Nama

NIM
Kelompok

: Aditya
: 21060114130074
: A9
CHAPTER 7

Exercise 1. Since vs for

Directions: Describe yourself, orally or in writing, using since, for, or never
with the present
perfect.
Example: have (a particular kind of watch)
Ive had my Seiko quartz watch for two years. OR
Ive had my Seiko quartz watch since my eighteenth birthday.
Example: Smoke cigars/cigarettes/ a pipe
Ive never smoked cigarettes. OR
I havent smoked cigarettes since I was seventeen.
1. Know (third Indonesian President)
I have learned everything about the third Indonesian President since
I was eight
2. Live in (this city)
I have had enough of living in this city,Im going to move next
month.
3. Study English
I have had a big passion to learn english since my sixteenth
birthday.
4. Be in this class/at this school/with this company
I have been in this class for two hours.
5. Have long hair/short hair/a moustache
I have not had a long hair since my sophomore year.
6. Wear glasses/contact lenses
I have never worn glasses in the dark.
7. Have (a winter jacket)
I have had a winter jacket since I was young.
8. Be interested in (electrical engineering)
I have had my big interest in electrical engineering since I was in
Senior High School.
9. Be married
Ive been married for two years.
10. Have a driver license.
I have never had a driver license since I was 20.

Exercise 3. Present perfect vs. The present perfect progressive.

Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect or the
predent perfect
progressive. In some sentences, either from is possible.
1. A: Im tired. We (walk) have been walking for more tha an hour. Lets
stop and rest fora while.
B: Okay.
2. A: Is the post office far from here?
B: Not at all. I (walk) have walked there many times.
3. A: Do you like it here?
B: I (live) have just lived here for only a short while. I dont know
yet.
4. A: I (read) have been reading this chapter in my chemistry text
three times, and I stilldont understand it!
B: Maybe I can help.
5. A: My eyes are getting tired. I (read) have been reading for two
hours. I think Illtake a break.
B: Why dont we go for a walk?
6. A: Do you like the Edgewater Inn?
B: Vey much. I (stay) have stayed there at least 3 dozen times. Its
myfavourite hotel.
7. A: The babys crying. Shouldnt we do something?
B: Hes all right.
A: Are you sure? He (cry) has been crying for almost ten minutes.
B: Okay. Ill go into his room an see if anythings wrong.
8. A: whos your daughters new teacher?
B: Mrs. Jackson.
A: Shes the one of the best teachers at elementary school. She
(teach) has been teachingkindergarten for ten years.
9. A: Ed (play) has played tennis for ten years, but he still doesnt have
a good
backhand.
B: Neither do I, and I (play) have been playing tennis for twenty
years.
10.
A: Where does Mr. Alvarez work?
B: At the power company. He (work) has been working there for
fiften years. He likeshis job.
A: What about his neighbor, Mr. Perez?
B: Hes currently unemployed, but hell find a new job soon.
A:What kind of job experience does he have?
B: He (work) has worked for a small manufacturing firm, for
telephone

company, and two of the worlds leading software companies. With

all that work
experience, he wont have any trouble finding another job.

EXERCISE 6. Error Analysis

Directions: Correct the errors. Most of the error are in verb usage, but
some are in
miscellaneous (e.g., capitalization, word order, spelling agreement, etc.)
1. I have been studied English for eight year, but I still have a lot to learn
Correction: studied studying
year
years
2. I want to learn English since I am a child
Correction: I have always wanted to learn English since I was a child.
3. Our class has have three tests since the beginning of the term
Correction: Our class have had three tests since the beginning of the
term
4. I have started the English classes since three weeks ago and I am
learning some English
since that time.
Correction: I am learning some I have been learning some
5. I have been thinking about to improve my English ability since I came
here, but I still
dont find a good way
Correction: I have been thinking about how to improve my English
ability since I
came here but havent found a good way yet.
6. All of us has learn many things since we were children
Correction: All of us has learn All of us have learned
7. when I was at my sisters house, we had an argument. Since then I
didnt talk to her for
three days
Correction: When I was at my sisters house,we had an argument.
Since then I
Havent talked to her for three days.
8. since I was very young, I like animals
Correction: I like animals since I was very young.
9. I have been study English for three and a half month
Correction: study studying

