An English - Cornish Glossary

in the Standard Written Form

by
Albert Bock, Benjamin Bruch, Neil Kennedy, Daniel Prohaska, and Laurence Rule
Version: 14/08/2010
This glossary may be subject to further additions and corrections by the CLP's Dictionary Editorial Board
and Corpus Working Group.

The editors would like to thank Philip Chadwick, Michael Everson, Pol Hodge, Julyan Holmes, Rod
Lyon, and Polin Prys for their invaluable contribution.

List of abbreviations
abbr, abbreviation
adj, adjective
adv, adverb
adv phr, adverbial phrase
art, article
card, cardinal
coll, collective (singulatives are not specifically marked)
cmp, comparative adjective
conj, conjunction
dl, dual
f, feminine
int, interjection
m, masculine
m & f, gender uncertain or both used
n, noun
n phr, noun phrase
name, personal name
neut, the neuter noun tra (treated as a special case of fem. in grammars)
num, number
ord, ordinal
phr, phrase
pl, plural
prf, prefix
prn, pronoun (including possessive adjectives)
prp, preposition
prp prn, prepositional pronoun
RLC, Revived Late Cornish
RMC, Revived Middle Cornish
sup, superlative adjective
top, toponym
vb, verb
vb phr, verbal phrase

Scope of this glossary

This document is not meant to be a replacement for a full English-Cornish dictionary. Even though it has
been considerably enlarged so as to accommodate the needs of teachers and advanced learners, it was
originally only aimed at beginners. It is therefore limited in scope. A full SWF dictionary which is to include
references to spellings in other orthographies - is currently being produced by MAGA. Until this project is
finished, you will want to make use of existing dictionaries (see under sources below). Alternatively, or if you
are unsure about the SWF spelling of a word, please contact MAGA at http://www.magakernow.org.uk.

Searching the glossary electronically

In Acrobat Reader and most other PDF readers, words and phrases can be searched by pressing Ctrl+F. If you
are looking for the English translation of a specific Cornish word, this feature enables you to use the glossary in
reverse. Bear in mind, however, that irregular stress is marked by a dot, so that e.g. the Cornish word for too is
spelt ynwedh, which is the form you will want to search for. Alternatively, the text search also works for parts
of words, so that pressing Ctrl+F and entering ynwe will do the job without forcing you to enter a dot.

Notes on pronunciation and orthographic variants

The first public version of the glossary contained detailed explanations on pronunciation and orthographic
variants. It was felt, however, that this front matter might be off-putting to beginners. It has therefore been
replaced with the current, more practically orientated notes. The original front matter is still available as a
separate download from the MAGA website for all those who are interested in more detailed explanations of
linguistic and orthographic technicalities. In the near future, these will be complemented by a list of sample
words and MP3 files demonstrating their pronunciation. All supplementary files are available at
http://www.magakernow.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=48865.

Sources
Gendall, Richard. A Practical Cornish Dictionary. 2007.
George, Ken. Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn. An Gerlyver Meur. Cornish Language Board, 2009.
. Gerlyvrik. Cornish Language Board/Yoran Embanner, 2005.
Kennedy, Neil P. Gerlever Sowsnak-Kernak. Cussel an Tavaz Kernak, 2006.
Nance, R. Morton. Gerlyver Noweth Kernewek-Sawsnek ha Sawsnek-Kernewek. Dyllansow Truran, reprinted 1990.
Sandercock, Graham. Cornish This Way: Holywegh an Lergh. Cornish Language Board, 3rd ed. 2004.
Williams, Nicholas. Clappya Kernowek: Introduction to Unified Cornish Revised. Agan Tavas 1997.
---------- Gerlyver Kernowek-Sawsnek, 2nd ed. Agan Tavas/Evertype, 2006.

afflicted, adj, (tortured) tormentys; (plagued) plegys.

again, adv, arta; please repeat it, phr, arta mar pleg.
against, prp, (spatial) orth; the chair is against the
wall, phr, yman gador orth an fos; (opposition)
erbynn; erbydn (RLC); warbynn; warbydn (RLC);
against the law, phr, erbynn an laha; warbydn an
laha (RLC).
age, n, oos (m), osow (pl); ooj (m, RLC), ojow (pl, RLC).
ago, ptl, nans yw; nanj ew (RLC); five years ago, phr,
nans yw pymp bledhen.
agree, vb, akordya; unverhe; agree with, vb phr, bos
unver gans.
agreed, adj, akordys; (unanimous) unver.
agriculture, n, ammeth (f); abmeth (f, RLC).
air, n, ayr (m).
air hostess, n, ostes ayr (f), ostesow ayr (pl).
airport, n, ayrborth (m), ayrborthow (pl).
air steward, n, ost ayr (m), ostys ayr (pl).
alarm clock, n, difunel (m), difunellow (pl).
alas, int, tru, soweth.
alike, adv, kehaval.
alive, adj, byw; bew (RLC).
all, I adj, oll; II prn, peub.
alleyway, n, skochfordh (f), skochfordhow (pl).
allow, vb, gasa; gara (RLC).
almighty, adj, ollgalosek.
almost, adv, (before an adjective) ogas; (before a noun)
ogas ha; (before a verb) namna(g); (used
independently) ogasti; ogatti; he almost won, phr,
ev re waynyas ogatti.
along, adv, a-hys; a-hes (RLC).
aloft, I prp, a-ugh; II adv, a-vann; a-vadn (RLC).
alphabet, n, lytherennek (f), lytherednek (f, RLC),
lytherenegi (pl).
already, adv, seulabrys; seulabres (RLC).
alright, phr, da lowr; oll yn komposter.
also, adv, ynwedh; ywedh (RLC); keffrys; keffres
(RLC); maga ta.
although, conj, kyn5, kynth ( before vowels and H).
always, adv, pub prys; pub pres (RLC).
ambassador, n, kannas (f), kanasow (pl); kadnas (f,
RLC), kanajow (pl, RLC).
ambulance, n, karr klavji (m), kerri klavji (pl);
ambulans (m, RLC); ambulansys (pl, RLC)
America, n, Amerika (m); (United States of America)
An Statys Unys (pl).
American, adj, amerikanek; American football, n, pel
droos amerikanek (f).
amiable, adj, hegar; amiable towards someone, phr,
hegar orth nebonan.
among, prp, yn mysk; mesk (RLC).
amuse, vb, didhana.
amusing, adj, didhan; didhanus.
anchor, n, ankor, (m), ankoryow (pl).
anchorage, n, poll (m), pollow (pl); fleet anchorage, n,
lulyn (f).
anchovy, n, ganow kamm (m), ganowow kamm (pl);

A, a
ability, n, gallos (m).
able, adj, abel; to be able, vb phr, gallos.
abbreviate, vb, berrhe.
abbreviation, n, berrheans (m), berrheansow (pl).
abode, n, trigva (f), trigvaow (pl).
about, I adv, a-dro; II prp, a-dro dhe2.
above, prp, a-ugh.
abuse, vb, abusya.
abroad, I adj, (overseas) tramor; II adv, (apart) a-les.
abundant, adj, pals.
acceptable, adj, kemeradow.
access, n, hedhas (m), hedhasow (pl).
according to, prp, herwydh; war-lergh; according to
the forecast, phr, herwydh an dhargan.
account, n, akont (m), akontow (pl).
accountant, n, akontydh (m), akontydhyon (pl).
acrobat, n, lappyer (m), lappyoryon (pl).
across, adv & prp, a-dreus.
activity, n, aktivita (m), aktivitys (pl); gwrians (m),
gwriansow (pl).
actor, n, gwarier (m), gwarioryon (pl).
actress, n, gwariores (f), gwarioresow (pl).
add, vb, keworra.
adder, n, nader (f), nadres (pl).
address, n, trigva (f), trigvaow (pl).
adjective, n, hanow gwann (m), henwyn gwann (pl);
hanow gwadn (m, RLC), henwyn gwadn (pl, RLC).
administer, vb, menystra.
administration, n, menystrans (m).
administrator, n, menystrer (m), menystroryon (pl);
menystrores (f), menystroresow (pl).
admit, vb, (confess) avowa; meneges; (let in) amyttya;
degemeres a-berth.
advantage, n, les (m).
advantageous, adj, dhe les.
advertisement, n, argemmyn (m), argemynnow (pl);
argebmyn (m, RLC), argemydnow (pl, RLC).
advice, n, kussul (f), kussulyow (pl).
advise, vb, kussulya.
aerial, n, ayrlorgh (f), ayrlorhow (pl).
aeroplane, n, jynn ebron (m), jynnow ebron (pl),
jynnys ebron (pl); ayrplayn (m, RLC), ayrplayns (pl,
RLC).
afar, adv, a-bell.
afraid, adj, ownek.
aft, adv, a-dhelergh.
after, prp, (time only) wosa; woja (RLC); (time and
space) war-lergh.
afternoon, n, dohajydh (m); dohajedh (m, RLC);
androw (m); afternoon-time, n, androweyth (m);
good afternoon!, phr, dohajydh da!; dohajedh da!
(RLC).
afterwards, adv, a-wosa, ay wosa; ay woja (RLC); dres
keyn.
affirm, vb, afia.
4

ganow kabm (m, RLC), ganowow kabm (pl, RLC).

and, conj, ha (before consonants), hag (before vowels).
angel, n, el (m), eledh (pl).
angry, adj, serrys; get angry, vb, serri; kemeres sorr;
get angry with someone, vb phr, serri orth nebonan.
ankle, n, ufern (m), ufernyow (pl), dewufern (dl).
animal, n, enyval (m), enyvales (pl); best (m), bestys
(pl); mil (m), miles (pl).
announce, vb, deklarya.
Annunciation, n, Dygol Maria mis Meurth; Degol
Maria mis Meurth (RLC).
anoint, vb, olewi.
anorak, n, anorak (m), anorakow (pl).
another, adj, ken (precedes noun); another one, phr,
onan aral; ken onan.
answer, I n, gorthyp (m), gorthebow (pl); II vb,
gorthebi; answer back, vb phr, gorthebi oll dres
keyn; answering machine, n, jynn gorthebi (m),
jynnow gorthebi (pl), jynnys gorthebi (pl).
ant, n, moryonen (f), moryon (coll).
any, adj, vyth (in negative expressions), veth (RLC);
I did not see any light, phr, ny welis golow vyth.
any more, adj, namoy.
anyone, prn, nebonan.
anything, prn, (in negative phrases) tra vyth; tra veth
(RLC); (in positive phrases) neppyth; neppeth
(RLC).
anxiety, n, ahwer (m); preder (m), prederow (pl).
apart, adv, a-les.
apartment, n, rannji (m), rannjiow (pl).
ape, n, apa (m), apys (pl).
apparent, adj, (obvious) apert; heveladow.
apparently, adv, del hevel.
appear, vb, omdhiskwedhes.
appearance, n, semlant (m), semlans (pl).
appendix, n, ystynnans (m), ystynansow (pl).
apple, n, aval (m), avalow (pl); wild apple, n, aval
goodh (m), avalow goodh (pl).
approach, vb, nesa.
appropriate, adj, gwiw; gwew (RLC).
apricot, n, brykedhen (f), brykedh (coll).
April, n, Ebrel (m); mis Ebrel (m).
apron, n, apron (m), apronnyow (pl), aprodnyow (pl,
RLC).
archangel, n, arghel (m), argheledh (pl).
archer, n, gwareger (m), gwaregoryon (pl); sether (m),
sethoryon (pl).
archery, n, gwaregieth (f).
archipelago, n, enesek (f), enesegi (pl).
ardent, adj, gwresek.
argue, vb, dadhla; argya; kewsel a-dreus; don't argue!,
phr, na gows a-dreus!
argument, n, argument (m), argumentys (pl); dadhel
(f), dadhlow (pl).
arid, adj, sygh; segh (RLC).
arm, n, (body part) bregh (f), brehow (pl); diwvregh
(dl); (weapon) arv (f), arvow (pl); to take up arms,

vb, arva.
armchair, n, kador vregh (f), kadoryow bregh (pl).
arrogant, adj, balgh; prout; orgelous; gothus.
around, I adv, (in the immediate vicinity) yn kerhyn;
(traverse) a-dro; all around, adv, a-derdro; II prp, adro dhe2.
arrow, n, seth (f), sethow (pl).
art, n, art (m), artys (pl).
article, n, (text) skrif (m), skrifow (pl); skrifen (f),
skrifennow (pl), skrifednow (pl, RLC); erthygel (m),
erthyglow (pl); (grammatical) ger mell (m), geryow
mell (pl).
artist, n, artydh (m), artydhyon (pl); (painter) lymner
(m), lymnoryon (pl).
as, adv, avel; vel; conj, del2; I did it as a joke, phr, my
an gwrug avel ges; as it seems, phr, del hevel; as I
believe, phr, del grysav; as I said to him, phr, del
leveris dhodho.
as...as, mar2avel (with nouns): mar2...del2 (with
verbs); as many as, I prn, myns (also as much as, all
who, whoever); mens (RLC); II adv, kemmys; kebmys
(RLC); kekemmys; kekebmys (RLC); as soon as, adv,
kettel2; as quickly as, adv, kettooth ha; as white as
snow, phr, mar wynn avel an ergh; as simple as it
seemed, phr, mar sempel del hevelis.
as usual, adv phr, herwydh usadow; del yw usys.
ascend, vb, yskynna; skydna (RLC).
ask, vb, govyn; to ask a question of someone, vb phr,
govyn orth nebonan; govena (RLC); ask someone to
do something, vb phr, pysi nebonan a wul neppyth;
peji nebonan a wul neppeth (RLC).
assist, vb, skoodhya.
association, n, kowethas (m or f), kowethasow (pl).
assure, vb, afydhya; surhe.
astray, I adv, yn sowdhan; II vb, (go astray) mos yn
sowdhan; sowdhanas.
astronaut, n, stervarner (m), stervarnoryon (pl);
stervarnores (f), stervarnoresow (pl).
at, prp, (spatial) orth; (with placenames) yn; dhe 2;
(temporal), prp, dhe2; at two in the afternoon, phr,
dhe dhiw eur androweyth.
at all, adv, vytholl; banna; badna (RLC); mann (usually
in negative statements); madn (RLC); it does not
concern me at all, phr, nym deur mann.
at home, adv, tre; yn tre.
at last, adv, wortiwedh, wostiwedh.
at that time, adv, yn tor na.
at this time, adv, yn tor ma.
attach, vb, staga.
attachment (to a document or e-mail), n, stagel (f),
stagellow (pl).
attack, vb, omsettya.
attempt, I n, assay (m), assays (pl); II vb, assaya; saya
(RLC).
attic, n, soler (m), soleryow (pl).
attitude, n, omdhalgh (m), omdhalhow (pl).
audio-visual, adj, klewwelyek.
5

August (month), n, Est (m), mis Est (m).

aunt, n, modrep (f), modrebedh (pl).
author, n, awtour (m), awtours (pl).
autumn, n, kynnyav (m), kynyavow (pl); kydnyadh (m,
RLC); kynyadhow (pl, RLC).
avoid, vb, avoydya; goheles.
await, vb, gwaytyas.
awake, adj, difun; wide awake, phr, pur dhifun.
awaken, vb, difuna.
away, adv, yn kerdh; dhe-ves; ker (RLC); go away! (sg),
phr, ke dhe-ves!
axe, n, bool (f), bolyow (pl).

baseball, n, pel vas (f).

bashful, adj, methus.
basin, n, bason (m), basonys (pl).
basket, n, kanstel (f), kanstellow (pl); basket (m),
baskettys (pl).
basketball, n, pelganstel (f).
bat, n, (animal) askel grohen (f), eskelli krohen (pl),
skelli krohen (pl, RLC); (sporting) bat (m), battow
(pl).
bath, n, kibel (f), kibellow (pl); badh (m).
bathe, vb, golhi; badha.
bathroom, n, stevel omwolhi (f), stevellow omwolhi
(pl).
battery, n, batri (m), batriow (pl).
battle, n, kas (f), kasow (pl).
be, vb, bos.
bead, n, pader (m), paderow (pl).
beach, n, treth (m), trethow (pl).
beak, n, gelvin (m), gelvines (pl).
bean, n, faven (f), fav (coll).
bear, I n, (animal) ors (m), orses (pl); II vb, (endure)
perthi.
beard, n, barv (m), barvow (pl).
beast, n, best (m), bestes (pl).
beat, vb, (strike) dorna; frappya; gweskel; kronkya;
(with a club) fusta; (defeat) fetha.
beautiful, adj, teg.
beautify, vb, tekhe; afina.
beaver, n, lostledan (m), lostledanes (pl).
because, conj, awos; wos; drefen; rag.
bed, n, gweli (m), gweliow (pl).
bedroom, n, chambour (m), chambouryow (pl).
bedsheet, n, lien gweli (m), lienyow gweli (pl).
bee, n, gwenenen (f), gwenen (coll).
beef, n, kig bewin (m); kig bowin (m, RLC).
beggar, n, beggyer (m), beggyers (pl).
beehive, n, kowel gwenen (m), kowellow gwenen (pl).
beer, n, korev (m), kor (m, RLC), korevow (pl).
beetle, n, hwil (m), hwiles (pl).
before, prp, a-dherag, dherag; (in time) kyns; kens
(RLC); before now, phr, kyns es lemmyn, kens es
lebmyn (RLC); before that, phr, kyns ena; kens ena
(RLC).
beforehand, prp, a-dherag.
begin, vb, dalleth.
beginning, n, dalleth (m), dalethow (pl).
behave, vb, fara; to behave oneself, vb, omdhon.
behind, adv & prp, a-dryv; a-drev (RLC); a-dhelergh.
beholden, adj, synsys.
believe, vb, krysi; kreji (RLC).
bell, n, klogh (m), klegh (pl).
bellow, vb, bedhygla.
belong, vb, longya.
below, adv, a-woles.
belt, n, grugys (m), grugysyow (pl).
bench, n, form (m), formow (pl).
bend, vb, plegya.

B, b
baby, n, babi (m), babiow (pl); flogh byhan (m), flehes
vyhan (pl); (baby doll) baban (m), babanes (pl).
back, I adv, arta; tre; II n, keyn (m), keynow (pl); III vb,
skoodhya; back off!, phr, war dha gamm!; war dha
gabm! (RLC)
backpack, n, sagh keyn (m), seghyer keyn (pl).
backwards, adv, war-dhelergh.
bacon, n, backen (m).
bad, adj, drog; a bad deal, n phr, hagervargen (m).
badge, n, arwodhik (m), arwodhigow (pl).
badger, n, brogh (m), brohes (pl).
badminton, n, badminton (m).
bag, n, sagh (m), seghyer (pl), syher (pl, RLC).
bait, n, treustrum (m).
baker, n, peber (m), peboryon (pl); bakers shop, n,
popti (m), poptiow (pl); to bake, vb, pobas.
bald, adj, mool.
bale, n, pusorn (m), pusornow (pl); to bale (e.g. hay),
vb, pusornas.
ball, n, pel (f), pelyow (pl).
ballpoint pen, n, pluven belvleyn (f), pluvennow
pelvleyn (pl), pluvednow pelvleyn (pl, RLC).
balloon, n, pel ayr (f), pelyow ayr (pl).
banana, n, banana (m), bananas (pl).
band, n, band (m), bandow (pl); group, n, bagas (m),
bagasow (pl), bagajow (pl, RLC).
bandage, n, lysten (f), lystennow (pl), lystednow (pl,
RLC).
bang, n, (explosion) tardh (m), tardhow (pl); (knock)
bonk (m), bonkys (pl).
bank, n, (money) arhanti (m), arhantiow (pl); (river
bank) n, glann (f), glannow (pl); gladn (f, RLC),
gladnow (pl, RLC); (topography) n, banken (f),
bankennow (pl), bankednow (pl, RLC).
bard, n, bardh (m), berdh (pl); bardhes (f), bardhesow
(pl).
bargain, I n, bargen (m), bargennyow (pl), bargednyow
(pl, RLC); bargenys (pl); II vb, bargynnya; bargydnya
(RLC).
barge, n, skath hir (f), skathow hir (pl).
barn, n, skiber (f), skiberyow (pl).
barrel, n, balyer (m), balyeryow (pl).
6

bent, adj, kamm; kabm (RLC).

beside, prp, ryb; reb (RLC).
best, sup, (an) gwella.
bet, I n, kenwostel (m), kenwostlow (pl); II vb,
kenwostla.
betray, vb, trayta.
better, cmp, gwella.
between, prp, yntra (before consonants), ynter (before
vowels); tredh (RLC).
beyond, prp, dres.
Bible, n, Bibel (m).
bicycle, n, diwros (f), diwrosow (pl).
big, adj, bras; broas (RLC); big dipper (fairground), n,
sedher meur (m), sedhoryon meur (pl); big wheel
(fairground), n, ros veur (f), rosow meur (pl).
bigot, n, den ragvreusek (m), tus ragvreusek (pl).
bill, n, reken (m), reknow (pl).
bird, n, edhen (f), ydhyn (pl); edhnow (pl, RLC).
birthday, n, penn bloodh (m), pennow bloodh (pl);
pedn bloodh (m, RLC), pednow bloodh (pl, RLC);
birthday cake, n, tesen benn bloodh (f), tesennow
penn bloodh (pl); tesen bedn bloodh (f), tesednow
pedn bloodh (pl, RLC); birthday card, n, karten benn
bloodh (f), kartennow penn bloodh (pl); karten
bedn bloodh (f, RLC), kartednow pedn bloodh (pl,
RLC).
biscuit, n, tesen gales (f), tesennow kales (pl),
tesednow kales (pl, RLC).
bison, n, bual (m), bualyon (pl).
bit, n, (morsel) tamm (m), temmyn (pl); tabm (m, RLC),
tebmyn (pl, RLC); darn (m), darnow (pl); (computer)
byt (m), byttys (pl); bit by bit, phr, tamm ha tamm;
tabm ha tabm (RLC).
bitch, n, gast (f), gesti (pl); son-of-a-bitch, n, horsen
(m), horsens (pl).
bite, I n, brath (m), brathow (pl); II vb, bratha.
black, adj, du.
blackberry, n, moren dhu (f), mor du (coll).
blackthorn, n, spernen dhu (f), spern du (coll).
blame, vb, blamya; kabla.
blessed, adj, benygys; gwynn; gwydn (RLC); gwynnvys.
blind, I adj, dall; blind mans buff, phr, margh dall; II vb,
dalla; III (blackout blind), n, lenn dhu (f), lennow du
(pl); ledn dhu (f, RLC), lednow du (pl, RLC).
bliss, n, lowena (f).
blood, n, goos (m); hardened blood, n, mol (m),
molyow (pl).
blood-red, adj, kogh.
blouse, n, hevis (m), hevisyow (pl).
blow, I (hit), n, bomm (m), bommyn (pl); crushing
blow, n, skat (m); II (air) vb, hwytha.
blue, adj, glas; blou.
blunt, adj, sogh.
board, n (wooden b.), n, bord (m), bordow (pl);
(committee), n, kesva (f), kesvaow (pl).
boat, n, skath (f), skathow (pl).
body, n, korf (m), korfow (pl); front of body, n, greuv

(m).
bog, n, keunegen, (f), keunegennow (pl), keunegednow
(pl, RLC), keunegi (coll).
boil, vb, bryjyon; boiled, adj, bryjys; boiled egg, n, oy
bryjys (m), oyow bryjys (pl).
bolt, n, (fastening) ebil (m), ebilyow (pl); iron bolt, n,
ebil horn (m), ebilyow horn (pl).
bone, n, askorn (m), eskern (pl).
bonfire, n, tanses (m), tanjes (m, RLC), tansesyow (pl);
tanjesow (pl, RLC).
bonnet, n, kogh (m), kohow (pl).
book, n, lyver (m), lyvrow; lever (m, RLC), levrow (pl,
RLC); bookcase, n, argh lyvrow (f), arhow lyvrow
(pl); argh levrow (pl, RLC), arhow levrow (pl, RLC).
booklet, n, lyvrik (m), lyvrigow (pl); levren (f, RLC),
levrennow (pl, RLC).
bookshop, n, lyverji (m), lyverjiow (pl); shoppa levrow
(m, RLC), shoppys levrow (pl, RLC).
boot, n, (car) trog (m), trogow (pl); (footwear) botasen
(f), botas (coll).
border, n, amal (m), emlow (pl).
bore (a hole), vb phr, telli.
bored, adj, skwithys.
boring (wearying), adj, skwithus.
born, adj, genys.
bother, vb, ankombra, trobla.
bottle, n, botel (m), botellow (pl).
bottom, n, (not top) goles (m), golesow (pl); (body)
pedren (f), pedrennow (pl), pedrednow (pl, RLC),
diwbedren (dl).
bow, I n, (arc) gwarek (m), gwaregow (pl); (gesture)
omblegyans (m), omblegyansow (pl); (ship) penn arag (m), pennow a-rag (pl); pedn a-rag (m, RLC),
pednow a-rag (pl, RLC); II vb, omblegya.
bowl, n, bolla (m), bollow (pl), bollys (pl); skudel (f),
skudellow (pl).
box, n, kist (f), kistyow (pl); boks (m), boksys (pl);
small box, n, kisten (f), kistennow (pl), kistednow
(pl, RLC).
Boxing Day, n, Dygol Stefan (m); Degol Stefan (m,
RLC).
boy, n, maw (m), mebyon (pl).
bracelet, n, brehellik (m), breheligow (pl).
bracket, n, korbel (m), korblys (pl).
bramble, n, dreysen (f), dreys (coll).
branch, n, skorren (f), skorr (coll); skorr (m), skorrow
(pl).
brass, n, brest (m).
bread, n, bara (m).
break, I vb, terri.
breakdown, n, mooth (m), mothow (pl); torrva (f),
torrvaow (pl); breakdown lorry, n, kert torrva (m),
kertow torrva (pl).
breakfast, n, hansel (m), hanselyow (pl).
breakneck, adj phr, krackya konna; krackya kodna
(RLC).
breast (of body), n, bronn (f), bronnow (pl), diwvron
7

(dl); brodn (f, RLC), brodnow (pl, RLC), devron (dl,

RLC).
breath, n, anal (f).
breeze, n, awel glor (f).
Breton, I adj, bretonek; II n, (person) Breton (m),
Bretonyon (pl); Bretones (f), Bretonesow (pl);
(language) Bretonek (m).
brew, vb, braga.
brewed, adj, bregys.
briar, n, spedhasen (f), spedhas (coll).
brick, n, bryck (m), bryckow (pl), bryckys (pl).
bride, n, benyn bries (f), benenes pries (pl).
bridegroom, n, gour pries (m), gwer bries (pl).
bridesmaid, n, moren bries (f), morenyon pries (pl).
bridge, n, pons (m), ponsyow (pl).
bright, adj, splann; spladn (RLC).
brine, n, brin (m), brinyow (pl).
bring, vb, dri; drei (RLC).
Britain, n, Breten (f).
Brittany, n, Breten Vyhan (f); Breten Vian (f, RLC).
broad, adj, efan; ledan.
broccoli, n, broklo (m), broklos (pl); kowlvleujen (f),
kowlvleujennow (pl), kowlvleujednow (pl, RLC).
broken, adj, terrys
bronze, n, brons (m).
broom, n, skubel (f), skubellow (pl); (small brush or
mop), n, skubyllen (f), skubylennow (pl),
skubylednow (pl, RLC); (plant) banadhlen (f),
banadhel (coll).
brook, n, gover (m), goverow (pl).
brother, n, broder (m), breder (pl).
brotherhood, n, brederedh (m).
brow (forehead), n, tal (m), talyow (pl); toal (m, RLC),
toalyow (pl, RLC).
brown, adj, (light brown) gell; (dark brown) gorm.
browse (the internet), vb, peuri; pori (RLC).
browser (internet), n, peurel (f), peurellow (pl); porel
(f, RLC), porellow (pl, RLC).
brush, n, skubel (f), skubellow (pl); (of an artist) pyncel
(m), pyncels (pl).
bucket, n, kelorn (m), kelern (pl).
buckle, I n, bockyl (m), bocklow (pl), bocklys (pl); II vb,
bockla.
budgerigar, n, budji (m), budjies (pl).
buffer (train), n, bommel (f), bomellow (pl).
build, vb, drehevel; derevel (RLC).
building, n, drehevyans (m), drehevyansow (pl).
bulb (light), n, bollen (f), bolennow (pl), bolednow (pl,
RLC).
bull, n, tarow (m), terewi (pl).
bullock, n, lodhen (m), lodhnow (pl); lodn (m, RLC),
lodnow (pl, RLC).
bun, n, torthel (f), torthellow (pl).
bunch, n, bagas (m), bagasow (pl), bagajow (pl, RLC).
bundle, n, pusorn (m), pusornow (pl); gronn (m);
grodn (m, RLC).
buoy, n, morverk (m), morverkow (pl), morverkys (pl).

burden, I n, begh (m), behow (pl); karg (m), kargow

(pl); sawgh (m), sawghow (pl); II vb, beghya.
bureau, n, burow (m), burowyow (pl).
burly, n, keherek.
burn, vb, leski.
burrow, n, toll (m), tell (pl); rabbit burrow, n, toll
konin (m), tell konin (pl).
bus, n, kyttrin (m), kyttrinyow (pl); bus driver, n,
lewyer kyttrin (m), lewyoryon gyttrin (pl); bus
station, n, gorsav kyttrin (m), gorsavow kyttrin
(pl); bus stop, n, kyttrinva (f), kyttrinvaow (pl);
savla kyttrin (m), savleow kyttrin (pl).
bush, n, prysken (f), prysk (coll).
business, n, negys (m), negysyow (pl).
busy, adj, bysi.
but, conj, mes; saw; lemen.
butcher, n, kiger (m), kigoryon (pl); butchers shop, n,
kigti (m), kigtiow (pl).
butter, n, amanyn (m); manyn (m, RLC).
butterfly, n, tykki Duw (m), tykkiow Duw (pl), tykki
Duwes (pl).
buttock, n, pedren (f), pedrennow (pl), pedrednow (pl,
RLC), diwbedren (dl).
button, n, boton (m), botonyow (pl), botons (pl, RLC);
button hole, n, toll boton (m), tell boton (pl).
buy, vb, prena.
buzz, vb, sia; buzz off!, phr, ke war dha gamm!; ke war
dha gabm! (RLC)
by, prp, (done by) gans; gen (RLC); (until), prp, bys;
erbynn; erbydn (RLC); by Christmas, phr, erbynn
Nadelik
byte, n, bayt (m), baytys (pl).

C, c
cabbage, n, kowlen (f), kowl (coll); kavach (m), kavajys
(pl).
caf, n, koffiji (m), koffijiow (pl).
cage, n, kowel (m), kowellow (pl).
cairn, n, karnedh (m), karnedhow (pl).
cake, n, tesen (f), tesennow (pl), tesednow (pl, RLC).
calendar, n, lyver dedhyow (m), lyvrow dedhyow (pl);
lever dedhyow (m, RLC), levrow dedhyow (pl, RLC).
calf, n, (young animal), n, leugh (m), leuhi (pl) {RLC
pronunciation: [lwh]}; (of leg) berr (f), berrow (pl);
garren (f), garennow (pl), garednow (pl, RLC).
call, vb, gelwel.
calm, adj, kosel.
camel, n, kowrvargh (m), kowrvergh (pl).
camera, n, kamera (m), kameras (pl); jynn skeusen
(m), jynnow skeusen (pl).
camp, I n, kamp (m), kampow (pl); II vb, kampya.
can, I n, (container) kanna (m), kannow (pl), kannys
(pl); II (be able to) vb, gallos.
canal, n, dowrgleudh (m), dowrgleudhyow (pl).
canary, n, kanari (m), kanaries (pl).

candle, n, kantol (f), kantolyow (pl); candle-stick, n,

kantolbren
(m),
kantolbrennyer
(pl),
kantolbrednyer (pl, RLC).
candy floss, n, komolen sugra (f); blew sugra (coll).
cannon, n, kanon (m), kanonyow (pl).
canoe, n, kanou (m), kanouyow (pl).
cap, n, kappa (m), kappow (pl), kappys (pl).
captain, n, kapten (m), kaptenow (pl), kaptens (pl).
car, n, karr (m), kerri (pl); car park, n, park kerri (m),
parkow kerri (pl); car wash, n, golghva gerri (f),
golghvaow kerri (pl); police car, n, karr kreslu (m),
kerri kreslu (pl).
caravan, n, karavan (m), karavans (pl).
card, n, karten (f), kartennow (pl), kartednow (pl,
RLC); credit card, n, karten gresys (f), kartennow
kresys (pl), kartednow kresys (pl, RLC); cash card, n,
karten vona (f), kartennow mona (pl), kartednow
vona (pl, RLC).
cardigan, n, kardigan (m), kardiganow (pl).
cargo, n, karg (m), kargow (pl).
carnal, adj, karnal.
carpenter, n, ser prenn (m), seri brenn (pl); ser predn
(m, RLC), seri bredn (pl, RLC).
carpet, n, leurlen (f), leurlennow (pl), leurlednow (pl,
RLC).
carriage, n, kocha (m), kochys (pl).
carrot, n, karetysen (f), karetys (coll).
carry, vb, don.
cart, n, kert (m), kertow (pl), kertys (pl).
case, n, (box) trog (m), trogow (pl); (circumstance) kas
(m); in case, conj, rag own; rag dout; les (RLC).
cash, n, mona (coll).
cassette tape, n, songist (f), songistyow (pl).
castle, n, kastel (m), kastylli (pl).
cat, n, kath (f), kathes (pl).
catch, vb, kachya.
category, n, klass (m), klassys (pl).
caterpillar, n, pryv del (m), prev del (m, RLC), preves
del (pl).
cathedral, n, penneglos (f), penneglosyow (pl); eglos
teg (f, RLC), eglosyow teg (pl, RLC).
cattle, coll n, buhes (f pl); (horned cattle) gwarthek
(coll).
cauldron, n, kawdarn (m), kawdarns (pl); chek (m),
chekys (pl).
cauliflower, n, kowlvleujen (f), kowlvleujennow (pl),
kowlvleujednow (pl, RLC).
cause, I n, acheson (m), achesonyow (pl); skila (f),
skilys (pl); to be the cause of, vb phr, skila; II vb,
kawsya; to cause to, vb, gul dhe.
cautious, adj, war.
CD, n, plasen arhansek (f), plasennow arhansek (pl),
plasednow arhansek (pl, RLC); cidi (m), cidis (pl);
abbr, CD.
cease, vb, hedhi; astel; cessya; difygya.
ceiling, n, nen (m), nenyow (pl).
celery, n, kegisen hweg (f), kegis hweg (coll).

cell, n, bagh (f), bahow (pl).

cellar, n, dorgel (f), dorgellow (pl); celder (m), celders
(pl).
Celt, n, Kelt (m), Keltyon (pl).
Celtic, adj, keltek.
centimetre, n, centimeter (m), centimetrow (pl).
central, adj, kres.
centre, n, (middle) kres (m); (building) kresen (f),
kresennow (pl); kresednow (pl, RLC); (rugby player)
kreswas (m), kreswesyon (pl).
century, n, kansvledhen (f), kansvledhynnyow (pl),
kansvledhydnyow (pl, RLC).
certain, I adj, (certain) certan; diogel; II prn, (a certain
one) unn.
certainly, adv, devri; yn tevri; yn certan; sur; surredi;
yn surredi.
chair, n, kador (f), kadoryow (pl).
chairlift, n, kador yskyn (f), kadoryow yskyn (pl).
chalet, n, krow prenn (m), krowyow prenn (pl); krow
predn (m, RLC), krowyow predn (pl, RLC).
chalk, n, krey (m).
chance, n, chons (m), chonsyow (pl); feus (f); hap (m),
happys (pl): by chance, phr, dre hap.
chandler, n, gwikor (m), gwikoryon (pl).
changing room, n, gwiskva (f), gwiskvaow (pl).
chaos, n, deray (m), derays (pl).
chap (male person), n, gwas (m), gwesyon (pl); polat
(m), polatys (pl).
chapel, n, chapel (m), chapelyow (pl).
charity, n, (virtue) cherita (m); kerensa (f), kerenja (f,
RLC); (body) aluseneth (f), alusenethow (pl).
chart, n, tresen (f), tresennow (pl), tresednow (pl,
RLC).
chase, vb, chassya.
chatter, vb, klappya.
cheat, vb, tolla.
cheek (face), n, bogh (f), bohow (pl), diwvogh (dl).
cheese, n, keus (m), keusyow (pl).
check-out, n, rekenva (f), rekenvaow (pl).
chef, n, keginer (m), keginoryon (pl); keginores (f),
keginoresow (pl).
cherry, n, keresen (f), keres (coll).
chess, n, gwydhbol (m).
chest, n, (body) brest (m); (container) argh (f), arhow
(pl); kofer (m), kofrow (pl); (chest of drawers) argh
dhillas (f), arhow dillas (pl); (money box) argh vona
(f), arhow mona (pl).
chestnut, n, kestenen (f), kesten (coll).
chew, vb, knias; chew the cud, vb phr, dasknias.
chick, n, mabyar (f), mabyer (pl).
chicken, n, yar (f), yer (pl); chicken meat, n, kig yar
(m), kigyow yar (pl); chicken shed, n, krow yer (m),
krowyow yer (pl).
child, n, flogh (m), flehes (pl).
chimney, n, chymbla (m), chimblys (pl).
chin, n, elgeth (f), elgethyow (pl).
chip, n, asklosen (f), asklos (coll); skobm (m, RLC),
9

skobmow (pl, RCL); chip shop, n, asklotti (m),

asklottiow (pl).
chip, vb, asklosi.
chocolate, n, choklet (m).
choir, n, keur (m), keuryow (pl).
compatible, adj, kesplegadow.
choose, vb, dewis.
chop, vb, divyn; nadha.
chopstick, n, gwelennik (f), gwelednik (f, RLC),
gwelenigow (pl).
chough, n, palores (f), paloresow (pl).
Christmas, n, Nadelik (m); Christmas Day, n, Dydh
Nadelik; Christmas tree, gwedhen Nadelik (f),
gwydh Nadelik (coll), gwedh Nadelik (coll, RLC).
church, n, eglos (f), eglosyow (pl).
cider, n, cider (m).
cinema, n, cinema (m), cinemas (pl).
circle, n, kylgh (m), kylghyow (pl).
circumference, n, kompas (m).
circus, n, cirk (m), cirkow (pl)
city, n, cita (f), citys (pl); capital city, n, penncita (f),
penncitys (pl); pedncita (f, RLC), pedncitys (pl, RLC).
clamour, n, hobadolya (m), hobadolyas (pl); tros (m),
trosyow (pl).
clap, vb, tackya; clap ones hands, vb phr, tackya
diwleuv.
class, n, klass (m), klassys (pl).
claw, I n, ewin (m), ewines (pl); kraban (m), krabanow
(pl); (of crab) paw (m), pawyow (pl); II vb, kravas;
skravinyas.
clay, n, pri (m), prei (m, RLC); clay pit, n, poll pri (m).
clean, I adj, glan; II vb, glanhe.
clear, adj, kler; (transparent) ylyn; elyn (RLC).
clearly, adv, yn kler.
clever, adj, skentel.
cliff, n, als (f), alsyow (pl), aljyow (pl, RLC).
climate, n, hin (f).
climb, vb, yskynna; ascendya; krambla (RCL).
cloak, n, klok (m), klokys (pl).
clock, n, klock (m), klockow (pl), klockys (pl).
close, I adj, ogas; klos; come close!, phr, deus nes!; II vb,
(shut) degea; (approach) neshe.
closed, adj, deges.
closely, adv, yn ogas; klos.
cloth, n, kweth (f), kwethow (pl).
clothe, vb, gwiska; to clothe oneself, vb phr, omwiska.
clothes, n, dilasen (f), dillas (coll).
cloud, n, kloud (m), kloudys (pl); komolen (f), kommol
(coll), kobmol (coll, RLC); thunder cloud, n phr,
poster (m), posterow (pl).
cloudy, adj, komolek.
clown, n, lorden (m), lordenyon (pl).
coal, n, glow (m).
coast, n, arvor (m), arvoryow (pl).
coat, n, kota (m), kotow (pl), kotys (pl).
cobweb, n, gwias kevnis (m), gwiasow kevnis (pl).
cockerel, n, kulyek (m), kulyogyon (pl).

cod, n, barvus (m), barvusi (pl), barvuji (pl, RLC).

