data Out


16

Bidirectional
Control Channel

Deserializer

Bidirectional
Backchannel
Control Bus

Figure 1. A Typical LVDS-Based SerDes Chipset Connects a Camera to an ECU

The FPD-Link III serializer/deserializer (SerDes)


product family from National Semiconductor offers
a number of advanced features that address the
challenges of high-speed system design. Data skew
issues are avoided by using a single serial data
stream transmitted over a single differential pair.
The serial data is encoded to contain an embedded
clock that can be recovered without the need for a
reference clock which allows for rapid initialization
of the connection without special training sequences.
The video data is also carefully randomized,
scrambled to minimize electromagnetic interference
(EMI), and DC-balanced to allow signal transmission and recovery over long lengths (10m+) of
twisted pair cables. These measures help reduce
EMI which is particularly critical in automotive
environments with strict standards for electromagnetic conformance (EMC).
Driving Control Data Against Video Channel Data
As the number of displays, cameras, and sensors
used in vehicles multiplies, so do the number of
connections required between these modules and
head units. Each cable added to a wiring harness
increases both cost and weight and impacts
production assembly cost and reliability concerns.
Less obvious, however, is the increased number of
data connections required to control and update the

national.com/spdesigner

cameras and displays as the number of video links


grows. For example, control settings are often sent
from head unit to camera during initialization and
operation. Brightness and back lighting settings can
be automatically adjusted by a central controller
based on driver settings or sensors in the cabin.
Another example is with touchscreen displays where
the position or multi-touch information needs to be
sent back to the central unit. The key point is that
control data is travelling against the direction of the
video data flow.
To implement such a control channel, the standard
approach is to run separate control wires in parallel
to the video linkfrom camera to head unitor
from head unit to display. The design challenge is
how to make more efficient use of existing wires and
connectors for the video, control, and data signals.
Imagine for a moment driving against the flow of
traffic on a highway without colliding with
oncoming vehicles. This isnt a suggested application
for collision avoidance systems, but is analogous to
the challenge of providing a control path that flows
in the opposite direction of the main high-speed
video data. As previously noted, the ideal solution
would also provide this control channel using only
existing wiring and can, in fact, be implemented in
a number of ways.

SIGNAL PATH designer


Driving High-Speed Data Against the Traffic
Video-Dependent Bidirectional
Control Approach
Common
Mode

Low-Speed Backchannel Data

Blanking

+
-

High-Speed Forward Channel Data

Restricts control channel capabilities


Bidirectional control ONLY during vertical blanking
Limits real-time camera control and synchronization
Requires video blanking interval
Figure 2. Control Channel Implemented During Video Blanking

Displays tend to use the video blanking period


inherited from the old CRT days to send non-video
data. CRT displays required blanking periods added
at the end of every active video line and field to
allow for the fly-back time of the beam. Over the
years, creative video system designers have used the
blanking interval to transmit information such as
closed captioning text or video timecode information. Newer display technologies, such as LCD,
have retained the blanking periods although they
are no longer truly necessary. Figure 2 shows a
scheme that uses video blanking periods to send
control information, however, the amount of data
that can be transmitted is limited to the length
and frequency of the blanking period. This is
especially limiting if only the vertical blanking
period is used in a system supporting a typical frame
rate of 30Hz. There is also a trend in the industry to
significantly diminish this wasted overhead as it
has a direct impact on both power consumption
and pixel clock rate.

A further disadvantage of this approach is that


the control data must be queued for transmission.
The resulting delay introduces a non-deterministic
latency that can be unacceptable for many
applications, such as collision avoidance systems
where response times of micro-seconds are required.
This is also restrictive for applications where the
precise timing of the control data has relevance, for
example, attempting to synchronize multi-camera
systems using this approach would be a challenge.
Another approach, shown in Figure 3, makes use of
the differential nature of the signal used for the
primary video channel. Control data can effectively
be coupled into the cable as a common-mode
modulation of the digitized video signal, however,
this presents a fundamental EMI issue. Automotive
applications enforce very strict EMC standards to
avoid interference between electronic subsystems.
Remember all the good work to minimize EMI by
avoiding any residual common-mode signal using
differential signaling together with randomizing,
scrambling, and DC balancing of data? This is largely
negated if a common-mode signal is intentionally
introduced as a means to transfer control data so
this approach is clearly another dead end street.

Common-Mode Modulation Scheme


Low Speed Backchannel Data
Common
Mode

Blanking

+
-

High Speed Forward Channel Data

Common-Mode Signalling Generates EMI


Requires costly EMI mitigation
Figure 3. Control Channel Implemented Using
Common-Mode Modulation of Video Data

SIGNAL PATH designer


Continuous Bidirectional Control Channel
The FPD-Link III Ser/Des chipsets from National
Semiconductor overcome the limitations of such
alternative schemes with an entirely different
approach. FPD-Link III technology simultaneously
transfers both high-speed video data and control
data over a single pair of wires. A bidirectional
control channel runs continuously while video and
audio data are being transmitted. Receivers in the
serializer and deserializer are able to separate the
forward (Tx to Rx) channel data from lower speed
data travelling in the reverse direction (Rx to Tx.)
This is possible based on the correlation of the data
being transmitted and the compounded video,
audio, and control data being received.

