Effect of Kinesio Taping On Muscle Strength in Athletes - A Pilot Study

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (2008) 11, 198201
SHORT REPORT
Effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in

athletesA pilot study
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Alice M.K. Wong, Yu-Cheng Pei , Katie P. Wu,
Shih-Wei Chou, Yin-Chou Lin
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
Received 6 July 2006 ; received in revised form 31 January 2007; accepted 18 February 2007
KEYWORDS
Isokinetic;
Muscle strength;
Taping;
Kinesio taping;
Athlete
Summary Muscle strength is a key component of an athletes performance and may

be influenced by taping. This study examined the possible immediate and delayed
effects of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in quadriceps and hamstring when taping
is applied to the anterior thigh of healthy young athletes. Fourteen healthy young
athletes (seven males and seven females) free of knee problems were enrolled in
this study. Muscle strength of the subject was assessed by the isokinetic dynamometer under three conditions: (1) without taping; (2) immediately after taping; (3) 12 h
after taping with the tape remaining in situ. The result revealed no significant difference in muscle power among the three conditions. Kinesio taping on the anterior
thigh neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in healthy non-injured young
athletes.
2007 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Kinesio tape, invented by Kenzo Kase in 1996, is
a new application of adhesive taping. It is a thin
and elastic tape which can be stretched up to
120140% of its original length, making it quite
elastic and resulting in less mechanism constraints,
compared with conventional tape. Kinesio taping,
an organised wrapping technique using Kinesio tape
proposed by Kase, is claimed to be able to reduce
pain, swelling and muscle spasms, as well as to prevent sport injury.1
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: mr5598@adm.cgmh.org.tw,
fic6481@tcts1.seed.net.tw (Y.-C. Pei).
Taping is widely used to prevent injury to

athletes.2 The therapeutic effects of knee taping include minimising pain, increasing muscle
strength, improving gait pattern and enhancing functional outcome of patients with sports
injury, osteoarthritis (OA) and patellofemoral pain
(PFP).3,4
Taping may increase or reduce muscle strength,
and many investigators hypotheses to explain the
possible underlying mechanism, including neurofacilitation and mechanical restraint (e.g., Macgregor
et al.) have identified the relationship between
cutaneous afferent stimulation and motor unit
firing.5 Conversely, Cools et al. observed no significant influence of tape on electromyography activity
in the scapular muscles of healthy subjects.2 How-
1440-2440/$ see front matter 2007 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.011
Kinesio taping and muscle strength
199
ever, few studies have measured the effectiveness

of Kinesio taping and these studies have obtained
inconsistent results.1,6 The main goal in this study is
to answer the question whether muscle power could
be changed by Kinesio taping. Hence, this study
investigates the effects of Kinesio taping on muscle
strength after application of taping on the anterior knee and thigh, and the immediate and delayed
effects of Kinesio taping that may be relevant for
clinical application.
Materials and methods

Subjects
The subjects were the college athletes of the
Nation College of Physical Education and Sports
majoring in kickboxing. Fourteen healthy athletes, seven males and seven females (mean age,
19.7 1.0 years, mean body height 168.9 6.1 cm,
mean body weight 60.3 8.2 kg), were enrolled in
this study. Informed consent in accordance with
institutional ethical standards of the ethics committee on human experimentation was obtained from
each subject. Those who reported active knee pain,
trauma in the lower limbs within the previous 3
months or any surgery history for the lower limbs
were excluded.
Instrumentation
The Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer (Lumex
Corporation, Ronkonloma, NY, USA) was adopted
to assess concentric and eccentric muscle
strength in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles while contracting at a speed of 60 /s and
180 /s.
Subjects were taped with a Y-shaped Kinesio tape
at the quadriceps according to the Kenzo Kases
Kinesio taping manual (Kase et al., 1996)7 by the
same physician. The dominant side of the subjects
knees were taped. Fig. 1 illustrates the subjects
posture when Kinesio taping is being applied. The
subjects lay in the supine position with the hip
flexed at 30 and the knee flexed at 60 . The
tape was applied from a point 10 cm inferior to
the anterior superior iliac spine, bisected at the
junction between quadriceps femoris tendon and
the patella, and circled around the patella, ending at its inferior side. The first 5 cm of tape were
not stretched and acted as the anchor. The portion between the anchor and superior patella was
stretched to 120%. The remaining tape around the
patella remained un-stretched.
Figure 1 The taping method and the subjects posture

