131354 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Load test on DC Shunt & DC Series motor
O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt and DC Series generator
Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)
Load test on single phase transformer
O.C & S.C Test on a single phase transformer
Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF methods.
V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor
Load test on three phase squirrel cage Induction motor
Speed control of three phase slip ring Induction Motor
Load test on single phase Induction Motor.
Study of DC & AC Starters

LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

Ex. No.

Date

AIM:
To perform load test on the given D.C series motor and to obtain the performance
characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Name of the
S.No

apparatus

Type

Range

FORMULAE:
Input Power VxI Watts
Torque {9.81( S1 xS 2 ) R}Nm
R radius of brake drum

Output Power

% Efficiency

2NT
Watts
60

output power
X 100
input power

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started with some load.
2. Brake drum should be cooled throughout the experiment.
PROCEDURE:

Quantity

1.

Connections are given as per the circuit diagram

2.

Observing the precautions the DPST switch is closed.

3.

The motor is started with the help of two-point dc starter slowly.

4.

Load on the motor is varied with the help of pony brake arrangement.

5.

Spring balance, ammeter, voltmeter and speed readings are noted down for
various line currents as the load is applied. Care must be taken to avoid the speed
reaching dangerously high values while reducing the load.

6.

At a minimum safe load the DPST switch is opened.

7.

Disconnect and return the apparatus.

TABULAR COLUMN:

S.No

V
(Volts)

I
(Amps)

N
(rpm)

S1
(Kg)

S2
(Kg)

S1~S2
(Kg)

T
(Nm)

Input
(Watts)

Output
(Watts)

Efficienc

RESULT:
The load test on the given D.C series motor was conducted and its performance
characteristics were drawn and the following conclusion can be given based on the
performance curves

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Ex. No.

Date

AIM:
To perform load test on the given D.C shunt motor and to obtain the
performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No.
1
2
3
4

Name
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Rheostat
Connecting

wires
Tachometer

Range

Type
MC
MC
Wire wound

Quantity

Digital

FORMULAE:
Input Power VxI Watts
Torque {9.81( S1 xS 2 ) R}Nm
R radius of brake drum

Output Power

% Efficiency

2NT
Watts
60

output power
X 100
input power

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance
position.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Observing the precaution the DPST switch is closed and the motor is
started with the help of 3-point DC starter slowly.
3. The motor field rheostat is adjusted and the motor is brought to rated
speed.
4. Load on the motor is varied with the help of pony brake arrangement.
5. Spring balance, ammeter, voltmeter and speed readings are noted
down for various line currents as the load is applied. Care must be
taken to avoid the speed reaching dangerously high values while
reducing the load.

S.No

V
(Volts)

I
(Amps)

N
(rpm)

S1
(Kg)

S2
(Kg)

S1~S2
(Kg)

T
(Nm)

Input
(Watts)

6. At a minimum safe load the DPST switch is opened.

7. Disconnect and return the apparatus.
TABULAR COLUMN:

MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT:
The load test on the given D.C shunt motor was conducted and its performance
characteristics were drawn and the following conclusion can be given based on the
performance curves

Output
(Watts)

Efficienc

OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEPARATELY EXCITIED DC

GENERATOR

Aim:
To draw open circuit characteristics of the given separately excited DC
generator.
Apparatus required:
Sl.No.
Name
1
Voltmeter

Range

Type
MC

Ammeter

MC

Rheostat

Wire wound

Tachometer

Connecting wires

Analog

Quantity

Precaution:
The field rheostat on the motor side must be kept at minimum
resistance position at the time of starting.
The field potentiometer on the generator side must be kept at
maximum potential position at the time of starting.
DPST switches must be kept open at the time of power on.
Procedure:
Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Observing the precautions the motor side DPST switch is closed.
The motor is started with the help of three- point DC starter slowly.
The speed is measured with the help of a hand tachometer.
If the speed is below the rated value, then it is brought to the rated
value by adjusting the field rheostat.
With DPST switch on the generator field side open the voltmeter
reading is noted down. (This is the residual voltage at the rated speed
at which the motor-generator set is running now.)
The DPST switch on the generator field side is closed.

 By adjusting the potentiometer on the generator field side suitably for

various increasing field currents, note down the terminal voltages till
around 125% of the rated voltage. The speed is maintained constant
throughout this process.
The generator terminal voltage is minimized to zero.
The speed is brought down to minimum value and the motor is
switched off with the help of DPST switch. (Note the starter holding
coil releasing the handle else bring it back to start position)

Tabular column :
Speed = _________rpm
S. No.

