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    Math For Matric

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    Math For Matric

    Uploaded by

    Fara Diba
    214 views8 pages
    mathematics

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    Math for Matric

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    214 views8 pages

    Math For Matric

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    Fara Diba
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    of 8

    Mathematics for

    Matriculation

    MATHEMATICS FOR
    MATRICULATION: ALGEBRA

    Paneen Kausar Yacob - Salina l\Iohin -

    Da~'ana

    Ibrahim

    :\or Aini Abd Rahman .. Sa'yah Abdullah - Nazreen RusH


    "ahiran Ghazali

    ~.. l~

    ,l

    Yong Zulina Zubairi

    (ENGAGE

    , .. Learning"
    Australia Brazil. Japan. Korea Mexico Singapore Spain. United Kingdom. United States

    ...

    CENGAGE
    Learning'

    Mathematics for
    Matriculation; Algebra

    Parveen Kausar Yacob


    Salina Mohin
    Dayana Ibrahim
    Nor Aini Abd Rahman
    Sa'yah Abdullah
    Nazreen Rusli
    Mahiran Ghazali
    Yong Zulina Zubairi
    Publishing Director:
    Paul Tan

    2009 Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd


    ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may
    be reproduced. transmitted. stored or used in any form or by any means graphic,
    electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording,
    scanning, digitalizi ng, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or
    information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of
    the publisher.

    For permission to use material from this text or product, email to


    asia.publishing@cengage.com

    ISBN13: 978-981-4272-67-4

    Sen ior Product Director:


    janet Lim

    ISBN-10: 981-4272-67-1

    Product Managers:
    Kevinjoo
    Tan Lee Hong

    Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd


    5 Shenton Way #01-01
    UIC Building
    Singapore 068808

    Senior Publishing Executive:


    jason Ng
    Copy Editor:
    Han Peeh Siew
    Cover Designer:
    joey Tong

    Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office


    locations around the globe, including Singapore. the United Kingdom, Australia,
    Mexico, Brazil and japan.
    Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region
    Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.

    Compositor:
    Impression One

    Printed in Malaysia

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10 09

    For product information, visit cengageasia.com

    Foreword

    OFFICE OF THE DEAN, CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES

    It is indeed a pleasure to be given the opportunity to pen a fe\v words in the book Jlathematicsfor Matriculation: Algebra.

    I wish to convey my congratulations to the authors. the team of academics from Centre for Foundation Studies of the
    IICM for their relentless effort in writing and adapting the Mathematics book for the students at the centre. I am sure
    your generous contributions indirectly provide pathways towards improving the quality of the teaching and learning at
    the Centre for Foundation Studies.

    As an academic institution, the management of IIU:'v[ continuously support and acknowledge efforts by the academic
    staff towards the advancement of knowledge as well as excellence in teaching. The efforts to publish the adaptation
    series of widely used textbooks will definitely enhance the quality of reading material for the students and complement
    the course instructors or lecturers.
    Lastly. I would like to urge students to make the most of the book. This book also benefits other students taking similar
    mathematics courses such as those in the preparatory or foundation programmes.
    Thank you.
    Best wishes.

    Office Address: Jalan Universiti. 46350 Petaling Jaya. Selangor. Malaysia


    Tel: 037955 3122, 79555322 Fax: 03-7957 1006
    http://www.iiu.edu.my

    Preface
    Math ell III tics .flu' Matriculation: Algebra is written for students at pre-university level. The book aims to provide a
    comprehensive study of basic concepts and principles of algebra as required by local matriculation syllabus. Every
    effort has been made to ensure that the book is as readable and as easily understood as possible.
    Some of the salient and distinctive features of the book include the use of illustration to clarify the meaning of the
    definitions and mathematical theorems. summaries of important mathematical properties and results. step-by-step
    explanations of worked examples. extensive collection of problems at the end of cach chapter. and applied examples
    and questions to help the students to relate their learning to real life situations.
    Boxed guidelines have been included in the text to help the students to tackle the problems systematically. Students are
    also been constantly reminded of some of the common mistakes and pitfalls.
    Answ'ers for some selected questions are given at the end of the text.
    It is our earnest hope that this book will help the students to develop a deeper appreciation and interest in mathematics.
    besides building a strong foundation in the principles of algebra.

    v<"e would also like to takc this opportunity to thank the academic staff in Department of Sciences Programmcs. Centre
    of Foundation Studies. International Islamic University rvlalaysia (IlCf\I) for their valuable comments. co-operation and
    support.

    Parveen Kausar Yacob


    Salina Mohin
    Dayana Ibrahim
    Nor Aini Abd Rahman
    Sa'yah Abdullah
    l\uzreen Rusli
    Mahiran Ghazali
    Yong Zulina Zubairi