when applying Kinesio taping.
Test protocol
Taping conditions
Three taping conditions were applied to each subject: (1) without taping (WT); (2) immediately
under taping (IT); (3) 12 h after taping and with
the tape still in situ (AT). Subjects were assessed
in each condition by three daily activities and
muscle strength was measured by the isokinetic
dynamometer.
The order of the three conditions was randomised using a random number allocation table.
To avoid any bias resulting from muscle fatigue
induced by the previous isokinetic assessments,
the inter-assessment intervals were at least
7 days.
Isokinetic muscle strength
Muscle strength was evaluated using a Cybex
NORM. Each subject was given verbal instructions
to maximise effort and was allowed to see the
monitor. The sequence of evaluation was as follows: concentric quadriceps contractions at 60 /s;
eccentric quadriceps contractions at 60 /s; concentric quadriceps contractions at 180 /s and
eccentric quadriceps contraction at 180 /s. The
same testing protocol was repeated to test hamstring muscle strength.
Data analysis
Analysis by ANOVA for repeated measures (three
conditions) was used to assess the effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength. Main effect analysis
was applied in cases of significant difference among
the three assessments. Estimates of effect size
were analysed using the partial eta-squared method
to describe the proportion of total variability
200
T.-C. Fu et al.
Table 1 Comparison of peak torque, and total work of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and functional activity
among the three taping conditions
Concentric/eccentric
Velocity
( /s)
Contractor
Condition
WT
IT
p-Value
Effect
size
AT
Peak torque (kg m)

Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
60
60
180
180
60
60
180
180
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Hamstring
Hamstring
Hamstring
Hamstring
43.8
45.4
33.2
39.4
26.2
25.3
23.7
21.1
13.4
16.1
10.6
13.6
10.3
7.5
8.1
6.8
40.9
43.4
32.4
37.9
25.3
23.7
22.9
19.5
12.2
14.1
12.0
13.5
9.3
7.1
7.5
6.0
43.0
44.7
36.4
41.4
25.6
24.0
22.2
19.5
12.3
14.6
12.3
13.8
8.2
7.0
7.2
6.1
0.323
0.597
0.027a
0.194
0.568
0.108
0.496
0.194
0.083
0.039
0.242
0.119
0.043
0.157
0.052
0.119
Total work (kg m)

Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Eccentric
60
60
180
180
60
60
180
180
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Quadriceps
Hamstring
Hamstring
Hamstring
Hamstring
27.4
28.0
22.5
26.7
22.2
18.9
21.2
16.0
8.1
10.8
6.2
8.9
9.5
4.5
7.4
4.0
25.7
29.1
21.2
28.2
21.7
18.4
19.9
15.6
6.9
12.3
6.4
10.9
8.9
4.8
6.6
4.4
26.1
29.3
22.9
28.2
22.7
19.1
20.6
16.4
6.6
10.2
6.1
8.4
8.4
5.1
7.4
4.0
0.466
0.708
0.330
0.571
0.474
0.582
0.486
0.382
0.050
0.026
0.082
0.033
0.056
0.041
0.054
0.071
WT: without taping; IT: immediately after taping; AT: 12 h after taping; ab: comparing WT and IT, bc: comparing IT and AT; ac:
comparing AT and WT.
a Difference: AB, AC.
attributable to each factor. Statistical significance

was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Two data were excluded from data analysis due
to the subjects factor; final data for analysis
consisted of seven males and seven females. All
subjects were healthy athletes, and none complained of pain or discomfort during examination.
Evaluation of comparison of peak torque and
total work of quadriceps and hamstring muscle by
isokinetic assessments was shown in Table 1. The
ANOVA for repeated measures for the three conditions indicated that WT had the lowest peak
torque among the three conditions in concentric
contraction of the quadriceps at 180 /s (p < 0.05).
No significant differences existed among subjects
in other assessments. Additionally, no significant
interaction effect existed between conditions and
assessments (p > 0.05).
Discussion
The results suggest that Kinesio taping does not
enhance nor inhibit muscle strength when applied
to the thighs and knees of healthy athletes. This