coffee, n, koffi (m); instant coffee, n, koffi desempis
(m).
coil, I vb, terhi; II n, torgh (f), tergh (pl).
coin, n, bath (m), bathow (pl).
cold, I n, (temperature) yeynder (m); (illness) anwos
(m); II adj, yeyn; bitterly cold, adj, or; to catch cold,
vb phr, anwosi; I have a cold, phr, yma anwos
dhymm; ma anwos dhybm (RLC).
collect, vb, kuntel.
college, n, kolji (m), koljiow (pl).
colour, n, liw (m), liwyow (pl).
comb, I n, krib (f), kribow (pl); II vb, kribas.
come, vb, dos.
comedian, n, gesyer (m), gesyoryon (pl).
comfortable, adj, attes; make yourselves comfortable!,
phr, omjersyewgh!
comic, I adj, hwarthus; II n, (paper) komik (m),
komigow (pl).
command, I n, arhadow (m), arhadowyow (m); II vb,
erhi.
common, adj, kemmyn; kebmyn (RLC).
companion, n, koweth (m), kowetha (pl); kowethes (f),
kowethesow (pl).
company, n, kowethyans (m).
compare, vb, keheveli.
compass
(magnetic),
n,
mornaswydh
(f),
mornaswydhow (pl); mornajedh (f, RLC),
mornajedhow (pl, RLC).
compel, vb, kompella.
complete, I adj, dien; II vb, kowlwul.
completely, adv, yn tien; kwit.
compromise, n, kesassoylyans (m), kesassoylyansow
(pl).
computer, n, jynn amontya (m), jynnow amontya (pl),
jynnys amontya (pl).
comrade, n, kothman (m), kothmans (pl); koweth (m),
kowetha (pl).
conceal, vb, kudha; keles.
conceive (a child), vb, omdhon.
concern, n, bern (m); it is of no concern, phr, ny vern;
it does not concern me, phr, nym deur mann.
concerning, prp, yn kever (used with possess.
adjectives); a-dro dhe2; dro dhe2 (RLC).
concert (performance), n, (vocal) keskan (f), keskanow
(pl); (instrumental) kesilow (f), kesilowyow (pl).
cone, n, pigorn (m), pigern (pl).
confection, n, kyfeyth (m), kyfeythyow (pl).
confess, vb, avowa; meneges.
confession, n, avowans (m), avowansow (pl).
consecrate, vb, sakra.
consider, vb, prederi.
console, n, konsolen (f), konsolennow (pl),
konsolednow (pl, RLC); video game console, n,
konsolen gwariow gwydhyow (f).
constitution, n, korf laha (m).
continuation, n, pesyans (m), pesyansow (pl); pejyans
10

(m, RLC), pejyansow (pl, RLC).

continue, vb, pesya; pejya (RLC).
control, vb, rewlya; rowlya (RLC); routya; control
tower, n, tour routya (m), touryow routya (pl).
converse (speech), vb, keskewsel; keskowsel (RLC);
klappya.
conversation, n, keskows (m), keskowsow (pl).
conversion, n, treylyans (m), treylyansow (pl).
convert, vb, treylya.
cook, I vb, kegi; pareusi; paruji (RLC); II n, kog (m),
kogow (pl); koges (f), kogesow (pl).
cooker, n, kogforn (f), kogfornow (pl).
co-operate, vb, kesoberi.
copper, n, kober (m).
cord, n, korden (f), kerdyn (pl).
corn (cereal) n, ysen (f), ys (coll), ysow (pl); abounding
in corn, adj, ysek.
Cornish, adj, kernewek; kernowek (RLC); Cornish
language, n, Kernewek; Kernowek (RLC); Cornish
speaker, n, Kerneweger (m), Kernewegoryon (pl);
Kernewegores
(f),
Kernewegoresow
(pl);
Kernoweger (m, RLC), Kernowegoryon (pl, RLC);
Cornishman, n, Kernow (m), Kernowyon (pl);
Cornish woman, n, Kernewes (f), Kernewesow (pl).
Cornwall, n, Kernow.
correct, I adj, ewn; own (RLC); II vb, ewna; owna (RLC).
corrupt, I adj, podrek; II vb, pedri.
cost, n, kost (m), kostys (pl)
cottage, n, krowji (m), krowjiow (pl); small cottage, n,
dyji (m), dyjiow (pl).
cotton wool, coll, gwlan koton.
cough, I n, pas (m), pasow (pl); II vb, pasa.
council, n, konsel (m), konsels (pl); Cornwall Council, n
phr, Konsel Kernow.
counsel, n, kussul (f), kussulyow (pl).
count, vb, amontya.
counterfeit, I adj, fug; II vb, fugya.
country, n, bro (f), broyow (pl); mother country,
motherland, n, mammvro (f), mammvroyow (pl);
pow (m), powyow (pl); gwlas (f), gwlasow (pl);
pertaining to a country, adj, gwlasek; open country,
n, mes (m), mesyow (pl).
county, n, konteth (f), kontethow (pl).
course, n, (study) steus (f), steusow (pl); (direction)
hyns (m), hynsow (pl); resegva (f), resegvaow (pl);
(meal) sand (m), sandys (pl).
court, n, (residence) lys (m), lysow (pl); (court of law)
breuslys (m), breuslysow (pl).
courtyard, n, garth (m), garthow (pl).
cousin, n, kenderow (m), kenderwi (pl); keniterow (f),
keniterwi (pl).
cove, n, porth (m), porthow (pl).
cover, I n, gorher (m), gorheryow (pl); book cover, n,
aden (f), adenyow (pl); kudhlen (f); II vb, gorheri;
lenni.
cow, n, bugh (f), buhes (pl). {RLC pronunciation: [bwh].}
cowboy, n, bughwas (m), bughwesyon (pl).

cowshed, n, bowji (m), bowjiow (pl).

crab, n, kanker (m), kankres (pl).
crab-apple tree, n, gwedhen krabbys (f), gwydh
krabbys (coll); gwedh krabbys (coll, RLC).
crack, vb, krackya.
cradle, n, kawel lesk (m), kawellow lesk (pl).
crane, n, garan (f), garanes (pl).
cranefly, n, kelyonen aran (f), kelyon garan (coll).
crawfish, n, gaver (f), gever (pl); gryll (m), gryllys (pl).
crawl, vb, pedrevanas.
crayon, n, kreyon (m), kreyonyow (pl).
cream, n, dehen (m), dehennow (pl), dehednow (pl,
RLC); cream cake, n, tesen dhehen (f), tesennow
dehen (pl), tesednow dehen (pl, RLC); sun cream, n,
dehen howl (m), dehennow howl (pl), dehednow
howl (pl, RLC).
create, vb, gwruthyl {= alternative VN to gul}.
creator, n, gwrier (m), gwrioryon (pl); kreador (m),
kreadors (pl); furvyer (m), furvyoryon (pl).
creature, n, kroadur (m); kreatur (m).
creek, n, heylyn (m), heylynnow (pl), heylydnow (pl,
RLC).
creepycrawly, n, pryv (m), preves (pl), prevyon (pl);
prev (m, RLC), preves (pl, RLC) {Note: Applied
indiscriminately to worms, caterpillars, bugs etc.}.
croak, I adj, ronk; II n, ronk (m); III vb, renki.
crescent, n, krommen (f), kromennow (pl); krobmen (f,
RLC), kromednow (pl, RLC); (street signage) gwarak
(f), gwaregow (pl).
cricket, n, (sport) krycket (m); (insect) gryll (m),
grylles (pl).
crime, n, drogober (m), drogoberow (pl); galweyth (m),
galweythyow (pl).
critic, n, barner (m), barnoryon (pl); theatre critic, n,
barner gwariva (m).
criticise, vb, arvreusi; krytikya.
crisp, I adj, kras; II n, (snack) kresik (m), kresigow (pl).
crocodile, n, krokodil (m), krokodiles (pl).
crop, I n, (birds crop) kroth (f); (harvest) trevas (f); II
vb, (harvest) trevasa; (cut short) dibenna.
cross, I n, krows (f), krowsyow (pl); II vb, treusi;
tremena (RLC).
crossing place, n, treusva (f), treusvaow (pl); level
crossing, phr, treusva hyns horn.
crow, n, bran (f), brini (pl).
crowd, n, bosh (m), boshys (pl); routh (f), routhow (pl).
crown (royal), n, kurun (f), kurunyow (pl).
crumb, n, (of bread) hwigen (f); (general) browsyonen
(f), browsyon (coll).
crumble, vb, brewi; browi (RLC); browsi; crumbled
material, groundbait, phr, brows (coll).
crustacean, n, krestennek (m), krestednek (m, RLC),
krestenogyon (pl).
crutch, n, kroch (m), krochow (pl), krochys (pl),
dewgroch (dl).
cry, I n, kri (m), kriow (pl); krei (m, RLC); II vb, kria;
kreia (RLC); ola.
11

cub, n, kolyn (m), kelyn (pl); fox cub, n, lowarnik (m),

lewernigow (pl); lion cub, n, lewik (m), lewigow (pl).
cube, n, kub (m), kubow (pl).
cubit, n, kevelin (m), kevelinyow (pl).
cuckoo, n, kog (f), koges (pl); koukou (f), koukous (pl).
cucumber, n, kukomber (m), kukomberyow (pl).
cultivate (land), vb, gonis.
cup, n, hanaf (m), hanafow (pl); hanath (m, RLC),
hanathow (pl, RLC).
cupboard, n, amari (f), amaris (pl); ambri (f, RLC),
ambris (pl, RLC).
cupful, n, hanafas (m), hanafasow (pl); hanathas (pl,
RLC), hanathasow (pl, RLC).
curlew, n, gelvinek (m), gelvinogyon (pl), gelvinoges
(pl).
curse, I n, molleth (f), molothow (pl); II vb, molethi.
curtain, n, kroglen (f), kroglennow (pl), kroglednow
(pl, RLC).
curve, I adj, kromm; krobm (RLC); II n, gwarr (f),
gwarrow (pl); krommen (f); krobmen (f, RLC); III vb,
kamma; kabma (RLC).
cushion, n, pluvek (f), pluvogow (pl).
cut, I adj, trogh; trehys; II n, trogh (m), trohow (pl); cut
of meat, n, tregh (m), trehow (pl); III vb, trehi.
cycle, I n, tro (f), troyow (pl); II (to ride a cycle) vb,
diwrosa.

hweg; dear George, phr, Jori hweg; Jori ker.

death, n, mernans (m).
December, n, Kevardhu (m); mis Kevardhu (m).
deceive, vb, tolla.
decide, vb, ervira.
deck chair, n, kador dreth (f), kadoryow treth (pl).
declaration, n, diskleryans (m), diskleryansow (pl);
deklaracyon (m), deklaracyons (pl).
decorate, vb, afina; tekhe.
deed, n, (action) gwrians (m), gwriansow (pl); (legal
document) chartour (m), chartours (pl).
deep, adj, down.
degree, n, (angle or temperature) gradh (m), gradhow
(pl); (rank) degre (m), degrys (pl).
delinquent, n, drogwas (m), drogwesyon (pl).
deliver, vb, delivra.
deliverance, n, delivrans (m), delivransow (pl).
delude, vb, tolla; flattra.
demand, I n, gorholedh (m); II vb, dervyn.
dentist, n, medhek dens (m), medhygyon dhens (pl);
medhoges dhens (f), medhogesowdens (pl).
deny, vb, naha.
depart, vb, diberth.
depth, n, downder (m), downderyow (pl).
derange, vb, varya.
deranged, adj, varyes.
descend, vb, diyskynna; deskydnya (RLC).
desert, n, difeythtir (m), difeythtiryow (pl).
deserve, vb, dendil; deservya.
deservedly, adv, kwit.
desire, I (need) n, hwans (m), hwansow (pl); II vb,
hwansa.
desirous, adj, hwansek.
desk, n, desk (m), deskow (pl), deskys (pl).
destroy, vb, distrui.
destruction, n, distruyans (m), distruyansow (pl).
detergent, n, lin sebon (m), linyow sebon (pl).
devil, n, dyowl (m), dyowlow (pl); the Devil, n, an Jowl
(m); by the Devil, phr, ren Jowl.
Devon, n, Dewnens (m); Pow Densher (m).
dew, n, gluth (m).
diary, n, dydhlyver (m), dydhlyvrow (pl); dedhlever
(m, RLC), dedhlevrow (pl, RLC).
diamond, n, adamant (m), adamantow (pl), adamantys
(pl).
dice, n, dis (m), disyow (pl).
dictionary, n, gerlyver (m), gerlyvrow (pl); gerlever
(m, RLC), gerlevrow (pl, RLC).
divorce, I n, didhemedhyans (m), didhemedhyansow
(pl); II vb, didhemedhi.
divorced, adj, didhemedhys.
die, vb, merwel.
different, adj, ken; dihaval; dyffrans; different from,
adj phr, dihaval dhyworth.
difficult, adj, kales.
difficulty, n, kaletter (m).
dig, vb, palas.

D, d
daddy, n, tas (m); tasik (m).
dairy, n, leti (m), letiow (pl); dairy produce, n, askor
lethek (m).
dale (valley), n, nans (m), nansow (pl).
damage, n, damach (m), damajys (pl).
damaged, adj, shyndys.
damn, vb, dampnya.
dance, I n, dons (m), donsyow (pl); II vb, donsya.
dancer, n, donsyer (m), donsoryon (pl); donsyores (f),
donsyoresow (pl).
danger, n, peryl (m), peryllyow (pl).
dangerous, adj, peryllus; diantel.
dark, adj, tewal.
darken, vb, tewlhe.
darkness, n, tewlder (m).
date, n, dydh (m), dedh (m, RLC), dedhyow (pl);
(specific date) dedhyas (m), dedhyasow (pl).
daughter, n, myrgh (f), myrhes (pl); mergh (f, RLC),
merhes (pl, RLC).
day, n, dydh (m), dedh (m, RLC), dedhyow (pl); jorna
(m), jorneow (pl); day before yesterday, n,
dygynsete; degensete (RLC); day after tomorrow,
n, trenja.
dead, adj, marow.
deaf, adj, bodhar; to become deaf, vb phr, bodhara; deaf
person, n, bodharek (m), bodharogyon (pl).
deafen, vb, bodharhe.
dear, adj, kuv; ker; (expensive) kostek; (in letters) ker;
12

digger (machine), n, jynn palas (m), jynnow palas (pl),

jynnys palas (pl, RLC).
digit, n, bys (m), besies (pl).
digital, adj, bysyel.
diligence, n, diwysygneth (f).
diligent, adj, diwysyk.
dine, vb, kinyewel; dining room, n, stevel dhybri (f),
stevellow dybri (pl); stevel dhebri (f, RLC), stevellow
debri (pl, RLC); dining car (train), n, kocha dybri
(m), kochow dybri (pl); kocha debri (m, RLC),
kochow debri (pl, RLC).
dinner, n, kinnyow (m), kidnyow (m, RLC), kinyewow
(pl); late dinner, n, kon (f), konyow; to eat late
dinner, vb, kona.
dinosaur, n, arghpedrevan (m), arghpedrevanes (pl).
direction, n, tu (m), tuhow (pl).
dirt, n, mostedhes (m).
dirty, adj, plos; to make dirty, vb, mostya.
disabled, adj, evredhek; disabled person, n phr, evredh
(m), evredhyon (pl); evredhes (f), evredhesow (pl).
disc (record), n, plasen (f), plasennow (pl), plasednow
(pl, RLC); compact disc (CD), n, plasen arhansek (f),
plasennow arhansek (pl), plasednow arhansek (pl,
RLC); cidi (m), cidis (pl); abbr, CD (m), CDs (pl).
discount, I n, diskont (m), diskontow (pl); II vb,
diskontya.
discuss, vb, (have a discussion) omgussulya;
omgussulya a-dro dhen mater, phr, to have a
discussion about the issue; (discuss sth.) dadhla.
disguise, I n, tollwisk (m); II vb, tollwiska.
dishes, pl n, lestri (mpl); to wash the dishes, phr, golhi
an lestri.
dispatch, vb, danvon; danon (RLC).
displeased, adj, drog pes.
dishonour, I n, disenor (m); II vb, disenora.
distance, I n, pelder (m), pelderyow (pl); a short
distance, n phr, pols (m), polsyow (pl); II to distance
oneself, to withdraw, vb, ombellhe, avoydya.
distant, adj, pell.
distinct, adj, diblans.
district, n, ranndir (m), ranndiryow (pl).
disturb, vb, ankresya.
disturbance, n, ankresyans (m), ankresyansow (pl).
ditch, n, kleudh, (m), kleudhyow (pl).
dive, vb, sedhi.
diver, n, sedher (m), sedhoryon (pl); deep-sea diver,
frogman, n, sedher downvor (m), sedhoryon
dhownvor (pl).
divide, vb, ranna; radna (RLC); divided by, vb phr,
rynnys gans; rydnys gen (RLC).
do, vb, gul; gwul (RLC).
dock, n, (for ships) kay (m), kayow (pl); (plant) tavolen
(f), tavol (coll).
doctor, n, (medical) medhek (m), medhygyon (pl);
medhoges (f), medhogesow (pl); (title) doktour (m),
doktours (pl); doctors surgery, n, medhegva (f),
medhegvaow (pl).

document, n, skrif (m), skrifow (pl); skrifen (f),

skrifennow (pl), skrifednow (pl, RLC).
dodgem, n, karr bonk (m), kerri bonk (pl).
dog, n, ki (m), kei (m, RLC), keun (pl); male dog, n,
gorgi (m), gorgiow (pl); female dog, bitch, gast (f),
gesti (pl).
dogfish, n, morgi (m), morgeun (pl).
doll, n, dolli (f), doliow (pl); popet (m), popetow (pl).
dolls house, n, chi dolli (m), chiow dolli (pl), treven
dolli (pl, RLC).
dolphin, n, morhogh (m), morhohes (pl).
done, adj, gwrys; gwres (RLC); done for, undone, adj,
diswrys; diswres (RLC).
donkey, n, asen (m), asenes (pl).
door, n, daras (m), darasow (pl), darjow (pl, RLC).
door handle, n, dornla (m), dornleow (pl).
double, adj, dewblek.
dove, n, kolom (f), kelemmi (pl), kelebmi (pl, RLC).
down, I n, (fine feathers), manbluven (f), manbluv
(coll); (moorland), n, goon (f), gonyow (pl); II
downwards, adv, yn-nans, war-woles.
downstairs, adv, a-woles; war-woles.
dragon, n, dragon (f), dragones (pl).
draw, vb, (art) delinya; (pull) tenna; tedna (RLC).
drawer, n, tregyn (m), tregynnow (pl), tregydnow (pl,
RLC).
drawing, n, delinyans (m), delinyansow (pl).
drawing pin, n, pynn meus (m), pynnow meus (pl);
pydn meus (m, RLC), pydnow meus (pl, RLC).
dream, vb, hunrosa; n, hunros (m), hunrosow (pl).
dress, vb, gwiska; to dress oneself, vb, omwiska.
dress (frock), n, pows (f), powsyow (pl).
dresser (furniture), n, lestrier (m), lestrieryow (pl).
dressing gown, n, mantel nos (f), mantylli nos (pl).
drill, I n, tarder (m), terder (pl); II vb, telli.
drink, I n, diwes (m), diwosow (pl); II vb, eva.
drive, vb, lewya; lewa (RLC).
driver, n, lewyer (m), lewyoryon (pl).
drop (fluid), n, banna (m), badna (m, RLC), banahow
(pl); (tear drop) dager (m), dagrow (pl).
drown, vb, beudhi.
drum, n, tabour (m), tabouryow (pl).
drunk, adj, medhow.
dry, adj, sygh; segh (RLC).
duchess, n, dukes (f), dukesow (pl).
duchy, n, duketh (f).
duck, n, hos (m), heyji (pl).
duckling, n, heyjik (m), heyjigow (pl).
duke, n, duk (m), dukys (pl).
dung, n, kawgh (m).
dusk, n, mo (m).
dustbin, n, atalgist (f), atalgistyow (pl).
duster, n, kweth ponn (f), kwethow ponn (pl); kweth
podn (f, RLC), kwethow podn (pl, RLC).
dustpan, n, padel bonn (f), padellow ponn (pl); padel
bodn (f, RLC), padellow podn (pl, RLC).
duty, n, (responsibility) dever (m); (tax) toll (f), tollow
13

(pl).
duvet, n, kolhes (f), kolhesow (pl).
dwarf, n, korr (m), korryon (pl); korres (f), koresow
(pl, f).
dwell, vb, triga.
dwelling, n, annedh (f), adnedh (f, RLC); anedhow (pl).

endure, vb, (last) pesya; pejya (RLC); (tolerate) perthi.

enemy, n, eskar (m), eskerens (pl).
energy, n, nerth (m), nerthow (pl).
engine, n, jynn (m), jynnow (pl), jynnys (pl); engine
house, n, jynnji (m), jynnjiow (pl).
engineer, n, ynjynor (m), ynjynoryon (pl); ynjynores
(f), ynjynoresow (pl).
engineering, n, ynjynorieth (f).
England, n, Pow Sows (m); Pow an Sowson (m).
English, adj, sowsnek; English Language, n, Sowsnek
(m); English speaker, n, Sowsneger (m),
Sowsnegoryon (pl); English person, n, Sows (m),
Sowson (pl); Sowses (f), Sowsesow (pl).
enjoy, vb, enjoya; kemeres plesour dre 2; bos da gans;
(to enjoy oneself) omlowenhe.
enough, adj, lowr; luck; good enough, phr, da lowr.
enormous, adj, kowrek; hujes [hwz] (RLC).
enter, vb, entra.
enthusiastic, adj, gwresek.
entirely, adv, oll.
envelope, n, mayler (m), maylers (pl).
environment, n, kerhynnedh (m), kerhydnedh (m,
RLC); kerhynedhow (pl).
environmentalist,
n,
kerhynedhor
(m),
kerhynedhoryon
(pl);
kerhynedhores
(f),
kerhynedhoresow (pl).
epistle, n, epystyl (m), epystlys (pl).
equal, I adj, par; kehaval; II n, par (m), parow (pl);
pares (f), paresow (pl).
equipment, n, daffar (m).
err, vb, (in deed) kammwul; (in thought) kammdybi;
kabmdybi (RLC).
error, n, (in deed) kammwrians (m), kammwriansow
(pl);
(in
thought)
kammdybyans
(m),
kammdybyansow (pl); kabmdybyans (m, RLC),
kabmdybyansow (pl, RLC).
escalator, n, jynn yskyn (m), jynnow yskyn (pl).
escape, vb, diank; jank (RLC).
estuary, n, heyl (m), heylyow (pl).
et cetera, etc., phr, hag erel, abbr, h.e.
eternal, adj, dibenn; heb diwedh.
even, I adj, (balanced) kompes; (of numbers) parow;
II adv, hogen. {Hogen is always the last word in a
clause.}
evening, n, gorthuher (m), gorthuherow (pl); evening
time, adv, gorthuherweyth; this evening, adv,
haneth; last evening, adv, nyhewer.
ever, adv, (in the past) bythkweth; byskath (RLC);
bykken; bynari; bynitha; (in the pres. or fut.) nevra;
for ever, adv phr, bys vykken.
ever, adj, prest.
every, adj, pub; every day, adv, pub dydh; pub dedh
(RLC).
everyone, prn, pubonan.
everything, prn, puptra.
evil, n, drog; tebel; {Note: The adjective tebel stands
before the noun it describes; drog can stand before or

E, e
each, I adj, pub; II prn, kettep; peub.
eager, adj, freth.
eagerness, n, frethter (m); mall (m); I am eager to meet
her, phr, mall yw genev a vetya gensi.
eagle, n, er (m), eryon (pl), eres (pl).
ear, n, skovarn (f), skovornow (pl); diwskovarn (dl).
early, adv, a-varr.
earn, vb, dendil.
earth, n, dor (m); Earth (planet), n, (an) Norvys (m).
earthworm, n, bulugen (f), buluk (coll).
easel, n, margh skrifa (m), mergh skrifa (pl).
east, I adj, est; II n, est (m); howldrehevel (m).
Easter, n, Pask (m).
easy, adj, es; easier, cmp, esya; (comfortable) attes.
eat, vb, dybri; debri (RLC).
edge, n, amal (m), emlow (pl).
egg, n, oy (m), oyow (pl); to lay eggs, vb phr, dedhwi;
not worth an egg, fig, ny dal oy; egg cup, n, hanaf oy
(m), hanafow oy (pl).
eight, card num, eth; eighth, ord num, ethves; abbr,
8ves.
eighteen, card num, etek; eighteenth, ord num, etegves;
abbr, 18ves.
either ... or, conj, po ... po; poken ... po.
elbow, n, elin (m), elinyow (pl), dewelin (dl).
electric, adj, tredanek.
electrician, n, tredaner (m), tredanoryon (pl).
electricity, n, tredan (m); electric train, n, tren
tredanek (m), trenow tredanek (pl).
electrify, vb, tredanhe.
elephant, n, olifans (m), olifanses (pl).
eleven, card num, unnek; udnek (RLC).
eleventh, ord num, unnegves; udnegves (RLC); abbr,
11ves.
else, adj, ken; or else, conj, poken.
e-mail, I n, e-bost (m), e-bostow (pl); II vb, e-bostya.
emphasis, n, poos (m), posow (pl).
employment, n, soodh (f), sodhow (pl).
empty, I adj, gwag; II vb, gwakhe.
enclose, vb, degea(s); enclose with a hedge, vb phr,
keas.
enclosure, n, garth (m), garthow (pl); park (m), parkow
(pl).
encounter, vb, metya; dierbynna; to encounter
somebody, vb phr, metya orth nebonan.
end, I vb, diwedha; II n, diwedh (m); penn (m), pennow
(pl); pedn (m, RLC), pednow (pl, RLC); fin (f), finyow
(pl); end to end, phr, hys-ha-hys; hes-ha-hes (RLC).
14

after the noun.} evil person, n, tebel (m), tebeles (pl).

ewe, n, davas (f), deves (pl); ewe lamb, n, ones (f),
onesow (pl).
exact, adj, kewar.
exactly, adv, poran
examine, vb, apposya.
examination, n, apposyans (m), apposyansow (pl).
example, n, ensampel (m), ensamplow (pl), ensamplys
(pl).
except, conj, marnas; saw.
excuse, I n, askus (m), askusyow (pl); II vb, askusya.
exercise, I vb, (physical) omoberi; (try out) assaya;
saya; (test oneself) omassaya; (practise) practisya;
II n, assay (m), assays (pl); ober (m), oberow (pl);
praktis (m), praktisyow (pl).
exhort, vb, keski; ynia.
expect, vb, (hope for) gwaytyas; desevos.
expense, n, kost (m), kostys (pl).
expensive, adj, kostek.
extend, vb, ystyn.
extension, n, ystynnans (m), ystydnans (m, RLC),
ystynansow (pl).
extent, n, hys (m); hes (m, RLC).
extremely, adv, fest.
eye, n, lagas (m), lagasow (pl), lagajow (pl, RCL),
dewlagas (dl), dowlagas (dl, RLC).
eyebrow, n, abrans (m), abransow (pl), dewabrans (dl),
dowabrans (dl, RLC).

farmer, n, tiek (m), tiogow (pl), tiogyon (pl); tioges (f),

tiogesow (pl).
farmhouse, n, chi tiek (m), chiow tiek (pl); chei tiek
(m, RLC), treven tiek (pl, RLC).
fashion, n, gis (m); geis (m, RLC); according to the
fashion, adv phr, herwydh an gis; follower of
fashion, n, holyer gis; out of fashion, phr, yn-mes an
gis.
fashionable, adj, kelvydh.
fart, I n, bramm (m), bremmyn (pl); brabm (m, RLC),
brebmyn (pl, RLC); II vb, bramma; brabma (RLC).
fast, adj, uskis.
fat, adj, tew.
father, n, tas (m), tasow (pl); Father Christmas, n, Tas
Nadelik;
father-in-law,
n,
hwegron
(m),
hwegronyon (pl); sira da (m), sirys da (pl).
fear, I n, own (m); II vb, doutya; the cat is frightened,
phr, yma own dhen gath; an gath as teves own; for
fear, because of fear, lest, conj, rag own, rag dout;
I shouted for fear that you would fall, phr, my a
armas rag own ty dhe godha.
fearful, adj, ownek.
feather, n, pluven (f), pluvennow (pl), pluvednow (pl,
RLC); (plumage) coll n, pluv (coll).
feast, (festival) n, gool (m), golyow (pl); feastday, n,
dygol (m); (convivial event, party), n, kevewi (m),
kevewiow (pl).
February, n, Hwevrel (m); mis Hwevrel (m); Hwevrer
(m); mis Hwevrer (m).
feed, vb, maga.
feel, vb, klewes; klowes (RLC); (to be aware) omglewes;
omglowes (RLC).
fellow, n, gwas (m), gwesyon (pl).
felt-tip pen, n, pluven leuvban (f), pluvennow leuvban
(pl), pluvednow leuvban (pl, RLC).
female, I n, benynreydh (f); II adj, benow.
feminine, adj, gwregel; (grammatical gender) adj,
benow; feminine noun/word, n phr, ger benow.
fence, n, kloos (f), klosyow (pl).
fern, n, redenen (f), reden (coll).
ferry, I n, kowbal (m), kowbalow (pl); ferry crossing, n,
kowbalhyns (m), kowbalhynsow (pl); kowbalhens
(m, RLC), kowbalhensow (pl, RLC); II vb, tretha.
festival, n, gool (m), golyow (pl).
fetch, vb, kerhes.
few, I adj, bohes; nebes (before singular count nouns
or plural mass nouns); II n, nebes (m).
fie!, int, fi!; agh!
field, n, park (m), parkow (pl): gwel (m), gwelyow (pl).
fifteen, card num, pymthek; pemdhek (RLC).
fifteenth, ord num, pymthegves; pemdhekves (RLC);
abbr, 15ves.
fifth, ord num, pympes; pempes (RLC); abbr, 5es.
fiftieth, ord num, hanterkansves; abbr, 50ves.
fifty, card num, hanterkans, hanterkansow (pl); deg
ha dew-ugens.
fight, vb, omladh. {Note: Easily confused with the verb

F, f
face, n, bejeth (f), bejethow (pl); enep (m), enebow (pl);
greuv (m); fas (m), fassow (pl); face paint, n, paynt
bejeth (m), payntow bejeth (pl).
facing, prp, a-dal; a-doal (RLC).
factory, n, gweythva (f), gweythvaow (pl).
fail, vb, fyllel, fail to, vb, fyllel a2 + verb.
failure, n, fall (m), faladow (m).
faint, vb, klamdera.
fairy, n, spyrys (m), spyrysyon (pl), spyryjyon (pl).
fair, I adj, (attractive) teg; gwynn; gwydn (RLC);
(colouring) melyn; (just) ewn; II n, (relaxation) fer
(m), feryow (pl); gool (m), golyow (pl).
fairground, n, ferla (m), ferleow (pl).
fake, adj, fug.
fall, vb, kodha.
falter, vb, hockya.
false, adj, fals.
family, n, teylu (m), teyluyow (pl).
fancy dress, n, gwisk kevewi (m).
far, adj, pell.
fame, n, gerda (m).
famous, adj, gerys da.
familiar, adj, koth; aswonys: ajwonys (RLC).
farewell, int, farwell.
farm, n, bargen tir (m), bargenyow tir (pl), bargenys
tir (pl).
15

flight, n, neyj (m), neyjow (pl).

flipper, n, botasen balvek (f), botas palvek (coll).
float, I n, (for fishing) neuvel (f), neuvellow (pl); II vb,
neuvella; neyja.
floor, n, leur (m), leuryow (pl).
flour, n, bleus (m), bleusyow (pl), bleujyow (pl, RLC).
flow (of liquids and powders), vb, resek.
flower, I n, bleujen (f), bleujyow (coll); flour (m),
flourys (pl); II vb. bleujyowa; flower bed, n phr,
bleujowek (f), bleujowegi (pl).
fluent, adj, freth.
flutter, vb, terneyja.
fly, I n, kelyonen (f), kelyon (coll); bluebottle fly, n,
kelyonen gig (f), kelyon kig (coll); II vb, neyja.
foam, n, ewynen (f), ewyn (coll).
fog, n, niwl (m), niwlow (pl).
fold, vb, plegya.
follow, vb, (physical) holya; (outcome) sewya,
omsewya.
food, n, boos (m).
fool, n, gocki (m), gockies (pl).
foolish, adj, gocki; fol.
foot, n, (anatomy) troos (m), treys (pl), dewdros (dl);
(base) ben (m), benyow (pl); (length) troos hys (m),
treys hys (pl); on foot, adv, a droos.
football, n, pel droos (f), pelyow troos (pl).
footpath, n, trolergh (m), trolerhow (pl).
for (in order to, for the purpose of), prp, rag; for ever,
phr, bys vykken.
forbid, vb, difen.
force, n, fors.
forefather, n, hendas (m), hendasow (pl); ragdas (m),
ragdasow (pl).
forehead, n, tal (m), talyow (pl); toal (m, RLC), toalyow
(pl, RLC).
forenoon, n, myttin (m), myttinyow (pl); mettin (m,
RLC), mettinyow (pl, RLC); kynseghwa (m);
kenjoghwa (m, RLC); myttinweyth (m).
forest, n, koos (m), kosow (pl).
forget, vb, ankevi; nakevi (RLC).
fork, n, (tool) forgh (f), fergh (pl); (Y-shape) gowl (f),
gowlow (pl).
forked, adj, gowlek.
form, I n, (shape) furv (f), furvow (pl); form (m),
formow (pl), formys (pl, RLC); II vb, furvya.
former, adj, kyns, kens (RLC).
formerly, adv, seulabrys; seulabres (RLC); kyns; kens
(RLC).
fort, n, din (m), dinyow (pl); dinas (m), dinasow (pl);
hill fort, n, ker (m), keryow (pl).
fortnight, n, hanter mis (m), hanter misyow (pl).
forthwith, adv, a-dhesempis; dhesempis.
fortunate, adj, feusik; fujik (RLC); gwynnvys.
forward(s), adv, (in the direction of) war-rag; (motion)
yn-rag; to go forward, vb, mos yn-rag.
foul, adj, hager.
found, vb, fondya; grondya; selya.

omladha, to commit suicide.}

file, n, (document; computer) restren (f), restrennow
(pl), restrednow (pl, RLC); filing cabinet, n,
restrenva (f), restrenvaow (pl); (tool), n, liv (f),
livyow.
fill, vb, lenwel, leunhe; fill with, vb, lenwel a2.
film I n, (cinema) fylm (m); (covering), kennen (f),
kenennow (pl); kednen (f, RLC), kenednow (pl, RLC);
II vb, (to make a film) fylmya; to coat with film, vb,
kenna; kedna (RLC).
filthy, adj, plos.
fin, n, askel (f), eskelli (pl), skelli (pl, RLC).
finally, adv, wortiwedh, wostiwedh.
find, vb, kavos; to find oneself (situated), vb, omgavos.
fine I adj, (beautiful) teg; (excellent) brav; (healthy)
yagh; II n, (penalty) spal (m), spalyow (pl); III vb,
spala.
finger, n, bys (m), bes (m, RLC), besies (pl); index
finger, n, bys rag (m); bes rag (m, RLC); middle
finger, n, bys kres (m); bes kres (m, RLC) ring finger,
n, bys bysow (m); bes besow (m, RLC); little finger, n
phr, bys byhan (m); bes bian (m, RLC).
finish, vb, gorfenna; gorfedna (RLC).
fire, I n, tan (m), tanyow (pl); on fire, phr, gans tan;
II vb, (fire a weapon) tenna; fire engine, n, jynn tan
(m), jynnow tan (pl), jynnys tan (pl, RLC).
firefighter, n, tangasor (m), tangasoryon (pl);
tangasores (f), tangasoresow (pl); den difudhi (m),
tus dhifudhi (pl); benen dhifudhi (m), benenes
difudhi (pl).
fireplace, n, oles (f), olesow (pl).
firewood, n, keunysen (f), keunys (coll); kunys (coll,
RLC).
firework, n, tanweythen (f), tanweyth (coll).
firm (steadfast), adj, fyrv.
first, ord num, kynsa; kensa (RLC); abbr, 1a.
fish, n, pysk (m), pesk (m, RLC), puskes (pl); fish tank,
n, tank puskes (m), tankow puskes (pl).
fisherman, n, pyskador (m), pyskadoryon (pl);
peskajor (m, RLC), peskajors (pl, RLC).
fish, vb, pyskessa; pyskecha (RLC).
fishing boat, n, kok (m), kokow (pl).
fishing rod, n, gwelen byskessa (f), gwelynni pyskessa
(pl).
fishpond, n, pysklyn (f), pysklynnow (pl); pesklyn (f,
RLC), pesklydnow (pl, RLC).
fist, n, dorn (m), dornow (pl), dewdhorn (dl); fistful, n,
dornas (m), dornasow (pl).
fit (healthy), adj, yagh.
five, card num, pymp; pemp (RLC).
fix, I fasten, affix, vb, staga; II repair, vb, ewnhe.
flesh, n, kig (m), kigyow (pl).
flag, n, baner (m), baneryow (pl), baners (pl).
flame, n, flamm (m), flammow (pl).
flash, vb, luhesi.
flat I adj, plat; gwastas; II n, (apartment) rannji (m),
rannjiow (pl).
16

foundation, n, fondyans (m), fondyansow (pl);

fondacyon (m), fondacyons (pl); grond (m); sel (m),
selyow (pl); foundation stone, n, selven (m), selveyn
(pl); lay foundations, vb, fondya, grondya.
fountain, n, fenten (f), fentynnyow (pl), fentydnyow
(pl, RLC).
four, card num, peswar (m), pajar (RLC); peder (f).
fourfooted, adj, peswartrosek
fourteen, card num, peswardhek.
fourteenth, ord num, peswardhegves; abbr, 14ves.
fourth, ord num, peswora; pajwora (RLC); abbr, 4a.
fox, n, lowarn (m), lewern (pl); fox-cub, n, lowarnik
(m), lewernigow (pl).
fragile, adj, hedor.
fragment, I n, darn (m), darnow (pl); tamm (m),
temmyn (pl); tabm (m), tebmyn (pl; RLC); II vb,
omvrewi; omvrowi (RLC).
fragmentation, n, omvrewyans (m); omvrowyans
(RLC).
frail, adj, gwann; gwadn (RLC); brottel.
France, n, (Pow) Frynk (m); (Pow) Frenk (m, RLC).
frank, adj, frank.
free, adj, (unrestrained) rydh; frank; to set free, vb,
delivra; rydhhe; (cut loose) lewsel; lowsel (RLC);
freely, adv, yn frank; yn rydh; (free of cost) adj, heb
kost.
freeze, vb, rewi.
freezer, n, rewer (m), reworyon (pl).
freight, n, fres (m); karg (m), kargow (pl).
French, adj, frynkek; frenkek (RLC); Frenchman, n,
Frynk (m), Frynkyon (pl); Frenk (m, RLC), Frenkyon
(pl, RLC); French woman, n, Frynkes (f), Frynkesow
(pl); Frenkes (f, RLC), Frenkesow (pl, RLC); French
language, n, Frynkek (m); Frenkek (pl, RLC).
frequency, n, menowghter (m).
frequent, vb, daromres.
frequently, adv, menowgh; yn fenowgh.
fresh, adj, fresk, yr; (new) nowyth; (brand new) flamm
nowyth; (of food) kro; (raw, uncooked) kriv.
Friday, n, Gwener (m); dyGwener (m); deGwener (m,
RLC); Good Friday, n, dyGwener an Grows (m);
deGwener an Grows (m, RLC); Friday night, n phr,
dyGwener dhe nos.
fridge (refrigerator), n, yeynel (f), yeynellow (pl).
fried, adj, friys; fried egg, n phr, oy friys (m).
friend, n, koweth (m), kowetha (pl); kowethes (f),
kowethesow (pl); (comrade) kothman (m),
kothmans (pl); (mate) sos (m, sg & pl); (familiar
friend) koth (m).
fright, n, own (m); to take fright, vb phr, kemeres own.
frightful, adj, grysel; euthyk; ithik (RLC).
frighten, vb, ownekhe; gorra own dhe2.
frock, n, pows (f), powsow (pl).
frog, n, kwilkyn (m), kwilkynyow (pl).
from, prp, (local) dhyworth; dorth (RLC); a 2; from
beneath, from under, prp, a-dhann; a-dhadn (RLC);
from on, from over, from on top of, prp, a-dhywar;

dywar; dhywar; from here, adv, alemma; alebma

(RLC); from there, adv, alena; (temporal; since) adhia.
front, I adj, a-rag; II adv, (in front of) a-rag; III n, tal
(m), toal (m, RLC), talyow (pl); (front of body) greuv
(m).
frost, n, rew (m), rewyow (pl).
frown, vb, plegya tal; talgamma; brendya (RLC).
frozen, adj, rewys.
fruit, n, frothen (f), frooth (coll); frut (m), frutys (pl).
fruit juice, n, sugen frooth (m), sugenyow frooth (pl).
fry, vb, fria.
frying pan, n, leswedh (m), leswedhow (pl); lecher (m,
RLC), lechers (pl, RLC).
fulfil, vb, kewera; kollenwel.
full, adj, leun; full of, adj, leun a2; full grown, adj,
kowldevys.
fun, n, gwari (m), gwariow (pl); delit (m); to make fun
of, vb, gul ges a2.
furniture, n, mebel (m).
further, adj, pella; any further, adv, na3 fella (usually in
negative sentences).
furze (gorse), n, eythinen (f), eythin (coll).
future, n, termyn a dheu (m), termynyow a dheu (pl);
termyn a vedn dos (m, RLC).