    About the Authors


    PARYEEN KALSAR YACOB. is a lecturer at Department of Engineering. Centre for Foundation Studies.
    International Islamic l'niversity ivlalaysia (IID..1). She obtained her J\lEd. in Educational Technology from Cniversity
    of\lalaya (LJ\f) and B.Sc.lHonsl Edu in l'vIathematics from University of Technology J\lalaysia (UT\.fj, She has been
    teaching mathematics at the pre-university level for more than 15 years.
    SALI:\.\ \10HII\. is a lecturer at Department of Health and \lledical Sciences. Centre for Foundation Studies. nU\l
    She obtained her M.Ed. in Mathematics Education from University of Malaya (Ul\l) and B.Sc, in Applied Mathematics
    from University of \\!innipcg. Canada. She has more than 10 years of teaching experience at the pre-university level.
    OAYA:\A IBR\HI\I, is a lecturer at Department of Health and Medical Sciences. Centre for Foundation Studies,
    HCM. She obtained her 1'\'1.Sc. in Mathematics from National University of Malaysia (UKM) and B.Sc.(Hons) in
    l'vlathcmatics from University of Bradford. CK, She has with her more than 10 years of teaching experience at the preuniversity level.
    :\OR .\1:\1 ABD RAH\1.-\"I. is a lecturer at Department of Information and Communication Technology. Centre for
    Foundation Studies, IIU\l. She has more than 10 years of teaching experience at the pre-university level. She obtained
    her B.Se. (Hons) in Statistics from Universiti Putra \lalaysia (CP\l1} and Dip Edu. IHons) from National University of
    l'vlalaysia( UKJ\ll.
    SA 'YAH .\BDl'LL\H. is lecturer at Department of Sciences. Centre for Foundation Studies, HCM. She obtained her
    B.Sc. in Mathematics from University of Manchester, InstilUtc of Science and Technology. UK and Diploma in Islamic
    Revealed Knowledge from nUM. She has more than 10 years of teaching experience.
    :\AZREE:\ RUSLl. is a lecturer at Department of Engineering. Centre for Foundation Studies. HUM. She obtained
    her B.Eng. in Electrical & Communications Engineering from International Islamic Lniversity Malaysia (IIUI\fJ. She
    has two years of experience teaching mathematics at pre-University level. Prior to this. she spent two years in software
    development in the automotive industry,

    \ r \HIRAN GHAZALI. is a lecturer at Department of Sciences. Centre for Foundation Studies. International Islamic
    Lniversity Malaysia mCM f, She obtained both her MSc. in 1\1athematics and BSc. in Mathematics from Indiana State
    Cniversity. Terre Haute. USA. She more than ten years of experience in leaching mathematics at pre-university level.
    nr\(; ZUX'H ZlBAIRI. Ph.D.. is an Associate Professor at the Center for Foundation Studies in Science.
    LTniversity of Malaya. At present. she is also attached to the Centre for Community Network. University of \lalaya. Dr.
    Yong Zulina obtained her BSc in Mathematics from the Univesity of Kansas. USA. Phd. in Medical Statistics from
    Lniversity of Bradford, LK. and Dip. Education from f'ational University of ~lalaysia (UKM). She has more than
    twenty years of experience in teaching mathematics and statistics at pre-university and undergraduate levels.

    Contents
    Foreword
    Preface
    Abollt the Author

    CHAPTER 1

    .
    .
    .

    IT'\llVdE'\T\L CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    1.1
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4

    Real Number Systems


    _. _..
    Exponents and Radicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Algebraic Expressions
    __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Rational Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    _.
    ..
    ..
    ..

    .
    .
    .
    .

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11/

    H'

    ...
    . ..
    . ..
    . ..

    2
    12
    21
    33

    CHAPTER 2

    EQL\TIONS A ~D I:\EQCAUTIES
    , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    2.1 Equations.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    2.2 Modeling with Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    2.3 Inequalities.......................................................

    45
    46
    64
    72

    CHAPTER .3

    COORD1:\.\TE ta:O\IETRY .,.................................... ....


    loll)
    3.1 Rectangular Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90
    3.2 Graphs of Equations
    95
    3.3 Lines
    100
    3.4 Circle
    111

    CHAPTER 4

    COMPLEX :\L\IBERS
    4.1 Definition of Complex I'umbcr .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    4.2 Complex Number in a Standard Form
    _
    _
    4.3 Argand Diagram: Graphical Representation of a Complex I'umber
    4.4 Operations on Complex Number
    _.
    4.5 Conjugate
    _

    117
    118
    119
    121
    124
    127

    CHAPTERS

    Fl:NCTIONS A'\D GRAPHS


    .
    5.1 Functions
    _
    5.2 Properties of Functions
    5.3 Graphs of Functions
    5.4 Graphing Techniques: Transformations " _
    5.5 Quadratic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    5.6 Operations on Functions: Composite Functions
    5.7 One-to-one Functions: Inverse Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

    Ul
    132
    139
    144
    149
    157
    168
    173

    CHAPTER 6

    POLYNO\UAL FLl\CTIONS
    6.1 Polynomials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    6.2 Division of Polynomials
    6.3 Remainder and Factor Theorems
    6.4 Real Zeros of Polynomials
    _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
    6.5 Complex Zeros of Polynomials
    6.6 Graphing Polynomial Functions

    187
    188
    189
    195
    198
    204
    208

    VIII

    CON i f NTS

    ( II\PTER 7

    R\II<r\AI Fl ,\CTl()\S
    , ..
    7.1 Rational Functions
    7.2 Asymptotes of Rational Functions
    7.3 Graphing Rational Functions

    CH\PT~R ~

    EXPo,\E,\n \I \~() I flGARlTH\l1( Fl '\(T10~S


    Exponential Functions
    8.2 Logarithmic Functions
    8.3 Exponential and Logarithmic Equation .. ,
    8.4 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

    221
    , 222
    , 224
    229

    .,

    2~_,

    ............

    244
    , 249
    , 261
    269

    8.1

    (HAPTt.1{ 'J

    ~\:-'l1'.:'tI:-'

    9.1
    9.2
    9.3
    9.4
    9.5
    9.6
    Answer
    Index

    01 l-J.)LIAllU:"IiS.

    l\-1atrices
    Detem1inants
    System of Equations:
    System of Equations:
    System of Equations:
    System of Equations:

    "...........

    Substitution and Elimination \Iethod


    Gaussian and Gauss-Jordan Elimination
    Cramer's Rule
    Inverse
    __

    275

    276
    285
    , 293
    303
    309
    312

    A l-A24
    11-12

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