MODEL GRAPH:

If (amps)

Eo (volts)

Eo

If

Result

C ir c u it D ia g r a m

fo r O p e n
3

C ir c u it

a n d

lo a d

C h a r a c te r is tic s

fo r

D C

G e n e r a to r

p t. S ta r te r

F
2 2 0 V
D C
S u p p ly

D
P
S
T
S w it c h

A 1

F 2

A 1

F 1
G

M
F 2

A 2

A 2

V
F 1

D
P
S
T
S w it c h

N A M

L o a d

P L A

M O T O R

P
V
C
S

_
_

o
o
u
p

w e r
lt a g e
r r e n t
e e d

:
:
:
:

G E N E R A T O R

2 2 0 V
D C
S u p p ly

P
V
C
S

D
P
S
T
S w it c h

o
o
u
p

w e r
lt a g e
r r e n t
e e d

F U S E

V s

E g
V o lts
E

I
A m p s

V s

:
:
:
:

R A T

REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY EMF METHOD

Aim:
To pre-determine the regulation of alternator by emf method.
Apparatus required:
Sl.No.
Name
1
Voltmeter

Range

Type
MI

Ammeter

MC,

Ammeter

MI

Rheostat

Connecting wires

Wire wound

Formula:
open circuit voltage
Zs =

at constant field current

short circuit current

Rac = 1.6 x Ra
XS = ZS2 Rac2
ZS Synchronous impedance ()
XS Synchronous Reactance ()
Rac Effective Resistance
EO =

()

(Vcos + IaRac)2 + (Vsin IaXS)2

( + lagging p.f and - leading p.f)

V rated voltage ( volts)
Ia rated armature current (volts)
Rac effective resistance ( )
Cos power factor

Quantity

E0 V
% Regulation = ---------- x 100 %
V

Precautions:
TPST switch must be kept open.
Motor side rheostat must be kept in minimum position and
alternator side rheostat in maximum position.
Procedure:
Open circuit test:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Switch on the supply.
Start the motor alternator set by using starter.
Adjust the field rheostat of the motor to get the rated speed.
Increase the alternator field current in convenient steps and note down
all the meter readings upto 125% of the rated voltage.
Bring back the rheostat to the original position.
Short circuit test:
Close the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider such that
the maximum full load current flows through the armature
winding.
Note down all the meter readings .
Bring back the rheostats to original position and switch off the
supply.
Tabulation:
Open circuit test:

Sl.No

If
(Amperes)

Open circuit voltage

E0( Volts)

Short circuit test:

If2 (Amperes)

Isc (Amperes)

MODEL GRAPH:

Eo
Isc

If
Cos

% Regulation
leading

lagging

0
0.2
0.6
0.8
1

%Regn

leading

lagging

%Regn
RESULT:

REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY MMF METHOD

Aim:
To pre-determine the regulation of alternator by mmf method.
Apparatus required:
Sl.No.
Name
1
Voltmeter

Range

Type
MI

Ammeter

MC,

Ammeter

MI

Rheostat

Connecting wires

Quantity

Wire wound

Formula:
Ifr = If12 + If22 + 2 If1 If2 Cos (90)
{ + lagging p.f and - leading Pf}
If1

field current required to generate rated terminal voltage

If2

field current required to circulate rated short circuit current

Ifr

resultant field current

E0

The generated emf corresponding to Ifr (from graph)

% Regulation =

E0 V
---------- x 100 %
V

Precautions:
TPST switch must be kept open.
Motor side rheostat must be kept in minimum position and
alternator side rheostat in maximum position.
Procedure:

Open circuit test:

Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Switch on the supply.
Start the motor alternator set by using starter.
Adjust the field rheostat of the motor to get the rated speed.
Increase the alternator field current in convenient steps and note down
all the meter readings upto 125% of the rated voltage.
Bring back the rheostat to the original position.
Short circuit test:
Close the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider such that
the maximum full load current flows through the armature
winding.
Note down all the meter readings .
Bring back the rheostats to original position and switch off the
supply.
Tabulation:
Open circuit test:
Sl.No

Short circuit test:

If
(Amperes)

Open circuit voltage

E0( Volts)

If2 (Amperes)

Cos
Ifr

Lagging pf
E0

Isc (Amperes)

%R

Ifr

0
0.2
0.6
0.8
1

%Regn

leading

lagging

%Regn
RESULT:

Leading pf
E0

%R

LOAD TEST ON 3 SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim;
To determine the performance characteristics of the given 3 squirrel
cage induction motor by conducting load test.
Apparatus required:
Sl.No.
Apparatus
1
Voltmeter

Range

Type
MI

Ammeter

MI

Wattmeter

Dynamometer

Tachometer

Analog

Connecting wires

Quantity

Formula:
Input power

= W1 x MF1+ W2 x MF2 (watts)

Torque(T)

= ( S1 ~ S2 ) x 9.81 x r (N-m)

Output power = 2NT / 60 watts

Efficiency

= output power / input power x 100%

Slip

= NS N x 100 %
NS

Multiplication factor =

VIcos

no. of divisions in the wattmeter

S1, S2= spring balance readings in Kg.
R = radius of the brake drum in m (circumference / 2)
N = Actual speed of the rotor in rpm
T = Torque
NS = Synchronous speed rpm

PF = (W1 x MF1 + W2 x MF2)

3VL IL
Precautions:
There should be no load at the time of starting.
Auto transformer must be kept at minimum position
Procedure:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
Switch on the supply and adjust the auto transformer to get the
rated voltage and note down the no load readings.
Adjust the loads and for various loads note down the
corresponding meters reading till the rated current is reached.
Unload the motor, bring back the auto transformer to minimum
position and switch off the supply.
MODEL GRAPH
Efficiency
Speed
Slip
Power factor
load current
Torque

Output power in watts

SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

Aim:
To vary the speed of the given dc shunt motor by the following methods.
(i).Armature control method (below rated speed)
(ii).Field control method (above rated speed)
Apparatus Required:

Sl.no Name of the apparatus

1. Ammeter
2.

Volt meter

3.