G, g
gabble, vb, klappya.
gadfly, n, kelyonen vargh (f), kelyon margh (coll).
Gaelic, I adj, godhalek; II n, Godhalek (m).
gain, I n, gwayn (m), gwaynyow (pl); les (m); II vb,
gwaynya.
galaxy, n, galaksi (f), galaksiow (pl).
gallery, n, (balcony) soler (m), soleryow (pl);
(exhibition room) mirva (f), mirvaow (pl).
gallon, n, gallon (m), gallons (pl).
gallows, n, krogbren (m), krogbrennyer (pl),
krogbrednyer (pl, RLC); kloghbrennyer (pl),
kloghbrednyer (pl, RLC).
galore, adj, lowr a2; prizes galore, phr, lowr a bewasow.
gamble, vb, hapwari.
game, n, (play) gwari (m), gwariow (pl); board game, n,
gwari bord (m), gwariow bord (pl); card game, n,
gwari kartennow (m), gwariow kartennow (pl);
Olympic Games, n, Gwariow Olympek (pl); role
playing game (RPG), n, gwari rann (m), gwariow
rann (pl); gwari radn (m, RLC), gwariow radn (pl,
RLC); gwari rolys (m), gwariow rolys (pl); video
game, n, gwari gwydhyow (m), gwariow gwydhyow
(pl); to play a double game, phr, gwari gans/gen
gwelen dhewblek; (animals) gam (m), helgik (m).
gang, n, para (m), parys (pl); bagas (m), bagasow (pl),
bagajow (pl, RLC).
gangster, n, bilen (m), bilenys (pl).
gangway, n, tremenva (f), tremenvaow (pl).
gaol, n, prison (m), prisonyow (pl).
17

garage, n, karrji (m), karrjiow (pl).

garden, n, lowarth (m), lowar (m, RLC); lowarthyow
(pl).
garlic, n, keninen (f), kennin (coll).
gas, n, gas (m), gassys (pl).
gate, n, yet (f), yettys (pl); porth (m), por (m, RLC),
porthow (pl).
gather, vb, kuntel.
gay, adj, (joyful) lowenek; (homosexual) kethreydhel.
gear, n, taklen (f), taklow (pl); daffar (m); (mechanical)
maglen (f), maglennow (pl), maglednow (pl, RLC).
gender, n, reydh (f), reydhow (pl).
general, I adj, ollgemmyn; ollgebmyn (RLC); jeneral;
II
n,
(army)
pennhembrenkyas
(m),
pennhembrynkysi (pl); jeneral (m), jenerals (pl).
generally, adv, dre vras.
generate, vb, dinythi; dinethi (RLC).
genius, n, (muse) awen (f); (person) awenydh (m),
awenydhyon (pl); awenydhes (f), awenydhesow (pl).
gentle, adj, hweg; jentil.
gentleman, n, den jentil (m), tus jentil (pl).
gentlewoman, n, benyn jentil (f), benynes jentil (pl).
gently, adv, yn kosel, dre dekter.
genuine, adj, lel; gwir; gwiryon.
geography, n, doronieth (f).
geometry, n, mynsonieth (f); mensonieth (f, RLC).
German, adj, almaynek; German person, n, Alman (m),
Almanyon (pl); Almanes (f), Almanesow (pl);
German language, n, Almaynek (m); German
shepherd dog, n, ki bleydh (m), keun bleydh (pl).
Germany, top, Almayn (m); Germani (m).
get, vb, kavos; (obtain) kerhes; kawas (RLC); get along,
vb phr, kerdhes; get back, vb phr, kavos arta; get
drunk, vb phr, medhwi; get ill, phr, kodha klav;
kodha kloav (RLC); get on, vb, spedya; seweni;
soweni (RLC); get out of here!, phr, voyd alemma!;
voyd alebma (RLC); get ready, vb, ombareusi; get
round to do, phr, kavos chons dhe wul; get wind of
something, phr, klewes son a neppyth; get up, vb,
sevel; I have got, vb phr, yma dhymm; ma dhybm
(RLC); my am beus.
ghastly, adj, euthyk; ithik (RLC); skruthus.
ghetto, n, getto (m), gettos (pl).
ghost, n, tarosvan (m), tarosvannow (pl), tarosvadnow
(pl, RLC); good ghost, n phr, bocka gwynn (m),
bock(y)as wynn (pl); bocka gwydn (m, RLC),
bock(y)as wydn (pl, RLC); bad ghost, n phr, bocka du
(m), bock(y)as dhu (pl); ghost train, n, tren tarosvan
(m), trenow tarosvan (pl); give up the ghost, phr,
daskor y enev.
ghostly, adj, tarosvannus; tarosvadnus (RLC).
gift, n, ro (m), rohow (pl).
gifted (talented), adj, konnyk; kodnyk (RLC).
gigabyte (GB), n, gigabayt (m), gigabaytys (pl); abbr,
GB.
gill (of fish), n, brynken (f), brynk (coll).
gin (drink), n, jynevra (m).

ginger, n, jynjyber (coll); jynjer (coll, RLC).

giraffe, n, jiraf (m), jirafes (pl).
girdle, n, grugys (m), grugysow (pl); kengrel (f),
kengrellow (pl); kyngel (f), kynglow (pl).
girl, n, mowes (f), mowysi (pl); mos (f, RLC), mosi (pl,
RLC).
girlfriend, n, kares (f), karesow (pl).
give, vb, ri; rei (RLC); give back, vb phr, ri arta; rei arta
(RLC); give up, vb, daskor; give way, vb, plegya; give
or take, phr, a-dro dhe2.
glad, adj, lowen.
glade, n, lannergh (m), lanerhi (pl).
gland, n, gwagren (f), gwagrennow (pl), gwagrednow
(pl, RLC).
glass, n, (material; mirror) gweder (m); (vessel)
gwedren (f), gwedrennow (pl), gwedrednow (pl,
RLC).
glasses (spectacles), n, golokwedrow (pl); dewweder
(dl).
glassful, n, gwedrennas (f), gwedrednas (f, RLC),
gwedrenasow (pl).
gleam, vb, lentri.
gleaming, adj, lentrus; splann; spladn (RLC).
glide, vb, slynkya.
gloat, vb, gorawena.
global, adj, ollvysel; ollvesel (RLC); global warming, n
phr, tommheans ollvysel; tobmheans ollvesel (RLC).
globe, n, pel an norvys (f), pelyow an norvys (pl).
gloomy, adj, tewal; trist.
glorious, adj, gloryus.
glory, n, glori (m); golowder (m); gordhyans (m).
glove, n, manek (f), manegow (pl).
glow, I n, golow (m), golowys (pl); II vb, golowi.
glue, I n, glus (m), glusow (pl); II vb, glusa.
gnat, n, gwibesen (f), gwibes (coll).
gnome, n, korrik (m), korrigow (pl); (mine spirit)
knoukyer (m), knoukyers (pl); (goblin) bocka (m),
bockas (pl), bockyas (pl); garden gnome, n, korrik
lowarth (m), korrigow lowarth (pl).
go, vb, mos; go away, avodya; mos dhe ves; go down,
vb, diyskynna; deskydnya (RLC); go out, vb, mos ynmes; (of a flame) merwel; go up, vb, yskynna;
skydnya (RLC); mos a-mann (RLC).
goal, n, (aim) amkan (m), amkanow (pl); kosten (f),
kostennow (pl), kostednow (pl, RLC); towl (m),
towlow (pl); (sports) gol (m), golyow (pl).
goat, n, gaver (f), gever (pl), gyvres (pl); he-goat, n,
bogh (m), bohas (pl).
goblin, n, bocka (m), bock(y)as (pl).
god, n, duw (m), duwow (pl); (Christian God) Duw; God
bless!, phr, Duw re sewena!; Dursona!
goddess, n, duwes (f), duwesow (pl).
godchild, n, flogh besydh (m), flehes vesydh (pl); flogh
bejedh (m, RLC), flehes vejedh (pl, RLC).
godfather, n, tas besydh (m), tasow vesydh (pl); tas
bejedh (m, RLC), tasow vejedh (pl, RLC).
godmother, n, mamm vesydh (f), mammow besydh
18

(pl); mabm vejedh (f, RLC), mabmow bejedh (pl,

RLC).
goggle-eyed, adj, lagasek; lagajek (RLC).
gold, n, owr (m).
golden, adj, owrek; owryek (RLC).
goldfish n, owrbysk (m), owrbesk (m, RLC), owrbuskes
(pl).
gone, adj, gyllys.
good, adj, da; (morally good, respectable) mas; good
morning!, phr, myttin da!; mettin da! (RLC);
goodbye!, phr, Duw genes/genowgh!; good day!,
phr, dydh da!; dedh da! (RLC); Durdadhehwi!;
Durdadhehwei! (RLC); Duw roy dydh da dhywgh
hwi! (RMC); good evening!, phr, gorthuher da!; good
heavens!, int, re Varia!; Ria!; good night!, phr, nos
da!;
nostadhehwi!;
nostadhehwei!
(RLC);
Durnostadha!
goodness, n, dadder (m); goodness knows!, phr, Duw
hepken a wor!
goods, n pl, gwara (coll); (possessions) pyth ha da; peth
ha da (RLC); goods train, n, tren fres (m), trenow
fres (pl).
goose, n, goodh (f), godhow (pl).
gooseberry, n, growsen (f), grows (coll).
gorgeous, adj, splann; spladn (RLC).
gorilla, n, gorilla (m), gorilles (pl).
gorse, n, eythinen (f), eythin (coll).
gorseth, n, gorsedh (f), gorsedhow (pl).
gosling, n, godhik (m), godhigow (pl).
gossamer, n, gweun (m).
gossip, vb, kyhwedhla; phr, kesklappya yn unn
sklandra; phr, esedha war skavel an gow.
government, n, governans (m), governansow (pl).
gown, n, pows (f), powsyow (pl).
grace, n, gras (m), grassow (pl).
graceful, adj, grassyes; rasek.
gracious, adj, deboner; grassyes.
grade, I n, gradh (m), gradhow (pl); II vb, gradhegi.
gradual(ly), adj & adv, tamm ha tamm; tabm ha tabm
(RLC).
graduate, I n, gradhesik (m), gradhesigyon (pl);
gradhesiges (f), gradhesigesow (pl); II vb, gradhya.
grain, n, greunen (f), greun (coll).
gram(me), n, gramm (m), grammow (pl).
grammar, n, (rules; subject of school lessons) gramer
(m); gramasek (f); (book) yethador (m).
granary, n, greunva (f), greunvaow (pl).
grand, adj, bryntin; brentin (RLC); brav; meur; uhel;
grand piano, n, piano bras (m), pianos bras (pl).
grandchild, n, flogh gwynn (m), flehes wynn (pl); flogh
gwydn (m, RLC), flehes gwydn (pl, RLC).
grandfather, n, tas gwynn (m), tasow wynn (pl); sira
wynn (m), sirys wynn (pl); sira wydn (m, RLC), sirys
wydn (pl, RLC).
grandmother, n, mamm wynn (f), mammow gwynn
(pl); dama wynn (f), damyow gwynn (pl); dama
wydn (f, RLC), damyow wydn (pl, RLC).

grandparents, n pl, kerens wynn (pl); kerens wydn (pl,

RLC).
grandson, n, mab wynn (m), mebyon wynn (pl); mab
wydn (m, RLC), mebyon wydn (pl, RLC).
grape, n, grappa (m), grappys (pl), grappow (pl).
grapefruit, n, aval paradhis (m), avalow paradhis (pl).
graphical, adj, grafegel; graphical user interface (GUI),
n, ynterfas usyer grafegel (m); abbr, YUG.
graphics, n pl, grafek (f).
grasp, I n, dalhen (f), dalhennow (pl), dalhednow (pl,
RLC); gavel (f), gavelyow (pl); II vb, dalhenna;
dalhedna (RLC); synsi; senji (RLC).
grass, n, gwels (coll); blade of grass, n, gwelsen (f);
grass roots support, n phr, skoodhyans an bobel.
grateful, adj, grasek; grajek (RLC).
grave, n, bedh (m), bedhow (pl); grave stone, n, men
bedh (m), meyn bedh (pl).
gravel, n, grow (coll).
graveyard, n, bedhros (f), bedhrosow (pl); korflan (f),
korflannow (pl).
gravy, n, sugen (f); sugen gig (f).
graze, vb, peuri; pori (RLC).
great, I adj, meur; II int, splann!; bryntin!; brentin!
(RLC)
great-aunt, n, gorvodrep (f), gorvodrebedh (pl).
Great Britain, top, Breten Veur.
great-uncle, n, gorewnter (m), gorewntres (pl).
greed, n, krefni (f); pithneth (f).
greedy, adj, kraf, pith.
Greek, I adj, grek; II n, (language) Greka; (person) Grek
(m), Grekys (pl); Grekes (f), Grekesow (pl).
green, adj, (natural) glas; (artificial) gwyrdh, gwer;
dark green, adj, dulas; light green, adj, gwerwyn;
the Green Party, n, an Parti Gwer; the Greens, n, an
Re Wer (pl).
greenhouse, n, chi gweder (m), chiow gweder (pl); chei
gweder (m, RLC), treven gweder (pl, RLC).
greet, vb, dynerhi; saluji; wolkomma; wolkobma (RLC).
greeting, n, dynnargh (m).
greetings, n pl, gorhemynadow; greetings! phr, lowena
dhis! (sg)/lowena dhywgh! (pl).
grey, adj, loos; glas (also blue and green).
griddle, n, men pobas (m), meyn pobas (pl).
grief, n, duwon (m); galar (m); anken (m); keudh (m),
keudhow (pl); (melancholy) moredh (m), moredhow
(pl).
grieve, vb, (afflict) duwonhe; grevya; (mourn) galari.
grill, n, rastel (f), restel (pl).
grim, adj, asper; fell; garow.
grind, vb, melyas; mala.
grip, n, dalhen (f), dalhennow (pl), dalhednow (pl,
RLC).
groan, I n, hanajen (f), hanajennow (pl), hanajednow
(pl, RLC); II vb, hanaja.
grocer, n, spiser (m), spisoryon (pl).
groceries, n, gwara boos (coll).
grocery, n, spisti (m), spistiow (pl).
19

ground, n, dor (m); leur (m), leuryow (pl).

group, n, bagas (m), bagasow (pl), bagajow (pl, RLC).
grow, vb, tevi.
grub, n, pryv (m), prev (m, RLC), preves (pl).
gruel, n, yos kergh (m).
guarantee, I n, mewgh (m), mewghyow (pl); II vb,
mewghya.
guard, I n, gwith (m); (person) gwithyas (m), gwithysi
(pl); gwithyades (f), gwithyadesow (pl); II vb,
gwitha.
guardian, n, gwithyas (m), gwithysi (pl).
guess, vb, dismygi.
guest, n, ostyas (m), ostysi (pl).
guide, I n, kevarwodher (m), kevarwodheryon (pl);
kevarwodhores (f), kevarwodhoresow (pl); II vb,
gidya.
guilty, adj, kablus; not guilty, phr, ankablus.
guinea pig, n, hogh Gyni (m), hohes Gyni (pl).
guitar, n, gitar (m), gitaryow (pl); electric guitar, n phr,
gitar tredanek (m).
gulf, n, morblek (m), morblegow (pl).
gull, n, golan (f), golanes (pl).
gum, n, (anatomical) kig dens (m), kigyow dens (pl);
(substance) glus (m), glusyow (pl).
gun, n, gonn (m), gonnys (pl); godn (m, RLC), godnys
(pl, RLC).
gunner, n, gonner (m), godner (m, RLC), gonoryon (pl).
gut, n, kolodhyonen (f), kolodhyon (coll).
gutter, n, londer (m), londrys (pl).
guy, n, den (m), tus (pl); tough guy, n phr, smat (m),
smatys (pl).
gymnasium, n, hel sport (f), helyow sport(pl).
gymnastics, n, gymnastek (m); lappyans (m); perform
gymnastics, vb phr, lappya.

hamster, n, hamster (m), hamsters (pl).

hand, n, leuv (f), leuvyow (pl), diwleuv (dl), dowla (dl,
RLC); dorn (m), dornow (pl); on the other hand, phr,
yn fordh aral; shake hands, vb phr, shackya leuv.
handful, n, dornas (m), dornasow (pl).
handbag, n, tigen (f), tigennow (pl), tigednow (pl, RLC).
hand-luggage, n, fardellow dorn (pl).
handball, n, (sport) pel dhorn (f); (offence in football)
dornbel (f), dornbelyow (pl).
handle, n, dornla (m), dornleow (pl).
handkerchief, n, lien dorn (m), lienyow dorn (pl).
handshake, n, shackyans leuv (m).
handsome, adj, teg; semli.
hang, vb, kregi.
hang-glide, vb, ayrgregi.
happen, vb, hwarvos; kodha; skynnya; skydnya (RLC);
whats happening?, phr, pandra hwer?; what has
happened to you?, phr, pandreus skydnys
warnowgh hwei? (RLC).
happening, n, hwarvos (m), hwarvosow (pl).
happiness, n, lowena (f).
happily, adv, yn lowen.
happy, adj, lowen; lowenek.
harbour, n, porth (m), por (m, RLC), porthow (pl).
hard, adj, (tough) kales; hard disk, n, plasen gales (f),
plasennow kales (pl), plasednow kales (pl, RLC);
hard working, adj, diwysyk.
hardly, adv, skant (+ neg.); skantlowr.
hardness, n, kaletter.
hardware (computer), n, kalesweyth (m).
hare, n, skovarnek (m), skovarnogyon (pl),
skovarnoges (pl).
harmonica, n, harmonika (f), harmonikas (pl).
harmonise, vb, kesseni.
hat, n, hat (m), hattow (pl), hattys (pl); (broadbrimmed hat) diber dowr (m), dibrow dowr (pl).
hate, I n, kas (m); II vb, kasa; hatya; I hate, phr, kas yw
genev.
hateful, adj, kasadow.
haunch, n, mordhos (m), mordhosow (pl); pedren (f),
pedrennow (pl), pedrednow (pl, RLC), diwbedren
(dl); pachen (coll, RLC).
have, vb, kavos; kawas (RLC); I have, vb phr, yma
dhymm; ma dhybm (RLC); ym beus; I have with me,
phr, yma genev; ma genevy (RLC); to have a bath,
phr, omdroghya; gul tronkys; have to, vb phr, bos res
dhe.
hawk, n, hok (m), hokys (pl).
hawthorn, n, spernen wynn (f), spern gwynn (coll);
spernen wydn (f, RLC), spern gwydn (coll, RLC).
hay, n, gora (m).
haystack, n, das wora (f), deys gora (pl).
haze, n, niwl (m), niwlow (pl).
he, prn, ev; (enclitic) e(v); va; (infixed) n.
head, n, penn (m), pennow (pl); pedn (m, RLC),
pednow (pl, RLC).
headache, n, drog penn (m), drogow penn (pl).

H, h
haddock, n, korrvarvus (m), korrvarvusi (pl).
hail, n, keser (coll); hailstone, n, keseren (f),
keserennow (pl), keserednow (pl, RLC); II vb,
(greeting) dynerhi; (weather) gul keser.
hair, n, blewen (f), blew (coll); gols (coll).
hairdresser, n, kempenner gols (m), kempenoryon
wols (pl); kempenores wols (f), kempenoresow gols
(pl); dyghtyer gols (m), dyghtyoryon wols (pl);
dyghtyores wols (f), dyghtyoresow gols (pl);
barbour (m), barbours (pl).
half, n, hanter (m); half-hearted, adj, mygyl; half hour,
n, hanter our (m); half time, n, hanter prys (m);
hanter pres (RLC); halfway, adj, hanter an fordh;
hanter an for (RLC); half-wit, n, skogyn (m),
skogynnow (pl), skogydnow (pl, RLC).
hall, n, hel (f), helyow (pl).
halt, I n, savla (f), savleow (pl); II vb, hedhi; sevel;
powes.
ham, n, mordhos hogh (f).
hammer, n, morthol (m), mortholyow (pl).
20

headland, n, penn tir (m), pennow tir (pl); pedn tir (m,
RLC), pednow tir (pl, RLC).
headquarters, n, pennplas (m), pennplasow (pl);
pednplas (m, RLC), pednplasow (pl, RLC).
headlight, n, pennlugarn (m), pennlugern (pl);
pednlugarn (m, RLC), pednlugern (pl, RLC).
heal, vb, yaghhe; sawya.
health, n, yehes (m); ehes (m, RLC); good health!
cheers!, phr, yehes da!; ehes! (RLC).
healthy, adj, (not ill) yagh; (health-giving) yahus.
heap, n, bern (m), bernyow (pl); grahel (f), grahellow
(pl).
hear, vb, klewes; klowes (RLC); hear about, vb phr,
klewes a2; klowes a2 (RLC); hear from someone, vb
phr, klewes gans; klowes gen (RLC).
heart, n, kolon (f), kolonnow (pl); heart attack, n,
powes an golon (m); shora kolon (m).
heat, I n, tes (m), tomder (m); II vb, tesa; tommhe;
tobmhe (RLC).
heath, n, kekesow (coll).
heather, n, grug (m), grugow (pl).
heating, n, tommheans (m); tobmheans (m, RLC).
heaven, n, nev (m), nevow (pl).
heavy, adj, poos.
hedge, n, ke (m), keow (pl); (low or broken down
hedge) gorge (m), gorgeow (pl).
hedgehog, n, sort (m), sortes (pl).
heed, I n, fors; preder; II vb, kola orth; bos war; take
heed!, phr, kemmer with! (sg)/kemerewgh with!
(pl); kebmer with! (sg, RLC)/kemerowgh with! (pl,
RLC).
heel, n, seudhel (m), seudhelyow (pl).
height, n, uhelder; (high place) ardh (m), ardhow (pl).
heir, n, er (m), erys (pl).
held, adj, synsys; senjys (RLC).
helicopter, n, tro askel (f), troyow askel (pl).
hell, n, yfarn (m), yfarnow (pl); a hell of a noise, phr,
tros yfarnek.
hello! int, hou! yow!
helmet, n, basnet (m), basnettys (pl).
helter skelter, n, tour korslynk (m), touryow korslynk
(pl).
help, I n, gweres (m); II vb, gweres; help me!, phr,
gweres vy! (sg)/gweresewgh vy! (pl); help yourself!,
phr, tann dhis dha honan!
helpful, adj, heweres.
helpless, adj, diweres.
hemp, n, kewarhen (f), kewargh (coll); kowarhen (f,
RLC), kowar (coll, RLC).
hen, n, yar (f), yer; hen-house, n, yerji (m), yerjiow
(pl).
hence, adv, (from here), ahanan; alemma; alebma
(RLC).
her, prn, hy3; of her, prp prn, anedhi; to her, prp prn,
dhedhi; with her, prp prn, gensi.
herb, n, losowen (f), losow (coll).
here, adv, omma; obma (RLC); from here, adv, alemma;

alebma (RLC); here is, phr, otta; ottomma; ottobma

(RLC).
herring, n, hernen wynn (f), hern gwynn (coll); henen
wydn (f, RLC), hern gwydn (coll, RLC).
herself, prn, hy honan.
hesitate, vb, hockya.
hesitation, n, hockyans (m), hockyansow (pl).
heterosexual, adj, kenreydhek.
hi!, int, hou! yow!
hidden, adj, kudh.
hide, I n, (skin) krohen (f), krehyn (pl); II vb, (h.
something) kudha ; (h. oneself) omgudha.
hideous, adj, hager {Hager precedes the noun.}
hideout, n, kovva (f), kovvaow (pl); kudhva (f, RMC),
kudhvaow (pl, RMC).
high, adj, uhel; high jump, vb, ughlamma; ughlebmel
(RLC); high place, n, ardh (m), ardhow (pl).
higher, adj, gwartha.
highlight, vb, golowboyntya.
hill, n, bre (f), breow (pl); bronn (m), bronnow (pl);
brodn (m, RLC), brodnow (pl, RLC); (big hill)
menydh (m), menedh (m, RLC), menydhyow (pl).
{In place-names often mena.}
hillside, n, run (f), runyow (pl).
him, prn, ev; of him, prp prn, anodho; to him, prp prn,
dhodho; with him, prp prn, ganso; ganjo (RLC).
himself, prn, y honan.
hinder, vb, lettya.
hint, n, hynt (m), hyntys (pl).
hip, n, klun (f), klunyow (pl), diwglun (dl).
hippopotamus, n, dowrvargh (m), dowrvergh (pl).
his, prn, y2.
hiss, vb, tythya; sia.
hit, I n, skwat (m), skwattow (pl); II vb, gweskel;
skwatya; skwatcha (RLC).
hitherto, adv, bys dhen eur ma; kyns lemmyn; kens
lebmyn (RLC).
history, n, istori (m).
hobby, n, hobi (m), hobis (pl).
hobby-horse, n, hobihors (m), hobihorsys (pl); (Obby
Oss) Penn Glas (m); Pedn Glas (m, RLC).
hoe, n, kravel (f), kravellow (pl); (pick) pigel (f),
pigellow (pl).
hog, n, hogh (m), hohes (pl); torgh (m), torhes (pl).
hogweed, n, evoren (f), evor (coll); losowen vogh (f),
losow mogh (coll).
hold, vb, synsi; senji (RLC).
hole, n, toll (m), tell (pl).
holed (perforated), adj, tollek; tellys.
holiday, n, dygol (m), dygolyow (pl); degol (m, RLC),
degolyow (pl, RLC).
hollow, I adj, kow; II n, kew (f), kewyow (pl); kow (f,
RLC), kowyow (pl, RLC).
holy, adj, sans; the Holy Spirit, n phr, an Spyrys Sans
(m).
home, n, tre (f), trevow (pl); at home, adv, tre; yn chi;
en chei (RLC); from home, adv, a-dre; go home, vb
21

phr, mos tre; old peoples home, n, annedh tus koth

(f), adnedh tus koth (f, RLC), anedhow tus koth (pl).
homely, adj, sempel; diflows.
homesick, adj, hirethek.
homewards, adv, dhe-dre.
homework, n, ober tre (m), oberow tre (pl).
homily, n, pregoth (m), pregothow (pl).
homosexual, adj, kethreydhel.
honest, adj, onest.
honesty, n, onester.
honey, n, mel (m).
honour, I n, enor (m), enorys (pl); onour (m, RLC)
onours (pl, RLC); II vb, enora.
hook, n, higen (f), higennow (pl); bagh (f), bahow (pl).
hoop, n, kylgh (m), kylghyow (pl).
hoop-la, n, kylhigow (pl).
hope, n, govenek (m), govenegow (pl).
hope, vb, gwaytyas; I hope, vb phr, yma govenek
dhymm; ma govenek dhybm (RLC); govenek am
beus {all followed by may5 + subjunctive}.
horizon, n, gorwel (m), gorwelyow (pl).
horizontal, adj, gorwelyek.
horn, n, korn (m), kern (pl), dewgorn (dl).
horrible, adj, euthyk; ithik (RLC).
horror, n, euth (m); browagh (m).
horse, n, margh (m), mergh (pl); to horse jump, vb,
lamma margh; lebmel margh (RLC); horse racing, n,
resek margh.
hosepipe, n, piben dhowr (f), pibennow dowr (pl),
pibednow dowr (pl, RLC).
hospital, n, klavji (m), klavjiow (pl); kloaji (m, RLC),
kloajiow (pl, RLC).
host, n, ost (m), ostys (pl).
hostess, n, ostes (f), ostesow (pl); air hostess, n, ostes
ayr (f), ostesow ayr (pl).
hot, adj, pooth; (warm) tomm; tobm (RLC); (extremely
hot; blazing) bros; hot chocolate, n, choklet tomm;
choklet tobm (RLC).
hotel, n, ostel (m), ostelyow (pl).
hound, n, (hunting) helgi (m), helgeun (pl); (racing)
reski (m), reskeun (pl); (abusive) hond (m), hons
(pl).
hour, n, (oclock) eur (f), euryow (pl); (duration) our
(m), ourys (pl); within an hour, phr, a-ji dhe our; ajei dhe our (RLC).
house, n, chi (m), chiow (pl); chei (m, RLC), treven (pl,
RLC); detached house, n phr, chi unnik (m), chiow
unnik (pl); chei udnik (m, RLC), treven udnik (pl,
RLC); semi-detached house, n phr, gevelji (m),
geveljiow (pl); full house (poker), n phr, gwariji
leun; dornas leun.
household, n, meni (m), meniow (pl).
how, I conj, del2; II int, ass, assa; fatel2; fatla; how fine
the weather is, phr, ass yw brav an gewer; how nice
of you! phr, ass os ta kuv! how are you?, phr, fatla
genes (sg)/ fatla genowgh (pl)?; fatel erowgh hwei
kul? (RLC); how come, phr, prag; how many, phr, py

lies; pes (+ sg noun); pyseul; peseul (RLC); how

many times, phr, peskweyth; how much, phr,
pygemmys; pegebmys (RLC); how often, phr, py lies
termyn; pana lies gweyth (RLC).
however, adv, byttegyns; bettegens (RLC).
howl, vb, oulya.
hug, I n, byrlans (m), byrlansow (pl); II vb, byrla.
huge, adj, bras dres ehen; euthyk bras; hujes [hwz]
(RLC).
human, n, den (m), tus (pl).
humankind, n, mab den (m); denses (coll).
humble, adj, uvel.
humour, n, hwarthuster (m).
hundred, card num, kans (m), kansow (pl); a hundred
times, phr, kanskweyth.
Hundred (administrative division), n, keverang (f),
keverangow (pl).
hundredfold, adv, kansplek.
hundredth, n, kansves (m), kansvesow (pl); ord num,
kansves; abbr, 100ves.
hunger, n, nown (m).
hungry, adj, nownek; gwag {lit. empty}; I am hungry,
phr, yma nown dhymm; ma nown dhybm (RLC);
nown am beus; gwag ov vy.
hunt, vb, helhi.
hurry, vb, fistena; hurry up!, phr, fisten! (sg)/
fistenewgh! (pl); I am in a hurry, phr, mall yw
genev.
hurt, vb, I shyndya; pystiga; hurtya; II adj, shyndys.
husband, n, gour (m), gwer (pl).
hush, int, taw! (sg)/tewewgh! (pl); taw tavas!
(sg)/tewewgh tavas! (pl).
hut, n, krow (m), krowyow (pl); (rough or ruined hut)
krellas (m), krellow (pl).
hyperlink, n, gorgevren (f), gorgevrennow (pl),
gorgevrednow (pl, RLC).
hypocritical, adj, fekyl.

I, i
I, prn, my; (enclitic) vy; va; ma; (infixed) m.
ice, n, rew (m); iceberg, n, menydh rew (m),
menydhyow rew (pl); mena rew (m, RLC),
menedhyow rew (pl, RLC); ice cream, n, dehen rew
(m); ice cube, n, kub rew (m), kubow rew (pl); ice
skate, n, skes rew (m), skesyow rew (pl); to ice
skate, vb, skesya war rew.
icon (for a computer programme), n, arwodhik (m),
arwodhigow (pl).
icy, adj, rewgennys; rewgednys (RLC).
idea, n, tybyans (m), tybyansow (pl).
identical, adj, keth.
identity, n, honanieth (f), honaniethow (pl).
idiom, n, (turn of phrase) lavar (m), lavarow (pl).
idiot, n, bobba (m), bobbys (pl); penn bobba (m),
pennow bobba (pl); pedn bobba (m, RLC), pednow
bobba (pl, RLC); skogyn (m), skogynnow (pl),
22

skogydnow (pl, RLC); you goggle-eyed idiot!, phr, ty

penn bobba lagasek!; che pedn bobba lagajek! (RLC).
idle, adj, diek; idle talk, n, flows (m).
if, conj, (before consonants) mar4; mara4; (before
vowels) mars; maras; (unlikely conditions) a 4;
(negative) mar ny2; if you please, phr, mar pleg.
ignore, vb, sevel orth aswon; skonya aswon.
ignorance, n, fowt dyskans (m), fowtys dyskans (pl);
fowt deskans (m, RLC), fowtys deskans (pl, RLC).
ill, adj, (sick) klav; kloav (RLC); (bad) drog.
illegal, adj, anlahel; erbynn an laha; erbydn an laha
(RLC).
illness, n, kleves.
illuminate, vb, golowi; (artistically) afina.
illustrate, vb, lymna.
illustration, n, lymnans (m), lymnansow (pl).
image, n, imach (m), imajys (pl); aven (m), avenyow
(pl).
imagine, vb, desevos; koncevi; tybi.
immediate, adj, desempis; tromm; trobm (RLC);
stragth; straft (RLC).
immediately, adv, a-dhesempis; a-dhistowgh; hware;
heb let.
impertinence, n, tonteth (f).
impertinent, adj, tont.
impolite, adj, diskortes.
import, vb, ymperthi.
importance, n, poos (m); les (m).
important, adj, posek; bysi; a vern; its important for
you to go, phr, bysi yw dhis mos.
impossible, adj, na yll bos; anpossybyl.
in, prp, yn; in me, prp, ynnov; in you (sg), prp, ynnos;
in him, prp, ynno; etta (RLC); in her, prp, ynni; in us,
prp, ynnon; in you (pl), prp, ynnowgh; ennowgh
(RLC); in them, prp, ynna, ynnans; ettans (RLC); in
agreement, unver; in front of, prp, a-rag; in place
(of), prp, yn le; in the, prp+art, yn; in three days
time, phr, godreva; in which way, phr, pana vaner.
inbox (e-mail), n, yngist (f), yngistyow (pl).
inch, n, meusva (f), meusvedhi (pl).
incidentally, adv, unnweyth; eneth (RLC).
incompatible, adj, ankesplegadow.
increase, vb, kressya; ynkressya.
increasingly, adv, moy ha moy.
indeed, adv, devri; yn tevri; fest.
independence, n, anserhogeth (f).
independent, adj, anserhek.
index, n, menegva (f), menegvaow (pl).
India, top, Eynda (f).
Indian, adj, eyndek.
indoors, adv, a-bervedh; yn chi; a-ji; a-jei (RLC).
industrious, adj, diwysyk.
industry, n, diwysyans (m), diwysyansow (pl); hwel
ober (m, RLC), hwelyow ober (pl, RLC).
inform, vb, derivas; kedhla.
information, n, kedhlow (pl).
inhabitant, n, anedhyas (m), anedhysi (pl); triger (m),

trigoryon (pl).
injection, n, skityans (m), skityansow (pl).
ink, n, ynk (m).
injure, vb, shyndya.
injury, n, shyndyans (m), shyndyansow (pl); goli (m),
goliow (pl).
inlet, n, logh (m), lohow (pl).
inn, n, tavern (m), tavernyow (pl).
input, vb, ynworra.
insane, adj, muskok; varyes.
insect, n, pryv (m), prev (m, RLC), preves (pl);
hweskeren (f), hwesker (coll).
insert, vb, gorra a-bervedh.
inside, I adv, a-bervedh; a-ji; a-jei (RLC); II prp, abervedh yn; a-ji dhe2; a-jei dhe2 (RLC).
inspect, vb, hwithra; eksamnya.
inspire, vb, aweni; ynspirya.
instant, I adj, desempis; instant coffee, n, koffi
desempis (m); II n, pols (m), polsyow (pl);
prysweyth (m), prysweythyow (pl); instant
message, I n, messach desempis (m), messajys
desempis (pl); II vb, messajya desempis.
instance, n, ensampel (m); gweyth (f); for instance,
phr, rag ensampel.
instantly, adv, kettooth; a-dhesempis.
instead of, phr, yn le.
instigate, vb, sordya.
instrument, n, (means) mayn (m), maynys (pl);
(musical i.) daffar ilow (m).
insular, adj, enesek.
insurance, n, surheans (m).
insure, vb, surhe.
intelligent, adj, pollek; skentel; skiansek; skientek
(RLC).
interest, I n, (concern) bern (m), bernyow (pl); les (m);
(financial) oker (m); II vb, deur (3sg only); it does
not interest me, phr, nym deur; see if it interests
you, phr, mir marath teur.
interesting, adj, dhe les; didheurek; lesek (RLC).
interface, n, ynterfas (m), ynterfassow (pl).
international, adj, keswlasek.
internet, n, kesrosweyth (m).
interrupt, vb, (break off) goderri; (interrupt speech)
kewsel a-dreus; kowsel a-dreus (RLC).
interval (short break), n, powes (m).
interview, n, keswel (m), keswelyow (pl).
interview, vb, kesweles.
into, prp, (a-berth) yn.
introduce, vb, komendya; introduce oneself, vb phr,
omgomendya.
invalid, adj, (false) drog; (incapacitated) klav; kloav
(RLC).
investigate, vb, hwithra.
invite, vb, gelwel.
invitation, n, galow (m), galowyow (pl).
invoice, n, reken (m), reknow (pl).
Ireland, top, Iwerdhon (m); Wordhen (m).
23

Irish, adj, iwerdhonek; wordhenek; Irish language, n,

Godhalek; Iwerdhonek; Wordhenek; Irishman, n,
Godhal (m), Godhyli (pl); Irishwoman, n, Godhales
(f), Godhalesow (pl).
iron, I n, (metal) horn (m); (laundry) hornel (f),
hornellow (pl); II vb, hornella; ironing board, n,
bord hornella (m), bordow hornella (pl).
ironic, adj, ironek.
ironmonger, n, horner (m), hornoryon (pl).
irony, n, gesedh (m), gesedhow (pl).
irregular, adj, direwl; digompes.
irregularity, n, digomposter (m), digomposteryow (pl).
irrelevant, adj, heb bri.
irresponsible, adj, dibreder.
irrigate, vb, dowrhe.
irritate, vb, serri; veksya.
Islam, n, Islam (m).
Islamic, adj, Islamek.
island, n, enys (f), enesow (pl).
Isle of Man, top, Manow (f), Enys Vanow (f).
Isles of Scilly, top, Syllan (f), Enesek Syllan (f).
issue, I n, (publication) dyllans (m), dylansow (pl);
(topic) mater (m), maters (pl); II vb, dyllo.
it, prn, ev (m); va (m); e (m, after imperatives); hi (f);
(object) n (m); s (f).
itch, n, debron (m), debronow (pl); kos (f), kosow (pl);
II vb, debreni; kosa.
item, n, (on a list) poynt (m), poyntys (pl); (thing) tra
(neutr.), taklow (pl), traow (pl).
ivory, n, dans olifans (m).
ivy, n, idhyowen (f), idhyow (coll).

jewel, n, jowel (m), jowelys (pl); tegen (f), tegennow

(pl), tegednow (pl, RLC).
jewellery, coll n, tegennow (pl), tegednow (pl, RLC);
gemweyth (m).
Jewish, adj, yedhowek; edhowek (RLC).
jig, n, (dance) jyg (m), jygyow (pl).
jigsaw, n, gwari mildam (m), gwariow mildam (pl).
job, n, soodh (m), sodhow (pl); oberen (f), oberennow
(pl), oberednow (pl, RLC).
jog, vb, goresek; ponya.
jogger, n, reser (m), resoryon (pl); resores (f),
resoresow (pl).
join, vb, junya; to join forces (with), vb phr, omjunya
(gans).
joint, fn, (body) mell (m), mellow (pl); (meat) kevals
(m), kevalsyow (pl); (cigarette) cigarik kewargh (m),
cigarigow kewargh (pl); porven gowar (f, RLC),
porvens kowar (pl, RLC).
joke, I n, ges (m), gesyow (pl); II vb, gul ges.
joker, n, gesyser (m), gesyoryon (pl).
jolly, adj, lowen; jolif.
jot, n, banna (m), badna (m, RLC), banahow (pl).
journal, n, lyver termyn (m), lyvrow termyn (pl); lever
termyn (m, RLC), levrow termyn (pl, RLC).
journalist, n, jornalyas (m), jornalysi (pl); jornalyades
(f), jornalyadesow (pl).
journey, I n, viaj (m), viajyow (pl), viajys (pl); II vb,
viajya; vajya (RLC).
Jove, name, Jovyn (m).
joy, n, lowena (f); joy (m).
joyful, adj, lowen; lowenek.
judge, I n, breusyas (m), breusysi (pl); breusyades (f),
breusyadesow (pl); justis (m), justisyow (pl); (critic)
barner (m), barnoryon (pl); barnores (f),
barnoresow (pl); II vb, breusi; barna; ri breus war;
rei breus war (RLC).
judgement, n, barn (f), barnyow (pl); breus (f),
breusyow (pl); in my judgement, phr, dhem breus
vy.
judo, n, judo (m).
jug, n, podik (m), podigow (pl).
juggle, vb, jogla.
juggler, n, jogler (m), jogloryon (pl).
juice, n, sugen (m), sugenyow (pl).
juicy, adj, sugnek.
July, n, Gortheren (m); mis Gortheren (m); Gorefen (m,
RLC); mis Gorefen (m, RLC).
jumper (garment), n, gwlanek (m), gwlanogow (pl).
June, n, Metheven (m); Efen (m, RLC); mis Efen (RLC).
jungle, n, gwylgos (m), gwylgosow (pl).
junk (rubbish), n, atal (m); skollyon (pl); tredn (m,
RLC); junk food, n, boos atal (m).
junkie, n, (drug addict) stoffki (m), stoffkeun (pl).
Jupiter, name, Yow (m); Jubyter (m).
just, I adj, ewn; poran; II adv, (only) hepken; just as,
adv, (ke)par del2; (pe)kar del2 (RLC); just as it is,
phr, par del yw; just now, adv, namnygen; I have

J, j
jackass, n, margh asen (m), mergh asen (pl).
jacket, n, jerkyn (m), jerkynnow (pl), jerkyns (pl, RLC).
jagged, adj, densek.
jail, n, prison (m), prisonyow (pl).
jam, n, kyfeyth (m), kyfeythyow (pl).
janitor, n, porther (m), porthoryon (pl); portheres (f),
portheresow (pl).
January, n, Genver (m); mis Genver (m).
jar, n, (vessel) seth (m), sethow (pl); (shock) jag (m),
jagys (pl).
jaundice, n, kleves melyn (m).
Jazz, n, jazz (m).
jealous, adj, gorvynnek; gorvydnek (RLC); avius;
envies; be jealous of someone, vb phr, perthi avi
orth nebonan; bos envies warbydn nebonan (RLC).
jealousy, n, avi (m).
jeans, n, jins (pl); lavrek jin (m), lavrogow jin (pl).
jelly, n, kowlesen (f), kowles (coll).
jellyfish, n, morgowlesen (f), morgowles (coll).
jetty, n, kay (m), kayow (pl).
Jew, n, Yedhow (m), Yedhewon (pl); Edhow (m, RLC),
Edhewon (pl, RLC).
Jewess, n, Yedhowes (f), Yedhowesow (pl).
24

just done it, phr, nowyth gwrys yw genev.

justice, n, (virtue) ewnder (m); (magistrate) justis (m),
justisyow (pl); chief justice, n, pennjustis (m),
pennjustisyow (pl); pednjustis (m, RLC),
pednjustisyow (pl, RLC).
justify, vb, avowa; justifia.

kin, n, neskar (m), neskerens (pl); ehen (f), ehennow

(pl), ehednow (pl, RLC); next of kin, n phr, neshevin
(m & coll).
kind, I adj, hegar; hweg; kuv; kind regards, phr,
gorhemynadow an gwella; II n, (variety) ehen (f);
sort (m); kind of (somewhat), phr, nebes; that kind
of, phr, an par na.
kindergarten, n, skol veythrin (f), skolyow meythrin
(pl).
kindle, vb, dewi; enowi.
kindly, adj, kolonnek; kolodnek (RLC).
kindness, n, kuvder (m).
king, n, myghtern (m), myghternedh (pl); mytern
(m, RLC), myternyow (pl, RLC); king size, phr,
kowrek.
kingdom, n, gwlaskor (f), gwlaskordhow (pl);
ruwvaneth (f), ruwvanethow (pl); United Kingdom,
top, Ruwvaneth Unys (f).
kiosk, n, kiosk (m), kioskys (pl).
kiss, I n, amm (m), ammow (pl); abm (m, RLC), abmow
(pl, RLC); bay (m), bayow (pl); kussyn (m),
kussynnow (pl), kussydnow (pl, RLC); II vb, amma;
abma (RLC); kiss me!, phr, baya; amm dhymm!; abm
dhybm! (RLC).
kit, n, daffar (m).
kitchen, n, kegin (f), keginow (pl); kitchen dresser, n,
lestrier (m), lestrieryow (pl).
kite, n, sarf neyja (f), serf neyja (pl).
kitten, n, kathik (f), kathigow (pl).
knead, vb, tosa.
knee, n, glin (m), glinyow (pl), dewlin (dl), dowlin (dl,
RLC); knee cap, n, padel benn glin (f); padellow
penn glin (pl); padel bedn glin (f, RLC), padellow
pedn glin (pl, RLC).
kneel, phr, mos war benn dewlin; mos war bedn
dowlin (RLC).
knife, n, kollel (f), kellyl (pl), kelylli (pl).
knight, n, marhek (m), marhogyon (pl).
knit, vb, gwia; to knit ones brows, phr, plegya tal.
knitwear, n, dillas gwia (coll).
knob, n, klopen (m), klopennow (pl), klopednow (pl,
RLC); talben (m), talbennow (pl).
knock, I n, bonk (m), bonkys (pl); knouk (m); knoukys
(pl); knock out competition, n phr, kesstrif dilea (m);
kesstrifow dilea (pl); II vb, knoukya.
knocker (mine spirit), n, knoukyer (m), knoukyers (pl).
knot, I n, kolm (m), kolmow (pl); kolmen (f),
kolmennow (pl), kolmednow (pl, RLC); II vb, kelmi.
know, vb, (persons and places) aswon; aswonvos; ajon
(RLC); (facts and skills) godhvos; goffos (RLC); to
know about, vb phr, godhvos a2; as you know, phr,
del wodhes; know-how, n, gallos.
knowledge, n, skians (m), skiansow (pl).
known, adj, aswonys; godhvedhys; well known, phr,
gerys da.
knuckle, n, mell dorn (m), mellow dorn (pl).