Because both forward channel data and control


data are driven differentially onto the line, there is
very little impact on EMI performance. Since the
control data is transferred continuously, latency
issues are minimized, as well. Figure 4 illustrates
how a continuous full-duplex control channel is
established on the same pair of wires carrying the
video and audio signal.
The DS90UB901/902 and DS90UB903/904 FPDLink III chipsets include integrated I2C controllers
to simplify the interface from a host to the
control channel. This allows a host on one side of
the link to control or read status from an I2C
connected devicea CMOS imager, for example
up to 10m away on the other side of the link.

FPD-Link III True Bidirectional Control


Common
Mode

Low Speed Backchannel Data

Blanking

+
-

High Speed Forward Channel Data

Ideal for synchronizing multi-camera systems


Single-pair, EMI friendly
Low latency, full-duplex transmission
Video independent no waiting for blanking interval

Figure 4. FPD-Link III Continuous Simultaneous Control Channel

national.com/spdesigner

SIGNAL PATH designer


DS90UB901

FPDLink III
with BCC

DS90UB902

Host
Controller
VDD

VDD

I2C
Master

SDA
SCL

I2C
Slave

I2C
Master
(proxy)

SDA
SCL

Camera/
Display/
Other

I2C
Slave

Figure 5. Accessing a Remote I2C Slave Using the FPD-Link III Bidirectional Control Channel

The system is very flexible and supports many of the


I2C bus topologies just as if master and slave devices
were connected on a local bus, as shown in Figure 5.
General purpose input/output (GPIO) pins are also
available to allow other control functions and
protocols to be implemented. GPIO configured as
inputs are over-sampled on one side of the link,
transmitted as part of the FPD-Link III serial data
stream, and regenerated as outputs at the other end
which allows other control protocolssuch as
UART or SPIto be implemented using the
GPIO pins. The GPIO pins can also be used for
applications requiring real-time, low latency
synchronization signals or simple control functions,
such as RESET. The GPIO pins can also be used
with more advanced driver assist systems to stitch
together images from multiple cameras to present
a panoramic or sur-round view of the area around
the vehicle.
To further reduce wiring harness size and weight, a
remote power feed can also be provided on the
same single pair of wires.

National Semiconductor
2900 Semiconductor Drive
Santa Clara, CA 95051
1 800 272 9959

Mailing address:
PO Box 58090
Santa Clara, CA 95052

Since the FPD-Link III bidirectional control


channel is implemented as a differential signal, DC
power can be injected onto the wire and extracted at
the other end without any impact on the video or
control data. In this manner, the trio of video data,
control, and power can be combined on a single
pair of wires.
Conclusion
Camera-driven infotainment and driver assist
systems both improve the driving experience and
entertain passengers with theater-quality audio and
video. The FPD-Link III chipset family is designed
to help automotive suppliers provide this experience
while improving responsiveness, simplifying wiring,
and improving the robustness of video systems in
the harsh automotive environment.
References
DS90UB901/902 Datasheets
FPD-Link III SerDes Evaluation Kit
AN-2173 DS90UB901/902 Chipset I2C Support

Visit our website at:


national.com/automotive

For more information,


send email to:
new.feedback@nsc.com

2011, National Semiconductor Corporation. National Semiconductor, , and Signal Path Designer are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor.
All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. All rights reserved.

IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements,
and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should
obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are
sold subject to TIs terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.
TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TIs standard
warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where
mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and
applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide
adequate design and operating safeguards.
TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right,
or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information
published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a
warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual
property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.
Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied
by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive
business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional
restrictions.
Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all
express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not
responsible or liable for any such statements.
TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably
be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing
such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and
acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products
and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be
provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in
such safety-critical applications.
TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are
specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military
specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at
the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.
TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are
designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated
products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.
Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:
Products

Applications

Audio

www.ti.com/audio

Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications

Amplifiers

amplifier.ti.com

Computers and Peripherals

www.ti.com/computers

Data Converters

dataconverter.ti.com

Consumer Electronics

www.ti.com/consumer-apps

DLP Products

www.dlp.com

Energy and Lighting

www.ti.com/energy

DSP

dsp.ti.com

Industrial

www.ti.com/industrial

Clocks and Timers

www.ti.com/clocks

Medical

www.ti.com/medical

Interface

interface.ti.com

Security

www.ti.com/security

Logic

logic.ti.com

Space, Avionics and Defense

www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

Power Mgmt

power.ti.com

Transportation and Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

Microcontrollers

microcontroller.ti.com

Video and Imaging

RFID

www.ti-rfid.com

OMAP Mobile Processors

www.ti.com/omap

Wireless Connectivity

www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity
TI E2E Community Home Page

www.ti.com/video

e2e.ti.com

Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

You might also like