The document discusses interfacing a microcontroller with a motion controller chip to control servo motors. It describes the interface design between the chips, providing a parallel data bus and clock signal. It also outlines software for initiating motor movement and tuning the PID control loop.
The document discusses interfacing a microcontroller with a motion controller chip to control servo motors. It describes the interface design between the chips, providing a parallel data bus and clock signal. It also outlines software for initiating motor movement and tuning the PID control loop.
The document discusses interfacing a microcontroller with a motion controller chip to control servo motors. It describes the interface design between the chips, providing a parallel data bus and clock signal. It also outlines software for initiating motor movement and tuning the PID control loop.
The document discusses interfacing a microcontroller with a motion controller chip to control servo motors. It describes the interface design between the chips, providing a parallel data bus and clock signal. It also outlines software for initiating motor movement and tuning the PID control loop.
INTRODUCTION Control of servo motors has a wide range of applications including industrial control, factory automation, position and velocity servomechanism, and robotics. The basic tasks involved in such motion controls include position, velocity, and acceleration measurement, implementation of PID algorithm, detection of overrun and stress conditions, and communication back to a central controller. The HPC high performance microcontroller in conjunction with LM629 motion controller chip provides a solution for handling these required control tasks with extremely high degree of precision and very little software overhead. The HPC is a highly integrated and high performance member of the HPCTM family of Nationals microcontroller. The availability of a wide variety of on-chip peripherals such as high speed timers, high speed I/Os, input capture, A/D, PWM, UART and MICROWIRETM provides a flexible architecture for a wide variety of high performance applications at a reasonable cost. The LM629 is a Nationals dedicated motion-control processor designed for use with a variety of D.C. and brushless D.C. servomotors which provide a quadrature incremental position feedback signal for close-loop operation. The LM629 stand alone can perform all the intensive, real-time computational tasks required for high performance digital motion control. As a result in a multi-task system using the HPC where one of the tasks requires precision servo control can be achieved with this chip-set with minimal software overhead and very little CPU time.
THE INTERFACE DESIGN
Figure 1 shows the interface between the HPC and the LM629 via an 8-bit parallel bus. As shown in the figure, the HPC (host controller) interfaces with the LM629 data bus (D0 D7) on the lower half of PORTA (MUXed address/data bus). The HPC in this application, is used in 8-bit ExpandedNormal mode (strapping the HBE pin to VCC, EXM pin to ground and EA bit in the PSW set to a one). The advantage of such a configuration is the upper half of the address/data bus (PORTA bits 8:15) will latch the address which is used to generate the required chip select for the LM629. This eliminates the requirement of an address latch for the decoder logic. The delay and the logic associated with HPC write strobe (WR) is added to increase the write-data hold time (as viewed from the LM629 end) effectively causing the WR pulse to rise early. The LM629 clock is provided by the CK2 output of the HPC. Since the LM629 has a maximum running speed of 8 MHz, the fastest HPC could run in such applications will be 16 MHz. The 74HC245 is used to decrease the read-data hold time), which is necessary when interfacing HPC with slower peripherals.
Interfacing the HPC and LM629 for Motion Control
Interfacing the HPC and
LM629 for Motion Control
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FIGURE 1. Interface between the HPC and LM629
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HPCTM and MICROWIRETM are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation.
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
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The LM629 Host Interrupt (HI) output could be hardwired to
an input capture port (I2 in this case) or the NMI pin of the HPC for handshaking purposes. The Port Select (PS) input is hardwired to the pin B1 of the HPC for selecting command or data when communicating with the LM629. The LM629 gets its RESET from the HPC which is low for a minimum of 8 CK2 periods to satisfy its reset requirement. USER-SYSTEM INTERFACE Figure 2 shows a typical system implemented for handshaking between the user and the motion controller block. In this specific application, this is developed using the HPCs onchip UART communicating at 4800 baud using a standard 10 MHz HPC input clock (CKI). Any terminal (e.g., a VT100) hooked to the HPC UART via the MAX232 should serve the purpose. The user can then input data required to control the motor trajectory and tuning the PlD filter for precision motion control via this interface.
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FIGURE 3. DC Motor Output Driver Stage
MOTION CONTROL SOFTWARE Appended at the end of this application note is a flowchart (Figure 4) for initiating a simple motor movement and a sample software (in C) provided for the benefit of the reader. Note that the requirements of individual routines are very much application specific and left for the user to develop as required. TUNING THE PID When connecting up a drive system for the first time, there could be a possibility that the loop phasing is incorrect. As this may cause severe oscillation, it is recommended to use a low value for the proportional gain, say Kp e 1 (with Kd, Ki, and il all set to zero), which will provide a weak level of drive to the motor. If the system does oscillate with this Kp value then the motor connections should be reversed. Having determined that the loop phasing is correct Kp can now be increased to about 20 to see that the control system basically works. This value of Kp should hold the motor shaft reasonably stiffly, returning the motor to the set position, which will be zero until trajectory values have been input and a position move performed. If oscillation and unacceptable ringing still occurs, Kp should be reduced until it stops. Low values of acceleration and velocity can now be input, of around 100, and a position move commanded to say 1000 counts. All values suggested here are decimal. It is useful at this stage to try different values of acceleration and velocity to get a feel for the system limitation. These can be determined by reporting desired and actual velocity and acceleration to see that the error is not increasing without bound.
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FIGURE 2. User-System Interface
PWM MOTOR DRIVE INTERFACE
Figure 3 shows an LMD 18200a 3A H-bridge driver is interfaced to the LM629 PWM outputs to provide power amplification for driving brush/commutator and brushless D.C. motors. The motor used in this application is a brush D.C. motor with a HP HEDS 5300 incremental optical shaft encoder with 2-channel (without the index pulse) and 500 cps providing TTL compatible digital output.
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FIGURE 4. Flowchart of a Simple Motor Move
REFERENCES 1. Special Purpose Linear Devices Data BookNSC 2. HP HEDS-5000 series Optical Encoder Data Book 3. Linear Data BookNSC 4. HPC Users ManualNSC 5. Motion Control HandbookNSC
CONCLUSION The combination chip-set HPC and LM629 (also the LM628) form the core of a powerful solution to position servo problems. Commanded by the HPC microcontroller, the most powerful single-chip microcontroller available, this unique combination is the key to a flexible and easy-to-implement coordinated multi-axis motion system.
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Interfacing the HPC and LM629 for Motion Control
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