K, k
kale, n, kowlen (f), kowl (coll).
kangaroo, n, kangarou (m), kangarous (pl).
karate, n, karate (m).
kayak, n, kayak (m), kayakys (pl), kayagow (pl).
keel, n, keyn (m), keynow (pl).
keen, adj, (sharp) lymm; lebm (RLC); (eager) mall;
hwansek; I am keen, phr, mall yw genev.
keep, I n, (castle) tour (m), touryow (pl); II vb, gwitha;
synsi; senji (RLC); keep a promise, vb phr, kewera;
keep in touch, vb phr, kestava; keep oneself, vb phr,
omwitha; keep up, vb phr, kesstrivya; keep your
mouth shut!, phr, syns dha glap!
keeper, n, gwithyas (m), gwithysi (pl).
keepsake, n, kovro (m), kovrohow (pl).
kelp, n, gommon (coll), gobmon (coll, RLC).
kennel, n, kiji (m), kijiow (pl); keunji (m), keunjiow
(pl); keunva (m), keunvaow (pl).
kernel, n, sprusen (f), sprusennow (pl), sprusednow
(pl, RLC), sprus (coll).
kettle, n, kalter (f), kaltoryow (pl); tekel (m, RLC),
tekels (pl, RLC); (open kettle, cooking vessel) chek
(m), chekys (pl); tea kettle, n, chek te (m), chekys te
(pl); to put the kettle on, phr, gorra an galter dhe
vryjyon.
kettleful, n, chekas (m), chekesow (pl).
key, n, (lock) alhwedh (m), alhwedhow (pl); (typing)
alhwedhen (f), alhwedhennow (pl), alhwedednow
(pl, RLC).
keyword, n, ger alhwedh (m), geryow alhwedh (pl).
keyboard (typing), n, bysowek (f), bysowegi (pl).
kick, I n, pot (m), potow (pl); II vb, potya.
kid, I n, (child) flogh (m), flehes (pl); (goat) mynnen (f),
mynn (coll); II vb, tolla; are you kidding; phr; esta
ow kul ges?
kidnap, I n, argibyans (m), argibyansow (pl);
denladrans (m), denladransow (pl); II vb, argibya;
denladra.
kidney, n, loneth (f), lonethi (pl); steak and kidney pie,
n phr, hogen vewin ha loneth (f).
kill, vb, ladha.
killer, n, ladher (m), ladhoryon (pl).
kilobyte (KB), n, kilobayt (m), kilobaytys (pl); abbr, KB.
kilogramme, n, kilogram (m), kilogrammow (pl); abbr,
kg.
kilometre, n, kilometer (m), kilometrow (pl); abbr, km.
kilt, n, losten albanek (f), lostennow albanek (pl),
lostednow albanek (pl, RLC); losten vrith (f),
lostennow brith (pl).
25

(m), ledyoryon (pl).

leaf, n, (of plants) delen (f), delyow (pl), del (coll);
(page) folen (f), folennow (pl), folednow (pl ,RLC);
(paper) lyven (f), lyvennow (pl), lyvednow (RLC).
leak, I n, dowrfols (m), dowrfolsyow (pl); II vb, dyllo
dowr; divera.
leap, I n, lamm (m), lammow (pl); labm (m, RLC),
labmow (pl, RLC); II vb, lamma; lemmel; lebmel
(RLC).
learn, vb, dyski; deski (RLC); learn from someone, phr,
dyski gans nebonan; deski gen nebonan (RLC).
least, sup, lyha; at least, adv, dhen lyha.
leave, vb, gasa {transitive}; (depart) diberth.
leek, n, poren (f), por (coll).
left, adj (opposite of right) kledh; on the left (of), phr,
a-gledh (dhe2); left-handed, adj, kledhek;
(remaining) gesys; gerys (RLC).
leg, n, garr (f), garrow (pl), diwar (dl).
legend, n, henhwedhel (m), henhwedhlow (pl).
lemon, n, lymmaval (m), lymmavalow (pl); lemon
curd, n, kowles lymmaval (coll).
lend, vb, lendya.
length, n, hirder (m); hys (m); hes (m, RLC); at length,
adv, a-hys; a-hes (RLC); of equal length, adj, kehys;
kehes (RLC).
lengthen, vb, hirhe.
lens, n, gwedrik (m), gwedrigow (pl); lens (f), lensow
(pl); contact lens, n, gwedrik kestav (m), gwedrigow
kestav (pl).
Lent, n, Korawys (m).
leopard, n, lewpard (m), lewpardes (pl).
less, adj, adv, prn, le.
lesser, cmp, le.
lesson, n, dyskans (m), dyskansow (pl); kentel (m),
kentelyow (pl) {Note: In traditional Cornish, 'kentel'
means 'occasion'}.
lest, conj, dout; rag own; take care lest you fall (mind
you dont fall), phr, kemmer with dout ty dhe
godha!
let, vb, gasa; gara (RLC).
letter, n, (epistle) lyther (m), lytherow (pl); lether (m,
RLC), letherow (m, RLC); (symbol) lytheren (f),
lytherennow (pl), lytherednow (pl, RLC).
letterbox, n, kist lyther (f), kist lether (f, RLC); kistyow
lyther (pl), kistyow lether (pl, RLC).
lettuce, n, letusen (f), letus (pl).
level, I adj, kompes; leven; be level with, phr, bos
kompes gans; II vb, komposa; levenhe.
lexicon, n, gerlyver (m), gerlyvrow (pl); gerlever (m,
RLC), gerlevrow (pl, RLC).
liar, n, gowek (m), gowogyon (pl).
liberal, I adj (generous) hel; II adj (tolerant) livrel;
Liberal Democatic Party, n phr, Parti Livrel Gwerinel
(m); the LibDems, n, an re LivWer (pl).
liberty, n, frankedh (m), rydhsys (m).
library, n, lyverva (f), lyvervaow (pl).
licence, n, kummyas (m), kubmyas (m, RLC),

L, l
label, n, label (m), labelyow (pl).
labour, n, hwel (m), hwelyow (pl); lavur (m); Labour
Party, n phr, Parti Lavur (m).
lace, n, las (m), lasow (pl).
lack, n, fowt (m), fowtys (pl).
ladder, n, skeul (f), skeulyow (pl).
lady, n, arlodhes (f), arlodhesow (pl).
ladybird, n, buhik Dhuw (f), buhesigow Duw (pl).
lake, n, lynn (f), lynnyn (pl); lydn (f, RLC), lydnow (pl,
RLC).
lamb, n, on (m), eyn (pl).
lame, adj, kloppek.
lamp, n, lugarn (m), lugern (pl); lamp-post, n,
golowbren (m), golowbrennyer (pl), golowbrednyer
(pl, RLC).
land, I n, tir (m), tiryow (pl); (region) bro (f), broyow
(pl); (nation) gwlas (f), gwlasow (pl); (country) pow
(m), powyow (pl); Lands End, top, Penn an Wlas
(m); Pedn an Wlas (m, RLC); II vb, tira.
landlady, n, ostes (f), ostesow (pl).
landlord, n, ost (m), ostys (pl).
lane, n, bownder (f), bownderyow (pl).
language, n, taves (m), tavas (m), tavosow (pl); yeth (f),
yethow (pl).
lantern, n, lugarn (m), lugern (pl).
laptop (computer), n, barrlennel (f), barrlenellow (pl);
laptop (m, RLC), laptops (pl, RLC).
lard, n, blonek (m).
larder, n, spens (m), spensow (pl).
large, adj, bras; broas (RLC); meur.
last, I superl adj, diwettha; at last, adv, wostiwedh; last
night, adv, nyhewer; last year, adv, warlena;
warleni; II vb, pesya; durya.
lasting (durable), adj, duryadow.
late, I adj, diwedhes; II adv, a-dhiwedhes.
later, adv comp, diwettha; see you later!, phr, dha
weles! (sg)/agas gweles! (pl); an our! (RLC).
launch, vb, lonchya.
laugh, vb, hwerthin.
laughable, n, hwarthus.
laughter, n, hwarth (m).
law, n, laha (f), lahys (pl); court of law, n, breuslys (f),
breuslysyow (pl); kort (f), kortys (pl).
lawn, n, glesin (m), glesinyow (pl); lawn-mower, n,
jynn glesin (m), jynnow glesin (pl)
lay, vb, pottya; (eggs) dedhwi; lay hold of, vb, sesya; lay
low, vb, prosternya; lay hands on, vb, dalhenna;
dalhedna (RLC); lay open, vb, apertya; lay waste, vb,
wastya.
layout, n, aray (m), arayow (pl); delinyans (m),
delinyansow (pl).
lazy, adj, diek.
lead, I n, (for a dog) lesh (m), leshyow (pl); (metal)
plomm (m); plobm (m); II vb, hembronk.
leader, n, hembrenkyas (m), hembrenkysi (pl); ledyer
26

kumyasow (pl); driving licence, n, kummyas lewya

(m); kubmyas lewya (m, RLC).
lie, I n, gow (m), gowyow (pl); to tell a lie, phr,
gowleverel; II vb (lie down) gorwedha.
life, n, bewnans (m), bewnansow (pl); bownans (m,
RLC), bownansow (pl, RLC).
lifeboat, n, skath sawya (f), skathow sawya (pl).
lift, n, (elevator) yskynnel (f), yskynellow (pl); (in a
car) gorrans (m), gorransow (pl); to give a lift, phr,
gorra; ri gorrans; they gave me a lift home, phr, i a
ros dhymm gorrans tre; i am gorras tre.
lift, vb, lyftya; drehevel.
light, adj, skav.
light, I n, golow (m), golowys (pl); traffic lights, n,
golowys traffik (pl); II vb, enowi; kuna.
lightbulb, n, bollen (f), bolennow (pl), bolednow (pl,
RLC).
lighten, vb, golowi.
lighter, n, enowel (f), enowellow (pl); kuner (m),
kunoryon (pl).
lighthouse, n, golowji (m), golowjiow (pl).
lightning, n, luhesen (f), luhes (coll).
like, I adj, haval; hevelep; II prp, avel, kepar ha; pekar
ha (RLC); like that, phr, yndella; like this, phr,
yndelma; III vb, kara; bos da gans; I like, vb phr, da
yw genev; like hell!, phr, malbew damm!
likely, adj, gwirhaval.
liken, vb, heveli.
likewise, adv, keffrys; ynwedh; ywedh (RLC).
lily, n, lilien (f), lili (coll).
limit, n, fin (f), finyow (pl); finweth (f).
limb, n, esel (m), eseli (pl).
limp, vb, kloppya; to walk with a limp, phr, bos
kloppek; kerdhes yn unn gloppya.
limpet, n, brenigen (f), brennik (coll), brednik (coll,
RLC).
line, n, linen (f), linennow (pl), linednow (pl, RLC).
linen, n, linen (f), lin (coll).
link, I n, kevren (f), kevrennow (pl), kevrednow (pl,
RLC); II vb, kevrenna, kevredna (RLC).
lintel, n, penn daras (m), pennow daras (pl); pedn
daras (m, RLC), pednow daras (pl, RLC).
lion, n, lew (m), lewyon (pl); lion cub, n, lewik (m),
lewesigow (pl); lion tamer, n, dover lewyon (m),
dovoryon lewyon (pl).
lioness, n, lewes (f), lewesow (pl).
lip, n, gweus (f), gweusyow (pl), diwweus (dl).
liquid, n, lin (m), linyow (pl); washing-up liquid
(detergent), n, lin sebon (m), linyow sebon (pl).
list, n, rol (f), rolyow (pl).
listen, vb, goslowes; listen to, vb phr, goslowes orth.
lit, adj, (lighted) golowys; enowys; gans golow; gans
tan.
literary, adj, liennek; liednek (RLC).
literature, n, lien (m).
little, I adj, byhan; bian (RLC); bohes; munys; II n, (a
little) nebes (m); III adv, nebes.

litre, n, liter (m), litrow (pl).

live, I adj, (event) yn fyw; yn few (RLC); II vb, (be alive)
bewa; (reside) bos trigys; triga; live together, vb,
kesvewa; he lives in St Ives, phr, yma va trigys yn
Porth Ia; to live at the back of beyond, phr, bos
trigys yn argel.
lively, adj, byw; bew (RLC); bewek; (quick) buan; dyllo.
liveliness, n, bewder (m).
liver, n, avi (m), aviow (pl).
living room, n, esedhva (f), esedhvaow (pl).
lizard, n, pedrevan (f), pedrevanes (pl).
load, I n, karg (m), kargow (pl); II vb, karga; download,
vb, iskarga; upload, vb, ughkarga.
lobster, n, legest (m), legesti (pl).
lock, I n, (on a door) floren (f), florennow (pl),
florednow (pl, RLC); (water) yet dhowr (f), yettys
dowr (pl); II vb, alhwedha.
locker, n, amari (m), amaris (pl).
loft, n, soler (m), soleryow (pl).
log, I n, prenn (m), prennyer (pl); predn (m, RLC),
prednyer (pl, RLC); kyf (m), kyfyow (pl); II vb, log in,
vb phr, omgelmi; log out, vb phr, omdenna; omdedna
(RLC).
lodge, vb, ostya.
London, top, Loundres.
long, adj, hir; pell; long ago, adv, nans yw pell; pell
dhen eur ma.
longing, n, hireth (f).
longstone, n, men hir (m), meyn hir (pl).
look, I n, mir (m); II vb, mires; look at, vb, mires orth;
look for, vb, hwilas; look here!, phr, ottomma!;
ottobma (RLC); look there!, phr, ottena!
loose, adj, lows.
loosen, vb, lewsel; lowsel (RLC).
lord, n, arludh (m), arlydhi (pl); House of Lords, phr,
Chi an Arlydhi.
lorry, n, kert (m), kertow (pl); lorry driver, n, lewyer
kert (m), lewyoryon gert (pl).
lose, vb, kelli.
lot, n, (a lot of) meur a2.
loud, adj, uhel; heglew.
lounge, n, esedhva (f), esedhvaow (pl).
love, I n, kerensa; kerenja (RLC); II vb, kara.
lover, n, karer (m), karoryon (pl); karores (f),
karoresow (pl).
low, adj, down; isel.
lower, I adj, woles; II adv, a-woles; a-is; III vb, iselhe.
luck, n, chons (m); feus (m); bad luck, n, mewl (m);
good luck!, phr, chons da!
luckily, adv, yn gwella prys.
lucky, adj, feusik; fortunnyes; fortudnyes (RC);
gwynnvys; lucky for me!, phr, gwynn ow bys!;
gwydn ow bes! (RLC).
lump, n, bothen (m), bothennow (pl), bothednow (pl,
RLC).
lunch, n, li (f), livyow (pl); (picnic lunch) kroust (m),
kroustyow (pl).
27

lust, n, lust (m), lustys (pl).

-ly, adv part, yn5.

mansion, n, plas (m), plassow (pl).

manual, I adj, (by hand) dre dhorn; II n, (handbook)
kowethlyver (m), kowethlyvrow (pl).
manure, n, teyl (m); mon (m).
Manx, I adj, manowek; II n, (language) Manowek.
many, I adj, lies (before sg. noun); meur a 2 (before pl.
noun); lower a2 (before pl. noun); kals a 2; kalj a2
(RLC); pals (follows a pl. noun); polta (RLC); many a,
phr, lower (+sg. noun); many people, phr, lies huni;
lies den; many times, adv, lieskweyth, lies gweyth; II
prn, lies; as many, adv, keniver; as many as, adv,
kemmys; kebmys (RLC); how many, adv, pes; py lies;
so many, adv, keniver; too many, prn, re.
map, n, mappa (m), mappys (pl), mappow (pl).
marble, n, (stone) marbel (m); (toy) marblen (f),
marblennow (pl), marblednow (pl, RLC); kalesen (f),
kalesennow (pl), kalesednow (pl, RLC); klomer (m),
klomers (pl).
march, I n, (hike) keskerdh (m), keskerdhow (pl); II vb,
keskerdhes.
March, n, Meurth (m); mis Meurth (m).
mare, n, kasek (f), kasegi (pl).
mark, I n, merk (m), merkys (pl); II vb, merkya.
market, n, marhas (f), marhasow (pl), marhajow (pl,
RLC).
marriage, n, demedhyans (m), demedhyansow (pl);
maryach (m), maryajys (pl).
married, adj, demedhys; married couple, n, dewbries
(dl).
maritime, adj, morek; an mor; arvor (RLC).
marry, vb, demedhi; demedha (RLC).
Mars, name, Meurth (m).
marsh, n, hal (f), halow (pl); gwern (f), gwernow (pl);
keunegen (f, RLC), keunegi (pl, RLC).
marvel, n, aneth (m), anethow (pl).
marvellous, adj, marthys; barthek (RLC).
masculine, adj, (male) gourel; (grammar) gorow.
mask, n, mask (m), maskow (pl); visour (m), visours
(pl).
mass, n, (bunch) showr (m); bush (m); masses of, phr,
showr a2; bush a2; (church service) oferen (f),
oferennow (pl), oferednow (pl, RLC).
massacre, n, gorladhva (f), gorladhvaow (pl).
master, n, mester (m), mestrysi (pl), mestryji (pl);
arludh (m), arlydhi (pl).
mat, n, strel (m), strelyow (pl).
match, n, (lucifer) tanbren (m), tanbrennyer (pl),
tanbrednyer (pl, RLC); (sport) fyt (m), fyttys (pl).
mate, n, (spouse) pries (m. or f), dewbries (dl), priosow
(pl); (friend) sos (m), sos (pl); koweth (m), kowetha
(pl); kothman (m), kothmans (pl); (one of a pair)
mata (m), matys (pl).
material, n, daffar (coll); stoff (coll); pyth (m), peth (m,
RLC), pethow (pl); devnydh (m), devnydhyow (pl).
mathematics, n, awgrym (m); mathematik (m).
matter, I n, mater (m), maters (pl); pyth (m), peth (m,
RLC), pethow (pl); II vb, bernya; it doesnt matter,

M, m
machine, n, jynn (m), jynnys (pl), jynnow (pl);
answering machine, n, jynn gorthebi (m), jynnow
gorthebi (pl), jynnys gorthebi (pl); ticket machine,
n, jynn tokyn (m), jynnow tokyn (pl), jynnys tokyn
(pl); washing machine, n, jynn golhi (m), jynnys
golhi (pl), jynnow golhi (pl).
mackerel, n, brithel (m), brithyli (pl); briel (m), brili
(pl).
mad, adj, (insane) fol; gorbollek; muskok; mus (RMC);
go mad, vb phr, muskegi.
madman, n, fol (m), felyon (pl).
madam, n, madama (f); benvas (f); bednvas (f, RLC).
made, adj, gwrys; gwres (RLC).
magazine, n, (periodical) lyver termyn (m), lyvrow
termyn (pl); lever termyn (m, RLC), levrow termyn
(pl, RLC).
magician, n, huder (m), hudoryon (pl).
magpie, n, piesen (f), pies (coll).
maiden, n, moren (f), morenyow (pl).
main, adj, penn; pedn (RLC).
mainland, n, dor bras (m); dor broas (m, RLC); tir meur
(m).
mainly, adv, dre vras.
maintain, vb, menten(y)a.
maize, n, ys hweg (coll); hwegys (coll); kernel of maize,
n phr, ysen hweg (f); hwegysen (f).
majesty, n, meuredh (m); brastereth (f).
make, vb, gul; gwul (RLC); make a plan, vb phr, tewlel
towl; towla (RLC); make amends, vb phr, astiveri;
make haste, vb phr, fistena; make out, vb phr,
attendya; make right, vb phr, amendya; ewna; owna
(RLC); make someone angry, vb phr, serri nebonan;
make him come!, phr, gwra dhodho dos!; make use
of, vb phr, gul devnydh a2.
maker, n, gwrier (m), gwrioryon (pl).
make-up, n, (cosmetics) tremliw (m); kolors (pl).
malicious, adj, drogbrederys.
malt, n, brag (m).
mammal, n, bronnvil (m), bronnviles (pl).
man, n, (human being) den (m), tus (pl); (male) den
(m), denyon (pl); (husband) gour (m), gwer (pl);
(servant), n, gwas (m), gwesyon (pl).
Man, top, (Isle of Man) Manow (f); Enys Vanow (f).
manage, vb, (run) dyghtya; (m. to do) hedhes.
manager, n, dyghtyer (m), dyghtyoryon (pl).
manga, n, (Japanese style comic) manga (m), mangas
(pl).
mango, n, mango (m), mangos (pl).
mankind, n, mab den (m); denses (m).
manly, adj, gourel.
manner, n, maner (f), manerow (pl), maners (pl); fordh
(f), fordhow (pl); for (f, RLC), forow (pl, RLC).
28

phr, ny vern; na fors; it doesnt matter to me, phr,

nym deur; no matter, phr, na fors; whats the
matter?, phr, pandra hwer?
maxim, n, poynt a skians (m), poyntys a skians (pl).
may, vb, re; may you be happy, phr, re bi lowen (sg), re
bowgh lowen (pl); lowena refo (sg), lowena regas
bo (pl); may he never... , phr, bynner re2 ... ; bydner
re2 (RLC); may he never die, phr, bynner re varwo.
May, n, Me (m); mis Me (m); May Day, n, Kala Me (m).
maybe, adv, martesen.
mayor, n, mer (m), meryon (pl).
me, prn, vy; ma (enclitic); of me, prp prn, ahanav; to
me, prp prn, dhymm; dhybm (RLC); with me prn,
prp, genev; genama (RLC).
mead, n, (drink) medh (m).
meadow, n, pras (m), prasow (pl); budhyn (m),
budhynnow (pl), budhydnow (pl, RLC).
meal, n, (repast) boos (m); meal taken to work, n,
kroust (m), kroustyow (pl); meal time, n, prys (m),
presyow (pl); pres (m, RLC), prejyow (pl, RLC).
mean, vb, styrya; menya.
meaning, n, styr (m), styryow (pl); mening (m).
means, n, (method) mayn (m); (funds) pygans (m);
pegans (m, RLC); by means of, prp, der; dre2.
meantime, adv, kettermyn; in the meantime, phr, yn
kettermyn (na); en men termyn (RLC).
meanwhile, adv, yn kettermyn (na); en men termyn
(RLC).
measure, n, (extent) musur (m); tape measure, n,
musurel (f), musurellow (pl).
meat, n, kig (m), kigyow (pl).
mechanic, n, jynnweythor (m), jynnweythoryon (pl);
jynner (m), jynoryon (pl).
medicine,
n,
(medication)
medhegneth
(f),
medhegnethow (pl); (science) medhegieth (f); fysek
(f, RLC).
medium, adj, kresek; kreswedhek.
meet, vb, metya; dos erbynn; dos warbydn (RLC); meet
someone (going the same direction as yourself),
phr, metya gans nebonan; (going in the opposite
direction), phr, metya orth nebonan.
meeting, n, kuntelles (m), kuntelesow (pl); meeting of
bards, n, gorsedh (f), gorsedhow (pl).
megabyte, n, megabayt (m), megabaytys (pl); abbr, MB.
melancholy, n, moredh (m), moredhow (pl).
melon, n, melon (m), melonyow (pl).
melt, vb, teudha; teudhi.
member, n, esel (m), eseli (pl).
memory, n, kov (m), kovyow (pl); in memory of, phr, er
kov; memory stick, n, kyv kov (m), kyvyon kov (pl).
men, n pl, (males) gwer (pl); (people) tus (pl);
(servants) gwesyon (pl).
mend, vb, ewna; owna (RLC).
menhir, n, men hir (m), meyn hir (pl).
menstruation, n, termyn an mis (m); amseryow (pl);
misyow (pl).
mention, I n, kampol (m), kampollow (pl); II vb,

kampol; kampolla; kompla (RLC); tochya.

menu, n, (restaurant) rol voos (f), rolyow boos (pl);
(computer) rol (f), rolyow (pl); menu tree, n,
rolwedhen (f).
merchant, n, marchont (m), marchons (pl); marhador
(m),
marhadoryon
(pl);
marhadores
(f),
marhadoresow (pl); gwikor (m), gwikoryon (pl).
Mercury, name, Merher (m).
mercy, n, tregeredh (f), tregeredhow (pl); merci (m).
merge, vb, kesunya.
merry, adj, lowenek; heudh; meri.
mess, n, strol (m); deray (m); in a mess, phr, yn deray.
message, n, messach (m), messajys (pl); instant
message, I n, messach desempis (m), messajys
desempis (pl); II vb, messajya desempis.
messenger, n, kannas (f), kadnas (f, RLC), kanasow (pl).
metal, n, alkan (m); metol (m).
metre, n, meter (m), metrow (pl).
midday, n, hanter dydh (m); hanter dedh (m, RLC).
middle, n, kres (m); in the middle of, prp, yn mysk; yn
mesk (RLC).
midge, n, gwibesen (f); gwibes (coll).
midnight, n, hanter nos (f).
midst, n, mysk (m); mesk (m, RLC); in the midst of, prp,
yn mysk; en mesk (RLC).
Midsummer, n, Golowan (m).
might, n, gallos (m); nerth (m), nerthyow (pl).
mighty, adj, galosek; galojek (RLC); krev.
mild, adj, (weather) klor.
mile, n, mildir (m), mildiryow (pl).
milk, I n, leth (m); II vb, godra.
Milky Way, n, Hyns Sen Jamys (m); Hens Jamys Sans
(m, RLC).
mill, n, melin (f), melinyow (pl), melidnyow (pl, RLC).
miller, n, meliner (m), melinoryon (pl).
millhouse, n, melinji (m), melinjiow (pl).
millimetre, n, milimeter (m), milimetrow (pl); abbr,
mm.
million, n, milvil2 (m), milvilyow (pl); milyon (m),
milyonow (pl).
mind, n, brys (m); bres (m, RLC); I dont mind, phr, ny
vern dhymm; nym deur; never mind, phr, ny vern;
state of mind, n phr, cher (m).
mine, I prn, ow huni; peth vy (RLC); its mine, phr,
dhymm yw; dhybm ew (RLC); my an pyw (m), my
as pyw (f); II n, bal (m), balyow (pl); mine-waste, n,
atal (coll); mine-working, n, hwel (m), hwelyow (pl);
opencast mine, n, mongleudh (m), mongleudhyow
(pl); coffin mine (excavated on a lode), n, kohyn
(m), kohynnow (pl); koffen (m), koffednow (pl,
RLC).
miner, n, den bal (m), tus bal (pl).
mingle, vb, kemyska.
minister, n, menyster (m), menystrys (pl).
mint, n, (herb) menta (f); (money) batti (m), battiow
(pl); bathva (f), bathvaow (pl).
minus (mathematical operator), prp, marnas.
29

minute, I adj, munys; II n, (time) mynysen (f),

mynysennow (pl), mynysednow (pl, RLC); mynys
(coll); (of meeting) kovnotyans (m), kovnotyansow
(pl).
miracle, n, marthus (m), marthusyon (pl).
mirror, n, gweder (m), gwedrow (pl); gweder mires
(m), gwedrow mires (pl); mirour (m), mirours (pl).
mirth, n, lowender (m).
misdemeanour, n, badober (m), badoberow (pl).
misery, n, anken (m), ankenyow (pl); ponvos (m).
misfortune, n, anfeus (f).
miss, I n, (young woman) damsel (f), damsels (pl); Miss
(title of address), mestres; abbr, Mres (f); II vb, (fail
to hit) fyllel a weskel; miss a train, vb phr, kelli tren;
miss someone, vb phr, yeuni nebonan; bos trist warlergh nebonan; I miss you, phr, ty a fyll dhymm (sg),
hwi a fyll dhymm (pl); che a fyll dhybm (sg, RLC),
hwei a fyll dhybm (RLC).
missing, adj, something is missing, phr, yma fowt a
neppyth; ma fowt a neppeth (RLC); neppyth a fyll;
neppeth a fyll (RLC).
mist, n, niwl (m), niwlow (pl).
mistake, n, kammgemeryans (m), kammgemeryansow
(pl); miskemeryans (m, RLC), miskemeryansow (pl,
RLC).
mistaken, adj, kammdybys; kabmdybys (RLC);
miskemerys (RLC).
mistreat, vb, tebeldyghtya.
mistress, n, (lady of the house) mestres (f), mestresow
(pl); arlodhes (f), arlodhesow (pl); (lover) kares (f),
karesow (pl).
misty, adj, niwlek.
misunderstand, vb, kammgonvedhes; kabmonderstondya (RLC).
mix, vb, kemyska; kabooli.
mixture, n, kemmysk (m); kemyska (m, RLC).
mobile telephone, n, klapkodh (f), klapkodhow (pl);
pellgowsel (f), pellgowsellow (pl).
mock, vb, gesya; mock someone, vb phr, gul ges a2
nebonan.
mockery, n, ges (m); make a mockery of, vb phr, gul ges
a2 .
model, n, (representation) patron (m), patronyow (pl).
modem, n, modem (m), modems (pl).
modern, adj, arnowyth; noweja (RLC).
modest, adj, isel; uvel.
moist, adj, glyb; gleb (RLC).
moisten, vb, glybya; dowrya.
moisture, n, glybor (m).
mole, n, (animal) godh (f), godhow (pl); godhor (f),
godhow dor (pl); (on skin) plustren (f), plustrennow
(pl), plustrednow (pl, RLC); taysh (m, RLC), tayshes
(pl, RLC).
moment, n, pols (m), polsyow (pl), poljyow (pl, RLC);
tecken (f, RLC), teckednow (pl, RLC); at the moment,
phr, yn pols ma.
momentum, n, momentom (m).

monastery, n, managhti (m), managhtiow (pl).

Monday, n, Lun (m); dyLun (m); deLun (m, RLC);
Monday night, n phr, dyLun dhe nos.
money, n, mona (coll); arhans (m); money box, n, argh
vona (f), arhow mona (pl); kofrik erbys (m),
kofrigow erbys (pl).
monk, n, managh (m), menegh (pl).
monkey, n, sim (m), simes (pl).
monster, n, euthvil (m), euthviles (pl); tebelvest (m),
tebelvestes (pl).
month, n, mis (m), misyow (pl).
monthly, adj, misyek; misek.
monument (of stone), n, men kov (m); meyn kov (pl).
mood, n, cher (m); in a bad mood, phr, drog pes; in a
good mood, phr, pes da.
moon, n, loor (f), loryow (pl).
moor, n, (marsh) hal (f), halow (pl); (upland) goon (f),
gonyow (pl).
mop, n, skubel wolhi (f), skubellow golhi (pl).
moped, n, hwil tan (m); hwiles tan (pl).
moral, adj, moral.
more, adv, moy; (not) any more, adv, namoy (with
neg.); more and more, phr, moy ha moy; more or
less, phr, moy po le; more than, phr, moy ages; moy
es; moy avel (RLC); hont dhe2 (RLC); no more, adv,
namoy (with neg.); once more, adv, unnweyth arta;
eneth arta (RLC).
moreover, adv, keffrys; keffres (RLC); hagensoll
(RLC); hagoll (RLC).
morning, n, myttin (m), myttinyow (pl), myttinnow
(pl); mettin (m, RLC), mettidnow (pl, RLC); (duration
of time) myttinweyth (m), myttinweythyow (pl);
good morning, phr, myttin da; mettin da (RLC); in
the morning, adv, myttin; myttinweyth;
boragweyth (RLC); morning star, n, Borlowen (f);
the morning after, phr, ternos vyttin; the next
morning, phr, ternos vyttin; this morning, phr,
hedhyw vyttin; an myttin ma; an mettin ma (RLC);
tomorrow morning, phr, ternos vyttin; yesterday
morning, phr, de vyttin.
mosquito, n, moskito (m), moskitos (pl).
moss, n, kewni (coll).
most, adv, moyha; mogha; for the most part, phr, dre
vras.
moth, n, godhan (m), godhanes (pl).
mother, n, mamm (f), mammow (pl); mabm (f, RLC),
mabmow (pl, RLC); dama (f), damyow (pl);
grandmother, n, mamm wynn (f), mammow gwynn
(pl); mabm wydn (f, RLC), mabmow gwydn (pl, RLC);
dama wydn (f, RLC), damyow gwydn (pl, RLC);
mother-in-law, n, hweger (f), hwegrow (pl).
motocross, n, resek jynn diwros.
motor, n, jynn (m), jynnys (pl), jynnow (pl); motor
racing, n, resek kerri.
motorboat, n, skath tan (f), skathow tan (pl).
motorcar, n, karr tan (m), kerri tan (pl).
motorcycle, n, jynn diwros (m), jynnys diwros (pl),
30

jynnow diwros (pl).

motorway, n, gorfordh (f), gorfordhow (pl); gorfor (f,
RLC), gorforow (pl, RLC).
mould, n, (fungus) kosk (m); (for casting) furv (f),
furvyow (pl), furvow (pl).
mouldy, adj, loos; go mouldy, vb phr, koska; losi.
mound, n, krug (m), krugow (pl); bern (m), bernow
(pl).
mount, vb, yskynna; krambla.
mountain, n, menydh (m), menedh (m, RLC),
menydhyow (pl). {Note: RLC form often reduced to
mena in place-names.}
mountaineer, n, menedhyer (m), menedhyoryon (pl).
mournful, adj, trist.
mourning, n, kynvan (m).
mouse, n, logosen (f), logos (coll).
moustache, n, minvlew (m).
mouth, n, (part of body) ganow (m), ganowow (pl);
min (m), minyow (pl), minow (pl), minyon (pl); (of a
river) aber (m), aberyow (pl); mouth organ, n,
harmonika (m), harmonikas (pl).
mouthful, n, ganowas (m), ganowasow (pl).
move, vb, (move about) gwaya; movya; move away, vb,
pellhe.
movement, n, movyans (m), movyansow (pl); gwayans
(m), gwayansow (pl); (political) movyans (m),
movyansow (pl).
Mr, n, Mester (m); abbr, Mr.
Mrs, n, Mestres (f); abbr, Mres.
Ms, n, Mestres (f); abbr, Mres.
much, adv, pals (follows a pl. noun); polta; meur a2
(with sg. noun); (not) much, adv, nameur (with
neg.); as much as, adv, kemmys; kebmys (RLC);
kekemmys; kekebmys (RLC); how much (of), adv,
pygemmys; pegebmys (RLC); pyseul a2; peseul a2
(RLC); so much, adv, kemmys; kebmys (RLC); seul;
too much, prn, re (a2); very much, phr, ithik tra
(RLC).
mud, n, leys (m); pri (m); prei (m, RLC).
multiply, vb, lieshe; multiplied by, vb phr, lieshes
gans.
mum, n, (mother) mammik (f), mamigow (pl).
mumps, n, penn sagh (m).
municipality, n, burjestra (f), burjestrevow (pl).
murder, n, moldrans (m), moldransow (pl); murder
(m).
murder, vb, moldra; ladha.
murky, adj, tewal; tewl.
murmur, n, hanas (m), hanasow (pl); hanajen (f, RLC),
hanajednow (pl, RLC).
muscle, n, keheren (f), keher (coll).
muscular, adj, keherek.
museum, n, gwithti (m), gwithtiow (pl).
mushroom, n, skavel gronek (f), skavellow kronek (pl).
music, n, ilow (f); musik (f); instrumental music, n,
menestrouthi (m).
musician, n, ilewydh (m), ilewydhyon (pl).

Muslim, n, Moslem (m), Moslemyon (pl); Moslemes (f),

Moslemesow (f, pl).
mussel, n, mesklen (f), meskel (coll); beslen (f, RLC),
besel (coll, RLC).
must, vb, res; I must ... , phr, res yw dhymm ... ; res ew
dhybm (RLC); my a res ... ; bysi yw dhymm ... ; besi
ew dhybm (RLC); my a dal ... .
mustard, n, kedhow (m); mostard (m, RLC).
mutation, n, treylyans (m), treylyansow (pl).
mute, adj, omlavar; avlavar.
my, pro, ow3; ma3 (RLC; mutation affects p and t only).
myself, prn, ow honan.
mystery, n, kevrin (m), kevrinyow (pl); mysteri (m,
RLC), mysteris (pl, RLC).