10. I like very much English. Since I was young, my father found an
American girl to teach
my brothers and me English, but when I move to another city my
father hasnt find one
for five years. Now I am living here and studying English program.
Correction: I like very much English I like English very much.
Move
Moved
Hasnt find Hasnt found
11.I almost die in an automobile accident five years ago. Since that day
my life has
changed completely
Correction: Die Died.
12. In my country, women are soldiers in the army since the 1970s.
Correction: None.
13. I meet Abdul in my first English class last June. He was friendly and
kind. We are
friends since that day.
Correction: Meet Met.
14. My favorite place in the world is my hometown. I live there for twenty
years.
Correction: I lived there for twenty years. I have lived there for
twenty years.
15. My wife and I have been in Italy two weeks ago. We went there to ski.
Correction: Have been Had gone.
16. My wife broke his leg while she was skiing in Italy. Now shes hoe, but
she cant walk
without help. A lot of our friends are visiting her since she has broken
her leg.
Correction: Hoe Fine
Has Had
17. I was busy every day since I arrived at this city.
Correction: Was Have been
18. I havent to eaten any kind of Chinese food for a week. I miss it a lot!
Correction: I havent to eaten I havent eaten
EXERCISE9. Present perfect vs. past perfect.
Directions: Complete the sentences with the present perfect or the past
perfect form of the
verb in parentheses.
1. A : Oh no! Were too late. The train (leave, already)has already left .
B : Thats okay. Well catch the next train to Athens.
2. Last Thursday, we went to the station to catch a train to Athens, but we
were too late. The
train (leave, already) had already left .
3. A : Go back to sleep. Its only six oclock in the morning.
B : Im not sleepy. I (sleep, already) have already sleptfor eight hours.
Im going to get up.
4. I woke up at six this morning, but I couldnt get back to sleep. I wasnt
sleepy.(sleep, already) I had already sleptfor eight hours.
5. A : Ill introduce you to Professor Newton at the meeting tonight.

B : You dont need to. I (meet, already)have already methim.

6. Jack offered to introduce me to Professor Newton, but it wasnt
necessary. I (meet,
Already)had already methim.
7. A : Do you want to go to the movie tonight?
B : What are you going to see?
A : Distant Drums.
B : I (see, already)have already sawit. Thanks anyway.
8. I didnt go to the movie with Francisco last Tuesday night. I
(see, already)had alreadyit.
9. A : Jane? Jane! Is that you? How are you? I havent seen you for ages!
B : Excuse me? Are you talking to me?
A : Oh. Youre not Jane. Im sorry. It is clear that I (make)have madea
mistake. Please
excuse me.
10. Yesterday I approached to a stranger who looked like Jane Moore and
started
talking to her. But she wasnt Jane. It was clear that I (make)had madea
mistake. I was
really embarrassed.
EXERCISE 10.Verb tense review.
1. My glasses three times so far this year. One time I dropped them on a
cement floor.
Another time I sat on them. And this time I stepped on them.
A. broke B. was breaking C. have broken D. have been breaking
Answer: C.
2. Kate reached to the floor and picked up her glasses. They were broken.
She
on them.
A. stepped
B. had stepped C. was stepping D. has stepped
Answer: A.
3. Sarah gets angry easily. She .... a bad temper ever since she was a
child.
A. has
B. will have
C. had
D. has had
Answer: D.

4. Now, whenever Sarah starts to lose her temper, she ... a deep breath
and ... to
ten.
A. takes . . . counts
C. took . . . counted
B. has taken . . . counted
D. is taking . . . counting
Answer: A.
5. Nicky, please dont interrupt me. I ... to Grandma on the phone. Go play
with your trucks
so we can finish our conversation.
A. talk
B. have talked
C. am talking
D. have been
talking
Answer: C.