Tacho meter

4.

Rheostat

5.

Connecting wires

Range

Type

Quantity

M.C
M.C
Analog
Wire wound

Precautions:
1.The field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position at
the time of starting
2. The armature rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position at
the time of starting
Procedure:
(i).Armature control method:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram
Switch on the supply
Keep the field current constant and for different armature voltage (by
varying armature rheostat ) note down the corresponding speed.
Bring back the rheostat to initial position and switch off the supply

(ii) Field control method

Switch on the supply
Start the motor by closing the DPST switch
Keep the armature voltage constant and for various field current note
down the corresponding speed.
Bring back the rheostat to initial position and switch off the supply
MODEL GRAPH

Armature Control method

Speed
rpm

Field control method

Speed
rpm

Armature voltage (volts)

Field current(amps)

(i).Armature control method:

Field current (If ) =
SL.No

Armature voltage
(volts)

(ii) Field control method

Speed
(rpm)

Armature voltage (Va ) =

SL.No

Field current
(amps)

Speed
(rpm)

Result:

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim:

To perform load test on a single phase transformer and determine its

performance characteristics
Apparatus Required:
Sl.no Name of the apparatus

Range

Type

1.

Ammeter

M.I

2.

Volt meter

MI.

3.

Watt meter

Dynamo meter

4.

Connecting wires

Formulae:
Input power = W1 x M.F1

watts

Output power = W2 x M.F2 watts

Output power
Efficiency =

X 100 %

Input power
E 02 - V 2

Regulation =

X 100 %
E 02

E 02 - No load secondary voltage

V 2 - Secondary voltage at various loads
M.F Multiplication factor
W1, W2 - Wattmeter readings
Multiplication factor (M.F) =

V I cos

Quantity

No of divisions in the watt meter

Precautions:
Auto transformer must be kept at minimum potential point
There should be no load at the time of starting the experiment
Procedure:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram
Switch on the supply and vary the autotransformer to get rated
primary voltage
Note down the no load readings
Add the load in steps and note down all the meter readings till the
rated secondary current is reached
Remove the load and bring back the autotransformer to original
position.
Switch off the supply
MODEL GRAPH

Efficiency
Regulation
%

Output power in watts

OC AND SC TEST OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim:
To perform open circuit and short circuit test on a single phase transformer and
predetermine the efficiency at various loads and also draw the equivalent circuit.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.no Name of the apparatus

1. Ammeter

Type

Range

Quantity

M.I

2.

Volt meter

MI.

3.

Watt meter

Dynamo meter

4.

Connecting wires

Formulae:
From open circuit test:
W0 = V0 I0 Cos 0 ( watts)
Cos 0 =

W0
V0 I0

I w = I0 Cos 0 ( Iron loss component)

I = I0 Sin 0 ( magnetizing component)
R0 = V0 / I w (resistance to represent core loss)
X0 = V0 / I

(reactance to represent magnetizing component)

W0 = No load input = core loss = Wi = Iron loss

I0 - No load input current
V0 No load rated input voltage
From short circuit test:

R01 = Wsc

Isc 2
Z01

= Vsc
Isc

X01 = Z012 - R012

R01 - equivalent resistance of transformer referred to primary side

X01 - equivalent reactance of transformer referred to primary side

Z01 - equivalent impedance of transformer referred to primary side

Wsc Full load copper loss
R02 = R01 x K 2
X02 = X01 x K 2
Z02 = Z01 x K 2
% Regulation =

I2 R02 Cos + I2 X02 Sin X 100 %

V2

+ lagging Power factor

- leading powerfactor
Cos - Power factor
Efficiency at various loads =

X * KVA * P.f

* 100 %

X * KVA * P.f + Wi + X 2 Wsc

X Load ratio
Precautions:
Auto transformer must be kept at minimum potential point
Procedure:

Open circuit test:

 Make the connections as per the circuit diagram

Switch on the supply and vary the autotransformer to get rated voltage
Note down ammeter ,voltmeter and wattmeter readings.
Bring back the autotransformer to original position.
Switch off the supply
Short circuit test:
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram
Switch on the supply and vary the autotransformer to get rated short
circuit current.
Note down ammeter ,voltmeter and wattmeter readings.
Bring back the autotransformer to original position.
Switch off the supply
Equivalent circuit referred to primary side:

Equivalent circuit referred to secondary side:

Model Graph

Open circuit test

Sl. Vo
Io
Wo
]no volts amps div

Wo x M.F
watts

Short circuit

Load
ratio
X

Sl. Vsc Isc Wsc Wsc x M.F

]no volts amps div
watts
Output power
upf

RESULT

test:

0.8