N, n
nail, n, (carpentry) kenter (f), kentrow (pl);
(fingernail) ewin (m), ewines (pl);
naked, adj, noth.
name, n, hanow (m), henwyn (pl); in the name of, prp,
a-barth; bar (RLC); put your name down, phr, ri
dha hanow; what is your name?, phr, pyth yw dha
hanow? pandryw dha hanow? py hanow os ta?
name, vb, henwel; kreia (RLC).
named, adj, henwys; kreiys (RLC).
nanny, n, magores (f), magoresow (pl).
nap, n, gogosk (m), gogoskow (pl).
napkin, n, lien diwla (m), lienyow diwla (pl); kwethyn
(m), kwethynnow (pl).
nappy, n, lien baban (m), lienyow baban (pl); lysten (f),
lystennow (pl).
narrow, adj, kul; ynn; ydn (RLC).
nation, n, kenedhel (f), kenedhlow (pl); nacyon (m),
nacyons (pl).
national, adj, kenedhlek.
native, I adj, genesik; genejik (RLC); (indigenous)
teythyek; II n, genesik (m), genesigyon (pl); (local)
teythyek (m), teythyogyon (pl); native to Cornwall,
phr, a2 Gernow; native speaker, n phr, kowser a
vyhan (n), kowsoryon a vyhan (pl).
natural, adj, naturel; gnasek.
nature, n, (natural world) natur (f); (personality) gnas
(f), gnasow (pl); (human nature) natureth (f).
naughty, adj, drog.
near, adj, ogas; nearer, cmp, nes; nearest, sup, nessa;
near at hand, phr, dhe dhorn (RLC); near to, prp,
ogas dhe2; ryb; reb (RLC).
nearby, adv, yn ogas; dhe dhorn.
nearly, adv, namna, namnag (with vb.); ogas (with
adj.); ogas ha (with n.); ogasti; ogatti; pur ogas
(RLC).
necessary, adj, res; absolutely necessary, phr, res
porres; if necessary, phr, mars yw res, mar po res; it
is necessary, phr, res yw.
necessity, n, odhom (m), odhommow (pl), odhobmow
(pl, RLC); edhom (m, RMC), edhommow (pl, RMC);
31

of necessity, adv, porres.

neck, n, konna (m), kodna (m, RLC), konaow (pl).
necklace, n, delk (m), delkow (pl).
necktie, n, kolm konna (m), kolmow konna (pl); kolm
kodna (m, RLC), kolmow kodna (pl, RLC).
need, n, odhom (m), odhommow (pl), odhobmow (pl,
RLC); edhom (m, RMC), edhommow (pl, RMC); I
need (something), phr, odhom/edhom am beus a2
(neppyth); I need to ..., phr, res yw dhymm ...; res
ew dhybm; my a res ...; bysi yw dhymm ...; besi ew
dhybm (RLC).
needle, n, naswydh (f), naswedhow (pl); najedh (f,
RLC), najedhow (pl, RLC).
needy, adj, odhommek; odhobmek (RLC); edhommek
(RMC); needy person, n, odhommek (m), odhobmek
(m, RLC), odhomogyon (pl); edhommek (m, RMC),
edhomogyon (pl, RMC).
neighbour, n, kentrevek (m), kentrevogyon (pl);
kentrevoges (f), kentrevogesow (pl).
neither, prn, naneyl; neither ... nor ..., phr, na na ;
naneyl ... na ... .
nephew, n, noy (m), noyens (pl).
nerve, n, nerven (f), nervennow (pl), nervednow (pl,
RLC).
nervous, adj, nervus.
nest, n, neyth (m), neythow (pl).
net, n, roos (f), rosow (pl).
netbook, n, (portable computer) roslyver (m),
roslyvrow (pl).
Netherlands, top, Iseldiryow (pl).
nettle, n, linasen (f), linas (coll).
network, n, rosweyth (m), rosweythyow (pl).
never, adv, (in the past), bythkweth (with neg.);
byskath (RLC, with neg.); (in the pres. or future)
nevra (with neg.); (any time) jammes; (negative
optative) bynner; bydner (RLC); may he never do ...,
phr, bynner re wrello ...; never mind, phr, ny vern.
nevermore, adv, nevra namoy (with neg.).
nevertheless, adv, byttegyns; bettegens (RLC).
new, adj, nowyth.
newly, adv, nowyth.
news, n, nowodhow (pl); news about, n phr, nowodhow
orth.
newsletter, n, lyther nowodhow (m), lytherow
nowodhow (pl); lether nowodhow (m, RLC),
letherow nowodhow (pl, RLC).
newspaper, n, paper nowodhow (m), paperyow
nowodhow (pl).
newt, n, pedrevan (f); pedrevannes (pl); peswarpaw
(m), peswarpawes (pl); pajarpaw (m, RLC),
pajarpawes (pl, RLC).
next, adj, nessa; next to, prp, nes dhe2; ryb; reb (RLC);
the next day, adv, ternos; the next morning, phr,
ternos vyttin; nessa mettin (RLC); next door, phr,
yn nessa chi; en nessa chei (RLC).
nice, adj, hweg.
niece, n, nith (f), nithow (pl); noyth (f, RLC), noythes

(pl, RLC).
night, n, nos (f), nosow (pl); (duration), n, nosweyth
(m), nosweythyow (pl); at night, adv, nosweyth; in
the night, phr, yn termyn an nos; last night, adv,
nyhewer; tonight, adv, haneth; just before night
falls, phr, haneth dhe nos.
nightclub, n, klub nos (m), klubbys nos (pl); kist nos
(f), kistyow nos (pl).
nightdress, n, pows nos (f), powsyow nos (pl).
nightjar, n, (bird) churra nos (m), churrys nos (pl);
dorhok (m, RLC), dorhokys (pl, RLC).
nightmare, n, hulla (m), hulevow (pl); hunlev (m,
RMC), hunlevow (pl, RMC).
nightshirt, n, krys nos (m), krysyow nos (pl).
nil, n, mann (m).
nimble, adj, skav.
nine, num, naw.
nineteen, card num, nownsek; nownjek (RLC).
nineteenth, ord num, nownsegves; nownjegves (RLC);
abbr, 19ves.
ninetieth, ord num, degves ha peswar-ugens; degves ha
pajar-ugens (RLC); abbr, 90ves.
ninety, card num, deg ha peswar-ugens; deg ha pajarugens (RLC).
ninth, ord num, nawves; nawhes (RLC); abbr, 9ves.
no, int, na; (emphatic) nantei (RLC); (negative answer
to a question) na2 (+Verb); no longer, adv, na fella
(with neg.); no matter, phr, na fors; no more, adv,
namoy (with neg.); no smoking, phr, megi difennys;
no-one, prn, nagonan (with neg.); den vyth (m,with
neg.); den veth (RLC). {Note: In RMC, yes as an answer
to yes/no questions is usually expressed by repeating the
verb in the question.}
noble, adj, nobyl; bryntin; brentin (RLC); pednsyvik
(RLC).
nobody, prn, den vyth (m, with neg.); den veth (RLC).
noise, n, tros (m), trosyow (pl); son (m), sonyow (pl).
none, prn, nagonan (with neg.); den vyth (m, with
neg.); den veth (RLC).
nonetheless, adv, byttele.
noon, n, hanter dydh (m); hanter dedh (m, RLC).
nor, conj, na (before consonants), nag (before vowels).
normal, adj, normal.
north, n, north (m); noor (m, RLC); kledh (m);
kledhbarth (m); north-east, n, north-est (m); northwest, n, north-west (m).
nose, n, tron (m), tronyow (pl); frigow (pl. used as sg.;
RLC).
nostalgia, n, hireth (f).
not, ptl, ny2, nyns (used in most main clauses); na 2, nag
(used in RMC with imperatives and in relative
clauses; used in RLC with all types of clauses); not at
all, phr, vytholl (with neg.); not far, phr, neppell;
not one, prn, nagonan (with neg.); not yet, phr, na
hwath (with neg.); that ... not, conj, na, nag.
notable, adj, notyes, notys; nosedhek; nojejek (RLC).
note, I n, noten (f), notennow (pl), notednow (pl, RLC);
32

take note of, vb phr, bydh avisys a2 (sg), bedhewgh

avisys a2 (pl); bedh avisyes a2 (sg, RLC), bedhowgh
avisyes a2 (pl, RLC); II vb, notya; (be aware of)
attendya; (notice) merkya.
notebook, n, lyver notennow (m), lyvrow notennow
(pl); lever notednow (m, RLC), levrow notednow (pl,
RLC); skriflyver (m), skriflyvrow (pl); skriflever (m),
skriflevrow (pl); skriflever (m, RLC), skriflevrow (pl,
RLC).
nothing, prn, mann (m, with neg.); tra vyth (m, with
neg.); tra veth (RLC).
notice, I n, (advertisement) argemmyn (m),
argemynnow (pl); argebmyn (m, RLC), argemydnow
(pl, RLC); takes no notice (of), phr, ny wra vri (orth);
II vb, merkya.
notion, n, (idea) tybyans (m), tybyansow (pl); sians (m,
RLC), siansow (pl, RLC).
noun, n, hanow (m), henwyn (pl).
nourish, vb, maga.
novel, I adj, nowyth; II n, romans (m), romansow (pl);
novel (m), novelys (pl).
November, n, Du (m); mis Du (m).
now, adv, lemmyn; lebmyn (RLC); yn eur ma; it is
now ... (ago), ptl, nans yw ...; nany yw (RLC); now
and again, adv, treweythyow; terweythyow (RLC);
now and then, adv, treweythyow; terweythyow
(RLC); up till now, phr, bys yn eur ma; bet en eur
ma (RLC).
nowhere, adv, tyller vyth (with neg.); teller veth (RLC).
nude, adj, noth.
nuisance (thing) pla (m), plaow (pl); (person), n, mab
an pla (m); myrgh an pla (f); begel (m, RLC),
begelyow (pl, RLC).
number, n, niver (m), niverow (pl); nomber (m),
nombers (pl); myns (m); mens (m, RLC); telephone
number, n, niver pellgowser (m), niverow
pellgowser (pl); niver fon (m, RLC); niverow fon (pl,
RLC).
numeral, n, niveren (f), niverennow (pl), niverednow
(pl, RLC).
numerous, adj, niverus; pals (follows a pl. noun); lies.
nurse, n, klavjior (m), klavjioryon (pl); klavjiores (f),
klavjioresow (pl).
nursery school, n, skol veythrin (f), skolyow meythrin
(pl).
nut, n, knowen (f), knofen (f, RLC), know (coll); peanut,
n, knowen dor (f), knofen dor (f, RLC), know dor
(coll); walnut, n, knowen Frynk (f), knofen Frenk (f,
RLC), know Frynk (coll).

oar, n, rev (f), revow (pl).

obey, vb, obaya.
object, n, (thing) tra (n), taklow (pl), traow (pl); (goal)
medras (m).
obscure, adj, tewl.
observe, vb, mires (orth).
obtain, vb, kavos; obtaynya.
obvious, adj, apert; hewel.
occasion, n, treveth (f), trevethow (pl); gweyth (f),
gweythyow (pl); prys (m), pres (m, RLC), presyow
(pl); kentel (m), kentelyow (pl).
occasional, adj, treweythus.
occasionally, adv, treweythyow; terweythyow (RLC).
occur, vb, hwarvos.
ocean, n, keynvor (m), keynvoryow (pl).
October, n, Hedra (m); mis Hedra (m).
octopus, n, kollel lesa (f), kelylli lesa (pl).
odd, adj, (strange) koynt; (number) dibarow.
of, prp, a2; of course, phr, heb mar; of late, adv, agynsow; a-gensow (RLC).
of that kind, phr, an par na; of this kind, phr, an par
ma; by means of, prp, der; for the purpose of, prp,
rag; for the sake of, conj, awos; wos (RLC); rag
kerensa; rag kerenja (RLC); in memory of, phr, er
kov; er ko (RLC); in place of, phr, yn le; in spite of,
conj, awos; wos (RLC); spit dhe 2; in the middle of,
prp, yn mysk; in the name of, prp, a-barth (dhe2); in
the presence of, prp, a-rag; instead of, phr, yn le; lots
of ..., phr, meur a2 ...; pals ... (follows a pl. noun);
masses of ..., phr, showr a2 ...; bosh a2 ...; on behalf of,
prp, a-barth (dhe2); out of, prp, yn-mes a2.
off, I adj, (switched off) marow; switch off, vb,
skwychya yn farow; skwychya yn-mes; ladha; II prp,
(away) dhe-ves; yn kerdh, ker (RLC); Im off, phr,
voydama.
offend, vb, offendya; (commit a crime) peha; (disgust)
divlasa.
offer, I n, kynnik (m), kynigow (pl); II vb, profya;
kynnik; offra.
offering, n, ro (m), rohow (pl), royow (pl, RLC); (in
church) oferen (f), oferennow (pl).
office, n, (workplace) sodhva (f), sodhvaow (pl); (job)
soodh (f), sodhow (pl); post office, n, lytherva (f),
lythervaow (pl); the Post Office, n, Sodhva an Post
(f).
official, adj, sodhogel.
often, adv, menowgh; yn fenowgh; lieskweyth, lies
gweyth; lower gweyth; as often (as), phr, peskweyth
(may5) (followed by vb.).
oh, int, (vocative) a2 {Does not mutate foreign names.};
(alas) out; agh; ogh; oh dear!, phr, soweth; oh hell!,
phr, jowl!
oil, n, oyl (m), oylys (pl); oil can, n, podik oyl (m),
podigow oyl (pl); oil tanker, n, tanker oyl (m),
tankeryow oyl (pl); olive oil, n, olew (m).
OK, adj, da lowr.
old, adj, koth; hen (precedes a noun, archaic); grow

O, o
O, prt, (vocative particle) a2. {Does not mutate foreign
names.}
oclock, adv, eur (f); er glogh (RLC).
oak, n, derwen (f), derowen (f), derow (coll); dar (m),
deri (pl).
33

old, vb, kothhe.

olive, n, oliven (f), oliv (coll); olive oil, n, olew (m).
omelette, n, omlet (m), omlettow (pl); krampothen (f,
RLC), krampothednow (pl, RLC).
on, I adj, (switched on) byw; bew (RLC); switch on, vb,
skwychya yn fyw; enowi; II adv, (onward) a-rag; rag
(RLC); yn-rag; III prp, war2; yn; en (RLC); on behalf
(of), prp, a-barth (dhe2); on foot, adv, a-droos; on
purpose, adv, a-borpos; on Sunday, adv, Sulgweyth;
on the contrary, phr, yn gorthenep; yn kontrari
part; dhen kontrari; on the bottom, adv, a-woles;
on the left, adv, a-gledh; on the right, adv, adhyhow; on the other hand, phr, yn fordh aral; on
time, adv, a-brys; a-bres (RLC); on top, adv, awartha; come on, phr, deus yn-rag (sg), deun yn-rag
(1pl), dewgh yn-rag (2pl); go on, phr, ke yn-rag (sg),
deun yn-rag (1pl), kewgh yn-rag (2pl).
once, adv, unnweyth; eneth (RLC); once more, adv,
(unnweyth) arta; at once, adv, desempis; hware;
skon.
one, I card num, onan; onen; (before noun) unn; udn
(RLC) {unn/udn lenites a following fem. noun,}; II prn,
onan; onen; huni (used after pub, lies, and kettep);
one of two, prn, eyl; one another, phr, an eyl y gila
(m); an eyl hy ben (f); one another (reciprocal
prefix for verbs), prf, om-; oneself (reflexive prefix
for verbs), prf, om-; another one, phr, onan aral; ken
onan; everyone, prn, peub; pob (RLC); no-one, prn,
nagonan (with neg.); den vyth (m, with neg.); den
veth (RLC); not one, prn, nagonan (with neg.); other
ones, phr, re erel; ken re; that one, prn, henna (m);
honna (f); the one, phr, neb (referring to a person);
an onan; an huni; an eyl (one of two); the one ... the
other (f), phr, an eyl ... y gila (m); an eyl ... hy ben (f);
the ones, phr, an re; the other ones, phr, an re erel;
these ones, phr, an re ma; this one, prn, hemma (m);
homma (f); hebma (m, RLC), hobma (f, RLC); those
ones, phr, an re na.
onion, n, onyonen (f), onyon (coll).
on-line, adj, warlinen.
only, I adj, unn; unnik; udn (RLC); udnik (RLC); the
only book, n phr, an unn lyver; an udn lever (RLC);
only child, n, flogh unnik; flogh udnik (RLC); II adv,
hepken; yn unnik; en udnik (RLC); unnweyth;
eneth (RLC); only two books, phr, marnas dew lyver;
dew lyver yn unnik; if I could only get ..., phr,
unnweyth a kaffen ...; she has only one dog, phr,
nyns eus dhedhi marnas unn ki; nynj eus dhedhi
mas udn kei (RLC).
onward, adv, yn-rag.
open, I adj, ygor; (of land) gwastas; II vb, ygeri; geri
(RLC).
opencast mine, n, mongleudh (m), mongleudhyow
(pl).
openly, adv, apert; openli.
operate, vb, oberi.
operation, n, oberyans (m), oberyansow (pl).

opinion, n, breus (m); brys (m); tybyans (m),

tybyansow (pl); (f), kussulyow (pl); give an opinion,
vb phr, ri breus; rei breus (RLC); hold an opinion, vb
phr, tybi; in my opinion, phr, dhem brys vy.
opportunity, n, spas (m).
oppose, vb, enebi.
opposite, I adj, konter; II prp, a-dal; doal (RLC).
opposition, n, enebieth (f); gorthter (m).
oppress, vb, arwaska; kompressa.
oppression, n, arwask (m).
or, conj, po; bo; either ... or ..., phr, po ... po ...; or else,
conj, poken.
orange, I adj, (colour) rudhvelyn; II n, (fruit) owraval
(m), owravalow (pl).
oration, n, areth (f), arethyow (pl).
orator, n, arethor (m), arethoryon (pl).
orchard, n, avalennek (f), avalenegi (pl), avalenegow
(pl); leur lavalow (m, RLC).
order, I n, (arrangement) aray (m), arayys (pl);
(command) gorhemmyn (m), gorhemynnow (pl);
gorebmen (m, RLC), goremednow (pl, RLC);
arhadow (m), arhadowyow (pl); (organisation) urdh
(f), urdhyow (pl); (purchase) arhadow (m),
arhadowyow (pl); (rank) order (m), orders (pl);
(religious), ordyr (m), ordyrs (pl); in order to, prp,
rag; II vb, (command) gorhemmyn; gorebma (RLC);
komondya; (arrange in order) araya; (request,
purchase) erhi; set in order, vb, kempenna;
kempedna (RLC).
ordinary, adj, kemmyn; kebmyn (RLC); sempel; lies
(RLC).
organ, n, (music) organ (m), organs (pl); mouth organ,
n, harmonika (m), harmonikas (pl).
organisation, n, kowethyans (m), kowethyansow (pl);
(abstract) restr(y)ans (m), restr(y)ansow (pl).
organise, vb, restra; ordena; orna.
origin, n, devedhyans (m), devedhyansow (pl); dalleth
(m), dalla (m, RLC), dalethow (pl).
originate, vb, dalleth.
ostrich, n, strus (m), strusyow (pl).
other, adj, aral (sg), erel (pl); ken (precedes noun);
another, adj, ken (precedes noun); another one, phr,
onan aral; ken onan; each other, phr, an eyl y gila
(m); an eyl hy ben (f); every other day, phr, (every
second day) pub nessa dydh; (every day but today)
pub dydh aral; pub unn jorna; pub udn jorna (RLC);
on the other hand, phr, yn fordh aral; yn kontrari
part; yn barth aral; one another, phr, an eyl y gila
(m); an eyl hy ben (f); the one ... the other (f), phr,
an eyl ... y gila (m); an eyl ... hy ben (f); the other
ones, phr, an re erel.
otherwise, I adv, ken; I cannot do otherwise (than) ...,
phr, ny allav gul ken (es) ...; II conj, poken;
otherwise I will go, phr, poken yth av.
our, prn, agan; gan (RLC).
ourselves, prn, agan honan.
out, adv, yn-mes; mes; a-ves; out of, prp, yn-mes a2; cry
34

out, vb, garma; put out, vb, (expel) gorra yn-mes;

(extend) ystyn; (extinguish) difudhi.
outcome, n, sywyans (m); diwedh (m).
outside, I adj, yn-mes; mes; a-ves; II adv, (looking) warves; look outside, phr, mir war-ves (sg), mirewgh
war-ves (pl); III prp, (location) a-ves (dhe2); yn-mes
(a2); (except for) a-der; a-dar; outside the town, phr,
a-ves dhen dre.
outstanding, adj, meur y vri; dres ehen; pednsyvik
(RLC).
oval, n, hirgylgh (m), hirgylghyow (pl).
oven, n, forn (f), fornow (pl).
over, I adj, (ended) diwedhys; (more than) moy ages;
moy es; moy vel (RLC); hons; II prp, a-ugh; dres;
hons (dhe2); over here, adv, hons obma (RLC); over
there, adv, dres ena; enos; yn-hons; hons ena (RLC);
cross over, vb, treusi; pass over, vb, treusi.
over-, prf, gor-.
overcoat, n, mantel (f), mentylli (pl).
overgrown, adj, gordevys.
overhead, adv, a-vann; a-vadn (RLC).
overseas, adj, tramor.
overthrow, vb, domhwel.
owe, vb, tyli.
owl, n, oula (m), oulys (pl); kowan (f), kowannow (pl),
kowadnow (pl, RLC).
own, vb, pyw; perhenna, perhedna (RLC); my own, phr,
ow honan; my own book, phr, ow lyver ow honan.
owner, n, perhen (m), perhennow (pl), perhednow (pl,
RLC); perhennek (m), perhednek (m, RLC),
perhenogyon (pl).
ox, n, ojyon (m), ohen (pl); (young ox, bullock) lonn
(m), lonnow (pl); lodn (m, RLC), lodnow (pl, RLC).
oyster, n, estren (f), ester (coll).

(artist) lymner (m), lymnoryon (pl).

painting, n, (picture) lymnans (m), lymnansow (pl);
liwyans (m), liwyansow (pl).
pair, n, kopel (m), koplow (pl).
pal, n, sos (m), sos (pl).
palace, n, palys (m), palesyow (pl), palesys (pl).
pale, adj, disliw.
palm, n, (of hand) palv (f), palvow (pl); (tree)
palmwedhen (f), palmwydh (coll), palmwedh (coll,
RLC).
pan, n, padel (f), padellow (pl).
pancake, n, krampothen (f), krampoth (coll).
panda, n, panda (m), pandas (pl).
pane, n, kwarel (m), kwarels (pl).
panel, n, panel (m), panellow (pl).
pang, n, gloos (f), glosow (pl).
pantry, n, talgel (f), talgellow (pl).
pants, n, (underpants) lavrek byhan (m), lavrogow
byhan (pl); islavrek (m), islavrogow (pl).
paper, n, paper (m), paperyow (pl); paper chain, n,
kadon baper (f), kadonyow paper (pl); paper hat, n,
hat paper (m), hattow paper (pl).
parachute, n, lammlen (f), lammlennow (pl),
lammlednow (pl, RLC).
paradise, n, paradhis (f).
parasol, n, howllen (f), howllennow (pl), howllednow
(pl, RLC).
parcel, n, fardel (m), fardellow (pl).
parents, n pl, kerens (pl).
parish, n, pluw (f), pluwyow (pl).
park, I n, park (m), parkow (pl); car park, n, park kerri
(m), parkow kerri (pl); II vb, parkya.
parliament, n, senedh (m), senedhow (pl); Cornish
Stannary Parliament, n phr, Konsel Stenegow
Kernow; member of parliament (MP), n, esel senedh
(m), eseli senedh (pl); abbr, ES.
parrot, n, papynjay (m), papynjays (pl).
parsley, n, persilen (f), persil (coll).
parson, n, pronter (m), pronteryon (pl); person (m),
personys (pl).
part, I n, rann (f), rannow (pl); radn (f, RLC), radnow
(pl, RLC); darn (m), darnow (pl); part (m); for the
most part, phr, dre vras; II vb, (divide) ranna; radna
(RLC); the greater part of, phr, brassa rann a2; brassa
radn a2 (RLC).
participate, vb, kemeres rann; kemeres radn (RLC).
particular, adj, arbennek; arbednek (RLC).
particularly, adv, dres oll; yn arbennek; yn arbednek
(RLC); specyli.
partnership, n, keskowethyans (m), keskowethyansow
(pl).
party, n, (celebration) kevewi (m), kevewiow (pl);
(political) parti (m), partis (pl), partiow (pl).
pass, vb, (pass by) tremena; passya; (pass sth. to sbd.)
ystyn; pass over, vb, treusi; tremena; come to pass,
vb, hwarvos.
passport, n, tremengummyas (m), tremengubmyas (m,

P, p
pace, n, (stride) kamm (m), kammow (pl); kabm (m,
RLC), kabmow (pl, RLC).
package, n, fardel (m), fardellow (pl).
paddle, I n, (for rowing) rev dhewbennek (f), revow
dewbennek (pl); rev debednek (m, RLC), revow
dewbednek (pl, RLC); II vb, (row) revya.
page, n, (of book) folen (f), folennow (pl), folednow (pl,
RLC); (boy) paja (m), pajys (pl).
pain, I n, payn (m), paynys (pl); pon (m), ponyow (pl);
pystik (m), pystigow (pl); II vb, payna, paynya.
painful, adj, tynn; tydn (RLC).
paint, I n, liw (m), liwyow (pl); paynt (m), payntow
(pl), payntys (pl); kolors (pl, RLC); paint box, n,
kisten liwyow (f), kistennow liwyow (pl), kistednow
liwyow (pl, RLC); paint pot, n, pot paynt (m), pottow
paynt (pl); II vb, (a picture) lymna; (a surface)
payntya; liwa; face paint, n, paynt bejeth (m),
payntow bejeth (pl).
paintbrush, n, skubellik (f), skubeligow (pl).
painter, n, (artisan) payntyer (m), payntyoryon (pl);
35

RLC), tremengumyasow (pl); pasport (m),

pasportow (pl).
password, n, ger tremena (m), geryow tremena (pl).
past, adj, passys, passyes; the past, phr, an termyn eus
passys; in the past, phr, seulabrys; seulabres (RLC);
yn termyn eus passys.
pasta, n, pasta (coll).
paste, n, past (m).
pastry, n, (baked pastry), n, hogen (f), hogennow (pl),
hogednow (pl, RLC).
pasty, n, pasti (m), pastiow (pl); hwiogen (f),
hwiogennow (pl); koffen (f, RLC), koffednow (pl,
RLC).
path, n, hyns (m), hens (m, RLC), hensyow (pl).
patience, n, perthyans (m).
patron saint, n, tassans (m), tassens (pl).
pause, I n, powes (m); powesva (f); powesvaow (pl);
hedh (m), hedhow (pl); II vb, powes; hedhi.
pavement, n, kons (m), konsys (pl), konsow (pl).
paw, n, paw (m), pawyow (pl).
pay, I n, gober (m), gobrow (pl); II vb, tyli; pe; pay for,
vb, pe; prena; pay off, vb phr, akwitya.
payment, n, talas (m), talasow (pl).
pea, n, pesen (f), pys (coll), pes (coll, RLC).
peace, n, kres (m).
peach, n, aval gwlanek (m), avalow gwlanek (pl).
peacock, n, payon (m), payones (pl).
peak, n, top (m), toppys (pl).
peanut, n, knowen dor (f), knofen dor (f, RLC), know
dor (coll).
pearl, n, perl (m), perlys (pl).
pear, n, peren (f), per (coll).
pebble, n, kalester (m); bilien (f), bili (coll).
peel, n, kenn (m).
peer, n, (friend) koweth (m), kowetha (pl).
peg, n, (for clothes) ebil (m), ebilyow (pl).
pelican, n, pelikan (m), pelikanes (pl).
pen, n, pluven (f), pluvennow (pl), pluvednow (pl,
RLC).
pence, n pl, dinerow (pl).
pencil, n, pluven blomm (f), pluvennow plomm (pl);
pluven blobm (f, RLC), pluvednow plobm (pl, RLC);
pyncel plomm (m), pyncels plomm (pl); pyncel
plobm (m, RLC), pyncels plobm (pl, RLC).
penguin, n, penn gwynn (m), pennow gwynn (pl);
pedn gwydn (m, RLC), pednow gwydn (pl, RLC).
penis, n, kalgh (m), kalghyow (pl); kal (m), kalyow (pl).
penknife, n, kollel bleg (f), kelylli pleg (pl).
penny, n, (coin) dineren (f), dinerennow (pl),
dinerednow (pl, RLC); (unit of currency) diner (m),
dinerow (pl).
pension, n, gober omdennans (m), gobrow omdennans
(pl); pensyon (m), pensyons (pl).
Pentecost, n, Penkost (m).
people, n, (nation) pobel (f), poblow (pl); (pl. of
person) tus; common people, n pl, gwerin (f).
pepper, n, puber (m).

perceive, vb, percevya; (notice) merkya; (sense)

klewes; klowes (RLC).
percent, n, kansran (f), kansrannow (pl), kansradnow
(pl, RLC).
percentage, n, kansran (f), kansrannow (pl),
kansradnow (pl, RLC).
perdition, n, argol (m).
perfect, adj, perfeyth; flour.
perform, vb, (an action) oberi; (a play or piece of
music) gwari.
perfume, n, parfum (m); melyseth (m).
perhaps, adv, martesen.
period, n, (age) oos (m), osow (pl); ooj (m, RLC), ojow
(pl, RLC); (of time), n, spys (m); oos (m), osow (pl);
ooj (m, RLC), ojow (pl, RLC); termyn (m),
termynyow (pl); (menstrual) termyn an mis (m);
amseryow (pl).
periodical, n, lyver termyn (m), lyvrow termyn (pl);
lever termyn (m, RLC), levrow termyn (pl, RLC).
permission, n, kummyas (m), kubmyas (m, RLC),
kumyasow (pl); with your permission, phr, der dha
gummyas (sg), der agas kummyas (pl), der gas
kubmyas (pl, RLC).
permit, I n, kummyas (m), kubmyas (m, RLC),
kumyasow (pl); lecyans (m), lecyansow (pl); II vb,
gasa; gara (RLC).
perpetually, adv, anhedhek.
person, n, den (m), tus (pl); (physical body) korf (m),
korfow (pl).
personal, adj, personel.
pet, n, eneval dov (m), enevales dov (pl).
petrol (US gasoline), n, petrol (m); menoyl (m); petrol
pump, n, pomp petrol (m), pompyow petrol (pl);
petrol station, n, petrolva (f), petrolvaow (pl);
petrol tanker, n, tanker petrol (m), tankeryow
petrol (pl).
pettycoat, n, golesen (f), golesennow (pl), golesednow
(pl, RLC).
pharmacy, n, (shop) ferylva (f), ferylvaow (pl).
phone, I n, pellgowser (m), pellgowseryow (pl); fon (m,
RLC), fons (pl, RLC); phone call, n, galow pellgows
(m); II vb, pellgewsel; pellgowsel (RLC).
photocopy, I n, liesskrif (m), liesskrifow (pl); II vb,
liesskrifa.
photograph, n, skeusen (f), skeusennow (pl),
skeusednow (pl, RLC).
photographer, n, skeusenner (m), skeusedner (m,
RLC), skeusenoryon (pl).
physician, n, medhek (m), medhygyon (pl).
physics, n, fysegieth (f).
piano, n, piano (m), pianos (pl); grand piano, n, piano
bras (m), pianos bras (pl); piano broas (m, RLC),
pianos broas (pl).
pick, I n, (tool) pigel (f), pigellow (pl); II vb, (choose)
dewis; (e.g. flowers) terri; kuntel.
pickles, n pl, skalpyon (pl, RLC).
picnic lunch, n, kroust (m), kroustyow (pl).
36

picture, n, lymnans (m), lymnansow (pl); liwyans (m),

liwyansow (pl).
pie, n, hogen (f), hogennow (pl), hogednow (pl, RLC);
pastes (m).
piece, n, tamm (m), temmyn (pl); tabm (m, RLC),
tebmyn (pl, RLC); darn (m), darnow (pl).
pierce, vb, gwana; pychya.
piercing, adj, (sharp) lymm; lebm (RLC); (body mod.),
n, pychyans (m), pychyansow (pl).
pig, n, hogh (m), hohes (pl); porhel (m), porhelli (pl);
mogh (pl).
pigeon, n, kolom (f), kelemmi (pl), kelebmi (pl, RLC).
piglet, n, porhellik (m), porheligow (pl).
pigsty, n, krow mogh (m), krowyow mogh (pl).
pilchard, n, hernen (f), hern (coll).
pile, n, (heap) pil (m), pilyow (pl); bern (m), bernow
(pl).
pill, n, pelennik (f), pelednik (f, RLC), pelenigow (pl).
pillar, n, koloven (f), kolovennow (pl), kolovednow (pl,
RLC); pyllar (m), pyllars (pl).
pillow, n, pluvek (f), pluvogow (pl).
pilot, n, lewyader (m), lewyadoryon (pl).
pin, n, pynn (m), pynnow (pl).
pincers, n pl, pyncer (m).
pinch, vb, pynchya.
pineapple, n, pinaval (m), pinavalow (pl).
pine, n, pinen (f), pin (coll); saben (f), sab (coll).
pink, adj, gwynnrudh; kigliw (RLC).
pint, n, pinta (m), pintys (pl).
pipe, n, pib (f), pibow (pl); pibel (f), pibellow (pl).
pipe, vb, piba.
pirate, n, morlader (m), morladron (pl).
pit, n, pyt (m), pyttys (pl); poll (m), pollow (pl); clay
pit, n, poll pri (m), pollow pri (pl).
pity, n, truedh (m); pyta (m); have pity on, phr,
kemeres truedh war2; kemeres truedh a2; take pity
on, phr, kemeres truedh war2; kemeres truedh a2.
pizza, n, pizza (m), pizzas (pl).
place, I n, le (m), leow (pl); tyller (m), tyleryow (pl);
teller (m, RLC), teleryow (pl, RLC); plas (m), plassow
(pl); (at table), plas (m), plassow (pl); high place, n,
ardh (m), ardhow (pl); playing place, n, (plen-angwary) plen an gwari (m), plenys an gwari (pl); in
place of, phr, yn le; take place, vb, hwarvos; II vb,
settya; gorra.
placed, adj, settyes, settys.
plain, I adj, (unadorned) plen; (to see) apert; II n, plen
(m), plenys (pl); goon (f, RLC), gonyow (pl, RLC).
plainly, adv, plenli.
plan, I n, towl (m), towlow (pl); II vb, tewlel towl; towla
(RLC); make a plan, phr, tewlel; towl; towla (RLC).
plane, I n, (tool), n, rask (f), raskow (pl); (aircraft) jynn
ebron (m), jynnys ebron (pl), jynnow ebron (pl);
ayrplen (m, RLC), ayrplens (pl, RLC); II vb, playnya.
planet, n, planet (m), planetys (pl), planetow (pl).
plank, n, astel (f), estyl (pl).
plant, I n, (bot.) les (m), lesyow (pl); losowen (f), losow

(coll); II vb, plansa.

plaster, n, plaster (m), plastrow (pl).
plastic, I adj, hebleth; II n, plastek (m).
plate, n, plat (m), platys (pl), platyow (pl); skudel (f,
RLC), skudellow (pl, RLC).
platform, n, (railway platform) kay (m), kayys (pl),
kayow (pl).
play, I n, gwari (m), gwariow (pl); II vb, (a game) gwari;
(an instrument) seni; (a wind instrument) hwytha.
playdough, n, tos gwari (m).
player, n, gwarier (m), gwarioryon (pl); record player,
n, troer plasen (m).
playground, n, garth gwari (m), garthow gwari (pl).
playing place, n, (plen-an-gwary) plen an gwari (m),
plenys an gwari (pl).
pleasant, adj, hweg.
please, vb, plesya; plegya (dhe2); if you please, phr, mar
pleg; my ath pys jy; my ath pejy (RLC); dre dha
vodh (sg); dregas bodh (pl).
pleased, adj, pes da.
pleasing, adj, hweg; jentil; be pleasing (to), vb, plegya
(dhe2).
pleasure, n, plesour (m), plesours (pl).
plenty, n, plenteth (m); liester (m); plenty of, phr, lowr
a2 (+ pl. noun); lies (+ sg. noun); in plenty, adv, lowr.
pliers, n pl, geveligow (pl).
plough, I n, arader (m), ereder (pl); II vb, aras.
ploughshare, n, kolter (m).
plug, n, (electrical) ebilyer (m), ebilyers (pl), ebilyorow
(pl).
plumber, n, plommer (m), plobmer (m, RLC),
plomoryon (pl).
plum, n, ploumen (f), ploum (coll).
plural, adj, liesplek.
plus (mathematical operator), prp, ha(g).
pocket, n, pocket (m), pocketys (pl), pocketow (pl);
pocket calculator, n, reknel (f), reknellow (pl).
podcast, n, podkast (m), podkasts (pl).
poem, n, bardhonek (m), bardhonogow (pl); kan (f),
kanow (pl).
poet, n, prydydh (m), prydydhyon (pl); (bard) bardh
(m), berdh (pl).
poetry, n, bardhonieth (m); prydydhieth (m).
point, n, poynt (m), poyntys (pl); (tip of an object)
bleyn (m), bleynyow (pl); (of land) tron (m),
tronyow (pl).
poison, n, gwenon (m); gwenwyn (m, RLC).
poisonous, adj, gwenonek; gwenwynek (RLC).
polar bear, n, ors gwynn (m), orses gwynn (pl); ors
gwydn (m, RLC), orses gwydn (pl, RLC).
pole, n, gwelen (f), gwelynni (pl), gwelydni (pl, RLC);
peul (m), peulyow (pl); polyen (f, RLC).
police, n, kreslu (m); police car, n, karr kreslu (m),
kerri kreslu (pl).
policeman, n, gwithyas kres (m), gwithysi gres (pl);
kreswas (m), kreswesyon (pl).
policewoman, n, gwithyades gres (f), gwithyadesow
37

kres (pl).
policy, n, polici (m), policis (pl).
polite, adj, kortes.
political, adj, politek.
politics, n, politegieth (f).
poll, n, (election) votyans (m), votyansow (pl); (survey)
sondyans (m), sondyansow (pl).
pollute, vb, defola; defolya.
pollution, n, defol(y)ans (m).
pond, n, lagen (f), lagennow (pl), lagednow (pl, RLC);
poll (m), pollow (pl).
ponder, vb, prederi; ombrederi.
pony, n, hoba (m), hobas (pl).
pool, n, poll (m), pollow (pl); swimming pool, n, poll
neuvya (m), pollow neuvya (pl).
poor, adj, bohosek; bohojek (RLC); poor person, n,
bohosek (m), bohosogyon (pl); bohojek (m, RLC),
bohojogyon (pl, RLC).
popcorn, n, ys pop (coll); kernel of popcorn, n, ysen
pop (f).
pope, n, pab (m), pabow (pl).
poppy, n, myll (f), mylles (pl.)
popular, adj, (of the people) gwerinek.
population, n, poblans (m), poblansow (pl).
porch, n, porth (m), porthow (pl).
pork, n, kig porhel (m); kig mogh (m).
porpoise, n, morhogh (m), morhohes (pl).
porridge, n, yos (m).
port, n, porth (m), porthow (pl).
portable, adj, degadow.
portion, n, darnas (m), darnasow (pl); rann (f), rannow
(pl); radn (f, RLC), radnow (pl, RLC).
possess, vb, pyw; perhenna; perhedna (RLC).
possession, n, pyth (m), peth (m, RLC), pethow (pl).
possibility, n, possybylta (m), possybyltas (pl).
possible, adj, possybyl.
possibly, adv, martesen.
post, n, (mail) post (m); post office, n, lytherva (f),
lythervaow (pl); the Post Office, n, Sodhva an Post
(f).
postage stamp, n, stamp (m), stampow (pl).
postcard, n, karten bost (f), kartennow post (pl),
kartednow post (pl, RLC).
poster, n, skrisel (f), skrisellow (pl).
postman, n, lytherwas (m), lytherwesyon (pl).
pot, n, pot (m), pottys (pl), pottow (pl).
potato, n, aval dor (m), avalow dor (pl); tetti (m, RLC),
tettys (pl, RLC); patatysen (f), patatys (coll); mashed
potato, n, aval dor brewys (m), avalow dor brewys
(pl); potato chip, n, skomm (m), skommow (pl);
skobm (m, RLC), skobmow (pl, RLC); asklosen (f),
asklos (coll); potato crisp, n, kresik (m), kresigow
(pl).
potent, adj, galosek; galojek (RLC).
pottery, n, (craft) priweyth (m); (factory), n,
priweythva (f), priweythvaow (pl).
pound, n, (currency or weight) peuns (m), peunsow

(pl).
pour, vb, diveri.
poverty, n, bohosogneth (f).
powder, n, polter (m).
power, n, gallos (m); nerth (m), nerthyow (pl).
powerful, adj, galosek; galojek (RLC); nerthek;
kevothek.
practical, adj, hewul.
practice, vb, praktisya; omassaya.
praise, vb, praysya.
pram, n, pramm (m), prammow (pl).
pray, vb, pysi; peji (RLC).
prayer, n, pysadow (m); pejadow (m, RLC).
pre- , prf, rag-.
preach, vb, pregoth; poroga (RLC).
precious, adj, drudh.
precise, adj, poran.
precisely, adv, poran.
prefer, vb, preferya; I prefer, phr, gwell yw genev; my a
vedn kens (RLC).
pregnant, adj, gans flogh; torrek.
prepare, vb, pareusi; paruji (RLC); darbari; fyttya; para
(RLC); prepare oneself, vb, ombareusi; in
preparation for, prp, erbynn; erbydn (RLC); warby
nn; warbydn (RLC).
presence, n, golok (f), gologow (pl); in the presence of,
prp phr, a-rag.
present, I adj, a-lemmyn; a-lebmyn (RLC); at present,
adv, yn eur ma; lemmyn; lebmyn (RLC); II n,
(offering) ro (m), rohow (pl), royow (pl, RLC); III vb,
(something to someone) ri; rei (RLC); (introduce)
komendya.
presently, adv, yn eur ma.
preserve (from), vb, gwitha (rag).
preserves, n, (jam) kyfeyth (m), kyfeythyow (pl).
president, n, lewydh (m), lewydhyon (pl).
press, I n, gwask (f); II vb, gwaska.
pressure, n, poos (m), posow (pl).
pretend, vb, omwul.
pretty, adj, teg; pretty thing, n, tegen (f), tegennow
(pl).
prevent, vb, lettya; lesta.
previous, adj, kyns; kens (RLC).
price, n, pris (m), prisyow (pl); be priced, vb, talvos.
priest, n, pronter (m), pronteryon (pl).
primrose, n, briallen (f), brialli (coll).
prince, n, pennsevik (m), pennsevigyon (pl); pednsyvik
(m, RLC), pednsyvigyon (pl, RLC).
princess, n, pennseviges (f), pennsevigesow (pl);
pednsyviges (f, RLC), pednsyvigesow (pl, RLC).
principal, I adj, chyf; II n, (head teacher)
penndhyskador (m), penndhyskadoryon (pl);
pedndheskajor (m, RLC), pedndheskajoryon (pl,
RLC).
print, vb, pryntya.
printer, n, pryntyer (m), pryntyoryon (pl).
prison, n, prison (m), prisonyow (pl), prisons (pl).
38

private, adj, privedh.

prize, n, pewas (m), pewasow (pl); pris (m), prisyow
(pl).
probably, adv, del hevel; dres lycklod (RLC).
problem, n, problem (m), problemow (pl), problems
(pl); kudyn (m), kudynnow (pl).
process, n, argerdh (m), argerdhow (pl).
proclaim, vb, gwarnya.
proclamation, n, gwarnyans (m), gwarnyansow (pl).
procure, vb, gwaynya.
produce, vb, askorra; askor.
product, n, askorras (m).
profession, n, galwesigeth (m), galwesigethow (pl).
profile, n, profil (m), profilys (pl).
profit, I n, budh (m), budhow (pl); les (m); II vb,
gwaynya.
programme, n, towlen (f), towlennow (pl), towlednow
(pl, RLC); television programme, n, towlen
bellwolok (f), towlennow pellwolok (pl).
progress, I n, avoncyans (m); II vb, avoncya.
prohibit, vb, difen.
prohibited, adj, difennys; difednys (RLC).
project, n, towl (m), towlow (pl).
promise, I n, ambos (m), ambosow (pl); promis (m),
promisyow (pl); II vb, ambosa; promisya.
pronunciation, n, leveryans (m), leveryansow (pl).
proof, n, prov (m).
proper, adj, ewn.
property, n, (goods) pyth (m), peth (m, RLC), pethow
(pl).
prophet, n, profos (m), profosi (pl).
proposal, n, profyans (m); profyansow (pl).
propose, vb, profya.
proposition, n, kynnik (m), kynigow (pl).
propriety, n, komposter (m).
prostitute, n, hora (f), horys (pl).
protect, vb, difres; protect from, vb, gwitha rag.
Protestant, n, Protestant (m), Protestans (pl).
proud, adj, gothus; prout.
prove, vb, previ; preva (RLC); prove oneself, vb,
ombrevi.
provide, vb, provia.
province, n, pow (m), powyow (pl).
prune, n, ploumen sygh (f), ploum sygh (coll);
ploumen segh (f, RLC), ploum segh (coll, RLC).
pub, n, tavern (m), tavernyow (pl); diwotti (m),
diwottiow (pl).
public, adj, poblek; public house, n, tavern (m),
tavernyow (pl); diwotti (m), diwottiow (pl); public
speaker, n, arethor (m), arethoryon (pl).
publish, vb, dyllo.
pudding, n, podin (m), podins (pl); (dessert) wojow
(pl); (black p.) gosogen (f), gosogennow (pl);
gojogen (f, RLC), gojogednow (pl, RLC).
puddle, n, pollen (f), polennow (pl), polednow (pl,
RLC).
puffin, n, nath (m), nathes (pl); popa (m), popys (pl).

pull, vb, tenna; tedna (RLC)..

pulse, n, (beat) pols (m), polsyow (pl); polj (m, RLC),
poljyow (pl, RLC).
pump, n, pomp (m), pompyow (pl); pompel (f),
pompellow (pl); petrol pump, n, pomp petrol (m),
pompyow petrol (pl).
pumpkin, n, pompyon (m), pompyons (pl).
pungent, adj, flerys.
punishment, n, kessydhyans (m), kessydhyansow (pl).
pupil, n, (student) dyskybel (m), dyskyblon (pl).
puppet, n, popet (m), popetys (pl), popetow (pl).
puppy, n, kolyn (m), kelyn (pl).
purchase, vb, prena; perna (RLC).
pure, adj, pur.
purple, adj, purpur; glasrudh.
purpose, n, porpos (m); mynnas (m); for the purpose
of, prp, rag; on purpose, adv, a-borpos.
purse, n, pors (m), porsys (pl); yalgh (f), yalhow (pl).
push, vb, herdhya.
push-chair, n, kador herdhya (f), kadoryow herdhya
(pl).
put, vb, gorra; put in order, vb, araya; put out, vb,
(expel) gorra yn-mes; (extend) ystyn; (extinguish)
difudhi; put together, vb, framya; komposa (RLC);
put up with, vb, perthi; put your name down, phr, ri
dha hanow; rei dha hanow (RLC).
pyjamas, n pl, pyjama (m), pyjamas (pl).