6. We at hotel in Miami when the hurricanehit southern Florida last month.

As soon as the
hurricane moved out of the area, we left and went back home.
A. had stayed
B. stay
C. were staying D. Stayed
Answer: C.
7. Now listen carefully. When Aunt Martha ... tomorrow, give her a big hug.
A. arrives
B. will arrive
C. arrived
D. is going to arrive
Answer: C.
8. My cousin ... with me in my apartment for the last two weeks. Im ready
for him to leave,
but he seems to want to stay forever. Maybe I should ask him to leave.
A. is staying
B. stayed C. was staying
D. has been staying
Answer: D.
9. Mrs. Larsen discovered a bird in her apartment. It was in her living
room. It ...
into her apartment through an open window.
A. was flying
B. has flown
C. has flown
D. was
flown
Answer: A.
10. The phone rang, so I ... it up and ....... hello.
A. picked . . . had said C. was picking . . . said
B. picked . . . said
D. was picking . . . had said
Answer: A
EXERCISE11. Verb tense review.
1. My mother began to drive cars when she was fourteen. Now she eightynine, and she still
drives. She ... cars for seventy-five years.
A. was driving
B. Drives
C. drove
D. has been driving
Answer: D.
2. In every culture, people ... jewellery since prehistoric times.
A. wear
B. wore
C. have worn
D. had worn
Answer: C.
3. It ... when I left the house this morning, so I opened my umbrella.
A. rained
B. had rained
C. is raining
D. was raining
Answer: D.
4. Australian koala bears are interesting animals. They ...practically their
entire lives in trees without ever coming down to the ground.
A. are spending
C. have spent
B. have been spending D. Spend
Answer: D.
5. The teacher is late today, so class hasnt begun yet. After she ...
here, class will begin.
A. will get B. is going to get C. gets
D. is getting
Answer: C.
6. Its raining hard. It ... an hour ago and ... yet.
A. had started . . . doesnt stop
C. started . . . hasnt stopped
B. has started . . . didnt stop
D. was starting . . . isnt stopping

Answer: C.
7. Alexs bags are almost ready for his trip. He ... for Syifa later this
afternoon. Well say
good-bye to him before he ... .
A. left . . . went
C. is leaving . . . goes
B. leaves . . . will go
D. has left . . . will go
Answer: B.
8. I heard a slight noise, so I walked to the front door to investigate. I
looked down at the
floor and saw a piece of paper. Someone ... a note under the door to my
apartment.
A. had pushed
B. is pushing
C. has pushed
D.
Pushed
Answer: C.
9. I walked slowly through the market. People ... all kinds of fruits and
vegetables. I studied
the prices carefully before I decided what to buy.
A. have sold
B. sell
C. had sold D. were selling
Answer: D.
10. I really like my car. I ... it for six years. It runs beautifully.
A. have
B. have had
C. had
D. have been having
Answer: B.
7.3.2 TES FORMATIF
A. Sentences with SINCE-clause
Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in the parentheses. Put
brackets around
since-clauses.
1. I (know) Mark Miller ever since we (be) in college.
I have known Mark Miller ever since we were in college.
2. Pedro (change) his major three times since he (start) school.
Pedro changed his major three time since he started school.
3. Ever since I (be) a child, I (be) afraid of snakes.
Ever since I was a child,I have afraid of snakes.
4. I cant wait to get home to my own bed. I (sleep, not) well since I
(leave) home three days
ago
I cant wait to get home to my own bed.I havent sleep well since I
left home three days ago.
5. Ever since Danny (meet) Nicole, he (be,not) able to think about
anything or anyone else.
Hes in love.
Ever since Danny met Nicole,he has not be able to think about
anything or anyone else.Hes in love.
6. Otto (have) a lot of problems with his car ever since he (buy) it. Its a
lemon.
Otto has had a lot of problems with hisa car ever since he bought
it.Its a lemon.