finding is contrary to the claim that tape applied
under tension in the direction of muscle fibres
facilitates the strength of the underlying muscle.8
However, this study obtained a result similar to that
obtained by Janwantanakul,9 who indicated that
taping does not affect the muscle activities measured by electromyography. In this study, Kinesio
taping applied to skin apparently provided tactile
input. However, tactile input has been reported
to interact with motor control by altering the
excitability of the central neuron system.10,11 The
negative results observed in this study can be
explained by the fact that tactile input generated
by Kinesio taping may not be strong enough to modulate muscle power of healthy athletes.
This study does not support the existence of
probable effects on muscle power induced by Kinesio taping. Both the target muscles for taping,
the quadriceps, and the antagonist muscle, the
hamstrings, were assessed. Kinesio taping did not
generate any inhibition or facilitation in all tested
muscles. The only significant difference observed
for peak torque during concentric contraction of
quadriceps at 180 /s can be explained as a type
II error resulting from multiple comparisons.
To minimise the possible selection bias, we
recruited the subjects with the same background,
Kinesio taping and muscle strength

the college athletes of the Nation College of Physical Education and Sports majoring in kickboxing.
We supposed that a relatively homogeneous group
would yield less variance in their performance,
because they were majoring in the same subject
and under the same training course.
In conclusion, Kinesio taping on the knee does
not affect muscle performance of healthy young
athletes. The effectiveness of Kinesio taping for
pain relief, promotion of circulation and relief of
muscle spasm need further investigation in acute
injured athletes in the future.
Practical implications
Kinesio taping neither decreases nor increases
muscle power in uninjured athletes.
The ineffectiveness of changing muscle power
by Kinesio taping is observed immediately and
12 h after the application.
The effect of Kinesio taping on muscle power
of injured athletes has not been confirmed yet.
References
1. Halseth T, McChesney JW, DeBeliso M, et al. The effects of
Kinesio taping on proprioception at the ankle. J Sports Sci
Med 2004;3:17.
201
2. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Danneels LA, et al. Does taping
influence electromyographic muscle activity in the scapular rotators in healthy shoulders? Manual Ther 2002;7:
15462.
3. Hinman RS, Bennell KL, Crossley KM, et al. Immediate
effects of adhesive tape on pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology 2003;42:
8659.
4. Ernst GP, Kawaguchi J, Saliba E. Effect of patellar taping on knee kinetics of patients with patellofemoral
pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999;29:
6617.
5. Macgregor K, Gerlach S, Mellor R, et al. Cutaneous stimulation from patella tape causes a differential increase in
vasti muscle activity in people with patellofemoral pain. J
Orthop Res 2005;23:3518.
6. Murray H, Husk L. Effects of Kinesio taping on proprioception in the ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001;31:
A-37.
7. Kase K, Tatsuyuki H, Tomoko O. Development of Kinesio
tape. Kinesio Taping Perfect Manual. Kinesio Taping Association 1996;610:1178.
8. Morrissey D. Proprioceptive shoulder taping. J Bodywork
Movement Ther 2000;4:18994.
9. Janwantanakul P, Gaogasigam C. Vastus lateralis and vastus
medialis obliquus muscle activity during the application of
inhibition and facilitation taping techniques. Clin Rehabil
2005;19:129.
10. Ridding MC, Brouwer B, Miles TS, et al. Changes in muscle
responses to stimulation of the motor cortex induced by
peripheral nerve stimulation in human subjects. Exp Brain
Res 2000;131:13543.
11. Simoneau GG, Degner RM, Kramper C, et al. Changes in
ankle joint proprioception resulting from strips of athletic
tape applied over the skin. J Athl Train 1997.
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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (2008) 11, 198201

Effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in

Summary Muscle strength is a key component of an athletes performance and may

Taping is widely used to prevent injury to

Kinesio taping and muscle strength

ever, few studies have measured the effectiveness

Materials and methods

Figure 1 The taping method and the subjects posture

Peak torque (kg m)

Total work (kg m)

attributable to each factor. Statistical significance

to the thighs and knees of healthy athletes. This

Kinesio taping and muscle strength

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

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