Q, q
quality, n, kwalita (f); (aspect of character) gnas (f);
gnasow (pl).
quarrel, I n, kedrynn (f), kedrynnow (pl); kedrydn (f,
RLC), kedrydnow (pl, RLC); dalva (f), dalvaow (pl); II
vb, kedrynna; kedrydna (RLC); omdhal.
quarry, n, (mine) mengleudh (m), mengleudhyow (pl).
quarter, n, kwarter (m); (fraction) kwarten (f); (region)
kwartron (m); (of year), n, trymis (m).
quay, n, kay (m), kayys (pl), kayow (pl).
queen, n, myghternes (f), myghternesow (pl);
myternes (f, RLC), myternesow (pl, RLC); ruwvanes
(f), ruwvanesow (pl).
question, I n, govyn (m), govynnow (pl), govydnow (pl,
RLC); kwestyon (m), kwestyonow (pl); II vb, govyn;
(test by questions) apposya.
queue, I n, lost (m), lostow (pl), lostyow (pl); II vb, gul
lost; lostya.
quick, adj, snell; uskis; skav.
quickly, adv, snell; uskis; yn skav; skon.
quiet, I adj, kosel; tawesek; dison; II n, kosoleth (m);
taw (m).
quite, adv, (rather) lowr (follows adj.); (precisely)
poran; (very) glan; teg.

R, r

39

rabbit, n, konin (m), konines (pl).

race, I n, (competition) resek (m), resegow (pl);
(ethnicity) agh (f), ahow (pl); hil (m), hilyow (pl);
human race, phr, mab den (m); II vb, resek.
racing car, n, karr resek (m), kerri resek (pl).
racing driver, n, lewyer resek (m), lewyoryon resek
(pl).
racist, n, hilgaswas (m), hilgaswesyon (pl); hilegydh
(m), hilegydhyon (pl).
rack, n, kloos (f), klosyow (pl).
racket, n, racket (m), racketow (pl); (noise) habadolya
(m).
radiator, n, dewynyadel (f), dewynyadellow (pl).
radio, n, radyo (m), radyos (pl), radyoyow (pl); diwiver
(m).
radish, n, redigen (f), redik (coll).
rag, n, pilen (f), pilennow (pl), pilednow (pl, RLC).
railing, n, peulge (m), peulgeow (pl).
railway, n, hyns horn (m), hens horn (m, RLC),
hensyow horn (pl); railway station, n, gorsav (m),
gorsavow (pl).
rain, I n, glaw (m); II vb, gul glaw.
rainbow, n, kammneves (f), kammnevesow (pl);
kabmdhavas (f, RLC), kabmdhavasow (pl, RLC).
raincoat, n, kota glaw (m), kotys glaw (pl); mantel law
(f), mentylli glaw (pl).
raise, vb, (lift, build) drehevel; derevel (RLC); (raise
children) maga; raise up, vb, sevel.
rake, n, rakan (m), rakanow (pl).
ram, n, (animal) hordh (m), hordhes (pl); hor (m,
RLC), hores (pl, RLC).
range, n, rifle range, n, tenva (f), tenvaow (pl).
rape, vb, ravna.
rank, n, renk (m), renkow (pl), renkyow (pl).
rare, adj, (uncommon) tanow; treweythus.
raspberry, n, avanen (f), avan (coll).
rate, n, (mathematical) kevradh (m), kevradhow (pl);
(tax) toll (f), tollow (pl); at any rate, phr, yn neb kas;
water rate, n, toll dhowr (f), tollow dowr (pl).
rather, adv, kyns; kens (RLC); I would rather, phr, gwell
via genev; my a vynsa kyns; my a venja kens (RLC).
rat, n, rath (f), rathes (pl); logojen vroas (f, RLC), logos
broas (coll, RLC).
raven, n, bran vras (f), brini bras (pl), brini broas (pl,
RLC).
raw, adj, kriv.
ray, n, (light) ray (m), rayys (pl); dewyn (m),
dewynnow (pl).
razor, n, alsen (f), alsennow (pl), alsednow (pl, RLC);
alten (f), altennow (f, pl), altednow (pl, RLC).
reach, vb, (attain, arrive at) drehedhes; reach out
(extend), vb, ystyn.
read, vb, redya; read aloud, vb, lenna.
reader, n, redyer (m), redyoryon (pl); redyores (f),
redyoresow (pl); lenner (m), lenoryon (pl).
reading, n, redyans (m), redyansow (pl).
readily, adv, prest.

ready, I adj, parys; make ready, vb, pareusi; paruji

(RLC).
real, adj, (actual) gwir.
really, adv, yn gwir; yn tevri; dhe wir.
reap, vb, mysi.
rear, vb, (raise children) maga; meythrin.
reared, adj, (raised) megys.
reason, n, (cause of something) acheson (m),
achesonys (pl); cheson (m), chesonys (pl); skila (f),
skilys (pl); kaws (m, RLC), kawsow (pl, RLC); praga
(m); (logic) poll (m).
rebel, I n, rebel (m), rebels (pl); II vb, rebellya.
rebellion, n, rebellyans (m), rebelyansow (pl).
recall, vb, (remember) perthi kov (a2).
receive, vb, degemeres; kemeres; receva.
recent, adj, a-dhiwedhes.
recently, adv, a-gynsow; a-gensow (RLC); a-lergh
(RLC).
reception, n, kemeryans (m), kemeryansow (pl);
reception area, n, degemerva (f); degemervaow (pl).
recognise, vb, aswon; ajon (RLC).
recollect, vb, perthi kov (a2).
recollection, n, kov (m), ko (m, RLC), kovyow (pl).
recommend, vb, komendya.
record, I n, (document) kovadh (m), kovadhow (pl);
(world record), n, rekord (m), rekordys (pl); (disc)
plasen (f), plasennow (pl), plasednow (pl, RLC);
record player, n, troer plasen (m); II vb, rekordya;
(audio) sonskrifa.
recorder (musical instrument), n, tollgorn Sowsnek
(m), tollgern Sowsnek (pl).
recover, vb, (get back) daskavos; (from an illness)
yaghhe; omwellhe.
rectangle, n, hirbedrek (m), hirbedrogow (pl).
red, adj, rudh.
redo, vb, daswul.
reduce, vb, byhanhe; bianhe (RLC).
reef, n, krib (f), kribow (pl).
reflect, vb, (throw back light) dastewynnya;
dastewydnya (RLC); (think upon) prederi;
ombrederi.
refrain, n, pusorn (m), pusornow (pl).
refrigerator, n, yeynel (f), yeynellow (pl).
refuge, n, harber (m), harberys (pl).
refusal, n, nagh (m).
refuse, vb, naha; skonya; refusya.
regard, I n, govis (m), govisyon (pl); best regards, phr,
gorhemynadow an gwella; II vb, mires orth; as
regards, phr, ow tochya; yn kever.
region, n, pow (m), powyow (pl); ranndir (m),
ranndiryow (pl); tiredh (m), tiredhow (pl); kost (m),
kostys (pl).
regional, adj, ranndiryel.
register, vb, kovskrifa.
regret, I n, edrek; II vb, edrega; I regret, phr, edrek am
beus; drog yw genev.
regular, adj, reyth.
40

regularly, adv, (frequently) yn fenowgh; (correctly) yn

reyth.
regulate, vb, rewlya; rowlya (RLC).
regulation, n, rewl (f), rewlys (pl), rowlys (pl, RLC).
rehearsal, n, assay (m), assays (pl).
reign, vb, reynya.
reindeer, n, karow ergh (m), kerwys ergh (pl).
rejoice, vb, lowenhe; omlowenhe; rejoycya.
relate, vb, (tell to) derivas (dhe).
related, adj, (by blood) unwos.
relation, n, (family member) kar (m), kerens (pl); kares
(f), karesow (pl); neskar (m), neskerens (pl).
relative, n, kar (m), kerens (pl).
release, vb, dyllo; livra.
relieve, vb, difres.
religion, n, kryjyans (m), kryjyansow (pl); relyjyon (m,
RLC).
reluctant, adj, hell; anvodhek; I am reluctant to..., phr,
poos yw genev....
reluctantly, adv, am anvodh, ay anvodh.
remain, vb, gortos; (stay) triga.
remainder, n, remenant (m), remenantys (pl),
remenans (pl).
remake, vb, daswul.
remember, vb, perthi kov (a2); remembra; kova (RLC).
remind, vb, kovhe.
remote, adj, pell; remote control, n, pellvotonek (f),
pellvotonegi (pl).
remove, vb, (delete) dilea.
renounce, vb, naha.
renowned, adj, geryes.
rent, I n, rent (m); II vb, gobrena.
repair, vb, ewnhe.
repent, vb, repentya.
reply, I n, gorthyp (m), gorthebow (pl); II vb, gorthebi.
report, n, derivas (m).
reporter, n, derivador (m), derivadoryon (pl).
repose, n, powes (m).
republic, n, repoblek (f), repoblegi (pl).
reputation, n, bri (f); ger da (m); pris (m), prisyow (pl).
rescue, vb, sawya.
rescuer, n, sawyas (m), sawysi (pl).
research, n, hwithrans (m), hwithransow (pl).
resembling, adj, haval; he resembles you, phr, haval yw
dhis.
residence, n, treveth (f), trevethow (pl).
resist, vb, sevel orth.
resolve, vb, ervira; digelmi.
respect, n, reowta (m); with respect to, prp, yn kever
(when referring to people; used with poss. prns.).
response, n, gorthyp (m), gorthebow (pl).
rest, I n, (relaxation) powes (m); (remainder), n,
remenant (m), remenantys (pl), remenans (pl); II vb,
powes.
restaurant, n, bosti (m), bostiow (pl).
restore, vb, daskor.
result, n, sewyans (m), sewyansow (pl).

retire, vb, omdenna; omdedna (RLC).

retired, adj, omdennys; omdednys (RLC).
retirement, n, omdennans (m), omdednans (m, RLC),
omdenansow (pl).
return, I n, dehwelans (m), dehwelansow (pl);
dehwelyans (m), dehwelyansow (pl); II vb, (to a
place) dehweles; (return sth. to somebody) daskor;
rei arta (RLC).
revival, n, dasserghyans (m), dasserghyansow (pl).
revive, vb, dasvewa; dasserhi.
revolt, I n, rebellyans (m), rebelyansow (pl);
domhwelans (m), domhwelansow (pl); II vb,
domhwel; omsevel.
revolting, adj, kasadow.
revolution, n, domhwelans (m), domhwelansow (pl).
reward, n, gober (m), gobrow (pl); pris (m), prisyow
(pl); pewas (m), pewasow (pl).
rhinoceros, n, trongornvil (m), trongornviles (pl).
rib, n, asowen (f), asow (coll).
ribbon, n, snod (m), snodow (pl); ryban (m), rybanys
(pl).
rice, n, ris (coll); grain of rice, n, risen (f).
rich, adj, rych; (wealthy) kevothek; golusek.
riches, n pl, rychys; pethow.
ride, vb, (a horse) marhogeth.
rider, n, marhek (m), marhogyon (pl); marhoges (f),
marhogesow (pl).
ridge, n, kriben (f), kribennow (pl), kribednow (pl,
RLC); keyn (m), keynow (pl).
ridiculous, adj, hwarthus.
rifle range, n, tenva (f), tenvaow (pl).
right, I adj, (correct) kompes; ewn; gwir; reyth;
(suitable) gwiw; gwew (RLC); reyth; (exact) kewar;
(opposite to left) dyhow; on the right (side), adv, adhyhow; right-handed, adj, dyhow; II n, gwir (m),
gwiryow (pl); set right, vb, amendya; ewna; owna
(RLC); you are right, phr, yman gwir genes (sg),
yman gwir genowgh (pl).
ring, I n, (circle, hoop) kylgh (m), kylghyow (pl);
(jewelry) bysow (m), besow (m, RLC); bysowyer (pl);
ring finger, n, bys bysow (m); bes besow (m, RLC); II
vb, (ring a bell) seni.
ringmaster, n, mester cirk (m), mestrysi cirk (pl).
rip, vb, skwardya.
ripe, adj, adhves.
ripen, vb, adhvesi.
rise, vb, sevel; savel (RLC); rising tide, n, lanow (m).
risk, n, peryl (m), peryllow (pl).
river, n, avon (f), avonyow (pl); awon (f, RLC),
awonyow (pl, RLC); ryver (m), ryvers (pl); (in name
of river) dowr (m), dowrow (pl); river-mouth, n,
heyl (m), heylyow (pl); aber (m), aberyow (pl) {In
place-names.}.
road, n, fordh (f), fordhow (pl); for (f, RLC), forow (pl,
RLC); hyns (m), hens (m, RLC), hensyow (pl).
roast, I n, rost (m); II vb, rostya.
rob, vb, ladra; robbya.
41

robber, n, lader (m), ladron (pl).

robbery, n, (in general) ladrynsi (m); (individual
crime) ladrans (m), ladransow (pl).
robin, n, rudhek (m), rudhogyon (pl).
robot, n, robot (m), robotow (pl).
rock, n, (stone) karrek (f), kerrek (pl), karygi (pl);
(music) rock (m).
rocket, n, fusen (f), fusennow (pl), fusednow (pl, RLC).
rocking horse, n, margh leska (m), mergh leska (pl).
rod, n, gwelen (f), gwel (coll).
roe-deer, n, yorgh (f), yorhes (pl).
role, n, rann (f), rannow (pl); radn (f, RLC), radnow (pl,
RLC).
roll, I n, (list, roll of paper) rol (f), rolyow (pl); (bread)
bara byhan (m); II vb, rolya.
roller, n, (in a car wash) jynn rolya (m), jynnow rolya
(pl).
roller skate, n, roskis (m), roskisyow (pl).
roof, n, to (m), tohow (pl).
room, n, (in a building) stevel (f), stevellow (pl); rom
(m), romys (pl); (space), n, spas (m); bathroom, n,
stevel omwolhi (f), stevellow omwolhi (pl);
bedroom, n, chambour (m), chambours (pl); dining
room, n, stevel dhybri (f), stevellow dybri (pl);
stevel dhebri (f, RLC), stevellow debri (pl, RLC);
living room, n, esedhva (f), esedhvaow (pl); sitting
room, n, esedhva (f), esedhvaow (pl); waiting room,
n, stevel wortos (f), stevelow gortos (pl); rom gortos
(m), romys gortos (pl).
root, n, gwreydhen (f), gwreydh (coll).
rope, n, lovan (f), lovanow (pl); rope ladder, n, skeul
lovan (f), skeulyow lovan (pl).
rose, n, rosen (f), ros (coll); primrose, n, briallen (f),
brialli (coll).
rot, vb, pedri; breyna.
rotten, adj, poder; podrek; breyn.
rough, adj, garow.
round, I adj, rond; krenn; kern (RLC); II adv, a-dro;
andro (RLC); III n, tro (f), troyow (pl); kylgh (m),
kylghyow (pl); IV prp, a-dro dhe2.
roundabout, n, (traffic) fordh a-dro (f), fordhow a-dro
(pl); for-a-dro (f, RLC), forow a-dro (pl, RLC); (play)
res a-dro (m), resow a-dro (pl).
rounded, adj, kromm; krobm (RLC); rond.
router, n, (WLAN) routyel (f), routyellow (pl).
row, I n, (disturbance) habadollya (m); (line) rew (m),
rewyow (pl); II vb, (a boat) revya.
rowboat, n, skath revya (f), skathow revya (pl).
rub, vb, rutya.
rubber, n, (eraser) rutyer (m), rutyeryow (pl).
rubbish, n, atal (coll); skoll (m); tredn (m, RLC).
rucksack, n, sagh keyn (m), seghyer keyn (pl).
rudder, n, lyw (m), lewyow (pl).
rude, adj, diskortes.
rug, n, strel (m), strelyow (pl).
rugby, n, rugbi (m).
ruin, I n, (building) magor (f), magoryow (pl);

(financial) diswrians (m); II vb, shyndya.

ruined, adj, diswrys.
rule, I n, rewl (f), rewlys (pl), rowlys (pl, RLC); II vb,
(e.g. a country) rewlya; rowlya (RLC).
ruler, n, (tool) rewlel (f), rewlellow (pl); skantlin (m,
RLC), skantlins (pl, RLC).
rum, n, (drink) romm (m); dowr tomm molas (m); towr
tobm molas (m, RLC).
rumour, n, kyhwedhel (m), kyhwedhlow (pl).
run, vb, (run a race) resek; (of water) resek;
(strenuously) ponya; run away, vb phr, diank; jank
(RLC); fia (dhen fo).
runner, n, reser (m), resoryon (pl).
runway, n, (airport) hyns tira (m), hens tira (m, RLC),
hensyow tira (pl).
rush, I n, bronnen (f), bronn (coll); brodnen (f, RLC),
brodn (coll, RLC); II vb, (hurry) fistena.
rye, n, sugal (coll), grain of rye, n, sugalen (f).

S, s
sack, n, sagh (m), seghyer (pl), syher (pl, RLC).
sackcloth, n, yskar (m).
sacking, n, yskar (m).
sacrifice, vb, sakrifia, sakrifisa (RLC).
sad, adj, trist; truedhek; truesi.
sadden, vb, duwena; tristhe; duwenhe.
saddle, n, diber (m), dibrow (pl).
sadly, adv, truan; yn truan; yn truedhek.
sadness, n, tristans (m); duwon (m).
safe, I adj, salow; saw; II n, kofer saw (m), kofrow saw
(pl); kofer horn (m), kofrow horn (pl).
safeguard, vb, gwitha; diogeli.
saffron, n, safran (m); saffron cake, n, tesen safran (f),
tesennow safran (pl), tesednow safran (pl, RLC).
sail, I n, gool (m), golyow (pl); II vb, golya.
sailing boat, n, skath wolya (f), skathow golya (pl).
sailor, n, marner (m), marners (pl).
saint, n, sans (m), sens (pl); sanses (f), sansesow (pl).
sake, n, kerensa (f); kerenja (f, RLC); for the sake of,
phr, rag kerensa a2; a-barth; awos; for Gods sake!,
phr, a-barth Duw!
salad, n, salad (m), saladys (pl).
salami, n, salami (m), salamis (pl).
salary, n, gober (m), gobrow (pl).
sale, n, (event) gwerth (f), gwerthow (pl); (act of
selling) gwerthas (m), gwerthasow (pl); for sale, phr,
dhe wertha.
salesman, n, gwerther (m), gwerthoryon (pl);
gwerthores (f), gwerthoresow (pl); marchont (m),
marchons (pl).
saleswoman, n, gwerthores (f), gwerthoresow (pl).
salmon, n, ehek (m), ehoges (pl), ehogyon (pl);
sowman (m), sowmans (pl).
salt, I n, holan (m), holanow (pl); salt water, n, hyli (m);
II adj, sall; holanek; sellys.
42

salty, adj, holanek; sall; sellys.

salvation, n, selwyans (m); salvacyon (m).
same, adj, keth (precedes the noun); an unn; the same
as, phr, an keth ha; the same one, phr, an keth onan;
the same length as, phr, kehys ha; kehes ha (RLC);
at the same time, phr, yn kettermyn.
sanctity, n, sansoleth (f); benesikter (m); benejikter
(m, RLC).
sand, I n, tewes (coll); treth (m), trethow (pl).
sandal, n, sandal (m), sandalys (pl).
sandcastle, n, kastel tewes (m), kastylli tewes (pl).
sandpaper, n, paper gweder (m), paper grow (m);
paper tewesi (m).
sandwich, n, baramanyn (m), baramanynnow (pl),
baramanydnow (pl, RLC); maw (m), maws (pl).
sandy, adj, tewesek.
sardine, n, hernen (f), hern (coll).
satellite, n, (moon) loor (f), loryow (pl); (artificial) lorel
(f), lorellow (pl).
satisfied, adj, pes da.
Saturday, n, Sadorn (m); dySadorn (m); deSadorn (m,
RLC); Saturday night, n phr, dySadorn dhe nos.
Saturn, name, Sadorn (m).
sauce, n, sows (m), sowsow (pl), sowsys (pl).
saucepan, n, padel dhorn (f), padellow dorn (pl).
saucer, n, padellik (m), padeligow (pl).
sausage, n, selsigen (f), selsik (coll), selsigennow (pl);
(black pudding) gojogen (f, RLC), gojogednow (pl,
RLC).
save, vb, (life) sawya; (keep) difres; (money) erbysi.
savings, n pl, erbysyow (pl).
saviour, n, sylwyas (m), selwysi (pl); savyour (m),
savyours (pl).
saw, I n, hesken (f), heskennow (pl), heskednow (pl,
RLC); II vb, heskenna; heskedna (RLC).
sawdust, n, bleus hesken (m).
say, vb, leverel; lawl (RLC); she says/said, phr, yn-medh
hi; medh hei (RLC).
saying, n, lavar (m), lavarow (pl).
scab, n, kragh (m), krehi (pl).
scales, n, mantol (f), mantolyow (pl).
scandal, n, sklander (m), sklanderyow (pl); bismer
(m), bismers (pl).
scar, n, kreythen (f), kreyth (coll).
scarce, adj, skant; tanow; scarcely, adv, skant (+neg.);
skantlowr.
scarcity, n, tanowder.
scare, I n, own (m); II vb, gorra own yn.
scarecrow, n, bocka (m), bockas (pl), bockyas (pl).
scared, adj, ownek; I was scared, phr, own am beu.
scarf, n, lien konna (m), lienyow konna (pl); lien kodna
(m, RLC), lienyow kodna (pl, RLC).
scheme, n, plot (m); towlen (f).
scent, n, ethen (f), eth (coll).
sceptical, adj, anhegol.
scholar, n, skoler (m), skoloryon (pl); skolores (f),
skoloresow (pl).

scholarly, adj, skolheygel; deskys broas (RLC).

school, n, skol (f), skolyow (pl).
schoolbook, n, lyver skol (m), lyvrow skol (pl); lever
skol (m, RLC), levrow skol (pl, RLC).
schoolboy, n, skolvaw (m), skolvebyon (pl).
schoolgirl, n, skolvowes (f), skolvowysi (pl).
schoolhouse, n, skolji (m), skoljiow (pl).
schoolmaster, n, skolvester (m), skolvestrysi (pl).
schoolmistress, n, skolvestres (f), skolvestresow (pl).
science, n, skiens (m); godhonieth (f).
scientific, adj, skiensek; godhoniethek.
scientist, n, skiensek (m), skiensogyon (pl);
skiensydhes (f), skiensydhesow (pl); godhonydh
(m), godhonydhyon (pl); godhonydhes (f),
godhonydhesow (pl).
scissors, n, gwelsow byhan (pl); gwelsigow (pl);
gweljow (pl, RLC).
scold, vb, tavosa; keredhi.
scone, n, skonsen (f), skons (coll).
Scot, n, Alban (m), Albanyon (pl); Albanes (f),
Albanesow (pl).
Scotland, top, Alban (m).
Scottish, adj, albanek.
scrape, vb, kravas; ratha.
scratch, vb, kravas.
scream, vb, garma; skrija; usa.
scree, n, radel (m); rajel (m).
screen, n, (partition) paros (m), parosyow (pl); (guard)
skew (f), skewyow (pl); (computer) skrin (m), skrins
(pl); skramm (m), skrammow (pl); skrabm (m, RLC),
skrabmow (pl, RLC).
screw, I n, skrew (m), skrewys (pl); trogenter (f),
trogentrow (pl); II vb, trogentra; (copulate) kyjya.
screwdriver, n, trogentrel (f), trogentrellow (pl).
scripture, n, skriptor (m), skriptors (pl).
scruple, n, danjer (m).
scum, n, (film on liquid) kenn (m); kedn (m, RLC);
(filth) lastedhes (m).
scummy, adj, kennek; kednek (RLC).
sea, n, mor (m), moryow (pl); put to sea, go to sea, phr,
mora; mos dhe vor; mos dhe mor (RLC); the Black
Sea, top, an Mor Du (m).
seagull, n, golan (f), golanes (pl).
seal, I n, (animal) reun (m), reunes (pl), reunyon (pl);
(signet) sel (f), selys (pl), selyow (pl); II vb, selya.
seaman n, marner (m), marners (pl).
search, I n, helgh (m); II vb, hwilas; hwithra.
seashore n, (seaside) morrep (m), morrebow (pl);
(beach) treth (m); (coast) arvor (m).
season, n, seson (m), sesons (pl), sesonyow (pl).
seat I n, esedh (f), esedhow (pl); kador (f), kadoryow
(pl).
seawave, n, mordon (f), mordonnow (pl), mordodnow
(pl, RLC).
seaweed, n, gommon (coll); gobmon (coll, RLC).
second, I (time) n, sekond (m), sekondys (pl); II ord
num, nessa; sekond; eyl; abbr, 2a; III vb, eyla;
43

skoodhya.
secret, I adj, kel; kevrinek; II n, kevrin (m), kevrinyow
(pl).
section, n, tregh (m), trehow (pl).
secure, adj, saw; diogel.
security, n, diogeledh (m); sekerder (m); sawder (m).
see, vb, gweles.
seed n, hasen (f), hasennow (pl), hasednow (pl, RLC),
has (coll).
seek, vb, hwilas.
seem, vb, heveli; it seems to me, phr, yth hevel
dhymm; as it seems, phr, del hevel.
seize, vb, dalhenna; dalhedna (RLC); sesya; synsi; senji
(RLC)
seldom, adv, namenowgh (with neg.); bohes venowgh.
select, vb, dewis.
selection, n, dewis (m), dewisow (pl).
self, n & prn, honan; prf, om-.
selfish, adj, honanus; omvodhek.
selfishness, n, honanuster (m); kovaytys (m);
omvodhogeth (f).
sell, vb, gwertha; gwerha (RLC); to sell for, phr,
gwertha a2.
send, vb, danvon; danon (RLC).
sense, n, skians (m); sens (m); (meaning) styr (m),
styryow (pl).
sensible, adj, fur.
sensitive, adj, krohendanow; fin; tender.
sentence, I (grammatical) n, lavar (m), lavarow (pl);
II vb, (law) breusi.
separate, I adj, diberthys; II vb, diberth.
separately, adv, dibarow.
separation, n, dibarth (f).
September, n, Gwynngala (m); Gwydngala (RLC); mis
Gwynngala (m); mis Gwydngala (m, RLC).
serious, adj, sevur; sad.
seriously, adv, yn sad; yn sevur; (indeed) devri; yn
tevri.
serpent, n, serpent (m), serpentys (pl).
servant n, gwas (m), gwesyon (pl); servyas (m), servysi
(pl); seryvades (f), servyadesow (pl); oberwas (m),
oberwesyon (pl).
serve, vb, dyghtya; (in employment) servya; sodha.
service, n, soodh (f); gwasonieth (f); servis (m),
servisyow (pl); (church) oferen (f), oferennow (pl),
oferednow (pl, RLC).
serviceable, adj, servadow; vas.
session, n, esedhek (m), esedhogow (pl); (eisteddfod)
esedhvos (m), esedhvosow (pl).
set, vb, settya; (put) gorra; (of sun) sedhi; to set off, vb,
(leave) gasa; gara (RLC); (cause to explode) tardha;
to set up, vb, (establish) selya; (organise) framya;
orna, restra.
settle, vb, (inhabit) anedhi; triga; (on new land)
trevesiga; (argument) ervira; konkludya.
settled, adj, (inhabited) trigys.
seven, card num, seyth.

seventeen, card num, seytek

seventeenth, ord num, seytegves; abbr, 17ves.
seventh, ord num, seythves; abbr, 7ves.
seventieth, ord num, degves ha tri-ugens; degves ha
trei-ugens (RLC); abbr, 70ves.
seventy, card num, deg ha tri-ugens; deg ha trei-ugens
(RLC).
several, adj, lies (with sg.); meur a2 (with pl.); (a few)
nebes.
severe, adj, kales; a-has; sevur.
sew, vb, gwrias.
sex, n, reydh (f); (activity) seks (m).
sexual, adj, reydhel.
sexy, adj, seksi.
shade, I n, goskes (m); goskotter (m); II vb, goskeusi.
shadow, n, skeus (m), skeusow (pl).
shaft, n, gwelen (f), gwelynni (pl), gwelydni (pl, RLC);
(mine) shafta (m), shaftys.
shake, I n, kren (m), kern (m, RLC), krenyow (pl); II vb,
krena; kerna (RLC); shackya; we shook hands, phr,
ni a shackyas leuv.
shall, vb, I shall go, phr, my a; my a vynn mos; my a
vedn mos (RLC); my a wra mos.
shallow, adj, bas.
shame, I n, meth (f), methow (pl); sham (m); (pity)
dieth (m); its a shame, phr, dieth yw; soweth; for
shame!, phr, rag meth!; II vb, shamya.
shameful, adj, methus.
shape, n, form (m), formow (pl); furv (f), furvow (pl);
roth (m), rothow (pl); shap (m), shapys (pl).
share, I n, kevren (f), kevrennow (pl), kevrednow (pl,
RLC); II vb, kevrenna; kevredna (RLC).
shark, n, morvleydh (m), morvleydhes (pl).
sharp adj, (pointed) lymm; lebm (RLC); (acute) tynn;
tydn (RLC); glew; (taste) trenk; hwerow; (clever)
konnyk; kodnyk (RLC).
shave, vb, divarva; trehi barv; shave ones beard off, vb
phr, omdhivarva.
she, prn, hi; hei (RLC); (enclitic) hi; (infixed) s.
sheaf, n, tysken (f), tyskennow (pl), tyskednow (pl,
RLC).
shed, n, krow (m), krowyow (pl).
sheep, n, davas (f), deves (pl.).
sheepdog, n, ki deves (m), keun deves (pl).
sheet, n, (bed) lien gweli (m), lienyow gweli (pl);
(paper) folen (f), folennow (pl), folednow (pl, RLC).
shelf, n, estyllen (f), estylennow (pl), estylednow (pl,
RLC).
shell, n, (carapace) krogen (f), kregyn (pl); (egg)
plisken (f), plisk (coll); (bomb) tanbelennik (m),
tanbelednik (m, RLC), tanbelenigow (pl).
shelter, I n, skovva (f), skovvaow (pl); II vb, klesa; kleja
(RLC).
shepherd, n, bugel, (m) bugeledh (pl).
shepherdess, n, bugeles (f), bugelesow (pl).
shield, n, skoos (m), skosow (pl).
shine, vb, splanna; spladna (RLC); golowi.
44

ship, n, gorhel (m), gorholyon (pl).

shirt, n, krys (m), krysyow (pl); hevis (m), hevisyow
(pl); T-shirt, n, krys T (m).
shit, I n, kawgh (m); II vb, kawha.
shiver, vb, deglena; krena; kerna (RLC).
shock, n, (jolt) jag (m), jagys (pl); (electric) jag tredan
(m).
shocked, adj, diegrys.
shoe, I n, eskis (f), eskisyow (pl), skijyow (pl, RLC);
II vb, (horse) hernya.
shoot, I n, (sprout) egin (m), eginyow (pl); II vb, (gun)
tenna; tedna (RLC); (arrow) setha; (sprout) egina.
shop I n, gwerthji (m), gwerthjiow (pl); shoppa (m,
RLC), shoppys (pl, RLC); II vb, prenassa; (grocery)
marhasa; marhasna (RLC).
shore, n, (seaboard) morrep (m), morrebow (pl); (river
bank) glann (f), glannow (pl); gladn (f, RLC),
gladnow (pl, RLC).
short, adj, kot; berr.
shortly, adv, a verr spys; kyns neppell; yn kot termyn.
shorts, n, lavrek kot (m), lavregow kot (pl); lavrek berr
(m), lavregow berr (pl).
shot, n, tenn (m), tennow (pl); tedn (m, RLC), tednow
(pl, RLC).
should, vb, he should do that, phr, ev a dal gul henna; y
kodh dhodho gul henna; she should have done it,
phr, hi a dalvia y wul; y kodhvia dhedhi y wul.
shoulder, n, skoodh (f), skodhow (pl), diwskodh (dl).
shout, I n, kri (m), kriow (pl); krei (m, RLC); garm (f),
garmow (pl); II vb, garma; kria, kreia (RLC).
show, I n, diskwedhyans (m), diskwedhyansow (pl);
II vb, diskwedhes.
shower, I n, kowas (f), kowasow (pl); II vb, kowesi.
shrimp, n, bibyn bubyn (m), bibynes bubyn (pl).
shrink, vb, omdenna; omdedna (RLC); lehe.
shudder, I n, skruth (m), skruthow (pl); II vb, skrutha.
shut, I adj, deges; klos; II vb, degea; keas; shut up!, phr,
taw taves!
shy, adj, gohelus; methek.
sick, adj, klav; kloav (RLC).
sickness, n, kleves, klevejyow.
side, n, tu (m), tuyow (pl); tenewen (m), tenwennow
(pl), tenwednow (pl, RLC); (in an argument) parth
(f), parthow (pl).
sideboard, n, bord lestri (m).
sigh, vb, hanasa; hanaja (RLC).
sight, n, golok (f), gologow (pl).
sign, I n, arwodh (f), arwodhyow (pl); sin (m), sinys
(pl); II vb, sina.
signal, n, sin (m), sinys (pl); sinel (f), sinellow (pl).
signature, n, sinans (m), sinansow (pl).
silence, I n, taw (m); II int, silence!, be quiet!, phr, taw
taves!
silent, adj, tawesek; be silent, phr, tewel.
silly, adj, gocki.
silver, n, arhans (m).
silvery, n, arhansek.

similar, adj, hevelep; haval; similar to, phr, haval orth.

similarity n, hevelepter (m).
similarly, adv, yndella; yn kepar maner.
simple, adj, sempel; (easy) es.
simplify, vb, sempelhe.
simply, adv, yn sempel; dre vaner es.
simultaneous, adj, kettermynyek.
sin, I n, pegh (m); pehes (m), pehosow (pl); II vb, peha.
since, cnj, a-ban2; a-dhia ban2 {both followed by a verb};
a-dhia {followed by a noun} long since, phr, seuladhy
dh; seuladhedh (RLC); since then, phr, alena rag; adhia nena (RLC).
sincere, adj, gwiryon; kolonnek; kolodnek (RLC).
sincerely, adv, heb toll na gil; sincerely yours, phr,
dhywgh hwi yn lel.
sing, vb, kana.
singer n, kaner (m), kanoryon (pl); kanores (f),
kanoresow (pl).
single, I adj, unn; udn (RLC); unnik; udnik (RLC);
(unmarried) andhemedhys; II prn, onan; not a single
one, phr, (people) nagonan; (things) tra vyth; tra
veth (RLC); ny welis vy nagonan, phr, I didnt see a
single one.
sink, I n, new (f), newyow (pl); somf (m, RLC);
II vb, sedhi.
sinner, n, pehador (m), pehadoryon (pl); pehadores (f),
pehadoresow (pl).
sir, n, syrra (m), syrrys (pl); serra (m, RLC), serrys (pl,
RLC); (title) syr (m).
sister, n, hwor (f), hwerydh (pl).
sit, vb, esedha, sedha (RLC).
situation, n, le (m); desedhans (m); stat (m), statys (pl).
six, card num, hwegh.
sixteen, card num, hwetek.
sixteenth, ord num, hwetegves; abbr, 16ves.
sixth ord num, hweghves; hweffes (RLC); abbr, 6ves.
sixtieth ord num, tri-ugensves; trei-ugensves (RLC);
abbr, 60ves.
sixty, card num, tri-ugens; trei-ugens (RLC).
size, n, braster (m), brasterow (pl); broasder (m, RLC),
broasderow (pl, RLC); myns (m), mynsow (pl); mens
(m, RLC), mensow (pl, RLC).
skateboard, I n, rostel (f), rostellow (pl); II vb, rostella.
sketch, I n, delinyans (m), delinyansow (pl); linennans
(m), linenansow (pl); tednans (m, RLC), tednansow
(pl, RLC); II vb, linenna; linedna (RLC).
ski, I n, ski (m), skiow (pl), skis (pl); ski pole, n, gwelen
ski (f), gwelynni ski (pl), gwelydni ski (pl, RLC);
II vb, skia.
skilful, adj, sley.
skill, n, sleyneth (f).
skin, n, krohen (f), krehyn (pl); kneus (coll); (on milk)
kenn (m); kedn (m, RLC).
skinny, adj, ; kennek; kednek (RLC); kronek; (bony)
askornek.
skip, vb, terlemmel; terlebmel (RLC); skyppya.
skipping rope, n, lovan lemmel (f), lovanow lemmel
45