7. A: What (you,eat) since you (get) up this morning?

B: I (eat) a banana and some yogurt. Thats all.
A: What have you eaten since you got up this morning?
B: I ate a banana and some yogurt.Thats all.
8. Im eighteen. I have a job and I am in school. My life is going okay now,
but I (have) a miserable home life when I (be) a young child. Ever since I
(leave) home at the age of fifteen. I (take) care of myself. I (have) some
hard times, but I (learn) how to stand on my own two feet.*
Im eighteen.I have a job and I am in school.My life is going okay
now,but I had a
miserable home life when I was a young child.Ever since I left home
at the age of fifteen.I have taken care of myself.I had some hard
times,but I learned how to stand on my own two feet.
B.Verb tense review.
Dear Adam,
Hi! Remember me? (Just a joke!) I (write, not) 1 havent written to you for at least
six months, but thats not long enough for you to forget me! I think about writing to
you often, but I (be, not) 2 havent been a good correspondent for the last few
months. You (hear, not) 3 havent heard from me for such a long time because I (be)
4 have been really busy. For the last few months (work) 5 have been working fulltime at a shoe store and (go) 6 going to school at the local community college to
study business and computers. When I (write) 7 wrote to you six months ago last
April, I think I (go) 8 was going to the university full time and (study) 9 studying
anthropology. A lot of things (happen) 10 have happened since then. At the end of
the spring semester last June, my grades (be) 11were terrible. As a result, I (lose) 12
lost my scholarship and my parents support. I really (mess) 13 messed up when I
(get) 14 got those bad grades. When I (show) 15 showed my grade report to my
parents, they (refuse) 16 refused

to help me with my living expenses at school

anymore. They (feel) 17 felt that I was wasting my time and their money, so they
(tell) 18 told me to get a job. So last June I (start) 19started working at the shoe
store: Imperial Shoes at South Centre Mall. I (work) 20 have worked there ever
since. It

(be,

not) 21 hasnt beena bad

not) 2223 hasnt been wonderful

job, but

either. Every day,

it

(be,

I (fetch) 24 fetch

shoes from the back room for people, to try on, boxes and boxes of shoes, all day
long. I (meet) 25 have met some pretty weird people since I (start) 26 started this job.
A couple of weeks ago, a middle-aged man (come) 27 came into the store. He (want)
28 wanted to try in some black leather loafers. I (bring) 29 brought the loafers, and
he (put) 30 put them on. While he (walk) 31 was walking around to see if they fit

okay, he (pull) 32 pulled from his pocket a little white mouse with pink eyes and
(start) 33 started talking to it. He (look) 34 looked right at the mouse and (say) 35
said, George, (you, like) 36 do you like this pair of shoes? When the mouse
(twitch) 37 twitchedits nose, the man (say) 38 said, Yes, so do
39 turned to me

and

(say) 40 said

I. then he (turn)

, Well take them. Can you believe

that!?
Most of the people I meet are nice and normal. My favorite customers (be) 40 are
people who (know) 41 know what they want when they (enter) 42 enter the store.
They (come) 43 come in. (point) 44 point at one pair of shoes, politely (tell) 45 tell
the their size, (try) 46 try the shoes on, an then (buy) 47 buy them, just like that. They
(agonize, not) 48 dont agonize for a long time over which pair to buy. I (learn) 49
have learned one important thing from working at the shoe store. I (want, not) 50
dont want to sell shoes as a career. I (need) 51need a good education that (prepare)
52 is going to prepare me for a job that I can enjoy for the rest of my life. And even
though I love studying anthropology, I (decide) 53 have decided that a degree in
business and computers will provide the best career opportunities. Now I (work) am
working part-time at the shoe store and (go) going to school at the same time. I (want
always) have always wanted to be completely independent and self-reliant, and now I
(be) am I (have) have to pay every penny of my tuition and living and living
expenses now. Ever since I (lose) lost my scholarship and (make) made my parents
mad, I (be) have been completely on my own. Im glad to report that my grade at
present (be) are excellent, and right now I (enjoy, really) am really enjoying my work
with computers. In the future, I (continue) am going to continue to take courses in
anthropology whenever I can fit them into my schedule, and I (study) am going to
study anthropology on my own for the rest of my life, but I (pursue) will pursue a
career in business. Maybe there is some way I can combine anthropology, business,
and computer. Who knows?
There. I (tell) have told you everything I can think of that is at all important in my life
at the moment. I think I (grow) have grown up a lot during the last six months. I
(understand) understand that my education is important. Losing my scholarship
(make) made my life more difficult, but I (believe) believe that I (take, finally) have
finally taken charge of my life.

Its a good feeling.

Please write. Id love to hear from you.

Jessica

C.Review of verb tenses.

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

1. A: (you, have) Do you haveany plans for vacation?

B: yes, I do. I (plan)am planning to go to Toronto.
A: (you, be, ever) Have you ever been there before?
B: yes, I have. I (be)was in Toronto two months ago. My brother (live)lives
there, so I (go) go there often.

