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    Group 3 1.FURKAN (E1Q011014) 2.ganda Wenang S. (E1Q011015) 3.haerul Muammar (E1Q011016) 4.hardiyanto (E1Q011017) 5.HARI ARFAN (E1Q011018) HILFAN (E1Q011018)

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    Lia
    This document provides information about dimensional analysis and units in physics. It defines basic dimensions like length, mass, and time. It explains that both sides of a physics formula must have the same dimensions in order to be valid. Examples are given to demonstrate dimensional analysis and unit conversions. The document also discusses orders of magnitude, significant figures, and scientific notation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Group 3 1.FURKAN (E1Q011014) 2.ganda Wenang S. (E1Q011015) 3.haerul Muammar (E1Q011016) 4.hardiyanto (E1Q011017) 5.HARI ARFAN (E1Q011018) HILFAN (E1Q011018)

    Uploaded by

    Lia
    88 views8 pages
    This document provides information about dimensional analysis and units in physics. It defines basic dimensions like length, mass, and time. It explains that both sides of a physics formula must have the same dimensions in order to be valid. Examples are given to demonstrate dimensional analysis and unit conversions. The document also discusses orders of magnitude, significant figures, and scientific notation.

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    This document provides information about dimensional analysis and units in physics. It defines basic dimensions like length, mass, and time. It explains that both sides of a physics formula must have the same dimensions in order to be valid. Examples are given to demonstrate dimensional analysis and unit conversions. The document also discusses orders of magnitude, significant figures, and scientific notation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    88 views8 pages

    Group 3 1.FURKAN (E1Q011014) 2.ganda Wenang S. (E1Q011015) 3.haerul Muammar (E1Q011016) 4.hardiyanto (E1Q011017) 5.HARI ARFAN (E1Q011018) HILFAN (E1Q011018)

    Uploaded by

    Lia
    This document provides information about dimensional analysis and units in physics. It defines basic dimensions like length, mass, and time. It explains that both sides of a physics formula must have the same dimensions in order to be valid. Examples are given to demonstrate dimensional analysis and unit conversions. The document also discusses orders of magnitude, significant figures, and scientific notation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GROUP 3

    1.FURKAN (E1Q011014)
    2.GANDA WENANG S.
    (E1Q011015)
    3.HAERUL MUAMMAR
    (E1Q011016)
    4.HARDIYANTO
    (E1Q011017)
    5.HARI ARFAN (E1Q011018)
    6. HILFAN (E1Q011018)

    Dimension Analysis
    Dimension analisys is one of physics measurement tools that often used as
    the indicator for validity of a physics formula. The dimension of a quantity
    describes how it is composed from basic quantities.
    One of advantages in using dimension is that it can be used as the indicator
    of validity of a physics formula. Both sides in physics formula must have the
    same dimension.
    Instrument
    Length
    Mass
    Time
    Temperature
    Electric Current
    Light Intensity
    Amount of
    Substance

    Dimension
    Symbol
    L
    M
    T

    I
    J
    N

    Unit
    m
    kg
    s
    K
    A
    cd
    mol

    Difference From Dimension and Units:


    Units has many type but dimension has only one.
    For example; in length, there are many units can be found like meters, yard,
    feet, inch, etc but its dimension just L
    Example:
    Is the formula for distance S =

    1 2
    at , with is a accelaration and t is time,
    2

    dimensionally correct ?
    Answer :
    To determine whether this formula is dimensionally correct, we have to prove
    that the dimension in the left side is the same as the dimension in the right
    side, thus the dimension analysis will be
    [L] = [LT-2] [T2]
    [L] = [L]

    Both side have the same dimension , so the equation dimensionally corect.
    But remember that dimensional analysis cannot be used to conclude that
    and equation is correct. It is because an equation may contain
    dimensionaless number, for example in the above equation. The number
    cannot be obtained from dimensional analysis.
    If the dimension in both sides is not the same, then the equation ios not
    correct. But, if the dimension in both sides is the same, then the equation
    may be correct.

    Conversion of Units
    In solving physics problem, sometime we find units that must converted first.
    Its like from kilogram to gram, inch to meters, cc to meter cubic, km/hour to
    m/s, etc.

    This is other list that can help us to converting units:


    1 inch = 2,54 cm
    1 feet = 30,509 cm
    1 mile = 5280 ft
    1 sea mile = 1,15 mile
    1 light year = 9,46 x 1015 meter
    1 parsec = 3,26 light year
    1 gallon = 3,78 liter
    1 meters cubic = 35,31 ft-cubic
    1 m/s = 3,28 ft/s
    1 knot = 1,151 mile per our = 0,5144 m/s
    1 bat = 1 efa = 36 liter

    Example in converting units:


    1 km/hour = 1.000 m/ 3.600 s =

    5
    m/s
    18

    1 kg/m3 = 1.000 g / 1.000.000 cm3 = 0,001 g/cm3

    Order of magnitude calculation


    It is often useful to compute an approximate answer to a given physical problem even
    when little information is available. We will sometimes refer to an order of magnitude of a certain
    quantity as the
    power of ten of the number that describes that quantity. Usually, when an order-ofmagnitude
    calculation is made, the results are reliable to within about a factor of 10. If
    a quantity increases in value by three orders of magnitude, this means that its value increases
    by a factor of about 103=1000. We use the symbol ~ for is on the order of.Thus,

    0,0086 ~ 10-2

    0,002 ~ 10-3

    720 ~ 103

    Significant Figures - Rules


    Significant figures are critical when reporting scientific data because they give the reader an idea
    of how well you could actually measure/report your data. Before looking at a few examples, let's
    summarize the rules for significant figures.