(pl); lovan lebmel (f, RLC), lovanow lebmel (pl, RLC).

skirt, n, losten (f), lostennow (pl), lostednow (pl, RLC).
skull, n, krogen benn (f); krogen bedn (f, RLC); klopen
(f), klopennow (pl), klopednow (pl, RLC).
sky, n, ebron (f).
skylark, n, ahwesydh (f), ahwesydhes (pl).
slack, adj, lows.
slap, I n, skwat (m), skwattow (pl); skat (m, RLC),
skattys (pl, RLC); stiwen (m); II vb, skwattya;
stiwenna; stiwedna (RLC); hwattya.
sleep, I n, kosk (m); II vb, koska.
sleepy, adj, skwith; skith (RLC); hunyek.
sleeve, n, brehel (m), breholow (pl).
sleigh, n, draylel (f), draylellow (pl).
slender, adj, moon; tanow; (narrow) ynn; ydn (RLC);
kul.
slice, n, tregh (m), trehow (pl).
slide, vb, slynkya.
slightly, adv, bohes; nebes.
slim, adj, moon; tanow; (narrow) ynn; ydn (RLC); kul.
slip, I n, (undergarment) golesen (f), golesennow (pl),
golesednow (pl, RLC); II vb, slynkya.
slipper, n, pawgen (f), pawgennow (pl), pawgednow
(pl, RLC).
slope, n, leder (f), ledrow (m).
sloping, adj, ledrek.
slow, adj, lent; syger.
slowly, adv, yn lent.
slug, n, melhwen (f), melhwennow (pl), melhwednow
(pl, RLC); (also snail) melhwesen (f), melhwes (coll),
melhwyjen (f, RLC); (small slug) gluthvelhwen (f).
sly, adj, fel; kall.
small, adj, byhan; bian (RLC).
smart, adj, skentel; konnyk; kodnyk (RLC); (neat)
fethus; brav; fin.
smash, vb, skwattya.
smell, I n, blas (m); sawor (m), saworyow (pl); (bad)
fler (m), fleryow (pl); II vb, blasa; (sense) klewes;
klowes (RLC); (to give off a bad smell) flerya;
mosegi.
smelly, adj, flerys; mosek.
smile, I n, minhwarth (m), minhwarthow (pl);
II vb, minhwerthin.
smith, n, gov (m), govyon (pl).
smoke, I n, mog (m); II vb, megi; (smoke a pipe) tochya
pib; no smoking, phr, megi difennys; megi difednys
(RLC).
smooth, adj, leven; gwastas.
snack, n, kroust (m), kroustyow (pl), kroustys (pl);
tamm (m), temmyn (pl); tabm (m, RLC), tebmyn (pl,
RLC).
snail, n, bulhorn (m), bulhornes (pl); (also slug)
melhwesen (f), melhwejen (f, RLC), melhwes (coll).
snake, n, sarf (f), serf (pl).
snatch, vb, kibya.
sneeze, I n, striw (m), striwyow (pl); II vb, rahaya;
striwi.

snore, vb, renki.

snout, n, tron (m), tronow (pl).
snow, I n, ergh (m); II vb, gul ergh.
so, I adv., mar2; she is so pretty, phr, mar deg yw hi; so
much, kemmys; kebmys (RLC); (thus) yndella; II cnj.,
ytho; rag henna; rag hedna (RLC); so that, phr,
may5; mayth (before vowel); so I see, phr, del welav.
soap, I n, sebon (m), sebonow (pl); soap opera, n, gwari
sebon (m).
sober, adj, (solemn) sad; (not drunk) divedhow.
social, adj, kowethasek.
society, n, kowethas (m or f), kowethasow (pl).
sock, n, lodrik (m), lodrigow (pl); (leather sock,
slipper) pawgen (m), pawgennow (pl), pawgednow
(pl, RLC).
sofa, n, sofa (m), sofas (pl); gweli dydh (m), gweliow
dydh (pl); gweli dedh (m, RLC), gweliow dedh (pl,
RLC).
soft, adj, medhel; (tender) bludh; (of sound) isel.
software (computer), n, medhelweyth (m).
soil, n, gweres (m), gweresow (pl).
soldier, n, souder (m), soudoryon (pl), soudrys (pl).
sole, I adj, unn; unnik; udn (RLC); udnik (RLC); the sole
heir, phr, an er unnik; an er udnik (RLC); II n, (foot)
godhen (m), godhnow (pl); (shoe) goles eskis (m).
solution, n, men (m), menys (pl); remedi (m); (of
problem) digolm (m), digolmow (pl); (chemistry)
tedhans (m).
solve, vb, digelmi; assoylya.
some, I adj, nebes; II adv, neb; III prn, re; rann; radn
(RLC); some of them, phr, rann anedha; radn
anedhans (RLC); re anedha.
somebody, prn, nebonan.
somehow, adv, war neb kor; neb maner; neb fordh.
something, prn, neppyth; neppeth (RLC).
sometime, adv, nepprys; neppres (RLC).
sometimes, adv, treweythyow; terweythyow (RLC).
somewhere, adv, neb tyller; neb teller (RLC); neb le;
neb tu.
son, n, mab (m), mebyon (pl); grandson, n, mab wynn
(m), mebyon wynn (pl); mab wydn (m, RLC),
mebyon wydn (pl, RLC); son-in-law, n, deuv (m),
deuvyon (pl).
song, n, kan (f), kanow (pl).
soon, adv, hware, skon; yn skon.
sore, I adj, tynn; brew; II n, goli (m), goliow (pl);
gwennen (f), gwenennow (pl); gwednen (f, RLC),
gwenednow (pl, RLC).
sorrow, n, anken (m), ankenyow (pl); keudh (m);
duwon (m).
sorry, I adj, moredhek; edrygys; keudhesik;
II int, diharesow!; be sorry, phr, kemeres duwon;
I am sorry, phr, drog yw genev; edrek am beus;
make sorry, phr, keudhi.
sort, n, ehen (f); sort (m), sortow (pl); par (m), parow
(pl); of that sort, phr, an par na.
sort out, vb, komposa.
46

soul n, enev (f), ena (f, RLC), enevow (pl).

sound, I n, son (m), sonyow (pl); (noise) tros (m),
trosyow (pl); II vb, seni; sowndya.
soup, n, kowl (coll); souben (f), soubennow (pl),
soubednow (pl, RLC).
sour, adj, trenk.
source, n, (of stream) pennfenten (f), pennfentynnyow
(pl); pednfenten (f, RLC), pednfentydnyow (pl, RLC);
(derivation) devedhyans (m).
south, n, dyhow (m); soth (m); south-east, n, soth-est
(m); south-west, n, soth-west (m).
sow, I n, (female pig) banow (f), banowes (pl), bynewi
(pl); II vb, (seed) hasa.
space, n, spas (m); efander (m); (astronomy) efanvos
(m); space bar (on a keyboard), n, barren spas (f),
barennow spas (pl), barednow spas (pl, RLC).
spaceship, n, sterlester (m), sterlestri (pl).
spade, n, pal (f), palyow (pl).
spanner, n, alhwedh know (f), alhwedhow know (pl).
spare, adj, difres; difresek; spar; (thin) kul; tanow;
spare part, n phr, spar (m), sparyon (pl).
sparrow, n, golvan (m), golvanes (pl).
sparse, adj, tanow.
speak, vb, kewsel; kows(el) (RLC); klappya; speak to,
phr, kewsel orth; speak on behalf of, phr, kewsel
gans.
speaker , n, kowser (m), kowsoryon (pl); kowseres (f),
kowsoresow (pl); (orator) arethor (m), arethoryon
(pl).
special, adj, arbennek; arbednek (RLC).
specialist, n, arbeniger (m), arbenigoryon (pl).
spectacles, n, golokwedrow (pl); dewweder (dl).
spectator, n, mirer (m), miroryon (pl).
speech, n, (address) areth (f), arethyow (pl); (faculty)
kows (m).
speed, n, skavder (m); tooth (m).
spell, vb, lytherenna; lytheredna (RLC).
spend, vb, spena.
spider, n, kevnisen (f), kevnis (coll); kenesen (f, RLC),
kenes (coll, RLC).
spill, vb, skollya.
spin, vb, troyllya; rosella.
spinach, n, spinach (m).
spirit, n, spyrys (m), spyrysyon (pl), spyryjyon (pl,
RLC).
spit, vb, trewa; trefya (RLC).
spiteful, adj, spitus.
splash, I n, lagyans (m); II vb, lagya; plowghya.
splendid, adj, splann; spladn (RLC); bryntin; brentin
(RLC).
splinter, n, skommyn (m), skommow (pl), skomm
(coll); skobmyn (m, RLC), skobmow (pl, RLC), skobm
(RLC); asklosen (f), asklos (coll).
split, I n, fals (m), falsyow (pl); II vb, falsa; falja (RLC).
spoil, vb, (violate) defolya; (plunder) pylla; (ruin)
diswul; (a child) gorbeski.
sponge, n, spong (m), spongow (pl).

spoon, n, lo (f), loyow (pl).

sport, n, sport (m), sportys (pl), sportow (pl).
spot, n, (stain) namm (m), nammow (pl); nabm (m,
RLC), nabmow (pl, RLC); (pimple) kuriek (m),
kuriogas (pl), kuriegi (pl); (place) tyller (m),
tyleryow (pl); teller (m, RLC), teleryow (pl, RLC).
spouse, n, pries (m), priosow (pl).
spray, vb, stifella.
spread, vb, lesa.
spring, I n, (season) gwenton; II vb, (jump) lamma;
lemmel; lebmel (RLC).
square, I adj, pedrek; II n, pedrek (m), pedrogow (pl).
squash, vb, gwaska; skwattya.
squeak, vb, gwihal.
squeeze, vb, gwaska; strotha; gwrynnya; gwrydnya
(RLC).
squirrel n, gwiwer (m), gwiweres (pl), gwiwerow (pl).
stability, n, krefter (m); faster (m).
stable, I adj, (steady) fast; II n, (for horses) marghti
(m), marghtiow (pl).
stadium, n, sportva (f), sportvaow (pl).
staff, n, (employees) meni (coll); (rod) lorgh (f), lorhow
(pl); lath (f), lathow (pl).
stage, n, gwariva (f), gwarivaow (pl).
stain, n, namm (m), nammow (pl); nabm (m, RLC),
nabmow (pl, RLC); mosten (f), mostennow (pl),
mostednow (pl, RLC).
stair, n, gris (m), grisyow (pl); stayr (m), stayrys (pl).
stamp, n, stamp (m), stampys (pl).
stand, I n, sav (m), savow (pl); II vb, sevel; (bear, suffer)
perthi; stand against, phr, sevel orth; stand aside,
vb, sevel a-denewen; stand out, vb, sevel yn-mes;
stand up, vb, sevel yn-bann; sevel madn (RLC); I
can't stand it, phr, ny allav y berthi.
standard, I adj, savonek; II n, savon (f), savonow (pl);
(comparison) skwir (m), skwirys (pl); n, (flag) baner
(m), baneryow (pl).
standpoint, n, savla (m), savleow (pl).
star, n, steren (f), sterennow (pl), sterednow (pl, RLC),
ster (coll).
stare, vb, lagatta.
starfish, n, pympbys (m), pympbyses (pl); pempbes (m,
RLC), pempbeses (pl, RLC).
start, I n, (beginning) dalleth (m); II vb, (begin) dalleth.
starve, vb, (die of hunger) merwel dre nown; famya;
Im starving, phr, gwag ov vy.
state, n, (condition) studh (m), studhyow (pl);
(country) gwlas (f), gwlasow (pl); (political unit) stat
(m), statys (pl), statow (pl); (province) rannvro (f),
rannvroyow (pl).
statement, n, menegyans (m), menegyansow (pl);
derivas (m). derivasow (pl).
station, n, savla (m), savleow (pl); (bus, train) gorsav
(m), gorsavow (pl).
statue, n, delow (m), delowyow (pl).
stay, vb, (wait) gortos; (dwell, live) triga.
steady, adj, fast.
47

steak, n, tregh kig (m), trehow kig (pl).

steal, vb, ladra.
steam, n, ethen (f), ethennow (pl), ethednow (pl, RLC),
eth (coll).
steel, n, dur (m).
steep, adj, serth; krackya konna; krackya kodna (RLC).
steer, vb, lewa.
stem, n, ben (m), benyow (pl); garr (f), garrow (pl).
step, n, (grade) gradh (m), gradhow; (pace) kamm (m),
kammow (pl); kabm (m, RLC), kabmow (pl, RLC);
(stair) gris (m), grisyow (pl), grisys (pl).
stick, I n, gwelen (f), gwelynni (pl), gwelydni (pl, RLC),
gwel (coll); lath (f), lathow (pl); II vb, glena.
sticky, adj, glusek; glujek (RLC).
stiff, adj, (inflexible) diwedhyn; (hard) kales; (straight)
serth .
still, adj, kosel.
stillness n, kalmynsi (m); kalmynji (m, RLC); kosoleth
(f).
sting, vb, gwana; piga.
stink, I n, fler (m), fleryow (pl); II vb, flerya; mosegi.
stir, vb, kabooli; gwaya; treloubya.
stitch, I n, gwri (m), gwriow (pl); II vb, gwrias.
stocking n, loder (m), lodrow (pl); hosen (f, RLC),
hosenow (pl, RLC).
stomach, n, (belly) sagh boos (m), seghyer boos (pl);
torr (f), torrow (pl).
stone, n, men (m), meyn (pl), menow (pl, RLC).
stool, n, skavel (f), skavellow (pl).
stop, I n, (for bus, train etc.) gorsav (m), gorsavow (pl);
hedhas (m); II vb, (intransitive) hedhi; (prevent)
lettya; sevel orth; stoppya.
store, n, (storehouse) gwithti (m), gwithtiow (pl);
(shop) shoppa (m), shoppys (pl); gwerthji (m),
gwerthjiow (pl).
storm, n, hager awel (f), hager awellow (pl); tewedh
(m), tewedhow (pl).
story, n, hwedhel (m), hwedhlow (pl); drolla (m),
drollys (pl).
straight, adj, kompes; ewn; straight away, adv,
dihwans; a-dhesempis; distowgh.
strange, adj, astranj; estren; koynt; (unknown)
ankoth.
stranger, n, estren (m), estrenyon (pl).
straw, n, gwelen gala (f), gwelynni kala (pl), gwelydni
kala (pl, RLC), gwel kala (coll); kalaven (f),
kalavennow (pl), kalavednow (pl, RLC).
strawberry, n, sevien (f), sevi (coll).
stream, n, gover (m), goverow (pl).
street, n, stret (m), stretys (pl), stretow (pl).
strength, n, krefter (m); nerth (m).
strengthen, vb, krevhe.
stress, n, (tension) tenva (f); (pressure) poos (m);
gwask (f); (emphasis) poslev (m), poslevow (pl).
stressful, adj, ankensi; tynn; tydn (RLC); ahas.
stretch, vb, tenna; tedna (RLC); ystyn.
strict, adj, (resolute) hardh; (restrictive) stroth.

strike, vb, (hit) gweskel.

string, n, korden (f), kerdyn (pl).
strip, n, skethen (f), skethennow (pl), skethednow (pl,
RLC).
stroke, vb, tava; palva.
strong, adj, krev.
struggle, vb, omdewlel; omdowlel (RLC); omladh;
ombla (RLC); gwynnel.
stubborn, adj, treus; penn kales; pedn kalish (RLC);
hes stubborn, phr, kales yw y benn.
student, n, studhyer (m), studhyoryon (pl); studhyores
(f), studhyoresow (pl).
study, vb, studhya.
stuff, n, daffar (m); devnydh (m), devnydhyow (pl);
stoff (m).
stuffy, adj, mygyl.
stumble, vb, trebuchya.
stupid adj, gocki.
stupidity, n, gockineth (f).
sty, n, krow mogh (m), krowyow mogh (pl).
stylish, adj, herwydh an gis; kelvydh.
subject, n, (topic) testen (f), testennow (pl), testednow
(pl, RLC); mater (m), materow (pl), maters (pl);
(academic) devnydh (m), devnydhyow (pl); (of
monarch) sojet (m), sojets (pl).
substance, n, substans (f), substansow (pl); stoff (m).
subtitle, n, istitel (m), istitlow (pl), istitlys (pl).
subtract, vb, istenna; kemeres a2.
succeed, vb, seweni; soweni (RLC); (follow) dos warlergh.
success, n, sewena (f); sowena (f, RLC).
such, adj & pron. (like) kepar ha; avel; an par na;
pana2; pana dybyans!, phr, such an idea!
suck, vb, sugna.
sudden, adj, tromm.
suddenly, adv, distowgh; a-dhesempis.
suffer, vb, perthi; godhevel; godhav.
suffering, n, godhevyans (m).
sufficient, adj, lowr a2, lock.
sugar, I n, sugra (m); shogra (m), kon (m, RLC).
suggest, vb, profya; gorra yn-rag.
suit, vb, desedha.
suitable, adj, gwiw; gwew (RLC); vas; reyth.
sulk, vb, moutya.
sum, n, sommen (f), somennow (pl), somm (coll);
sobmen (f, RLC), somednow (pl, RLC), sobm (coll).
summer, n, hav (m), hav(y)ow (pl).
summit n, gwartha (m), gwarthevyon (pl); penn (m),
pennow (pl); pedn (m, RLC), pednow (pl, RLC); barr
(m), barrow (pl).
sun, n, howl (m), howlyow (pl).
Sunday n, Sul (m); dySul (m); deSul (m, RLC); Sunday
night, n phr, dySul dhe nos.
sunhat, n, hat howl (m), hattow howl (pl), hattys howl
(pl).
sunrise, n, howldrehevel (m).
sunset, n, howlsedhes (m).
48

super, int, splann!; marthys da!

supermarket, n, gorvarhas (f), gorvarhasow (pl).
superstitious, adj, hegol; euvergryjyk.
supper, n, soper; kon (f); supper time, phr, prys soper.
supply, vb, provia.
support, vb, skoodhya; menten(y)a; eyla.
suppose, vb, desevos; sopposya; tybi; (as) I suppose,
phr, del dybav; my an soppos.
supposedly, adv, yn tesevek.
sure adj, sur; diogel; yn surredi.
surely, adv, sur; yn tiogel.
surf, vb, mordardha.
surface, n, enep (m), enebow (pl); arenep (m),
arenebow (pl).
surfboard, n, astel tonnow (f), estyl tonnow (pl); astel
todnow (f, RLC), estyl todnow (pl, RLC).
surname, n, hanow teylu (m), henwyn teylu (pl).
surprise, I n, marth (m), marthow (pl); I am surprised,
phr, marth yw genev; yma marth dhymm; II vb,
sowdhanas.
surrender, vb, omri; ryndra; rendra (RLC).
survive, vb, treusvewa; durya.
suspect, I adj, gogrysek; II vb, gogrysi; drogdybi;
doutya.
suspicion, n, gogrys; dout.
suspicious, adj, gogrysus; skeusek; skeujek (RLC); to be
suspicious, vb phr, gogrysi; bos skeus dhe nebonan a
neppyth; Im suspicious of her, phr, yma skeus
dhymm anedhi; ma skeus dhybm anedhi (RLC).
swallow, I n, (bird) gwennel (f), gwednel (f, RLC),
gwenili (pl); II vb, lenki; kolenki; klonka (RLC).
swan, n, alargh (m), elergh (pl); swan (m), swans (pl).
swap, vb, keschanjya.
swear, vb, (take an oath) lia; ti; tei (RLC); (use bad
language) molethi; kossya.
sweat, I n, hwys (m), hwes (m, RLC); II vb, hwesa.
sweatshirt, n, krys hwys (m), krysyow hwys (pl).
sweep, vb, skuba.
sweet, I adj, hweg; II n, hwegyn (m), hwegennow (pl),
hwegednow (pl, RLC).
swell, vb, hwedhi.
swift, adj, uskis; skav.
swim, vb, neyja; neuvya; swimming pool, n, poll
neuvya (m), pollow neuvya (pl).
swimsuit, n, neyjwisk (m); neuvwisk (m); dillas neyja
(m).
swing, I n, lesk lovan (m), leskow lovan (pl); II vb,
leska.
switch, I n, skwychel (f), skwychellow (pl); II vb,
skwychya; skwychella; switch on, vb, skwychya yn
fyw; enowi; switch off, vb, skwychya yn-mes;
skwychya yn farow; ladha.
symbol, n, arwodh (f), arwodhyow (pl).
sympathy, n, keskolonekter (m); tregeredh (f), truedh
(m).
syringe, n, skitel (f), skitellow (pl).
system, n, kevreyth (m), kevreythyow (pl); system (m),

systemow (pl).

T, t
table, n, moos (f), mosow (pl); bord (m, RLC), bordys
(pl, RLC); set the table, phr, settya moos.
tablecloth, n, lien moos (m), lienyow moos (pl).
tablespoon, n, lo vras (f), loyow bras (pl); lo vroas (f,
RLC), loyow broas (pl, RLC).
tablet, n, pelennik (m), pelednik (m, RLC), pelenigow
(pl).
table tennis, n, tennis moos (m).
tack, I n, (nail) kentrik (m), kentrigow (pl); II vb, (nail)
kentra; tackya.
tadpole, n, pennyn (m), penynnow (pl); pednyn (m,
RLC), penydnow (pl, RLC).
tail, n, lost (m), lostow (pl).
take, vb, kemeres; (e.g. a drink) kavos; kawas (RLC);
take along with, phr, (bring) dri; drei (RLC); take
care, phr, kemeres with; take care of, phr, gwitha;
gorra with a2; take that!, int, tann henna! (sg); tadn
hedna! (sg, RLC); tannewgh henna! (pl); tadnowgh
hedna! (pl, RLC); take for granted, phr, aswon gras a
dravyth (with neg.); take by surprise, phr,
sowdhanas; take after, phr, omheveli dhe2; take off,
phr, (clothes) diwiska; diski; (aeroplane) yskynna;
skydnya (RLC); ascendya; take-off, n, yskynnans
(m); skydnynans (m, RLC); ascendyans (m); take
over (acquire, claim), phr, perhenegi; it takes (it
requires), phr, bysi yw; besi ew (RLC); take a rest,
phr, powes; take someone, give a lift, phr, gorra
nebonan.
tale n, hwedhel (m), hwedhlow (pl); drolla (m), drollys
(pl).
talent, n, roas (m), roasow (pl).
talented, adj, roasek.
talk, I n, kows (m), kowsow (pl); talk!, its all talk, phr,
ass yw gocki dha gows!, nyns yw marnas flows!; idle
talk, phr, flows (m); II vb, kewsel; kows (RLC);
klappya; talk together (converse), vb, keskewsel.
talkative, adj, tavosek.
tall, adj, uhel; hir.
tallness, n, uhelder (m); hirder (m).
Tamar River, top, Dowr Tamar (m).
tame, adj, dov.
tangle, vb, drysa; magli.
tanker n, (ship) tanker (m), tankeryow (pl); oil tanker,
n, tanker oyl (m); tankeryow oyl (pl).
tap, n, tap (m), tappys (pl), tappow (pl).
tape, n, tapa (m), tapys (pl); (video, audio) snod (m),
snodys (pl); tape measure, n, musurel (f),
musurellow (pl).
tar, n, tar (m); pyg (m), peg (m, RLC).
target, n, kosten (f), kostennow (pl), kostednow (pl,
RLC).
tart, n, tart (m), tartys (pl); tarten (f), tartennow (pl),
tartednow (pl, RLC).
49

task, n, ober (m), oberow (pl); oberen (f), oberennow

(pl), oberednow (pl, RLC); rann ober (m), rannow
ober (pl); radn ober (m, RLC), radnow ober (pl, RLC).
taste, I n, blas (m); II vb, blasa.
tasteless, adj, anvlasus.
tasty, adj, sawrek.
tattoo, n, korfliw (m), korfliwyow (pl); tatou (m),
tatous (pl).
tavern, n, tavern (m), tavernyow (pl); diwotti (m),
diwottiow (pl).
tax, n, toll (f), tollow (pl).
taxi, n, taksi (m), taksiow (pl).
tea, n, te (m); tea-towel, n, kweth te (f), kwethow te
(pl).
teach vb, dyski; deski (RLC); teach someone, phr, dyski
dhe2 nebonan.
teacher, n, dyskador (m), dyskadoryon (pl); deskajor
(m, RLC), deskajoryon (mpl, RLC); dyskadores (f),
dyskadoresow (pl).
teaching, n, dyskas (m); deskas (m, RLC); (lesson)
dyskans (m).
team, n, para (m), parys (pl); bagas (m), bagasow (pl),
bagajow (pl, RLC).
teapot n, pot te (m), pottow te (pl); pottys te (pl, RLC);
tebot (m), tebottow (pl).
tear I n, (weeping) dagren (f), dagrow (pl); shed tears,
phr, dagrewi; II (rip) vb, skwardya.
tease, vb, tontya; gul ges a2.
teaspoon n, lo de (f), loyow te (pl).
teatime, n, prys te (m); pres te (m, RLC).
technical, adj, teknogel.
technician, n, teknegydh (m), teknegydhyon (pl).
technology, n, teknologieth (f); teknegieth (f).
telephone, I n, pellgewsel (f), pellgewsellow (pl);
pellgowser (m), pellgowseryow (pl); fon (m), fonys
(pl); II vb, fonya; pellgewsel; telephone number, n,
niver pellgowser (m), niverow pellgowser (pl).
telescope, I n, pellweler (m), pellweloryow (pl);
gweder aspia (m), gwedrow aspia (pl).
television, n, pellwolok (f), pellwologow (pl); te
levisyon (m, RLC); (colloquial) telli (m); television
programme, n, towlen bellwolok (f), towlennow
pellwolok (pl).
tell, vb, derivas; (say) leverel; (distinguish) dismygi;
dismygya (RLC); (command) erhi; tell jokes, phr,
gesya; tell off, vb, keredhi; keski.
temper, n, (disposition) gnas (f), gnasow (pl).
temperature, n, tempredh (m), tempredhow (pl);
(fever) fevyr (m); terthen (f).
tend, vb, (lean toward) stumma tro ha; tuedha; (habit)
bos usys dhe2; (patient) gwitha.
tender, adj, bludh.
tendency, n, stummans (m); plegyans (m); (trend)
tuedh (m), tuedhow (pl).
ten, card num, deg.
tennis, n, tennis (m).
tense, I adj, tynn; tydn (RLC); II n, (of verbs) amser (f),

amseryow (pl); present tense, n phr, amser alemmyn (f); amser a-lebmyn (f, RLC); imperfect
tense, n phr, amser anperfydh (f); perfect tense, n
phr, amser berfydh (f); pluperfect tense, n phr,
amser worberfydh (f); future tense, n phr, amser a
dheu (f); preterite tense, n phr, amser dremenys (f).
tension, n, tynder (m).
tent, n, tylda (m), tyldys (pl), tyldow (pl).
tenth, ord num, degves; abbr, 10ves.
tepid, adj, mygyl.
terabyte (TB), n, terabayt (m), terabaytys (pl); abbr, TB.
term, n, (word) ger (m), geryow (pl); (academic)
termyn (m); (trimester); trymis (m), trymisyow (pl).
terrible, adj, euthyk; ithik (RLC).
terribly, adv, euthyk; ithik (RLC).
terrify, vb, browehi; euthega.
terrified, adj, ownek; diegrys.
territory, n, tiredh (m), tiredhow (pl).
terror, n, euth (m); euthekter (m); browagh (m),
browahow (pl).
terrorist, n, broweghyas (m), browehysi (pl);
broweghyades (f), broweghyadesow (pl).
test, I n, prov (m), provow (pl); apposyans (m);
II vb, previ; tria; apposya.
testament, n, testament (m).
testify, vb, dustunia; desta; testifia.
testimony, n, dustuni (m), dustuniow (pl).
text, n, tekst (m), tekstow (pl).
than, I prp, ages; es; II cnj, es del2.
thank, vb, grassa; godhvos gras dhe 2; thank you!, phr,
meur ras dhis!; meurastaji!; gromerci dhis!; Duw re
dallo dhywgh hwi! (pl); Durdaladhehwei! (pl, RLC);
thank you for , phr, meur ras dhis/dhywgh a2...
(+noun); meur ras dhis/dhywgh rag (+verb); thank
God!, phr, meur ras dhe Dhuw!; dhe Dhuw re bo
grassys!
that, I dem adj, an ... na; that man, phr, an den na;
II prn, henna (m), honna (f); hedna (m, RLC), hodna
(f, RLC); (relative) neb a2; a2; that not, na2(g); that
which, phr, an pyth; an peth (RLC) III cnj, y5, yth,
del2; so that, phr, rag may5; mayth.
thaw, vb, teudhi; teudha (RLC).
the, art, an. {Note: lenites f sg nouns and m pl nouns
referring to persons.}
theatre, n, gwariva (f), gwarivaow (pl); gwariji (m),
gwarijiow (m); open-air theatre, n, plen an gwari
(m).
theft, n, ladrynsi (m); (individual crime) ladrans (m).
their, them, poss adj, aga3; ga3; aga3 ... i; (aga3) ... anjei
(RLC); (infixed) s.
theirs, prn, dhedha; dhedhans; aga re (pl); an peth
anjei (RLC); its theirs, phr, i an pyw; dhedhans i
yma.
them; see their.
themselves, prn, i aga honan; anjei (RLC).
then, I adv, ena; yn eur na; nena; II cnj, ytho; dhana.
therapy, n, yaghheans (m), yaghheansow (pl);
50

sawment (m); dyghtyans (m), dyghtyansow (pl).

there, adv, ena; from there, thence adv, alena; to there,
thither adv, dhi; di; there is, vb, yma; thereabouts,
adv, a-derdro; thereafter, adv, wosa henna; woja
hedna (RLC); thereby, adv, dre henna; der hedna
(RLC); gans henna; gans hedna (RLC); therefore, adv,
rag henna; rag hedna (RLC); alena; ytho.
thermometer, n, thermometer (m), thermometers (pl);
tempredhel (f), tempredhellow (pl).
these, I dem adj, an ma; II prn, an re ma.
they, prn, i; jei (RLC); anjei (RLC); (enclitic) i; anjei
(RLC).
thick, adj, tew.
thicken, vb, tewhe.
thickness, n, tewder.
thief, n, lader (m), ladron (pl); ladres (f), ladresow (pl).
thieve, vb, ladra.
thigh, n, mordhos (f), mordhosow (pl), diwvordhos
(dl).
thin, I adj, tanow; moon; kul; II vb, thin out, vb,
tanowhe.
thing, n, tra (neutr.), taklow (pl), taklennow (pl),
taklednow (pl, RLC), traow (pl); (gear) daffar; pyth
(m), pythow (pl); peth (m, RLC), pethow (pl, RLC).
think, vb, tybi; prederi; (believe) krysi; kreji (RLC);
think of, (remember) perthi kov a2; think oneself to
be, vb, omsynsi.
thinness, n, tanowder (m).
third, I comp num, tressa; tryja (RLC); the third day
from now, adv, godrevedh; II n, tressa rann (f), tryja
radn (f, RLC); abbr, 3a.
thirdly, adv, tressa; tryja (RLC).
thirst, n, sehes.
thirsty, be thirsty, phr, bos sehes dhe2; I am thirsty,
phr, sehes am beus; yma sehes dhymm; ma sehes
dhybm (RLC).
thirteen, card num, tredhek; terdhek (RLC).
thirteenth, comp num, tredhegves; terdhegves (RLC);
abbr, 13ves.
thirtieth, comp num, degves warn ugens; abbr, 30ves.
thirty, card num, deg warn ugens.
this, I dem adj, an ... ma; II prn, hemma (m), homma (f);
hebma (m, RLC), hobma (f, RLC); this is ... , phr,
hemm yw ... (m); homm yw ... (f).
thorn, n, dren (m), dreyn (pl); (bush) spernen (f),
spern (coll).
thorny, adj, drenek; spernek.
thorough, adj, dien; leun.
thoroughly, adv, yn tien; purra; teg ha glan.
those, I dem adj, an na; II prn, an re na; all those who,
phr, seul a2; kemmys a2; kebmys a2 (RLC).
though, cnj, kyn5, kynth (before a vowel).
thought, n, preder (m), prederow (pl); brys (m),
brysyow (pl); bres (m, RLC), bresyow (pl, RLC);
preder (m), prederow (pl); tybyans (m), tybyansow
(pl).
thoughtful, adj, prederus.

thoughtless, adj, dibreder.

thousand, card num, mil2 (f), milyow (pl); a thousand
times, adv, milweyth.
thousandfold, adj, milblek.
thousandth, ord num, milves; abbr, 1000ves.
thread, n, neusen (f), neujen (f, RLC), neus (coll); linen
(f), linennow (pl), linednow (pl, RLC).
threat, n, (with words) godros (m), godrosow (pl);
(from elsewhere) peryl (m), peryllyow (pl).
threaten, vb, godros; (t. idly) bragya.
three, card num, tri3 (m); trei (m, RLC); teyr3 (f); in
three days time, adv, godrevedh; three times, adv,
teyrgweyth;
threefold, adj, tryflek.
threshold, n, treudhow (m).
throat, n, bryansen (f), bryansennow (pl); branjen (f,
RLC), branjednow (pl, RLC).
through, prp, dre2, der (before a vowel); dredh (RLC);
a-dreus.
throughout, prp, dre bub rann; dre bub radn (RLC);
(over all) dres.
throw, I n, towl (m), towlow (pl); II vb, tewlel; towlel
(RLC); throw away, vb, tewlel dhe-ves; tewlel ynmes; throw down, vb, disevel; throw up (vomit), vb,
hwyja; hweja (RLC).
thrust, vb, pockya.
thumb n, meus (m), meusi (pl); bys bras (m), besies
bras (pl); bes broas (m, RLC), besies broas (pl, RLC).
thunder, I n, taran (f), tarennow (pl), tarednow (pl,
RLC); II vb, tarenna; taredna (RLC).
Thursday, n, Yow (m); dyYow (m); deYow (m, RLC);
Thursday night, n phr, dyYow dhe nos.
thus, adv, (like this) yndelma; yn fordh ma; (like that)
yndella; yn fordh na.
tick, n, (short moment) tecken (f), teckennow (pl),
teckednow (pl, RLC).
ticket, n, tokyn, toknys; ticket inspector, n, tokynner
(m), tokydner (m, RLC), tokynoryon (pl); ticketoffice, n, tokynva (f), tokynvaow (pl); ticket
machine, n, jynn tokyn (m), jynnow tokyn (pl),
jynnys tokyn (pl).
tickle, vb, debreni; kosa.
tide, n, lanwes mor (m); mortid (m), mortidys (pl);
high tide, n, morlanow (m), morlanowyow (pl);
lanow (m), lanowyow (pl); low tide, n, trig (m);
mordrik (m); neap-tide, n, marvor (m); marowvor
(m); spring-tide, n, reverthi (f), reverthiow (pl),
gorlanwes (m), gorlanwesow (pl).
tidy, adj, kempen; glanyth; make tidy, tidy up, phr,
kempenna; restra.
tie I n, kolm (m), kolmow (pl); (necktie) kolm konna
(m), kolmow konna (pl); kolm kodna (m, RLC),
kolmow kodna (pl); II vb, kelmi.
tiger, n, tiger (m), tigres (pl), tigri (pl).
tight adj, tynn; stroth; (drunk) medhow.
tightrope, n, lovan dynn (f), lovanow tynn (pl); lovan
dydn (f, RLC), lovanow tydn (pl, RLC); tightrope
51

walker, kerdher lovan (m), kerdhoryon lovan (pl).

tights, n pl, tynn(y)ow (pl); hosenow (pl, RLC).
tile, n, prilehen (f), prilehennow (pl), prilehednow (pl,
RLC).
till, I prp, (until) bys; bys yn (with nouns); bys dhe 2
(with pronouns); II cnj, bys pan2; bys may5; erna2,
ernag; ynter neb ha; trelebba (RLC); III n, (for
paying) rekenva (f); IV vb, (work land) gonis.
timber, n, tymber (m); (beam) prenn (m), prennyer
(pl).
time I n, termyn (m), termynyow (pl); prys (m),
presyow (pl); pres (m, RLC), prejyow (pl, RLC);
(occasion) treveth (f), trevethow (pl); (oclock) eur
(f), euryow (pl); a very long time, n, hirneth (f);
meal-time, n, prys boos (m); pres boos (m, RLC); all
the time, phr, pub eur oll; at all times, phr, pub
termyn; at any time, phr, nepprys; neppres (RLC);
at the same time, phr, yn keth termyn (kettermyn);
at this time, phr, yn tor ma; it is time to..., phr, prys
yw...; pres ew... (RLC); once upon a time, phr, yn
termyn eus passys; a long time ago, phr, nans yw
pell; what is the time?, phr, py eur yw?; waste time,
phr, gwibessa.
timetable, n, euryador (m), euryadoryow (pl); rol
dermynyow (f), rolyow termynyow (pl).
tin, n, (metal) sten (m); (vessel, can) kanna (m), kannys
(pl), kannow (pl); kavas (m), kavasow (pl); tinopener, n, ygerel gannys (f), ygerellow kannys (pl).
tinner, n, (miner) stenor (m), stenoryon (pl); steonres
(f), stenoresow (pl).
tiny, adj, munys.
tip, n, (point) toppyn (m), toppynnow (pl), toppydnow
(pl, RLC); (end) bleyn (m), bleynyow (pl); (waste)
skollva (f), skollvaow (pl); (money) grastal (m),
grastalyow (pl).
tire, vb, skwitha.
tired adj, skwith; skith (RLC).
tiresome, adj, skwithus.
tiring, adj, skwithus.
tissue, n, (fabric) gwias (m), gwiasow (pl); (paper
handkerchief) lien paper (m), lienyow paper (pl).
title, n, titel (m), titlys (pl), titlow (pl).
to, prp, dhe2; (towards) wor tu ha(g); up to, phr, bys;
bys yn; bys dhe2; to the place, adv, (thither) bys di.
toad n, kronek (m), kronoges (pl); kronek du (m); little
toad, n, kronegyn (m), kronegynnow (pl),
kronegydnow (pl, RLC).
toast, n, krasen (f), kras (coll).
toasted, adj, kras; kresys.
toaster, n, krasel (f), krasellow (pl); krasyor (m),
krasyoryon (pl).
today, adv, hedhyw; today week, phr, an jorna ma war
seythen (RLC).
toe, n, bys troos (m), bes troos (m, RLC), besies troos
(pl), besies troos (pl, RLC).
toffee, n, klyjienn (f), klyji (coll).
together, adv, war-barth; all together, phr, pubonan

war-barth; together with, war-barth ha.

toil, I n, lavur (m); lavuryans (m); II vb, lavurya.
toilet, n, (lavatory) attesva (f), attesvaow (pl);
privedhyow (pl.); pisva (f), pisvaow (pl); toilet
paper, n, paper privedhyow (m).
tomato, n, aval kerensa (m), avallow kerensa (pl); aval
kerenja (m, RLC), avallow kerenja (pl, RLC).
tomorrow, adv, a-vorow; the day after tomorrow, adv,
trenja; tomorrow morning, phr, ternos vyttin.
ton, tonne (metric), n, tonnas (m), tonasow (pl).
tone, n, ton (m), tonyow (pl); son (m), sonyow (pl).
tongue, n, taves (m), tavas (m), tavosow (pl); mother
tongue, n, mammyeth (f), mammyethow (pl); yeth
vamm (f), yethow mamm (pl); eth vabm (f, RLC),
ethow mabm (pl, RLC).
tonight, adv, haneth; haneth yn nos; haneth dhe nos.
too, adv, (also) ynwedh; maga ta; keffrys; keffres
(RLC); (too far, too great etc.) re 2; too many, too
much, adv, re (a2); too small, phr, re vyhan; re vian
(RLC); too much money, phr, re a vona; too many
people, phr, re a dus.
tool, n, toul (m), toulys (pl).
tooth, n, dans (m), dens (pl).
toothache, n, drog dans (m), drogow dans (pl); payn
dens (m), paynys dens (pl).
toothbrush, n, skubyllen dhens (f), skubylennow dens
(pl); skubylednow dens (pl, RLC).
toothpaste, n, dehen dens (m); tos dens (m).
top I n, gwartha (m), gwarthavyow (pl); penn (m),
pennow (pl); (lid) gorher (m), gorheryow (pl); on
top, adv, a-wartha.
topic, n, testen (f), testennow (pl), testednow (pl, RLC).
tor, n, karn (m), karnow (pl).
tortoise, n, melhwioges (f), melhwiogesow (pl); kronek
ervys (m), kronogow ervys (pl).
total, I adj, (whole) kowal; (complete) leun; II n, somm
(m), sommow (pl); sobm (m, RLC), sobmow (pl,
RLC); sommen (f), somennow (pl).
totally, adv, yn tien; ettien (RLC).
touch, I n, toch (m), tochys (pl); (sense) tava (m); in
touch, phr, yn-dann dava; get in touch with, phr,
kestava gans; II vb, tava; tochya.
tough, adj, (hard) kales; (pliable) gwedhyn; (rough
mannered) smat.
tour, n, torn (m), tornys (pl), tornow (pl).
tourism, n, touristieth (f); tornyaseth (f).
tourist, n, tourist (m), touristys (pl); tornyas (m),
tornysi (pl); (summer visitor) havyas (m), havysi
(pl); (derogatory) moryonen (f), moryon (coll).
toward(s), prp, war-tu ha(g); tro ha(g).
towel, n, towel (m), towellow (pl); mantel (m), mantylli
(pl).
tower, n, tour (m), touryow (pl).
town, n, tre (f), trev (f), trevow (pl); the town council,
n, konsel an dre (m); town councillor, n, konseler
an dre (m); the town hall, n, hel an dre (f); an
odyans (m, RLC); in town, phr, yn dre.
52

townsman, n, burjes (m), burjysi (pl).