2. A: wheres Jessica?
B: she (study)is studying at the library.
A: when (she, get)will she get back home?
B: in an hour or so. Probably around five oclock.
A: how long (she, study)has been studying at the library?
B: since two oclock this afternoon.
A: (she, study)Does she study at the library every day?
B: not every day, but often

3. A:Shhh. Irene (talk) is talking on the phone long-distance.

B: who (she, talk) is she talking to?
A: her brother. They (talk) have been talking for almost an hour. I think
her brother is in some kind of trouble.
B: thats too bad. I hope its nothing serious.

4. A: (you, know) Do you knowAbdullahs new address?

B: not off the top of my head. But I (have) have it at home in my
computer. When I (get) get home this evening, I (call) will call and (give)
give you his address
A: thanks. Or you could e-mail it to me.

B: okay. I (do) will do that.

5. A: wheres Juan? He (be) has been absent from the class for the last three days.
(anyone, see) Has anyone seen him lately?
B: I have. I (see)saw him yesterday. He has a bad cold, so he (be)has been
home in bed since the weekend. He (be, probably)will probably be back in
class tomorrow.

6. A: how long (you, wear) have you been wearing glasses?

B: Since I (be) was ten years old
A: (you, be) Are you nearsighted or farsighted?
B: nearsighted.

7. A: Lets go to a restaurant tonight.

B: Okay. Where should we go?
A: (you, like) Do you like Thai food?
B: I dont know. I (eat, never)have never eaten any. Whats it like?
A: its a delicious, but it can be pretty hot!
B: Thats okay. I (love)love really hot food.
A: There (be)is a Thai restaurant downtown. I (go) have gone there a
couple of times. The food is excellent. B: Sounds good. I (be, never)have
never been to a Thai restaurant, so it (be)is going to be a new
experience for me. After (get)get there, can you explain the menu to
me?
A: Sure. And if I cant, our waiter or waitress can.
8.A: (you, smoke)Do you smoke?
B: yes, I do.
A: How long (you, smoke)have you been smoking?
B: well, let me see. I (smoke)have been smoking since I (be) was
seventeen. So I (smoke)have smoked for almost four years.
A: Why (you, start)did you start?
B: Because I (be)was a dumb, stupid kid.
A: (you, want)Do you want to quit?

B: Yes. I (plan)am planning to quit very soon. In fact. I (decide)have

decided to quit on my next birthday. My twenty-first birthday is two weeks
from now. On that day, I (intend)am intending to smoke my last cigarette.
A: Thats terrific! You (feel)will feel much better after you (stop)have
stopped smoking.
B: (you, smoke, ever) Have ever smoked?
A: No, I havent. I (smoke, never)have never smoked a cigarette in my life.
When I (be)was ten years old, I (smoke)smoked one of my uncles cigars.
My sister and I (steal)stole a couple of his cigars and (go)went behind the
garage to smoke them. Both of us (get)got sick. I (have, not)have not had
anything to smoke since then.
B: Thats smart.

D.Present perfect, past progressive, and past perfect.

Direction: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in
parentheses.
Use the present perfect, past progressive, or past perfect.

1. When I went to bed, I turned on the radio. While I (sleep) was sleeping somebody
turned it off.

2. Youre from Jakarta? I (be, never) have never been there. Id like to go there
someday.

3. I started to tell Rodney the news, but he stopped me. He (hear, already) had
already heard it.

4. When Gina went to bed, it was snowing. It (snow, still) was still snowing when
she woke up in the morning.

5. Risa called me on the phone to tell me the good news. She (pass) had passed her
final exam in English.

6. I couldnt think. The people around me (make) were making too much noise.
Finally, I gave up and left to try to find a quiet place to work.

7. Are you still waiting for David? (he, come, not) hasnt he come yet ? Hes really
late, isnt he?

8. Ottos back to work today, but was in the hospital last week. He (be, never) had
never been a patient in a hospital before. It was a new experience for him.

9. A couple of weeks ago Mr. Fox, out office manager, surprised all of us. When he
walked into the office, he (wear) was wearing a T-shirt and jeans. Everyone

stopped and stared. Mr. Fox is a conservative dresser. Before that time, he (wear,
not) hasnt worn his jeans to the office since that time. He wore them only that
one time.