    1) ALL non-zero numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are ALWAYS significant.


    2) ALL zeroes between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant.
    3) ALL zeroes which are SIMULTANEOUSLY to the right of the decimal point AND at
    the end of the number are ALWAYS significant.
    4) ALL zeroes which are to the left of a written decimal point and are in a number >= 10
    are ALWAYS significant.
    A helpful way to check rules 3 and 4 is to write the number in scientific notation. If you can/must
    get rid of the zeroes, then they are NOT significant.
    Examples: How many significant figures are present in the following numbers?
    Number

    # Significant Figures

    Rule(s)

    48,923

    3.967

    900.06

    1,2,4

    0.0004

    1,4

    8.1000

    1,3

    501.040

    1,2,3,4

    3,000,000

    10.0

    1,3,4

    This gives you some idea of how to determine the number of significant figures in a single
    number.
    To find out how to use this information when performing mathematical operations
    (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division),

    ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION:


    When adding or subtracting numbers, count the NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACESto
    determine the number of significant figures. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE
    PLACES AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT THAN THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF
    DECIMAL PLACES in the numbers being added or subtracted.
    Example:

    252.8
    2.37
    255.17

    8 is estimated figure (1 digit following decimal point)


    7 is estimated figure (2 digit following decimal point)
    the figure 1 and 7 are estimated figure

    MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION:


    When multiplying or dividing numbers, count the NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT
    FIGURES. The answer cannot CONTAIN MORE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES THAN
    THE NUMBER BEING MULTIPLIED OR DIVIDED with the LEAST NUMBER OF
    SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

    Example:

    23.123123
    (8 significant figures)
    1.3344
    x
    (5 significant figures)
    30.855495
    (on calculator)
    30.855 (rounded to 5 significant figures)

    Scientific Notation
    Sometimes, especially when you are using a calculator, you may come up with a very long
    number. It might be a big number, like 2,890,000,000. Or it might be a small number, like
    0.0000073.
    Scientific notation is a way to make these numbers easier to work with. In scientific notation,
    you move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. Then you add a
    power of ten that tells how many places you moved the decimal.
    In scientific notation, 2,890,000,000 becomes 2.89 x 109. How?

    Remember that any whole number can be written with a decimal point. For example:
    2,890,000,000 = 2,890,000,000.0

    Now, move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. If you keep
    moving the decimal point to the left in 2,890,000,000 you will get 2.89.

    Next, count how many places you moved the decimal point. You had to move it 9 places
    to the left to change 2,890,000,000 to 2.89. You can show that you moved it 9 places to
    the left by noting that the number should be multiplied by 109.

    2.89 x 109 = 2.89 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10


    2.89 x 109 = 2,890,000,000
    Scientific notation can be used to turn 0.0000073 into 7.3 x 10-6.

    First, move the decimal place until you have a number between 1 and 10. If you keep
    moving the decimal point to the right in 0.0000073 you will get 7.3.

    Next, count how many places you moved the decimal point. You had to move it 6 places
    to the right to change 0.0000073 to 7.3. You can show that you moved it 6 places to the
    right by noting that the number should be multiplied by 10-6.

    7.3 x 10-6 = 0.0000073


    Remember: in a power of ten, the exponentthe small number above and to the right of the 10
    tells which way you moved the decimal point.

    A power of ten with a positive exponent, such as 105, means the decimal was moved to
    the left.

    A power of ten with a negative exponent, such as 10-5, means the decimal was moved to
    the right.

    Powers of Ten
    billions
    109 = 1,000,000,000
    10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 =
    1,000,000,000
    millions
    106 = 1,000,000
    10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000,000
    hundred thousands
    105 = 100,000
    10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 100,000
    ten thousands
    104 = 10,000
    10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000

    thousands
    103 = 1,000
    10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000
    hundreds
    102 = 100
    10 x 10 = 100
    tens
    101 = 10
    ones
    100 = 1
    tenths
    101 = 1/10
    1/10 = 0.1
    hundredths
    102 = 1/102
    1/102 = 0.01
    thousandths
    103 = 1/103
    1/103 = 0.001
    ten thousandths
    104 = 1/104
    1/104 = 0.0001
    hundred thousandths
    105 = 1/105
    1/105 = 0.00001
    millionths
    106 = 1/106
    1/106 = 0.000001
    billionths
    109 = 1/109
    1/109 = 0.000000001

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