toy, n, gwariel (f), gwariellow (pl); tegen (f), tegennow
(pl), tegednow (pl, RLC); toy-shop, n, gwerthji
gwariellow (m), gwerthjiow gwariellow (pl).
track, n, (trace) lergh (m), lerghow (pl); ol (m), olow
(pl); (footstep) kamm (m), kammow (pl); kabm (m,
RLC), kabmow (pl, RLC).
tractor, n, jynn tenna (m), jynnys tenna (pl), jynnow
tenna (pl); traktor (m, RLC), traktors (pl, RLC).
trade, I n, (commerce) kenwerth (m); trad (m);
(handcraft) kreft (f), kreftow (pl); trade union, n,
mysterlu (m), mysterluyow (pl); II vb, kenwertha.
tradition, n, hengov (m), hengovyow (pl); tradicyon
(m).
traditional adj, hengovek; tradicyonal.
traffic n, daromres (m); traffik (m); traffic lights, n,
golowys traffik (pl); traffic jam, n, daromdag (m);
tag (m).
trail, n, lergh (m), lerghow (pl); ol (m), olow (pl).
trailer, n, draylyer (m), draylyoryon (pl).
train, I n, (railway) tren (m), trenow (pl); train-driver,
n, lewyer trenow (m), lewyoryon drenow (pl); II vb,
dyski; deski (RLC).
trainer, n, (teacher) dyskador (m), dyskadoryon (pl);
(shoe), eskis sport (f), eskisyow sport (pl), skijyow
sport (pl, RLC).
trait, n, gnasen (f), gnasennow (pl); teythien (f), teythi
(coll).
tramp, n, skajyn (m), skajynnow (pl); skajen (m, RLC),
skajednow (pl, RLC); loselwas (m), loselwesyon (pl).
trample, vb, stankya; trettya; pootya.
tranquil, adj, kosel.
transfer, vb, treusperthi; treusworra.
translate, vb, treylya.
translation, n, treylyans (m), treylyansow (pl).
transmission, n, danvonadow (m); treusworrans (m).
transport, I n, treusporth (m), treusporthow (pl);
karyans (m); II vb, treusperthi.
trap, I n, maglen (f), maglennow (pl), maglednow (pl,
RLC); II vb, maglenna; magledna (RLC).
travel, vb, viajya; vajya (RLC); (on foot) travalya.
traveller, n, tremenyas (m), tremenysi (pl).
tray, n, servyour (m), servyours (pl); tallyour (m),
tallyours (pl).
tread, vb, stankya.
treasure, n, tresor (m), tresorys (pl), tresoryow (pl).
treat, vb, dyghtya.
treatment, n, dyghtyans (m).
tree, n, gwedhen (f), gwydh (coll), gwedh (coll, RLC).
tremble, vb, krena; kerna (RLC).
trial, n, (test) prov (m), provow (pl); (law) trial (m),
trials (pl); (attempt) assay (m), assays (pl).
trick, I n, prat (m), prattys (pl); hyg (f), hygow (pl);
kast (m), kastys (pl); II vb, gul prat; hyga; kestya.
trip, I n, viaj (m), viajyow (pl), viajys (pl); (on foot)
travel (m), travellys (pl); II vb, (trip up) disevel;
omdhisevel; trebuchya.

trolley, n, karigel (f), karigellow (pl).

troop, n, lu (m), luyow (pl); koskor (pl); meni (coll).
trouble, I n, ahwer; kedrynn (f); kedrydn (f, RLC);
whats the trouble with you?, phr, pandra hwer
dhis? II vb, serri.
trousers, npl, lavrek (m), lavrogow (pl).
true, adj, gwir.
truly, adv, yn tevri; devri; yn gwir; dhe wir; yn hwir.
trumpet, n, hirgorn (m), hirgern (pl).
trunk, n, (tree) ben (m), benyow (pl); (box) kofer (m),
kofrow (pl); (animal) tron (m), tronow (pl); (car
boot) trog (m), trogow (pl).
trust, I n, fydhyans (m); II vb, trestya, (have faith)
fydhya; (lend ear, entrust) kola; trust me!, phr, kol
orthiv!
truth, n, gwiryonedh (m), gwiryonedhow (pl); gwir
(m), gwiryow (pl).
try, vb, tria; assaya, saya (RLC); (in court) previ; tria.
T-shirt, n, krys T (m), krysyow T (pl).
tub, n, kibel (f), kibellow (pl); keryn (f), kerynyow (pl);
hot tub, n phr, kibel domm (f), kibellow tomm (pl);
kibel dobm (f, RLC), kibellow tobm (pl, RLC).
tube, n, piben (f), pibennow (pl), pibednow (pl, RLC);
the Tube (London Underground), n, an Bib (f); an
Metro (m).
Tuesday, n, Meurth (m); dyMeurth (m); deMeurth (m,
RLC); Tuesday night, n phr, dyMeurth dhe nos.
tumbler (glass), n, gwedren (f), gwedrennow (pl),
gwedrednow (pl, RLC).
tummy, n, torr (m), torrow (pl).
tumult, n, tervans (m).
tune, n, ton (m), tonyow (pl); melodi (m); ilow (f).
tunnel, n, kewfordh (f), kewfordhow (pl); tron (m,
RLC), tronow (pl, RLC).
turkey, n, yar Gyni (f), yer Gyni (pl).
turmoil, n, tervans (m).
turn I n, (of wheel; in taking turns) tro (f), troyow (pl);
torn (m), tornys (pl); II vb, treylya; turn around, vb,
omdreylya; turn away, vb, treylya dhyworth; turn
back, vb, dehweles; turn into, vb, omwul; turn off,
vb, (switch) skwychya yn-mes; skwychya yn farow;
ladha; turn on, vb, (switch) skwychya yn fyw;
enowi.
TV, n, pellwolok (f), pellwologow (pl); abbr, PW; telli
(m, RLC).
twelfth, ord num, dewdhegves; abbr, 12ves.
twelve, card num, dewdhek, dowdhek (RLC).
twentieth, ord num, ugensves; abbr, 20ves.
twenty, card num, ugens.
twice, adv, diwweyth.
twig, n, barren (f), barennow (pl), barednow (pl, RLC).
twilight, n, mo (m).
twin, n, gevel (m), gevellyon (pl), gevellas (pl); gevelles
(f), gevelesow (pl).
twist, vb, gwia; (twist lips); kamma; kabma (RLC);
stumma; (spin, braid) nedha; (coil) terhi.
two, card num, dew (m), diw (f).
53

twofold, adj, dewblek.

type I n, (kind) ehen (f), ehennow (pl); II vb, jynnskrifa.
tyre, n, bonden (f), bondennow (pl), bondednow (pl,
RLC).

kesunyansow (pl).
unique, adj, unnik; udnik (RLC) dibarow; heb parow.
unit, n, (mathematics) unses (m), (teaching) dyskans
(m).
unity, n, unses (m).
university, n, pennskol (f), pennskolyow (pl);
universita (m), universites (pl).
unkind, adj, anhwek; diguv; onkynda; dignas.
unknown, adj, ankoth.
unlawful, adj, anlahel; erbynn an laha; erbydn an laha
(RLC).
unless, cnj. marnas; mas.
unlike adj, dihevelep.
unlikely, adj; diwirhaval; its unlikely, phr, skant ny yll
bos.
unload vb, diskarga.
unlock vb, dialhwedha.
unmarried, adj, dibries; andhemedhys; heb pries (RLC).
unnatural, adj, dinatur; warbydn kynda (RLC).
unnecessary, adj, heb res.
unopened, adj, deges; heb y ygeri.
unpack, vb, didrossa.
unpleasant, adj, diflas.
unquestionably, adv, heb dout; heb dhout.
unsafe, adj, diantel.
unsatisfactory, adj, dilowr; anplegadow.
unsettle, vb, ankombra.
unsuitable, adj, anwiw.
untidy, adj, ankempen; digempen.
untie, vb, digelmi.
until, till, I prp, bys; bys yn (with nouns); bys dhe 2
(with pronouns); II cnj, bys pan2; bys may5; erna2
(before a consonant); ernag (before a vowel).
untruthful, adj, gowek.
unusual, adj, koynt.
unwell, adj, anyagh; klav; kajek (RLC).
unwilling, adj, anvodhek.
up, adv, yn-bann; madn (RLC); war-vann; stand up, phr,
sa bann!; speak up!, phr, kows yn uhel!; what are
you up to?, phr, pandresta ow kul? pyth esta ow
kul?; up the street, phr, an stret yn-bann; is she up
yet?, phr, usi hi ay sav hwath?
upload, vb, ughkarga; charjya.
upon, prp, war2; orth; (in oaths) re2; (clothes) a-dro
dhe2; dres; yn kerhyn.
upright adj, serth; pedrek (RLC); (morally) ewnhynsek.
upset, I adj, distemprys; II vb, (turn upside-down)
disevel.
upside down, adv, war y benn; a-wartha a-woles.
upstairs, I adv, war-vann; war-wartha; II n, soler (m),
soleryow (pl).
upward, upwards, adv, war-vann; yn-bann; madn
(RLC).
urban, adj, trevek; trevel.
urge, n, ynni (m), yniow (pl).
urgent, adj, yniadow; ter; it is urgent, phr, res porres
yw.

U, u
ugh!, int, ogh!
ugly, adj, hager. {Note: hager stands before the noun it
describes.}
ultimate, cmp, diwettha.
umbrella, n, glawlen (f), glawlennow (pl), glawlednow
(pl, RLC).
un-, prf, an-; di-; dis-; heb.
unable, adj, diallos; (to speak) omlavar; (to move) stag.
unacceptable, adj, ankemeradow; onfytti.
unbearable, adj, re vehus; anporthadow.
unbelievable, adj, ankrysadow.
uncertain, adj, ansur; diantel.
uncle, n, ewnter (m), ewntres (pl); ownter (m, RLC),
owntres (pl, RLC).
unconscious, adj, (fainting) klamderek; mes ay skians;
(unaware) diswar.
unconsciously, adv, heb godhvos.
uncover, vb, diskudha.
under, I adv, a-woles; II prp, yn-dann2; en-dadn (RLC);
from under, prp, a-dhann2; a-dhadn.
underground, adj, yn-dann dhor; en-dadn dor (RLC);
London Underground, n phr, an Bib (f); an Metro
(m).
underneath, I adv, a-woles; II prp, yn-dann2.
underpants, n pl, islavrek (m), islavrogow (pl); lavrek
byhan (m), lavrogow byhan (pl); lavrek nessa (m),
lavrogow nessa (pl).
understand, vb, konvedhes; onderstondya.
understanding, n, (comprehension) konvedhes (m);
(agreement) unverheans (m), unverheansow (pl).
undertake, vb, omgemeres.
undertaking, n, omgemeryans (m), omgemeryansow
(pl); charj (m), charjys (pl).
underwater, adj, yn-dann dhowr; en-dadn dowr (RLC).
underwear, n, dillas nessa (m).
undo, vb, (destroy) diswul; (untie) digelmi.
undone, adj, (devastated) diswrys; (untied) digelmys.
undress, vb, diwiska; diski; omdhiski.
uneasy, adj, anes.
unemployed, adj, diweyth; heb hwel.
unexpected, adj, tromm; trobm (RLC); anwortys.
unfair, adj, anewn.
unfortunate, adj, truan; anfeusik, anfujik (RLC).
unfortunately, adv, soweth; yn gwettha prys.
unfriendly, adj, anhwek; diguv.
ungrateful, adj, ongrassyes.
unhappy, adj, trist; moredhek; anfeusik; anfujik (RLC).
unhealthy, adj, anyagh.
unintentional, adj, didowl.
union, n, unyans (m), unyansow (pl); kesunyans (m),
54

urgently, adv, porres.

urinate, vb, pisa.
urine, n, urin (m); pisas (m).
urinal, n, urnel (m), urnels (pl); pisva (f); pisvaow (pl).
us, we prn, ni; nei (RLC); (poss adj) agan, gan; (infixed)
gan, n; (emphatic) nyni; nei (RLC).
use, I n, devnydh (m), devnydhyow (pl); usyans (m); us
(m); II vb, gul devnydh a2; usya.
used, adj, usys, devnydhys; Im not used to it, phr, nyns
yw usys genev; I used to do it, phr, my an gwre.
useful, adj, vas; gwerek (RLC); dhe les.
usefulness, n, les (m); talvosogeth (f).
useless, adj, nyns yw vas; ny wra vas.
user, n, devnydhyer (m), devnydhyoryon (pl); usyer
(m), usyoryon (pl); user name, n, hanow usyer (m).
usual, adj, usys; usadow; as usual, phr, del yw usys;
herwydh usadow.
usually, adv, del yw usys.
utensil, n, lester (m), lestri (pl).
utter, I adj, dien; kowal; II vb, leverel; lawl (RLC); uttra.
utterly, adv, glan; heb namm; heb nabm (RLC); yn tien;
ettien (RLC).

vehicle, n, karr (m), kerri (pl).

veil, n, vayl (f), vaylys (pl); kudhlen (f), kudhlennow
(pl), kudhlednow (pl, RLC).
vein, n, (blood-vessel) gwythien (f), gwythi (coll);
(stream) gooth (f), g othi (pl); (of tin ore) skorren
(f), skorennow (pl), skorednow (pl, RLC).
venture, I n, aventur (m), aventuryow (pl); II vb,
bedha.
Venus, name, Gwener (f).
verify, vb, gwirya; gwirhe.
vernacular, adj, teythyek; vernacular language, n phr,
yeth teythyek (f), yethow teythyek (pl).
verse, n, gwers (f), gwersyow (pl).
version, n, versyon (m), versyons (pl).
vertical, adj, plommwedhek; serth.
very, adv, pur2; fest; very good, phr, pur dha.
vessel, n, lester (m), lestri (pl).
vest, n, vesta (m), vestys (pl); pows nessa (f).
vet, veterinary surgeon, n, medhek bestes (m),
medhygyon
vestes
(pl);
milvedhek
(m),
milvedhygyon (pl).
via, prp, dre2, der (before vowel).
vicar, n, pronter (m), pronteryon (pl).
vicious, adj, hegas.
victory, n, trygh (m); viktori (m).
video, n, gwydhyow (m), gwydhyowyow (pl); video
(m), videos (pl).
view, n, golok (f), gologow (pl); gwel (m), gwelyow (pl);
vu (m), vuys (pl).
vigorous, adj, freth; men.
village n, trev (f), trevow (pl); treveglos (f), trevow
eglos (pl), treveglosyow (pl); gwig (f), gwigow (pl).
vinegar, n, aysel (m).
vineyard, n, gwinlan (f), gwinlannow (pl), gwinladnow
(pl, RLC).
violence, n, garowder (m); freudh (m), freudhow (pl).
violent, adj, garow; gwyls; freudhek.
violet, I adj, (colour) glasrudh; purpur; II n, (flower)
melyonen (f), mellyon (coll).
violin, n, krowd (m), krowdys (pl); fyll (m), fyllys (pl),
fyllow (pl).
virgin, I adj, gwyrgh; II n, gwerhes (f), gwerhesow (pl).
virile, adj, gourel.
virtue, n, vertu (f), vertus (pl); ras (m), rasow (pl).
virtuous, adj, rasek; rajek (RLC); mas; glan.
vision n, (sense) golok (f); (apparition, imagination)
gwelesigeth (f), gwelesigethow (pl).
visit I n, godrik (m), godrigow (pl); vysytyans (m),
vysytyansow (pl); II vb, godriga; omweles gans;
visitya.
visitor, n, godriger (m), godrigoryon (pl); godrigores
(f), godrigoresow (pl); vysytyer (m), vysytyoryon
(pl); vysytyores (f), vysytyoresow (pl).
vocabulary, n, gerva (f), gervaow (pl); (list) rester
geryow (f).
vocation, n, galwesigeth (f), galwesigethow (pl).
voice, n, lev (m), levow (pl).

V, v
vacant, adj, gwag.
vacation, n, termyn gwag (m); dygol (m), dygolyow
(pl); degol (m, RLC), degolyow (pl, RLC).
vacuum, n, gwagva (f), gwagvaow (pl); gwakter (m),
gwakteryow (pl); vacuum cleaner, n, skubel sugna
(f), skubellow sugna (pl).
vagabond, n, brybour (m), brybours (pl).
vagina, n, kons (f), konsyow (pl).
vague, adj, niwlek.
vain, adj, (fruitless) koog; (full of oneself) omgerensek.
vale, n, nans (m), nansow (pl).
valid, adj, ewn; a vri.
valley, n, nans (m), nansow (pl); vali (m), valis (pl);
deep wooded valley, n phr, glynn (m), glynnow (pl);
glydn (m, RLC), glydnow (pl, RLC); small valley, n
phr, golans (m), golansow (pl).
valuable, adj, a bris; talvosek.
value, I n, talvosogeth (f), talvosogethow (pl); (price)
pris (m), prisyow (pl); II vb, talvos; tyli.
van, n, karven (m), karvenow (pl); kertik (m), kertigow
(pl).
vanish, vb, mos mes a wel; vansya; voydya.
various, adj, divers; dyffrans; liesek.
vary, vb, treylya; varya.
vat, n, keryn (f), kerynyow (pl).
veal, n, kig leugh (m).
vegetable, n, losowen gegin (f), losow kegin (coll);
lojowen dhebri (f, RLC), lojow debri (coll, RLC).
vegetarian, n, losoweger (m), losowegoryon (pl);
lojoweger (m, RLC), lojowegoryon (pl, RLC);
losowegores (f), losowegoresow (pl); lojowegores
(f), lojowegoresow (pl, RLC).
55

volcano, n, loskvenydh (m), loskvenydhyow (pl);

menydh tan (m), menydhyow tan (pl); mena tan (m,
RLC), menedhyow tan (pl, RLC).
voluntary, adj, bodhek.
volunteer, n, bodhek (m), bodhogyon (pl).
vomit, vb, hwyja; hweja (RLC).
vote, I n, raglev (m), raglevow (pl); vota (m), votys (pl);
II vb, ragleva; votya.
vowel, n, bogalen (f), bogalennow (pl), bogalednow (pl,
RLC).
voyage, n, viaj (m), viajyow (pl), viajys (pl); (sea
voyage) trumach (m), trumajys (pl), trumajow (pl).

(RLC); tommhe; tobmhe (RLC).

warmth, n, tomder (m).
warn, vb, gwarnya.
warning, n, gwarnyans (m), gwarnyansow (pl).
wary, adj, war.
wash, I n, golgh (m); II vb, golhi; wash oneself, vb,
omwolhi; wash up/wash the dishes, vb, golhi an
lestri.
washbasin, n, new (f), newyow (pl).
washing, n, golgh (m), golhow (pl); golhas (m),
golhasow (pl); washing machine, n, jynn golhi (m),
jynnys golhi (pl), jynnow golhi (pl); washing
powder, n, lisiw.
wasp, n, gohien (f), gohi (coll).
waste, adj, wast; difeyth; II n, (rubbish, squandering)
skoll (m), skollyon (pl.); atal (coll); III vb, skollya;
gwastya.
watch, I n, (vigil) gool (m), golyow (pl); (timepiece)
euryor (f), euryoryow (pl); watch (m), watchys (pl);
II vb, (look at) mires orth; watch out, phr, warya;
kemeres with; watch over, phr, gwitha war2; watch
television, phr, mires orth an bellwolok; keep
watch, phr, golya.
water, I n, dowr (m), dowrow (pl); II vb, dowra;
dowrhe.
waterfall, n, dowrlam (m), dowrlammow (pl),
dowrlabmow (pl, RLC).
wave, n, tonn (f), tonnow (pl), todnow (pl, RLC).
wavelength n, tonnhys (m), tonnhysow (pl).
wax, n, koren (f), kor (coll).
way, n, fordh (f), fordhow (pl); (custom) trad (m);
(manner) maner (f), manerow (pl); gis (m), gisyow
(pl); geis (m, RLC), geisyow (pl, RLC); on his way out,
phr, hag ev ow mos yn-mes; in this way, adv,
yndelma; in that way, phr, yndella; in any way, phr,
war neb kor; no way!, int, gwra y ankevi! (sg),
gwrewgh y ankevi! (pl); kammen vyth!
we, prn, ni; nei (RLC); (infixed) gan, n. (enclitic) ni;
nei (RLC).
weak, adj, gwann; gwadn (RLC).
weaken, vb, gwannhe; gwadnhe (RLC).
weakness n, gwander (m).
wealth, n, rychys (pl); pyth (m), pythow (pl); peth (m,
RLC), pethow (pl, RLC); worldly wealth, n, pythow
an bys (pl); pethow an bes (pl, RLC).
wealthy, adj, rych; golusek.
weapon, n, arv (f), arvow (pl).
wear, I n, gwisk (m); II vb, gwiska; don; degi (RLC);
wear out, vb, usya.
weariness, n, skwithter (m); skithter (RLC).
weary, adj, skwith; skith (RLC).
weather, I n, awel (f), awelyow (pl); kewer (f); fine
weather, n, kewer vas (f); bad weather, n, hager
awel (f).
weave, vb, gwia.
web, n, gwias (m), gwiasow (pl), gwi (f), gwiow (pl);
World Wide Web, n, gwi bysefan (f).

W, w
wage, n, gober (m), gobrow (pl).
wail, vb, kyni.
waist n, kres (m).
waistcoat n, kryspows (f), kryspowsyow (pl).
wait, I n, gortos; II vb, (expect) gortos; (anticipate)
gwaytyas; wait in line (US), vb, gul lost, lostya; wait
upon, vb, servya; wait a moment!, phr, gorta pols!
(sg), gortewgh pols! (pl).
waiter, n, servyas (m), servysi (pl), servyji (pl, RLC).
waiting room, n, stevel wortos (f), stevelow gortos (pl);
rom gortos (m), romys gortos (pl).
waitress, n, servyades (f), servyadesow (pl).
wake I, n, (vigil) gool (m), golyow (pl); II, vb, (someone
else) difuna; (by oneself) omdhifuna.
Wales, top, Kembra (f).
walk, I n, kerdh (m), kerdhow (pl); II vb, kerdhes.
wall, n, fos (f), fosow (pl); party wall, n, paros (m),
parosyow (pl).
wallet, n, tigen (f), tigennow (pl), tigednow (pl, RLC);
skryp (m), skryppys (pl).
wallpaper, n, paper fos (m), paperyow fos (pl); paper
paros (m), paperyow paros (pl).
walnut, n, knowen Frynk (f), knofen Frenk (f, RLC),
know Frynk (coll).
wander, vb, gwandra.
want, I n, (need, lack) fowt (m); (desire) hwans (m),
hwansow (pl); odhom (m), odhommow (pl),
odhobmow (pl, RLC); edhom (m, RMC), edhommow
(pl, RMC); II vb, (require) bos fowt dhe2; (desire) bos
hwans dhe2 nebonan a2 neppyth; (will) mynnes;
mednes (RLC); ; I want it, phr, yma hwans dhymm
anodho; ma hwans dhybm anodho (RLC); hwans
am beus anodho.
war, n, (armed conflict) kas (f), kasow; (dispute) bresel
(f), breselyow (pl); to go to war, vb, breseli; mos
dhen gas.
wardrobe n, gwiskti (m), gwisktiow (m); dilasva (f),
dilasvaow (m); wardrobe lady, n, mestres dilasow
(f), mestresow dilasow (pl).
warehouse, n, gwaraji (m), gwarajiow (pl).
warm, I adj, tomm; tobm (RLC); II vb, tomma; tobma
56

webmaster, n, gwiasvester (m), gwiasvestrysi (pl);

gwiasvestres (f), gwiasvestresow (pl).
webmail, n, gwiaspost (m), gwiaspostow (pl).
website, n, gwiasva (f), gwiasvaow (pl).
wedding, n, demedhyans (m), demedhyansow (pl).
Wednesday n, Merher (m); dyMerher (m); deMerher
(m, RLC); Wednesday night, n phr, dyMerher dhe
nos.
weed, n, hwennen (f), hwenn (coll).
week, n, seythen (f), seythennyow (pl), seythednow
(pl, RLC).
weekend, n, penn seythen (m), pennow seythen (pl);
pedn seythen (m, RLC), pednow seythen (pl, RLC);
pennseythen (f), pennseythennyow (pl); over the
weekend, phr, dres an Sul; today week, phr, an jorna
ma war seythen.
weekly, I adj, seythennyek; seythednek (RLC); II adv,
pub seythen; III (publication) n, jornal seythennyek
(m), jornals seythennyek (pl); jornal seythednek (m,
RLC), jornals seythednek (pl, RLC).
weep, vb, ola; dagrewi.
weigh, vb, poosa.
weight I n, poos (m), posow (pl); poster (m), posterow
(pl).
weird, adj, koynt.
welcome, I adj, wolkom; welcome to St. Ives, phr, Porth
Ia agas dynnergh; yma Porth Ia orth agas
wolkomma; II n, dynnargh (m); wolkom (m);
recevans (m); III vb, wolkomma; wolkobma (RLC);
dynerhi.
well, I adj, yagh; yn poynt da; to get well, phr, gwellhe;
I am well, phr, yagh ov; yma ow yehes vy dhymm;
ma an ehes vy dhybm (RLC); yn poynt da ov; II adv,
yn ta; mas; very well, phr, pur dha; well done!, phr,
pur dha dhis! (sg), pur da dhywgh! (pl); well
behaved, phr, doth; well known phr, gerys da; III int.
well!
Welsh, I adj, Kembrek; II n, (language) Kembrek.
Welshman, n, Kembro (m), Kembrion (pl).
Welshwoman n, Kembres (f), Kembresow (pl).
West, n, west (m); howlsedhes (m); gorlewin (f).
western, adj, west; an west; an howlsedhes.
wet, I adj, glyb; gleb (RLC); II vb, glybya.
whale, n, morvil (m), morviles (pl).
what, I prn, pyth; peth (RLC); pandra; pan 2; what is
that?, phr, pandryw henna?; pandrew hedna?
(RLC); pyth yw henna?; peth ew hedna? (RLC); what,
that which, prn, an pyth; an peth (RLC); now what?,
phr, fatel vydh lemmyn?; fatel vedh lebmyn? (RLC);
whats the matter?, phr, pandra hwer?; pandryw
an mater?; II adj, py; pe (RLC); pana2; whats your
name?, phr, py hanow os ta?; pyth yw dha hanow?;
what a pity!, phr, truedh!; what kind of ...?, phr,
pana2...?; what the devil!, phr, piw an jowl!; III int,
dar!
whatever, prn, pynag (oll); penag (RLC); pyseul a2;
peseul a2 (RLC).

wheat, n, gwaneth (coll).

wheel, n, ros (f), rosow (pl).
wheelchair, n, kador ros (f), kadoryow ros (pl).
when, I adv, peur5; II cnj, pan2; pana dermyn; termyn
(RLC); neb.
whenever, adv, byth pan2; peskweyth may5.
where, I adv, ple5, pleth (before a vowel); py 5, pyth
(before a vowel); II cnj, le may5 (before a
consonant); le mayth (before a vowel); lebma (RLC);
py tyller; pe teller (RLC).
wherever, adv, py le pynag; pe le penag (RLC).
wherewithal, n, pygans (m).
whether, cnj, bo; po; mar4; mars.
which, prn, (interrog.) py; pe (RLC); (of two) pyneyl;
peneyl (RLC); piw a2; that which, phr, an pyth; an
peth (RLC); an dra; (relative particle) a 2; (with
prepositions) may5.
whichever, prn, pynag oll; penag oll (RLC); pyneyl;
peneyl (RLC).
while, I cnj, hedre2; ha(g); II n, pols (m), polj (m); prys
(m); pres (m, RLC); tecken (f); a little while ago, adv,
a-gensow; while I was at school, phr, ha my yn skol;
hedre ven yn skol.
whim, n, sians (m), siansow (pl).
whisky, n, hwyski (m); dowr tomm Alban (m); dowr
tobm Alban (m, RLC); gwires Alban (m).
whisper, I n, hanas (m), hanasow (pl), hanajow (pl,
RLC); hwystren (f), hwystrennow (pl), hwystrednow
(pl, RLC); II vb, hwystra; hanasa; hanaja (RLC).
whistle, I n, (sound) hwibanans (m); (whiz) hwiban
(m); (instrument) hwythel (f), hwythellow (pl);
hwibanowl (f), hwibanowlow (pl); II vb, hwibana.
white, I adj, gwynn.
who, whom, I pers prn, piw; II rel prn, a2; neb a2,
(perfective) re2.
whoever, prn, pynag (oll); penag (oll) (RLC); seul.
whole, I adj, (healthy) yagh; salow; (complete) kowal;
dien; (prefixed) kowl-; II n, myns oll (m); mens oll
(m, RLC); the whole, phr, an oll; oll an; as a whole,
on the whole, phr, dre vras.
wholly, adv, yn tien; oll; (as prefix) kowl-.
whose prn, piw; whose car is this?, phr, piw a byw an
karr ma?; dhe biw usi an karr ma? karr piw yw
henna?; (relative) hes the man whose father is in
London, phr, ev yw an den mayth usi y das yn
Loundres.
why, I adv, prag5; praga5; rag fra (RLC); why are you
here?, phr, prag yth esos omma?; why arent you
here?, phr, prag nag esos omma?; why ... not, phr,
prag na2; why not?, phr, prag le? prag na?; II cnj, rag;
rag hemma; rag henna; rag hebma (RLC); rag hedna
(RLC); thats why hes going home, phr, rag henna
yma va ow mos tre; III why! int, dar!
wicked, adj, drog; tebel. {Note: tebel stands before the
noun it describes; drog can stand before or after the
noun.}
wickedness n, drokter (m); drokoleth (m & f).
57

wide, adj, ledan; efan; wide awake, adj, pur dhifun.

widen, vb, ledanhe.
widow, n, gwedhwes (f), gwedhwesow (pl).
widowed, adj, gwedhow.
widower, n, gwedhow (m), gwedhowyon (pl).
width, n, les (m); lester (m, RLC).
wife, n, gwreg (f), gwragedh (pl); farmers wife, n,
tioges (f), tiogesow (pl).
wild, adj, gwyls; goodh; wild animal, n, godhvil (m),
godhviles.
will, I n, bolonjedh (m), bolonjedhow; bodh (m);
(testament) kemynskrif (m), kemynskrif (m, RLC),
kemynskrifow (pl); II vb, mynnes; mednes (RLC);
I will go home, phr, my a vynn mos tre; my a vedn
mos tre (RLC); do what you will, phr, gwra kepar
del vynni.
willing, adj, bodhek; if you are willing, phr, mars yw
dha vodh.
willow, n, helygen (f), helyk (coll).
win, vb, gwaynya.
winch, n, gwyns (f), gwynsys (pl).
wind, I n, gwyns (m), gwynsow (pl); break wind, phr,
bramma; brabma (RLC); wind farm, wind park, n,
park gwyns (m), parkow gwyns (pl); tredanva wyns
(f), tredanvaow gwyns (pl); II vb, treylya; stumma.
windmill, n, melin wyns (f), melinyow gwyns (pl),
melidnyow gwyns (pl, RLC).
window n, fenester (f), fenestri (pl); beister (f, RLC),
beistri (pl, RLC).
windsurfing, n, astelwolyans (m); go windsurfing, vb,
astelwolya.
windy adj, gwynsek; gwynjek (RLC).
wine, n, gwin (m), gwinow (pl); red wine, n, gwin rudh
(m); white wine, n, gwin gwynn; gwin gwydn (RLC).
wing, n, askel (f), eskelli (pl).
winter, n, gwav (m), gwoav (m, RLC), gwavow (pl); all
winter, phr, dres an gwav; in winter, phr, yn gwav.
wipe, vb, seha.
wire, n, gwivren (f), gwiver (coll), gwivrow (pl).
wisdom, n, furneth (m); skians (m), skiansow (pl).
wise, adj, fur; konnyk; kodnyk (RLC); skentel; skiansek.
wish, I n, hwans (m); bolonjedh (m); bodh (m); II vb,
mynnes; mednes (RLC); I wish to, phr, yma hwans
dhymm a2; ma hwans dhybm a2 (RLC).
wits, pl n, konnyk (m); kodnyk (m, RLC); skians (m);
out of his wits, phr, mes ay skians.
witty, adj, didhan.
with, prp, gans; gen (RLC) {Note: in RLC, gen is used
before consonants and gans before vowels and h}; along
with, phr, a-barth dhe2; with me, prp prn, genev;
genama (RLC); with you, prp prn, genes (sg);
genowgh (pl); with him, prp prn, ganso; ganjo (RLC);
with her, prp prn, gensi; with us, prp prn, genen;
with them, prp prn, gansa; gansans; ganjans (RLC).
within, I prp, a-ji dhe2; a-jei (RLC); yn; a-berth yn; (of
time) kyns penn; kens pedn (RLC); II adv, a-ji; a-jei
(RLC).

without, prp, heb; a-der; without doubt, phr, heb mar;

heb dhout; heb dout; without me, prp prn, hebov;
without you, prp prn, hebos (sg); hebowgh (pl);
without him, prp prn, hebdho; without her, prp prn,
hebdhi; without us, prp prn, hebon; without them,
prp prn, hebdha; hebdhans.
witty, adj, didhanus; hwarthus; sellys.
wizard, n, pystrier (m), pystrioryon (pl).
woe, n, gew (m), gewow (pl); woe is me!, int, go vy!
wolf, n, bleydh (m), bleydhes (pl).
woman, n, benyn (f), benenes (pl).
wonder, I n, marth (m), marthow (pl); aneth (m),
anethow (pl); II vb, I wonder, phr, (have doubt) yma
dout dhymm na vo gwir; (surprised) marth am
beus; marth yw genev; I wonder at them, phr, marth
am beus anedha; yma marth dhymm anedha; ma
marth dhybm anedha (RLC).
wonderful, adj, marthys; barthek (RLC).
wood, n, (forest) koos (m), kosow (pl); (material) prenn
(m), prennyer (pl); predn (m, RLC), prednyer (pl,
RLC).
wooden, adj, prenn; predn (RLC); a brenn; a bredn
(RLC).
wool, n, gwlan (coll); gwloan (coll, RLC).
word, n, ger (m), geryow (pl); in other words, phr, war
eryow erel; henn yw dhe leverel; by word of mouth,
phr, war anow.
work, I n, ober (m), oberow (pl); hwel (m), hwelyow
(pl); (labour) lavur (m); work-day, working day, n,
gweyth (m), gweythyow (pl); II vb, lavurya; oberi;
set to work, phr, gweytha.
workbench, n, bynk (f), bynkyow (pl); benk (f, RLC),
benkys (pl, RLC).
worker, n, gweythor (m), gweythoryon (pl); oberer
(m), oberoryon (pl); oberores (f), oberoresow (pl).
workman, n, oberwas (m), oberwesyon (m); gwas hwel
(m), gwesyon hwel (pl); gweythor (m),
gweythoryon (pl).
world, n, bys (m), bysow (pl); bes (m, RLC), besow (pl,
RLC); all over the world; worldwide phr, dres oll an
bys; the world, phr, an bys; an nor; an norvys.
worm, n, pryv (m), pryves (pl), prevyon (pl);
(earthworm) bulugen (f), buluk (coll).
worry, I n, preder (m), prederow (pl); II vb, serri; ania;
nia; (someone) grevya; duwenhe; dont worry!, na
vydh aniys! (sg), na vedhewgh aniys! (pl); Im
worried about him, phr, grevys ragdho ov; Im
worried, phr, (afraid) yma own dhymm; ma own
dhybm (RLC).
worse, cmp, gweth; lakka.
worsen, vb, gwethhe.
worship, I n, golohas (m); II vb, gordhya.
worst, adj sup, gwettha; lakka.
worth, I adj, talvedhys; it isnt worth much ny dal
nameur; it is not worth anything at all, phr, ny dal
mann; ny dal oy; II n, talvosogeth (f); pris (m); III to
be worth, vb phr, talvesa.
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worthless, adj, koog; raff.

worthy adj, gwiw; gwew (RLC); wordhi.
wound, I n, goli (m), goliow (pl); (injury) brew (m),
brewyon (pl); II vb, golia; brewi; browi (RLC).
wrap, vb, wrappya; maylya.
wreck, n, gwreck (m), gwreckys (pl).
wrestle, vb, omdewlel; omdowlel (RLC).
wrestling, n, (sport) omdowl.
wretched, adj, truan; trogh; (unlucky) anfeusik; anfujik
(RLC); (hateful) hegas.
wring, vb, strotha; gwrynnya; gwrydnya (RLC).
wrist, n, konna bregh (m), kodna bregh (m, RLC),
konaow bregh (pl), dewgonna bregh (dl), dewgodna
bregh (dl, RLC).
write, vb, skrifa.
writing, n, skrif (m), skrifow (pl).
wrong, I adj, (incorrect) kamm; kabm (RLC);
(mistaken) kammgemerys; miskemerys (RLC); (bad)
drog; II n, drokoleth (m & f); kamm (m), kammow
(pl); kabm (m, RLC), kabmow (pl, RLC); III vb, gul
kamm erbynn; gwul kabm warbydn (RLC);
dregynna.

yesterday morning, adv, de vyttin.

yet, adv, hwath.
yield, vb, (give way) plegya.
yoghurt, n, yogort (m), yogortys (pl), yogortow (pl).
yolk, n, melyn oy (m), melenyow oy (pl).
yonder, I adj, enos; nos; II adv, yn hons; enos.
you, prn, (sg) ty; che (RLC); (pl), hwi; hwei (RLC);
(enclitic, sg) jy; ta; (enclitic, pl) hwi; hwei (RLC);
(infixed, sg) th5; (infixed, pl) gas.
young, adj, yowynk; yonk (RLC); when I was young,
phr, ha my yowynk; pan en vy maw (m); pan en vy
mowes (f).
your, prn (poss adj), (sg), dha2; (pl), agas, gas; (infixed,
sg), th5; (infixed, pl), gas; s.
yourself, prn, dha honan; che dha honan (RLC).
yourselves, prn, agas honan; gas honan (RLC).
youth n, (young age) yowynkneth (f); (young person)
yonker (m), yowynkes (pl); (young man) den
yowynk (m); (young woman) benyn yowynk;
(young people) tus yowynk (pl); youth hostel, n,
ostel yowynkneth (f); youth club, n, kowethas
yowynkneth (m or f).

X, x

Z, z
zebra, n, zebra (m), zebras (pl); zebra crossing, n,
treusva labol (f).
zenith, n, uhelder ebron (m); ughboynt (pl).
zero, num, mann (m); tra (f, RLC).
zip, n, zyp (m), zyppys (pl).
zodiac, n, stergylgh (m), stergylghyow (pl); zodiak (m).
zombie, n, zombi (m), zombis (pl).
zone, n, kwartron (m), kwartronys (pl); parth (f),
parthow (pl).
zoo, n, milva (f), milvaow (pl).

X-ray, I n, dewyn X (m), dewynnow X (pl), dewydnow

X (pl): golowyn X (m), golowynnow X (pl),
golowydnow X (pl); X-ray photograph, n, skeusen
dhewyn X (f), skeusennow dewyn X (pl),
skeusednow dewyn X (pl, RLC); II vb, X-dewynya.

Y, y
yacht, n, lester gwari (m), lestri gwari (pl).
yard, n, (measure) lath (f), lathow (pl); half a yard, n,
kevelin (m), kevelinyow (pl); (enclosure) lann (f),
lannow (pl); ladn (f, RLC), ladnow (pl, RLC); garth
(m), garthow (pl).
yawn, vb, deleva; dianowi.
year, n, bledhen (f), bledhynnyow (pl); bledhydnyow
(pl, RLC); years of age, phr, bloodh (m); before the
year is out, phr, kyns penn bledhen; kens pedn
bledhen (RLC); last year, adv, warlena; warleni; this
year, adv, hevlena; hevleni; next year, phr, an
vledhen a dheu; all the year round, phr, dres oll an
vledhen.
yell, I n, garm (f), garmow (pl); us (m), usow (pl); uj (m,
RLC), ujow (pl, RLC); II vb, garma; usa; uja (RLC);
kria.
yellow, adj, melyn.
yes, int, ya; ea (RLC); yes, certainly!, phr, dhe wir!; en
tei (RLC). {Note: In RMC, yes as an answer to yes/no
questions is usually expressed by repeating the verb in
the question.}
yesterday, adv, de; day before yesterday, adv,
dygynsete; yesterday evening, adv, nyhewer;
59